241:
86:
are the three largest worldwide producers of synthetic crude with a cumulative production of approximately 600,000 barrels per day (95,000 m/d). The NewGrade Energy
Upgrader became operational in 1988, and was the first upgrader in Canada, now part of the
121:
67:
source is upgraded into a transportable form. Synthetic crude is then shipped to oil refineries where it is refined into finished products. Synthetic crude may also be mixed, as a diluent, with heavy oil to create
208:
196:
220:
278:
72:. Synbit is more viscous than synthetic crude, but can also be a less expensive alternative for transporting heavy oil to a conventional refinery.
116:
312:
205:
95:
83:
193:
161:
56:. The properties of the synthetic crude depend on the processes used in the upgrading. Typically, it is low in sulfur and has an
217:
271:
307:
302:
297:
94:"Synthetic crude" may also refer to crude-like hydrocarbon mixes generated from other processes. Examples are
264:
88:
229:
165:
64:
126:
248:
99:
224:
212:
200:
169:
28:
291:
79:
24:
20:
111:
57:
247:
This article related to natural gas, petroleum or the petroleum industry is a
53:
50:
46:
42:
240:
63:
Synthetic crude is an intermediate product produced when an extra-heavy or
136:
75:
38:
230:
Scientists find bugs that eat waste and excrete petrol - Times Online
131:
122:
History of the petroleum industry in Canada (oil sands and heavy oil)
69:
252:
16:
Bitumen or extra heavy crude oil upgraded for transport
162:"Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan - HEAVY OIL UPGRADERS"
60:
of around 30. It is also known as "upgraded crude".
272:
37:is the output from a bitumen/extra heavy oil
8:
279:
265:
218:Muskeg River Mine (Shell Canada website)
194:Scotford Upgrader (Shell Canada website)
206:Scotford Complex (Shell Canada website)
148:
117:Canadian Centre for Energy Information
7:
237:
235:
156:
154:
152:
251:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
96:manure-derived synthetic crude oil
84:Canadian Natural Resources Limited
14:
45:production. It may also refer to
41:facility used in connection with
239:
1:
313:Petroleum industry in Canada
329:
234:
18:
19:Not to be confused with
89:CCRL Refinery Complex
166:University of Regina
49:, an output from an
223:2007-12-13 at the
211:2007-12-12 at the
199:2007-12-27 at the
80:Suncor Energy Inc.
65:unconventional oil
260:
259:
127:Scotford Upgrader
320:
308:Bituminous sands
281:
274:
267:
243:
236:
181:
180:
178:
177:
168:. Archived from
158:
328:
327:
323:
322:
321:
319:
318:
317:
303:Synthetic fuels
298:Petroleum stubs
288:
287:
286:
285:
225:Wayback Machine
213:Wayback Machine
201:Wayback Machine
190:
185:
184:
175:
173:
172:on 5 March 2016
160:
159:
150:
145:
108:
76:Syncrude Canada
35:Synthetic crude
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
326:
324:
316:
315:
310:
305:
300:
290:
289:
284:
283:
276:
269:
261:
258:
257:
244:
233:
232:
227:
215:
203:
189:
188:External links
186:
183:
182:
147:
146:
144:
141:
140:
139:
134:
129:
124:
119:
114:
107:
104:
29:synthetic fuel
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
325:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
295:
293:
282:
277:
275:
270:
268:
263:
262:
256:
254:
250:
245:
242:
238:
231:
228:
226:
222:
219:
216:
214:
210:
207:
204:
202:
198:
195:
192:
191:
187:
171:
167:
163:
157:
155:
153:
149:
142:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
118:
115:
113:
110:
109:
105:
103:
101:
97:
92:
90:
85:
81:
77:
73:
71:
66:
61:
59:
55:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
30:
26:
25:synthetic oil
22:
21:pyrolysis oil
253:expanding it
246:
174:. Retrieved
170:the original
112:Albian Sands
93:
74:
62:
34:
33:
58:API gravity
292:Categories
176:2011-08-07
143:References
100:greencrude
54:pyrolysis
51:oil shale
47:shale oil
221:Archived
209:Archived
197:Archived
137:Syncrude
106:See also
43:oil sand
39:upgrader
132:Suncor
82:, and
70:synbit
27:, or
249:stub
98:and
91:.
294::
164:.
151:^
102:.
78:,
23:,
280:e
273:t
266:v
255:.
179:.
31:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.