99:
52:
769:
458:
74:
581:
642:
Breeding occurs once per annum during the autumn. Adults attain sexual maturity by the end of their second summer. A female can be expected to generate approximately 50 to 120 eggs per breeding season, which remain attached to the mother for the entire winter. Studies on other family members suggest
618:
feeds on decomposing vegetation and other detritus, consuming minute diverse particles conveyed by currents to downstream pools. As the water slows, the particles are filtered by the fine network of exposed roots from trees, such as from willows and alders. The
California freshwater shrimp merely
610:
prefers slow- to medium-flowing pools and glide areas with overhanging banks. They do not inhabit even slightly brackish stream segments, but have been found to survive a minimum of 13 days in 50% seawater, perhaps allowing seed populations to colonize nearby streams as was possibly seen in Olema
371:
from various drainages, with the results showing a variety of well-defined genetic variations within these populations. The species has a superficial appearance to its better known marine relatives, and may attain a body length of about 5 centimetres (2.0 in).
436:
All members of family
Atyidae can be distinguished from other shrimp by their overall length as well as the extent length of their pincer-like claws and manifestation of terminal bristles (setae) at the tips of the first and second
515:
has greatly diminished the present range to 17 stream segments in Sonoma, Napa and Marin
Counties. These habitat stream segments are sometimes separated by degraded portions of a given creek, effectively leading to a
746:. In this case students raised money, lobbied legislators and succeeded in obtaining grant funds to prevent cattle grazing within the creek, one of the greatest habitat threats.
757:, the general trend for the population of this organism is decline. For example, 1999 surveys in Marin County found fewer individuals present than a comparable 1997 survey.
1205:
425:
Males and juveniles are always translucent or transparent, while coloration of the sometimes translucent females ranges from dark brown to purple, some with a broad tan
1541:
399:, which occur internally as well as on the surface. As a result, the clustered color-producing cells combined with translucency masks the body outline and blends the
1415:
1467:
942:
1062:
Habitat
Requirements of the Endangered California Freshwater Shrimp in Streams on the Point Reyes National Seashore and Golden Gate National Recreational Area
1546:
606:
the flow rates can be very low with larger pools but they characteristically transport heavy runoff during the rainy winter season. Within a given stream,
598:
California freshwater shrimp prefer streams that have water flowing year round with predominately low gradient flows. In the summer months with little
1521:
635:, and microscopic animals, the particle agglomerates are quite nutritious. Although most species of shrimp walk slowly about the roots as they feed,
1389:
1189:
1428:
1282:
950:
1551:
1123:
1087:
524:
streams below 100 meters above sea level in elevation and of gradient less than one percent. The stream segments can be grouped as follows:
33:
1536:
1493:
915:
56:
1526:
1066:
1249:
655:
1433:
433:
to nearly transparent with diffuse chromatophores. Moreover, females are typically longer and deeper bodied than males.
1254:
599:
954:
1472:
561:
1115:
304:
98:
743:
312:
308:
1321:
284:
83:
517:
230:
213:
1303:
449:
length (reckoned from eye socket to tail-tip) of slightly more than five centimeters can be attained.
1498:
1376:
1214:
1203:
G. Fryer (1977). "Studies on the functional morphology and ecology of the atyid prawns of
Dominica".
903:
782:
735:
685:
565:
461:
671:
492:
469:
41:
1459:
830:
774:
727:
There are individual efforts occurring in various stream segments, one of the most notable being
345:
265:
239:
93:
78:
1060:
1420:
1180:
1012:
1480:
1353:
1230:
728:
350:
1531:
1485:
1222:
1154:
1028:
988:
888:
825:
521:
426:
1446:
512:
445:
differentiate the
California freshwater shrimp from other shrimp that occur California. A
280:
1175:
1047:
1218:
441:. A short spine above the eye and the angled articulation of the second chelae with the
603:
551:
411:. California freshwater shrimp move quite torpidly and are practically invisible among
1515:
1441:
816:
739:
569:
555:
529:
500:
438:
396:
360:
292:
61:
1263:
807:
1358:
1176:"The California freshwater shrimp: A ghost-like crustacean we can't afford to lose"
584:
539:
442:
412:
340:
140:
32:
768:
1278:
1454:
1402:
754:
547:
533:
508:
457:
392:
316:
269:
160:
1344:
764:
732:
543:
488:
419:
408:
388:
384:
328:
288:
1304:"1999 Survey for California freshwater shrimp at five Marin County locations"
1032:
639:
will undertake short swimming bursts to obtain particularly desirable items.
