354:
tailings pond water. "Tailings are the sand, silt, clay and water found naturally in oil sands that remain following the mining and bitumen extraction process." The problem stems from the hot water process used by Suncor and
Syncrude to extract bitumen from the Athabasca Oil Sands which produce large quantities of tailings pond sludge which remains stable for decades. By 1990 it was considered to be the "imminent environmental constraint to future use of the hot water process." Syncrude also contributes to the industry-funded Joint Oil sands Monitoring Program which was created in 2012 and managed by the federal and Alberta governments. According to a 2013 article published in
226:"debottlenecked", increasing production from 73.5 million barrels (11,690,000 m) per year in 1996 to 81.4 million in 1999. The total cost of this stage of expansion was $ 470 million. Between 1998 and 2001, a new mine, Aurora, was opened 35 km north of the original site, and further debottlenecking was undertaken. Production started in Aurora in July 2001. Syncrude's production increased to 90 million barrels (14,000,000 m) per year by the end of 2001. Total cost for this stage was $ 1 billion.
1185:
44:
218:
197:
of 350,000 barrels per day (56,000 m/d) of oil, equivalent to about 13% of Canada's consumption. It has approximately 5.1 billion barrels (810,000,000 m) of proven and probable reserves (11.9 billion when including contingent and prospective resources) situated on 8 leases over 3 contiguous
353:
Syncrude is a member of Canada's Oil Sands
Innovation Alliance (COSIA), an alliance of oil sands producers formed in 2012, who share research on Environmental Priority Areas (EPAs) such as tailing pond water and greenhouse gases. One of the major challenges facing COSIA is the treatment of oil sands
229:
A third stage of expansion was undertaken between 2001 and 2006, in which a second train at the Aurora line came online and the
Mildred Lake upgrader was expanded. The expansion added 100,000 barrels per day (16,000 m/d) to Syncrude's production (36.5 million barrels (5,800,000 m) a year
393:
the mix of groundwater chemicals in the area" proving that oil sands tailings pond water had leached into groundwater and the
Athabasca River. The study undertaken by a new federal-provincial oil sands monitoring program used new $ 1.6-million technology acquired in 2010. The equipment is able to
263:
five per cent stake in the
Syncrude project north of Fort McMurray, Alta. This follows the hostile takeover of Canadian Oil Sands less than a year ago, and will increase its interest in Syncrude from just under 49 per cent to nearly 54 per cent, making it the majority shareholder of the project.
423:
In 2004, Syncrude announced an $ 800,000 multi-year donation, $ 500,000 of which was dedicated to the new community
Syncrude Sport and Wellness Centre and the balance to Keyano Theatre’s Arts Alive Series and student scholarships. In 2005, Syncrude invested another $ 200,000 and took the naming
406:
Canada for $ 120,000, plus costs, after 11 Greenpeace activists went on to the company's Aurora North oil sands site July 24, 2008, to unfurl anti-oil sands banners and unsuccessfully block a tailings pipe. Company spokesperson Mark Kruger said the company filed the lawsuit—which also names the
225:
Syncrude was formed as a research consortium in 1964 by Ryan
Sheppard. Construction at the Syncrude site began in 1973, and it officially opened in 1978. Starting in 1996, Syncrude has been expanding its operations. Between 1996 and 1999, the original mine was expanded and the plant was
407:
activists individually—largely because of safety concerns as the activists were "unfamiliar with an industrial operation, and unfamiliar with some of the safety hazards that can be present... We just want to ensure that, in the future, nobody is putting themselves at unnecessary risk."
374:)." The study used the computer program (CXTFIT) to evaluate the transport behaviour of these contaminants through the foundation as well as underground. The chemicals seep "through the foundation of the tailings pond to the subsurface, potentially affecting the quality of
327:(501,461 kg), etc. The company was also ranked as having the seventh highest air releases of combined gases (without VOC) in Canada in 2005. Syncrude's Mildred Lake Plant Site is the largest greenhouse gas emitter in Canada emitting 12,359,420 tonnes of
990:
Wang, Xiaomeng; Robinson, Lisa; Wen, Qing; Kasperski, Kim L (22 May 2013). "Determination of thermodynamic and transport parameters of naphthenic acids and organic process chemicals in oil sand tailings pond water".
442:
1242:
298:
The ownership board must approve all annual operating budgets and proposed capital spending projects, and are required to provide the funding for said activities based on their ownership share.
