459:
554:
approaches. While functionalists tend to look into semantics and pragmatics for explanations of syntactic phenomena, formalists try to limit such explanations within syntax itself. Aside from syntax, other aspects of grammar have been studied in terms of how they interact with semantics; which can be
599:, in their 1997 monographic study, found that the more semantically motivated or driven a syntactic phenomena is, the more it tends to be typologically universal, that is, to show less cross-linguistic variation.
1900:
647:. Other formal frameworks take the opposite approach, assuming that such relationships are established by the rules of semantic interpretation themselves. In such systems, the rules include mechanisms such as
1097:(1992) Introduction in Beth Levin & Steven Pinker (1992, Eds) Lexical & conceptual semantics. (A Cognition Special Issue) Cambridge, MA and Oxford: Blackwell, 1991. Pp. 244.
1157:. In B. Dancygier (Ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics (Cambridge Handbooks in Language and Linguistics, pp. 246–261). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1153:
581:
and
Rappaport Hovav, in their 1995 monograph, reiterated that there are some aspects of verb meaning that are relevant to syntax, and others that are not, as previously noted by
678:
By the 1960s, syntax had become a major area of study, and some researchers began examining semantics as well. In this period, the most prominent view of the interface was the
515:. Its study encompasses phenomena that pertain to both syntax and semantics, with the goal of explaining correlations between form and meaning. Specific topics include
693:
was the level of syntactic representation which underwent semantic interpretation. This assumption was upended by data involving quantifiers, which showed that
2921:
1337:
2210:
623:. There are several formal views of the syntax–semantics interface which differ in what they take to be the inputs and outputs of this mapping. In the
2684:
2901:
726:
486:
376:
1058:
921:
has been that "syntactic properties of phrases reflect, in large part, the meanings of the words that head them" (Levin& Pinker, 1992)
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2219:
1067:
917:
Since the 1970s, as a response to syntactic-oriented approaches like
Chomsky's generativism, the assumption underlying many studies on
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62:
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1982:
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667:, since neither syntax nor semantics was an active area of research. This neglect was due in part to the influence of
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142:
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approaches, research on the syntax–semantics interface has been aimed at disproving the formalist argument of the
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701:, a variety of competing notions of the interface were developed, many of which live on in present-day work.
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Tenny, C. (1994). Aspectual roles and the syntax-semantics interface (Vol. 52). Dordrecht: Kluwer.
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Van Valin (2005), ch.5 "Linking syntactic and semantic representations in simple sentences" p.128
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are represented unambiguously, having been determined by syntactic operations such as
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Jackendoff, R. (1997). The architecture of the language faculty (No. 28). MIT Press.
2810:
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84:
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1118:"A brief history of the syntax-semantics interface in Western formal linguistics"
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1817:
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1506:
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585:. Levin and Rappaport Hovav isolated such aspects focusing on the phenomenon of
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42:
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2010:
1934:
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1146:
Learnability and
Cognition, new edition: The Acquisition of Argument Structure
1075:
1030:
675:
in psychology, that viewed hypotheses about linguistic meaning as untestable.
631:, the input is taken to be a special level of syntactic representation called
620:
416:
99:
663:
Before the 1950s, there was no discussion of a syntax–semantics interface in
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532:
391:
386:
222:
212:
104:
94:
1253:
Compositional semantics: An introduction to the syntax/semantics interface
2587:
2376:
2156:
2151:
575:, by finding instances of semantically determined syntactic structures.
2141:
1857:
1462:
1378:
2119:
1804:
1496:
1476:
508:
109:
2452:
1062:, Edited by Keil & Wilson (1999) Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
1142:
Learnability and cognition: The acquisition of argument structure
1442:
1355:
2192:
1319:
1308:, in Fleischhauer, J., Latrouite, A., & Osswald, R. (2016)
948:
Levin & Rappaport Hovav (1995) ch.5 p.179, Afterword p.279
1224:, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press 1967, pp. 97–121.
589:
that is "semantically determined and syntactically encoded".
1296:
The Role of the
Lexicon in the Syntax–Semantics Interface
1106:
Unaccusativity: At the syntax–lexical semantics interface
2828:
2713:
2617:
2610:
2405:
2314:
2307:
2226:
2085:
2047:
2009:
1981:
1856:
1803:
1725:
1515:
1450:
1441:
1354:
635:. At logical form, semantic relationships such as
546:The interface is conceived of very differently in
895:
893:
2685:Segmented discourse representation theory (SDRT)
814:
812:
1312:(pp. 57–76). düsseldorf university press.