1080:
Distribution, life history, and status of the
California freshwater shrimp,
710:
130:
110:
1226:
891:
716:
Assess effects of various conservation efforts on cohabiting native species
403:
to its subsurface environment. Consequently, an illusion is presented that
415:
leaf and twig substrates, and among the slender, exposed, living roots of
1338:
1234:
1101:
1048:"Systematics, evolution, & conservation: North American atyid shrimp"
628:
446:
416:
400:
364:
339:, and is the only extant decapod shrimp in California that occurs in non-
332:
190:
150:
1368:
855:
580:
1394:
1090:. Inland Fisheries Endangered Species Program Special Publication 81-1.
692:
588:
504:
473:
465:
430:
296:
276:
272:
180:
170:
1407:
1159:
1139:"Habitat Requirements of the Endangered California Freshwater Shrimp (
1138:
300:
120:
1315:
993:
972:
1137:
Martin, Barbara A.; Saiki, Michael K.; Fong, Darren (2009-01-01).
787:
632:
579:
487:
is not known, since geologic and climatic changes since the early
456:
324:
1021:
658:
since its initial listing in 1988. Conservation priorities for
624:
623:, and lift to their mouths the collected morsels. Colonized by
620:
1381:
1319:
1143:) in Lagunitas and Olema Creeks, Marin County, California, USA"
973:"Review and redescription of the freshwater atyid shrimp genus
705:
Increase public awareness and involvement in the protection of
654:
is a federally listed endangered species, protected under the
320:
670:
populations and habitat once the threats are removed and
619:
brush up the food with tufts at the tips of their small
429:
band. Females may change rapidly from this very dark
359:
is one of only four members of the family
Atyidae in
528:
Certain stream segments which drain directly to the
367:
studies have been conducted to compare specimens of
1328:
943:"Species account for California freshwater shrimp,
729:
Students and
Teachers Restoring A Watershed (STRAW)
1206:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
971:Martin, Joel W.; Wicksten, Mary K. (2004-01-01).
738:to restore over 1,400 meters (4,600 ft) of
491:have significantly altered river courses of the
662:and associated native aquatic species include:
643:a lifespan for this species of several years.
1102:"Our Endangered California Freshwater Shrimp"
831:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T21249A2774672.en
8:
953:Office, Sacramento Division. Archived from
1316:
72:
50:
31:
20:
1190:United States Fish & Wildlife Service
1158:
992:
829:
864:Environmental Conservation Online System
1542:Freshwater crustaceans of North America
1283:United States Fish and Wildlife Service
951:United States Fish and Wildlife Service
798:
568:and certain of its tributaries such as
387:that employs a two-pronged approach to
1124:California Department of Fish and Game
1088:California Department of Fish and Game
937:
935:
933:
883:
881:
850:
848:
499:may have occurred as far north as the
483:The precise historic distribution of
327:altering, as a sophisticated form of
7:
1006:
1004:
966:
964:
1547:Fauna of the San Francisco Bay Area
817:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
742:by students at Brookside School in
702:populations at extirpated locations
1104:. Blucher Creek Watershed Council.
866:. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
681:habitat conditions and populations
395:coupled with strategically placed
14:
806:De Grave, S.; Rogers, C. (2013).
560:Certain lower tributaries of the
1522:IUCN Red List endangered species
916:World Register of Marine Species
767:
684:Assess effectiveness of various
97:
1116:"California Freshwater Shrimp,
1067:United States Geological Survey
1013:"The atyid shrimp of the genus
856:"California freshwater shrimp (
520:. Occurrence is restricted to
511:of cattle, along with chemical
1277:Daniel Strait (January 2005).