625:
1131:
939:
410:
Greenpeace chose the
Syncrude site for the protest because in April 2008, 1600 migrating ducks died after landing on a tailings pond at the site (Syncrude was fined $ 3 million.)
1202:
731:
1085:"Syncrude invests $ 200,000 to bring award-winning Science-in-a-crate program: Company also takes naming rights to future Sports and Wellness Centre at Keyano to region"
1063:
1262:
472:
870:
1237:
753:
968:
1084:
1117:"A sub-national public-private strategic alliance for innovation and export development: the case of the Canadian province of Alberta's oil sands"
633:
699:
1026:
681:
437:
1159:
249:
793:
Liggio, J.; Li, S. -M.; Hayden, K.; Darlington, A.; Mittermeier, R. L.; O'Brien, J.; McLaren, R.; Wolde, M.; Worthy, D.; Vogel, F. (2019).
1028:
Oil sands study confirms tailings found in groundwater, river: Federal study shows water from tailings ponds leaching into
Athabasca River
943:
501:
1227:
877:
851:
568:
913:
335:
in 2012. It remains Canada's largest greenhouse-gas emitter in 2021. Research published in 2019 indicated that the intensity of CO
1257:
1217:
1060:
779:
549:
339:
emissions at the
Syncrude Mildred Lake site may be 123% larger than calculations from publicly reported data would indicate.
198:
sites. Including fully realized prospective reserves, current production capacity could be sustained for well over 90 years.
899:
1222:
595:
717:
527:
476:
268:
757:
795:"Measured Canadian oil sands CO2 emissions are higher than estimates made using internationally recommended methods"
1116:
367:
312:
1247:
1232:
1088:
1252:
799:
348:
1193:
807:
389:'s Richard Frank and his team of scientists confirmed that, using new technology, they were able to "
505:
390:
245:, a Chinese state-owned oil company. The sale, for $ 4.65 billion, was completed on June 25, 2010.
190:
295:(7.23%)). As a result, Syncrude is not traded directly, but rather through the individual owners.
386:
194:
64:
869:
Majid, Abdul; Boyko, V.J.; Sparks, Bryan D.; Ripmeester, John A.; Kodama, H. (1 January 1990).
655:
1155:
1008:
893:
833:
447:
252:
smokestack in western Canada, 183 m (600 ft) in height, is located at its facility.
599:
1000:
823:
815:
572:
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359:
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30:
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917:
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425:
328:
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238:
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1211:
363:
292:
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186:
134:
92:
54:
43:
626:"China's Sinopec takes $ 4.65-billion US stake in oilsands with ConocoPhillips buy"
284:
231:
217:
202:
119:
940:"Fact Sheet - Joint Canada-Alberta Implementation Plan for Oil Sands Monitoring"
375:
371:
819:
17:
603:
403:
260:
315:(VOCs) by Syncrude Canada in 2005 were 129,741,321 (kg) in total, including
1012:
837:
178:
29:
This article is about Syncrude Canada Ltd. For synthetic crude oil, see
1004:
969:"Federal study confirms oil sands tailings found in groundwater, river"
682:"Suncor snags majority control of Syncrude with $ 937M Murphy Oil deal"
316:
288:
242:
129:
96:
452:
443:
History of the petroleum industry in Canada (oil sands and heavy oil)
394:"fingerprint chemicals and trace them back to where they came from."
324:
256:
230:
assuming this is average). The cost was $ 8.4 billion, a substantial
182:
700:"Alberta Fire Set to Move Away from Oil-Sands Sites in Wind Shift"
216:
124:
855:
259:
announced that they had reached a $ 937-million deal to acquire
780:"Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators - Canada.ca"
754:"Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators - Canada.ca"
550:"Canadian Environmental Sustainability Indicators - Canada.ca"
1190:
1178:
161:
402:
In August 2008, Syncrude Canada filed a lawsuit against
1132:
Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean
358:, the tailings ponds contain toxic chemicals such as "
1049:
http://www.syncrude.ca/users/folder.asp?FolderID=7789
424:
rights to the Syncrude Sports and Wellness Centre at
271:
forced a complete shutdown of Syncrude's facilities.
1243:
Non-renewable resource companies established in 1964
871:"Characterization of Syncrude Sludge Pond Tailings"
156:
143:
112:
102:
88:
70:
60:
50:
1147:
279:The company is a joint venture by four partners (
656:"ConocoPhillips Sells Syncrude Stake to Sinopec"
1150:The tar sands: Syncrude and the politics of oil
563:
561:
559:
1115:Hester, Annette; Lawrence, Leah (March 2010).
993:Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts
356:Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts
234:over the original estimate of $ 5.7 billion.
8:
880:. Archived from the original on 6 March 2013
502:"Canadian Oil Sands Trust: Syncrude Project"
36:
173:is one of the world's largest producers of
1183:
963:
961:
942:. Environment Canada. 2013. Archived from
381:In an article accepted for publication in
181:and the largest single source producer in
35:
827:
221:Minesite at Syncrude's Mildred Lake plant
1061:"Syncrude sues greenpeace for $ 120,000"
475:. Canada Oil Sands Trust. Archived from
464:
311:Air releases of combined gases without
1263:Canadian companies established in 1964
891:
496:
494:
438:Canadian Centre for Energy Information
7:
1238:Energy companies established in 1964
383:Environmental Science and Technology
878:National Research Council of Canada
362:(NAs) and process chemicals (e.g.,
25:
205:site remains the largest single
42:
632:. 13 April 2010. Archived from
530:. Canada Oil Sands Trust - pg 2
528:"Review of Syncrude Operations"
1:
1087:. 25 May 2005. Archived from
368:quaternary ammonium compounds
343:Oil sands tailings pond water
185:. It is located just outside
1031:, CBC News, 20 February 2014
971:. CTV News. 21 February 2014
914:"Frequently Asked Questions"
241:agreed to sell its share to
594:Janet Mowers (April 2005).
569:"Overview of Growth Stages"
269:2016 Fort McMurray wildfire
76:; 59 years ago
1279:
1228:Companies based in Alberta
820:10.1038/s41467-019-09714-9
571:. Syncrude. Archived from
346:
313:volatile organic compounds
28:
898:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
385:journal in January 2014,
41:
1191:Canadian Oil Sands Trust
1258:ExxonMobil subsidiaries
1218:Oil companies of Canada
854:. COSIA. Archived from
662:. RigZone. 25 June 2010
372:alkylphenol ethoxylates
201:As of 2021, Syncrude's
1203:Pollution Watch Canada
916:. 2013. Archived from
718:"Business Description"
222:
1146:Pratt, Larry (1976).
349:Syncrude Tailings Dam
323:(1,129,425 kg),
319:(4,302,361 kg),
220:
1154:. Edmonton: Hurtig.
209:emitter in Canada.
171:Syncrude Canada Ltd.
37:Syncrude Canada Ltd.
1223:Athabasca oil sands
1196:27 May 2010 at the
1130:. Santiago, Chile:
1072:Fast Forward Weekly
876:. Ottawa, Ontario:
812:2019NatCo..10.1863L
237:On April 12, 2010,
191:Athabasca Oil Sands
145:Number of employees
107:synthetic crude oil
38:
1066:2008-09-18 at the
1005:10.1039/C3EM00089C
636:on 21 January 2014
508:on 19 October 2010
473:"Syncrude Project"
398:Greenpeace lawsuit
387:Environment Canada
261:Murphy Oil Corp.'s
223:
195:nameplate capacity
74:December 1964
1161:978-0-88830-098-0
1074:, August 28, 2008
734:. Pollution Watch
732:"Company Profile"
448:Scotford Upgrader
168:
167:
152:
16:(Redirected from
1270:
1187:
1182:
1181:
1179:Official website
1165:
1153:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1124:Project Document
1121:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1081:
1075:
1059:Jeremy Klaszus,
1057:
1051:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1023:
1017:
1016:
999:(7): 1411–1423.
987:
981:
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978:
976:
965:
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953:
951:
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920:on 29 April 2013
910:
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859:
848:
842:
841:
831:
790:
784:
783:
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770:
769:
767:
765:
756:. Archived from
750:
744:
743:
741:
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728:
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721:
714:
708:
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696:
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689:
688:. 27 April 2016.
678:
672:
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669:
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645:
643:
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616:
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611:
606:on 14 March 2006
602:. Archived from
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582:
580:
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554:
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546:
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518:
517:
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504:. Archived from
498:
489:
488:
486:
484:
479:on 19 April 2010
469:
360:naphthenic acids
164:
150:
84:
82:
77:
46:
39:
21:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1269:
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1208:
1207:
1198:Wayback Machine
1177:
1176:
1173:
1168:
1162:
1145:
1136:
1134:
1119:
1114:
1110:
1108:Further reading
1105:
1104:
1094:
1092:
1091:on 10 June 2013
1083:
1082:
1078:
1068:Wayback Machine
1058:
1054:
1047:
1043:
1034:
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1024:
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858:on 5 June 2024.