1310:Explorations of the syntax-semantics interface
1059:The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences
2204:
1331:
985:
983:
981:
830:
828:
826:
824:
480:
8:
1086:. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell. pp. 194–198.
1025:(2 ed.). Wiley Blackwell. Section 4.3.
930:Levin & Rappaport Hovav (1995) ch.1 p. 9
856:
854:
852:
842:
840:
555:observed by the existence of terms such as
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2311:
2211:
2197:
2189:
1447:
1338:
1324:
1316:
487:
473:
29:
1299:. Annual Review of Linguistics, 6, 67–87.
1203:Exploring the syntax-semantics interface
1179:Syntax: Structure, meaning, and function
1021:. In Lappin, Shalom; Fox, Chris (eds.).
27:Interaction between syntax and semantics
808:
41:
1237:, Levin, B., & Pinker, S. (1991).
1220:66(2): 143–160. Reprinted as ch. 4 of
2640:Discourse representation theory (DRT)
727:Colorless green ideas sleep furiously
7:
1103:, & Rappaport Hovav, M. (1995).
377:Conservative and innovative language
2922:Formal semantics (natural language)
2553:Quantificational variability effect
2220:Formal semantics (natural language)
1302:Yi, E., & Koenig, J. P. (2016)
1305:Why verb meaning matters to syntax
1023:Handbook of Contemporary Semantics
860:Levin & Rappaport Hovav (1995)
25:
1239:Lexical and conceptual semantics
557:morphosyntax–semantics interface
457:
1084:Semantics in Generative Grammar
697:can affect meaning. During the
2635:Combinatory categorial grammar
1206:, Cambridge University Press.
1068:The syntax–semantics interface
869:Van Valin & LaPolla (1997)
627:model commonly adopted within
1:
2413:Antecedent-contained deletion
1181:. Cambridge University Press.
717:Antecedent-contained deletion
619:from syntactic structures to
317:Functional discourse grammar
183:Ethnography of communication
1255:. Oxford University Press.
1191:The handbook of linguistics
1184:Van Valin Jr, R. D. (2003)
507:is the interaction between
437:Second-language acquisition
2938:
2902:Syntax–semantics interface
2294:Syntax–semantics interface
2173:Syntax–semantics interface
1222:Linguistics and Philosophy
1125:Semantics-Syntax Interface
1109:. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
1053:Syntax-semantics interface
752:Role and reference grammar
505:syntax–semantics interface
115:Syntax–semantics interface
18:Syntax-semantics interface
2786:Question under discussion
2736:Conversational scoreboard
2513:Intersective modification
2498:Homogeneity (linguistics)
1163:10.1017/9781316339732.017
1031:10.1002/9781118882139.ch2
966:Heim & Kratzer (1998)
747:Morphosyntactic alignment
695:syntactic transformations
427:Philosophy of linguistics
327:Interactional linguistics
2846:Distributional semantics
1593:Exceptional case-marking
1218:The Philosophical Review
1056:, pp. 824–826, in:
712:Active–stative alignment
563:Functionalist approaches
2841:Computational semantics
2578:Subsective modification
2382:Propositional attitudes
1144:. New edition in 2013:
757:Selection (linguistics)
613:semantic interpretation
2871:Philosophy of language
2508:Inalienable possession
2488:Free choice inferences
2483:Faultless disagreement
2254:Generalized quantifier
1399:Initial-stress-derived
1276:The Generative Lexicon
1186:Functional linguistics
722:Coercion (linguistics)
629:generative linguistics
264:Theoretical frameworks
218:Philosophy of language
198:History of linguistics
2766:Plural quantification
2660:Inquisitive semantics
2625:Alternative semantics
1910:Inclusive / Exclusive
1071:. Lingua, 130, 66–87.
989:Partee (2014).pp.2, 6
908:Van Valin 2003, p.334
899:Van Valin (2005) p.67
742:Form-meaning mismatch
533:nominal individuation
158:Conversation analysis
2751:Function application
2558:Responsive predicate
2548:Privative adjectives
1293:Wechsler, S. (2020)
1198:Van Valin, R. D. Jr.
1171:Van Valin, R. D. Jr.