1250:"A Shrimp Spawns Partnerships"
656:Endangered Species Act of 1973
536:, in Marin and Sonoma Counties
279:that occurs only in a limited
1:
1552:Crustaceans described in 1895
1147:Journal of Crustacean Biology
981:Journal of Crustacean Biology
422:along undercut stream banks.
977:Holmes, 1900, in California"
698:Restore and maintain viable
554:, all of which drain to the
337:California freshwater shrimp
1537:Endemic fauna of California
1279:"Partnerships for a shrimp"
1255:Endangered Species Bulletin
749:Although a new location of
1568:
1011:Hedgpeth, Joel W. (1968).
753:was found in the 1990s at
319:to transparent, with both
614:As a slow moving species
391:: it uses a technique of
245:
238:
219:
212:
94:Scientific classification
92:
70:
48:
39:
30:
23:
1033:10.1002/iroh.19680530402
691:Conduct research on the
407:are submerged, decaying
323:capable of considerable
315:. This species is often
1527:ESA endangered species
1227:10.1098/rstb.1977.0007
595:
480:
349:from the basin of the
285:San Francisco Bay Area
677:Monitor and evaluate
583:
518:fragmented population
495:coast. Historically,
464:, the second largest
460:
335:is commonly known as
295:. Specifically, this
16:Species of crustacean
1174:Larry Serpa (1996).
824:: e.T21249A2774672.
783:Endangered arthropod
736:conservation program
576:Habitat and behavior
566:Laguna de Santa Rosa
503:, but reductions of
462:Laguna de Santa Rosa
283:within the northern
1262:(1). Archived from
1219:1977RSPTB.277...57F
666:Protect and manage
493:Northern California
470:Northern California
42:Conservation status
1078:L. L. Eng (1981).
775:Crustaceans portal
674:has been completed
596:
507:, especially from
481:
346:Syncaris pasadenae
299:occurs only in 17
266:endangered species
1509:
1508:
1481:Open Tree of Life
1330:Syncaris pacifica
1322:Taxon identifiers
1160:10.1651/08-3134.1
1141:Syncaris pacifica
1118:Syncaris pacifica
1082:Syncaris pacifica
957:on April 1, 2007.
945:Syncaris pacifica
906:Syncaris pacifica
858:Syncaris pacifica
810:Syncaris pacifica
751:Syncaris pacifica
652:Syncaris pacifica
593:Syncaris pacifica
497:Syncaris pacifica
489:Quaternary Period
485:Syncaris pacifica
478:Syncaris pacifica
381:Syncaris pacifica
369:Syncaris pacifica
351:Los Angeles River
261:Syncaris pacifica
257:
256:
252:
223:Syncaris pacifica
87:
65:
25:Syncaris pacifica
1559:
1502:
1501:
1489:
1488:
1476:
1475:
1463:
1462:
1450:
1449:
1437:
1436:
1424:
1423:
1411:
1410:
1398:
1397:
1385:
1384:
1372:
1371:
1362:
1361:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1075:
1069:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1008:
999:
998:
996:
968:
959:
958:
939:
928:
927:
925:
923:
900:
894:
885:
876:
875:
873:
871:
852:
843:
842:
840:
838:
833:
803:
777:
772:
771:
383:is a ten-legged
303:segments within
250:
248:Miersia pacifica
225:
205:S. pacifica
102:
101:
81:
76:
75:
59:
54:
53:
35:
21:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1505:
1497:
1492:
1484:
1479:
1471:
1466:
1458:
1453:
1445:
1440:
1432:
1427:
1419:
1414:
1406:
1401:
1393:
1388:
1380:
1375:
1367:
1365:
1357:
1352:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1324:
1314:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1287:
1285:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1266:on May 9, 2007.
1248:Daniel Strait.
1247:
1246:
1242:
1213:(952): 57–129.
