358:
47:
1705:
333:
468:). Freeman has noted that it is probably the longest and most sophisticated slow introduction written for any major symphony up to that time, perhaps to compensate for the length of the missing minuet in order to help bring the entire work into closer alignment with the customary length of a standard four-movement symphony. The introduction gives way to the main portion of the movement, in which six
1731:
285:, a close associate of the Mozart family between 1770 and 1778. As it happens, almost all of MysliveÄŤek's symphonies are cast in the three-movement pattern favored in Italy, where he mainly worked throughout his adult life. Nonetheless, a definitive explanation for the three-movement format of the Prague Symphony is still lacking.
275:
to create the format fast–slow–minuet–fast. The Prague
Symphony has no minuet, however, something that would have been extraordinarily unusual for a symphony written in Vienna in the late 1780s. Mozart himself, who wrote many more symphonies in the old-fashioned fast–slow–fast format than Haydn did
183:
Although Mozart's popularity among the
Viennese waxed and waned, he was consistently popular among the Bohemians and had a devoted following in Prague. In spite of the fact that the Symphony No. 38 was first performed in Prague, it is not certain that it was actually written for Prague. Much of the
238:
that Mozart had been cultivating in the orchestral accompaniments for his piano concertos for the previous two years and the new experience he had of writing for winds would have shown up in his symphonies regardless. No matter, the use of wind instruments in the Prague
Symphony represents a major
207:
was actually performed in Prague, perhaps during the time of rehearsals, when the brilliance of the music would have been recognized already by the musicians playing it. It is also possible that the Prague
Symphony was intended to be performed for the
520:
plays a prominent role, especially in counterpointing the main melody in the development section. This movement "shows Mozart in an unusual mood, nearer to
Beethoven's boisterousness than his fastidious taste normally allowed him to go."
223:
might offer a clue that the Prague
Symphony was fashioned specifically with the Prague public in mind. The wind players of Bohemia were famed throughout Europe, and the Prague press specifically attributed the great success of the operas
198:
is recorded in the Prague press until
December 11, 1786, five days after the symphony was completed. It is certain that the opera's run began before that week, but there is no documentation to confirm when. It is known from a letter of
251:. Indeed, it would be difficult to identify any earlier symphony by any composer not of a special type that contains so many passages in which no stringed instruments play at all, only various types of wind ensembles.
336:
276:(because of his closer connections with Italy), never before wrote a three-movement symphony for Vienna, not even as a child in the 1760s, when three-movement symphonies were still common in many parts of Europe.
1432:
280:
has suggested that the three-movement format might have been chosen as a means to appeal to the musical public of Prague. It so happens that the only symphonist from Prague that Mozart ever knew well was
1462:
1293:
234:
partially to their skillful deployment of wind instruments. It is also possible that the extensive use of winds in the Prague
Symphony was simply the result of experiments with
1404:
216:
in
December 1786 along with the Piano Concerto No. 25, but all that can be established for certain is that it was not performed in Vienna before it was performed in Prague.
779:
1326:
1639:
1424:
1751:
1472:
1288:
819:
203:
written in
January 1787 that Mozart was invited to Prague by a group of musicians and patrons. It is possible that this invitation came through long before
810:
1675:
1467:
1457:
194:) in Prague. It is not known, however, when the run started, possibly in November 1786, possibly in December. No mention of the overwhelming success of
1452:
1447:
783:
1680:
184:
confusion surrounds the chronology of its inception. It is clear that Mozart was invited to Prague on the strength of the reception of his opera
1369:
1319:
699:
1399:
128:
623:
1756:
1708:
1482:
1477:
1414:
1312:
226:
803:
921:
916:
911:
896:
152:
760:
46:
1721:
361:
501:
The second movement's structure is typical of Mozart symphonies dating from this period, although the music shifts to a
1229:
1224:
1569:
671:
1761:
1394:
796:
161:
1670:
1204:
906:
866:
861:
851:
846:
841:
675:
135:. Mozart's autograph thematic catalogue records 6 December 1786 as the date of completion for this composition.