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364:alkyl sulphates
351:
345:
338:
332:
309:
304:
277:
255:In April 2016,
215:
175:synthetic crude
160:
146:
139:
80:
78:
75:
34:
31:synthetic crude
23:
22:
18:Syncrude Canada
15:
12:
11:
5:
1276:
1274:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1248:Joint ventures
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1188:
1172:
1171:External links
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1052:
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785:
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723:
709:
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673:
647:
617:
586:
575:on 6 July 2011
555:
541:
519:
490:
463:
462:
460:
457:
456:
455:
450:
445:
440:
433:
430:
426:Keyano College
420:
419:Keyano College
417:
415:
412:
399:
396:
347:Main article:
344:
341:
336:
330:
321:sulphuric acid
308:
305:
303:
300:
276:
273:
250:second tallest
239:ConocoPhillips
214:
211:
207:greenhouse gas
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1233:Fort McMurray
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986:
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964:
962:
958:
946:on 5 May 2017
945:
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935:
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865:
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821:
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796:
789:
786:
781:
775:
772:
760:on 4 May 2017
759:
755:
749:
746:
733:
727:
724:
719:
713:
710:
706:. 8 May 2016.
705:
704:Bloomberg.com
701:
695:
692:
687:
683:
677:
674:
661:
660:Press Release
657:
651:
648:
635:
631:
630:Vancouver Sun
627:
621:
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326:
322:
318:
314:
306:
302:Controversies
301:
299:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
281:Suncor Energy
274:
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187:Fort McMurray
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135:Suncor Energy
133:
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93:Fort McMurray
91:
87:
73:
69:
66:
63:
59:
56:
55:Joint Venture
53:
49:
45:
40:
32:
27:
19:
1253:Imperial Oil
1149:
1135:. Retrieved
1127:
1123:
1093:. Retrieved
1089:the original
1079:
1071:
1055:
1044:
1033:, retrieved
1027:
1021:
996:
992:
985:
973:. Retrieved
948:. Retrieved
944:the original
934:
922:. Retrieved
918:the original
908:
882:. Retrieved
864:
856:the original
846:
803:
800:Nat. Commun.
798:
788:
774:
762:. Retrieved
758:the original
748:
736:. Retrieved
726:
712:
703:
694:
685:
676:
664:. Retrieved
659:
650:
638:. Retrieved
634:the original
629:
620:
608:. Retrieved
604:the original
596:"Gearing up"
589:
577:. Retrieved
573:the original
544:
534:16 September
532:. Retrieved
522:
510:. Retrieved
506:the original
481:. Retrieved
477:the original
467:
422:
414:Sponsorships
409:
401:
382:
380:
355:
352:
310:
297:
291:(9.03%) and
285:Imperial Oil
278:
266:
254:
247:
236:
232:cost overrun
228:
224:
203:Mildred Lake
200:
193:, and has a
170:
169:
120:Imperial Oil
89:Headquarters
51:Company type
26:
1095:22 February
1035:22 February
975:22 February
950:22 February
924:22 February
806:(1): 1863.
391:fingerprint
376:groundwater
162:syncrude.ca
1212:Categories
852:"Tailings"
459:References
404:Greenpeace
333:equivalent
283:(58.74%),
764:28 August
307:Pollution
275:Ownership
179:oil sands
177:oil from
65:Petroleum
1194:Archived
1064:Archived
1013:23736740
894:cite web
838:31015411
686:CTV News
610:13 April
579:13 April
512:13 April
432:See also
103:Products
61:Industry
884:30 July
829:6478833
808:Bibcode
666:25 June
640:1 April
600:Oilweek
317:ammonia
289:Sinopec
287:(25%),
243:Sinopec
213:History
189:in the
157:Website
130:Sinopec
97:Alberta
81:1964-12
79: (
71:Founded
1158:
1011:
836:
826:
483:9 July
453:Suncor
370:, and
325:xylene
257:Suncor
183:Canada
151:(2009)
149:5,600
1137:3 May
1120:(PDF)
874:(PDF)
738:5 May
293:CNOOC
125:Nexen
113:Owner
1156:ISBN
1139:2021
1097:2014
1037:2014
1009:PMID
977:2014
952:2014
926:2014
900:link
886:2023
834:PMID
766:2014
740:2008
668:2010
642:2012
612:2010
581:2010
536:2009
514:2010
485:2009
267:The
248:The
1128:292
1001:doi
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