1202:
1201:
1197:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1059:
1055:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1010:
1009:
1002:
970:
969:
962:
941:
940:
931:
921:
919:
908:(Holmes, 1895)"
902:
901:
897:
886:
879:
869:
867:
854:
853:
846:
836:
834:
805:
804:
800:
796:
773:
766:
763:
649:
578:
513:water pollution
455:
378:
234:
227:
221:
208:
96:
88:
77:
73:
66:
55:
51:
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1565:
1563:
1555:
1554:
1549:
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1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1514:
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1507:
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1504:
1503:
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1477:
1464:
1451:
1438:
1425:
1412:
1399:
1386:
1373:
1363:
1350:
1334:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1313:
1312:
1295:
1269:
1240:
1195:
1166:
1153:(4): 595–604.
1129:
1107:
1093:
1070:
1053:
1046:Kevin J. Roe.
1038:
1027:(4): 511–524.
1017:in California"
1000:
994:10.1651/c-2451
987:(3): 447–462.
960:
929:
895:
877:
844:
797:
795:
792:
791:
790:
785:
779:
778:
762:
759:
725:
724:
717:
714:
703:
696:
695:of the species
689:
682:
675:
648:
645:
604:surface runoff
577:
574:
573:
572:
564:including the
558:
552:Petaluma River
537:
454:
451:
397:chromatophores
377:
374:
343:(its congener
313:Marin Counties
275:in the family
255:
254:
243:
242:
236:
235:
228:
217:
216:
210:
209:
202:
200:
196:
195:
188:
184:
183:
178:
174:
173:
168:
164:
163:
158:
154:
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148:
144:
143:
138:
134:
133:
128:
124:
123:
118:
114:
113:
108:
104:
103:
90:
89:
71:
68:
67:
49:
46:
45:
40:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1564:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1500:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1284:
1280:
1273:
1270:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1244:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1199:
1196:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1177:
1170:
1167:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1142:
1133:
1130:
1125:
1121:
1119:
1111:
1108:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1057:
1054:
1049:
1042:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1023:(in German).
1022:
1018:
1016:
1007:
1005:
1001:
995:
990:
986:
982:
978:
976:
967:
965:
961:
956:
952:
948:
946:
938:
936:
934:
930:
917:
913:
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907:
899:
896:
893:
890:
884:
882:
878:
865:
861:
859:
851:
849:
845:
832:
827:
823:
819:
818:
813:
811:
802:
799:
793:
789:
786:
784:
781:
780:
776:
770:
765:
760:
758:
756:
752:
747:
745:
741:
740:Stemple Creek
737:
734:
730:
723:recovery team
722:
718:
715:
712:
708:
704:
701:
697:
694:
690:
687:
683:
680:
676:
673:
669:
665:
664:
663:
661:
657:
653:
646:
644:
640:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
617:
612:
609:
605:
601:
600:precipitation
594:
590:
586:
582:
575:
571:
570:Blucher Creek
567:
563:
562:Russian River
559:
557:
556:San Pablo Bay
553:
549:
545:
541:
538:
535:
531:
530:Pacific Ocean
527:
526:
525:
523:
519:
514:
510:
506:
502:
501:Klamath River
498:
494:
490:
486:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
452:
450:
448:
444:
440:
434:
432:
431:cryptic color
428:
423:
421:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
375:
373:
370:
366:
362:
361:North America
358:
354:
353:is extinct).