1563:
1359:
1276:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1132:
1122:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
901:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
856:
465:
461:
260:
721:
656:
1690:
1442:
1335:
1255:
1245:
1188:
1183:
1178:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
825:
732:
120:
38:
764:
1735:
1644:
1354:
477:
344:
1349:
494:. The allegro proper opens in a complicated manner with the "first theme" traded off between the second
90:
1634:
1409:
1379:
1581:
1516:
1509:
1503:
1384:
1270:
1266:
1259:
772:
473:
282:
148:
116:
70:
1575:
1487:
651:
364:
186:
490:
138:
Other works written by Mozart roughly contemporary with this symphony include the Piano Trio in
460:
The first movement begins with a slow introduction (he does this in only two other symphonies,
1551:
1545:
1374:
736:
695:
687:
629:
619:
277:
239:
advance in Mozart's symphonic technique that was imitated in his last symphonies, and also by
178:
1649:
1599:
1557:
1437:
1364:
679:
667:
376:
348:
268:
264:
1654:
1389:
716:
220:
191:
788:
1539:
1249:
609:
435:
340:
317:
200:
1745:
1685:
1611:
1605:
1531:
1280:
728:
235:
1617:
1593:
1587:
481:
305:
240:
139:
271:. Then, starting in the 1750s, it was normal in Germany and Austria to include a
557:. Translated by J. Branford Robinson. Kassel: Bärenreiter-Verlag. p. XVIII.
506:
502:
485:
380:
488:. Certain phrases in the first movement bear a resemblance to the overture to
1265:
Symphonies generally agreed to be spurious today, but included in either the
663:
244:
633:
1304:
572:, pp. 305–311 for a discussion of the possible genesis of this work.
248:
190:
during the 1786–87 winter season of the National Theatre (now called the
131:. Because it was first performed in Prague, it is popularly known as the
613:
510:
415:
313:
309:
301:
166:
112:
60:
495:
469:
272:
213:
209:
124:
263:
symphonies of the eighteenth century were originally cast in three
517:
439:
411:
391:
387:
293:
740:
297:
1308:
792:
615:
Talking About Music : Symphonies, Concertos and Sonatas
580:
578:
498:(who start it) and the first violins (who finish it off).
363:
Audio playback is not supported in your browser. You can
1283:, except for the slow introduction which Mozart added.
1719:
339:
of Symphony No. 38 in D major, K. 504 ("Prague") by
1663:
1627:
1530:
1496:
1423:
1342:
1197:
1171:
930:
834:
516:The third movement is a lively Presto in which the
325:
97:
85:
77:
66:
56:
23:
720:
655:
505:in a movement of contrasting moods. It is in the
548:
546:
1262:(although Mozart changed the instrumentation).
1320:
1289:List of symphonies by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
804:
8:
267:(fast–slow–fast) following their origins in
169:and orchestra (completed 26 December 1786).
1294:List of spurious/doubtful Mozart symphonies
1493:
1327:
1313:
1305:
811:
797:
789:
155:, K. 503 (completed 4 December 1786), and
45:
20:
784:International Music Score Library Project
101:Three (Adagio – Allegro, Andante, Presto)
151:. 502 (completed 18 November 1786), the
1726:
584:
569:
537:
530:
322:
51:First page of the autograph manuscript
1752:Symphonies by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
127:on January 19, 1787, during Mozart's
7:
1242:Symphonies of doubtful authenticity.
14:
694:. Minneapolis: Calumet Editions.
618:. London: Pan Books. p. 45.
553:Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus (2005).
1729:
1704:
1703:
1564:Maria Anna Thekla Mozart (Bäsle)
331:
1681:Beethoven–Haydn–Mozart Memorial
723:Mozart, His Character, His Work
658:Mozart: A Documentary Biography
596:
212:instrumental concerts given in
123:in late 1786. It premiered in
1:
743:– via Internet Archive.