352:
348:
347:
342:
341:saline waters
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
271:
267:
263:
262:
253:
249:
244:
241:
237:
232:
226:
224:
218:
215:
214:Binomial name
211:
207:
206:
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198:
197:
194:
193:
189:
186:
185:
182:
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176:
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159:
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122:
119:
116:
115:
112:
109:
106:
105:
100:
95:
91:
85:
80:
69:
63:
58:
47:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1329:
1298:
1286:. Retrieved
1272:
1264:the original
1259:
1253:
1243:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1185:
1179:
1169:
1150:
1146:
1140:
1132:
1117:
1110:
1096:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1061:
1056:
1041:
1024:
1020:
1014:
984:
980:
974:
955:the original
944:
920:. Retrieved
911:
905:
898:
868:. Retrieved
863:
857:
835:. Retrieved
821:
815:
809:
801:
750:
748:
744:Marin County
726:
720:
719:Assemble an
706:
699:
686:conservation
678:
667:
659:
651:
650:
647:Conservation
641:
636:
615:
613:
607:
597:
592:
585:Sonoma Creek
540:Sonoma Creek
532:, including
496:
484:
482:
477:
435:
424:
413:water column
404:
393:translucency
380:
379:
368:
356:
355:
344:
336:
260:
259:
258:
251:Holmes, 1895
247:
246:
222:
220:
204:
203:
191:
167:Infraorder:
141:Malacostraca
24:
18:
1455:NatureServe
1403:iNaturalist
837:19 November
755:Olema Creek
721:S. pacifica
709:and native
707:S. pacifica
700:S. pacifica
679:S. pacifica
672:restoration
668:S. pacifica
660:S. pacifica
637:S. pacifica
616:S. pacifica
608:S. pacifica
548:Tolay Creek
534:Tomales Bay
509:overgrazing
405:S. pacifica
357:S. pacifica
317:translucent
161:Pleocyemata
1516:Categories
794:References
733:grassroots
711:cohabiting
544:Napa River
420:vegetation
409:vegetation
389:camouflage
385:crustacean
376:Morphology
329:camouflage
325:coloration
289:California
270:freshwater
157:Suborder:
131:Arthropoda
79:Endangered
57:Endangered
1181:Tidelines
922:18 August
522:perennial
199:Species:
117:Kingdom:
111:Eukaryota
1460:2.109493
1421:10603344
1345:Q3932537
1339:Wikidata
1288:June 26,
1084:(Holmes)
1015:Syncaris
975:Syncaris
870:29 April
761:See also
629:bacteria
542:, lower
447:carapace
417:riparian
401:organism
240:Synonyms
192:Syncaris
177:Family:
151:Decapoda
127:Phylum:
121:Animalia
107:Domain:
62:IUCN 3.1
1532:Atyidae
1395:2223027
1215:Bibcode
713:species
693:biology
688:efforts
611:Creek.
589:habitat
505:habitat
474:habitat
466:wetland
365:Genetic
333:decapod
331:. This
297:species
277:Atyidae
233:, 1895)
187:Genus:
181:Atyidae
171:Caridea
147:Order:
137:Class:
82: (
60: (
1499:586737
1486:322505
1473:859814
1408:113566
1382:347041
1366:ECOS:
1235:850693
1233:
1192:: 1–3.
918:. 2023
443:carpus
439:chelae
427:dorsal
305:Sonoma
301:stream
273:shrimp
264:is an
231:Holmes
1494:WoRMS
1447:21249
1434:97248
1416:IRMNG
1359:8VCLV
1307:(PDF)
1188:(2).
912:WoRMS
892:43884
788:Miwok
633:fungi
625:algae
621:claws
453:Range
321:sexes
281:range
1468:NCBI
1442:IUCN
1429:ITIS
1390:GBIF
1369:7903
1290:2011
1231:PMID
924:2023
872:2023
839:2021
822:2013
731:, a
602:and
587:, a
550:and
472:and
311:and
309:Napa
1377:EoL
1354:CoL
1223:doi
1211:277
1155:doi
1029:doi
989:doi
887:53
826:doi
591:of
476:of
468:of
293:USA
268:of
84:ESA
1518::
1496::
1483::
1470::
1457::
1444::
1431::
1418::
1405::
1392::
1379::
1356::
1341::
1281:.
1260:21
1258:.
1252:.
1229:.
1221:.
1209:.
1186:16
1184:.
1178:.
1151:29
1149:.
1145:.
1122:.
1086:.
1065:,
1025:53
1019:.
1003:^
985:24
983:.
979:.
963:^
949:.
932:^
914:.
910:.
889:FR
880:^
862:.
860:)"
847:^
820:.
814:.
631:,
627:,
546:,
363:.
307:,
291:,
287:,
1309:.
1292:.
1237:.
1225::
1217::
1163:.
1157::
1126:.
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1050:.
1035:.
1031::
997:.
991::
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926:.
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874:.
841:.
828::
812:"
808:"
229:(
86:)
64:)
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