227:Die EntfĂĽhrung aus dem Serail
16:1786 symphony by W. A. Mozart
1590:(paternal great-grandfather)
1433:Concert arias, songs, canons
360:
1570:Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart
1552:Maria Anna Mozart (Nannerl)
292:Symphony is scored for two
1778:
176:
1699:
1676:Mozart in popular culture
1488:Relationship with G minor
1238:
731:; Nathan Broder. London:
676:Stanford University Press
330:
44:
36:
28:
1405:Appearance and character
674:. Stanford, California:
1757:Compositions in D major
1691:Mozart Monument, Vienna
1336:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
826:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
733:Oxford University Press
365:download the audio file
129:first visit to the city
121:Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
1584:(paternal grandfather)
1172:Adapted from serenades
345:Philharmonia Orchestra
162:Ch'io mi scordi di te?
153:Piano Concerto No. 25
119:504, was composed by
1483:Compositional method
1463:Works for solo piano
852:K. 45a (Old Lambach)
757:Sinfonie in D KV 504
1582:Johann Georg Mozart
1517:Neue Mozart-Ausgabe
1510:Alte Mozart-Ausgabe
1260:Carl Friedrich Abel
773:Neue Mozart-Ausgabe
652:Deutsch, Otto Erich
587:, pp. 305–311.
486:sonata-allegro form
24:Symphony in D major
1576:Karl Thomas Mozart
1279:now attributed to
1273:complete editions.
1258:now attributed to
1248:now attributed to
688:Freeman, Daniel E.
559:ISMN M-006-20466-3
232:Le nozze di Figaro
219:The lavish use of
205:Le nozze di Figaro
196:Le nozze di Figaro
187:Le nozze di Figaro
91:Johann Anton André
1762:1786 compositions
1717:
1716:
1546:Anna Maria Mozart
1526:
1525:
1302:
1301:
701:978-1-950743-50-6
369:
354:
353:
278:Daniel E. Freeman
269:Italian overtures
179:Mozart and Prague
105:
104:
1769:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1725:
1707:
1706:
1596:(brother-in-law)
1558:Constanze Mozart
1504:Köchel catalogue
1494:
1478:Violin concertos
1329:
1322:
1315:
1306:
829:
828:
813:
806:
799:
790:
782:: Scores at the
776:
769:
744:
727:. Translated by
726:
717:Einstein, Alfred
705:
692:Mozart in Prague
683:
680:Internet Archive
668:Peter Branscombe
662:. Translated by
661:
638:
637:
606:
600:
594:
588:
582:
573:
566:
560:
558:
555:Die Sinfonien IV
550:
541:
535:
456:
455:
454:
453:
432:
431:
430:
429:
408:
407:
406:
405:
349:Internet Archive
335:
334:
323:
283:Josef MysliveÄŤek
221:wind instruments
145:
144:
49:
21:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1766:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1736:Classical music
1730:
1728:
1720:
1718:
1713:
1695:
1659:
1640:Catholic Church
1623:
1620:(sister-in-law)
1614:(sister-in-law)
1608:(sister-in-law)
1602:(mother-in-law)
1522:
1492:
1458:Piano concertos
1419:
1338:
1333:
1303:
1298:
1234:
1193:
1167:
1158:No. 41 (K. 551)
1153:No. 40 (K. 550)
1148:No. 39 (K. 543)
1138:No. 38 (K. 504)
1133:No. 37 (K. 444)
1123:No. 36 (K. 425)
1113:No. 35 (K. 385)
1108:No. 34 (K. 338)
1103:No. 33 (K. 319)
1098:No. 32 (K. 318)
1088:No. 31 (K. 297)
1083:No. 30 (K. 202)
1078:No. 29 (K. 201)
1073:No. 28 (K. 200)
1068:No. 27 (K. 199)
1063:No. 26 (K. 184)
1058:No. 25 (K. 183)
1053:No. 24 (K. 182)
1048:No. 23 (K. 181)
1043:No. 22 (K. 162)
1038:No. 21 (K. 134)
1033:No. 20 (K. 133)
1028:No. 19 (K. 132)
1023:No. 18 (K. 130)
1018:No. 17 (K. 129)
1013:No. 16 (K. 128)
1008:No. 15 (K. 124)
1003:No. 14 (K. 114)
998:No. 13 (K. 112)
993:No. 12 (K. 110)
926:
842:K. 16a (Odense)
830:
824:
823:
817:
780:Symphony No. 38
767:
765:critical report
754:
751:
715:
712:
710:Further reading
702:
686:
650:
642:
641:
626:
610:Hopkins, Antony
608:
607:
603:
595:
591:
583:
576:
567:
563:
552:
551:
544:
536:
532:
527:
491:Die Zauberflöte
452:
447:
446:
445:
444:
443:
428:
423:
422:
421:
420:
419:
404:
399:
398:
397:
396:
395:
371:
370:
368:
332:
257:
192:Estates Theatre
181:
175:
142:
141:
133:Prague Symphony
109:Symphony No. 38
52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1775:
1773:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1667:
1665:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1621:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1597:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1567:
1566:(first cousin)
1561:
1555:
1549:
1543:
1540:Leopold Mozart
1536:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1513:
1506:
1500:
1498:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1443:Horn concertos
1440:
1435:
1429:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1309:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1274:
1263:
1253:
1250:Leopold Mozart
1243:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1230:K. Anh.C 11.08
1227:
1225:K. Anh.C 11.07
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1135:
1130:
1120:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
988:No. 11 (K. 84)
985:
983:No. 10 (K. 74)
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
934:
932:
928:
927:
925:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
838:
836:
832:
831:
818:
816:
815:
808:
801:
793:
787:
786:
777:
750:
749:External links
747:
746:
745:
711:
708:
707:
706:
700:
684:
640:
639:
624:
601:
589:
574:
561:
542:
540:, p. 285.
529:
528:
526:
523:
458:
457:
448:
433:
424:
409:
400:
373:
372:
362:
359:
357:
352:
351:
341:Otto Klemperer
328:
327:
326:External audio
256:
253:
201:Leopold Mozart
174:
171:
165:, K. 505, for
103:
102:
99:
95:
94:
87:
83:
82:
79:
75:
74:
68:
64:
63:
58:
54:
53:
50:
42:
41:
34:
33:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1774:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1737:
1727:
1723:
1710:
1702:
1701:
1698:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1686:Mozart effect
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1612:Aloysia Weber
1610:
1607:
1606:Josepha Weber
1604:
1601:
1600:Cäcilia Weber
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1330:
1325:
1323:
1318:
1316:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1281:Michael Haydn
1278:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1163:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
978:No. 9 (K. 73)
976:
974:
973:No. 8 (K. 48)
971:
969:
968:No. 7 (K. 45)
966:
964:
963:No. 6 (K. 43)
961:
959:
958:No. 5 (K. 22)
956:
954:
953:No. 4 (K. 19)
951:
949:
948:No. 3 (K. 18)
946:
944:
943:No. 2 (K. 17)
941:
939:
938:No. 1 (K. 16)
936:
935:
933:
929:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
839:
837:
833:
827:
821:
814:
809:
807:
802:
800:
795:
794:
791:
785:
781:
778:
775:
774:
766:
762:
758:
753:
752:
748:
742:
738:
734:
730:
729:Arthur Mendel
725:
724:
718:
714:
713:
709:
703:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
660:
659:
653:
649:
648:
647:
646:
635:
631:
627:
625:0-330-24824-3
621:
617:
616:
611:
605:
602:
598:
593:
590:
586:
581:
579:
575:
571:
565:
562:
556:
549:
547:
543:
539:
534:
531:
524:
522:
519:
514:
512:
508:
504:
499:
497:
493:
492:
487:
483:
479:
478:recapitulated
475:
471:
467:
463:
451:
441:
437:
434:
427:
417:
413:
410:
403:
393:
389:
386:
385:
384:
382:
378:
375:It has three
366:
356:
355:
350:
347:in 1960, via
346:
342:
338:
329:
324:
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
286:
284:
279:
274:
270:
266:
262:
254:
252:
250:
246:
242:
237:
236:orchestration
233:
229:
228:
222:
217:
215:
211:
206:
202:
197:
193:
189:
188:
180:
172:
170:
168:
164:
163:
158:
154:
150:
146:
136:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
69:
65:
62:
59:
55:
48:
43:
40:
35:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1671:Georg Nissen
1618:Sophie Weber
1594:Joseph Lange
1588:Franz Mozart
1515:
1508:
1410:Pet starling
1161:
1141:
1137:
1126:
1116:
1091:
771:
756:
722:
691:
678:– via
672:Jeremy Noble
657:
644:
643:
614:
604:
592:
585:Freeman 2021
570:Freeman 2021
564:
554:
538:Deutsch 1965
533:
515:
500:
489:
482:contrapuntal
459:
449:
425:
401:
374:
289:
287:
258:
231:
225:
218:
204:
195:
185:
182:
160:
156:
137:
132:
108:
106:
39:W. A. Mozart
30:
18:
1645:Freemasonry
1370:Nationality
1350:Biographies
768:(in German)
507:subdominant
484:example of
381:sonata form
337:Performance
1746:Categories
1628:Influences
1473:Symphonies
1360:Grand tour
1355:Birthplace
922:K. 208+102
917:K. 196+121
912:K. 135+61h
897:K. 111+120
835:Unnumbered
820:Symphonies
480:in a very
379:, each in
259:The early
177:See also:
159:and rondò
1635:Beethoven
1380:Scatology
1375:Residence
1343:Biography
664:Eric Blom
503:minor key
474:developed
377:movements
265:movements
261:classical
245:Beethoven
98:Movements
86:Published
67:Catalogue
1709:Category
1554:(sister)
1548:(mother)
1542:(father)
1497:Editions
1385:Smallpox
931:Numbered
741:45001487
719:(1945).
690:(2021).
654:(1965).
612:(1977).
470:melodies
343:and the
310:trumpets
302:bassoons
249:Schubert
143:♭
78:Composed
1664:Related
1655:Salieri
1468:Sonatas
1162:Jupiter
1117:Haffner
770:in the
755:*
645:Sources
634:4465252
511:G major
509:key of
496:violins
462:No. 36
416:G major
412:Andante
392:Allegro
318:strings
314:timpani
167:soprano
113:D major
61:D major
29:No. 38
1722:Portal
1560:(wife)
1532:Family
1453:Operas
1448:Masses
1438:Dances
1400:Prague
1395:Berlin
1277:No. 37
1220:K. 66e
1215:K. 66d
1210:K. 66c
1205:K. 19b
1189:K. 320
1184:K. 250
1179:K. 204
1142:Prague
907:K. 161
867:K. 74g
862:K. 45b
847:K. 19a
739:
698:
632:
622:
466:No. 39
440:Presto
436:Finale
388:Adagio
308:, two
304:, two
300:, two
296:, two
294:flutes
290:Prague
273:minuet
247:, and
214:Vienna
210:Advent
173:Prague
125:Prague
89:1800 (
31:Prague
1650:Haydn
1578:(son)
1572:(son)
1425:Music
1415:Death
1390:Italy
1256:No. 3
1246:No. 2
1092:Paris
902:K. 96
892:K. 98
887:K. 75
882:K. 97
877:K. 95
872:K. 81
857:K. 76
761:Score
525:Notes
518:flute
306:horns
298:oboes
241:Haydn
157:scena
1365:Name
1198:Lost
1127:Linz
763:and
737:LCCN
696:ISBN
630:OCLC
620:ISBN
568:See
476:and
472:are
464:and
316:and
288:The
255:Form
230:and
107:The
81:1786
1271:new
1269:or
1267:old
822:by
597:NMA
442:),
414:in
111:in
73:504
57:Key
37:by
1748::
759::
735:.
670:;
666:;
628:.
577:^
545:^
513:.
418:,
394:,
390:–
383::
320:.
312:,
243:,
147:,
117:K.
115:,
71:K.
1724::
1328:e
1321:t
1314:v
1252:.
1164:)
1160:(
1144:)
1140:(
1129:)
1125:(
1119:)
1115:(
1094:)
1090:(
812:e
805:t
798:v
704:.
682:.
636:.
599:.
450:4
438:(
426:8
402:4
367:.
149:K
140:B
93:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