787:Split intransitivity
665:American linguistics
402:Internet linguistics
312:Construction grammar
2836:Cognitive semantics
2801:Strawson entailment
2746:Existential closure
2690:Situation semantics
2593:Temperature paradox
2563:Rising declaratives
2528:Modal subordination
2503:Hurford disjunction
2463:Discourse relations
1790:Relative subsective
1683:Regular / Irregular
1528:Andative / Venitive
1364:Abstract / Concrete
1194:, pp. 319–336.
689:according to which
537:semantic macroroles
527:properties such as
337:Systemic functional
132:Applied linguistics
74:General linguistics
2881:Semantics of logic
2806:Strict conditional
2776:Quantifier raising
2741:Downward entailing
2721:Autonomy of syntax
2650:Generative grammar
2630:Categorial grammar
2568:Scalar implicature
2473:Epistemic modality
2448:De dicto and de re
1349:and their features
1347:Lexical categories
1271:Pustejovsky, James
1151:Taylor, J. (2017)
669:logical positivism
645:quantifier raising
573:autonomy of syntax
442:Theory of language
412:Origin of language
367:Autonomy of syntax
322:Grammaticalization
168:Discourse analysis
163:Corpus linguistics
2917:Generative syntax
2889:
2888:
2861:Logic translation
2824:
2823:
2816:Universal grinder
2796:Squiggle operator
2756:Meaning postulate
2695:Supervaluationism
2665:Intensional logic
2645:Dynamic semantics
2606:
2605:
2438:Crossover effects
2387:Tense–aspect–mood
2367:Lexical semantics
2186:
2185:
1991:Casally modulated
1896:Formal / Informal
1785:Pure intersective
1735:Anti-intersective
1721:
1720:
1668:Preterite-present
1249:Jacobson, Pauline
1154:Lexical Semantics
1080:Kratzer, Angelika
1065:Hackl, M. (2013)
919:lexical semantics
792:Thematic relation
782:Shifting (syntax)
777:Semantic property
603:Formal approaches
497:
496:
285:Distributionalism
228:Psycholinguistics
16:(Redirected from
2929:
2866:Linguistics wars
2791:Semantic parsing
2680:Montague grammar
2615:
2458:Deontic modality
2312:
2299:Truth conditions
2234:Compositionality
2227:Central concepts
2213:
2206:
2199:
2190:
1765:Non-intersective
1448:
1340:
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1326:
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847:
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835:
832:
819:
818:Chierchia (1999)
816:
767:Semantic feature
732:Compositionality
699:linguistics wars
625:Heim and Kratzer
609:formal semantics
525:lexical semantic
489:
482:
475:
461:
407:LGBT linguistics
397:Internationalism
372:Compositionality
233:Sociolinguistics
208:Neurolinguistics
203:Interlinguistics
188:Ethnomethodology
30:
21:
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2931:
2930:
2928:
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2926:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2885:
2820:
2709:
2670:Lambda calculus
2602:
2573:Sloppy identity
2533:Opaque contexts
2468:Donkey anaphora
2433:Counterfactuals
2401:
2303:
2222:
2217:
2187:
2182:
2081:
2043:
2005:
1977:
1905:Gender-specific
1852:
1799:
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1603:Germanic strong
1511:
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1287:
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1247:
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1229:Further reading
1214:Verbs and times
1120:
1114:Partee, Barbara
1112:
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772:Semantic primes
707:
661:
653:dynamic binding
615:is viewed as a
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362:
354:
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252:Writing systems
143:Anthropological
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28:
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5:
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2856:Inferentialism
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2851:Formal grammar
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2771:Possible world
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2655:Glue semantics
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2618:Formal systems
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2543:Polarity items
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2428:Conservativity
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2392:Quantification
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2147:Procedure word
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2105:Complementizer
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1866:Bound variable
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1523:Ambitransitive
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1291:
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1245:
1242:
1235:Jackendoff, R.
1230:
1227:
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1225:
1207:
1195:
1182:
1175:LaPolla, R. J.
1168:
1165:
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1135:
1110:
1098:
1088:
1072:
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1045:
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1003:
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991:
977:
968:
959:
950:
941:
932:
923:
910:
901:
889:
880:
878:Vendler (1957)
871:
862:
848:
836:
820:
807:
805:
802:
800:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
762:Semantic class
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
708:
706:
703:
691:deep structure
660:
657:
604:
601:
587:unaccusativity
564:
561:
541:unaccusativity
495:
494:
492:
491:
484:
477:
469:
466:
465:
454:
453:
450:
449:
444:
439:
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432:Prescriptivism
429:
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409:
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394:
389:
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55:
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39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2934:
2923:
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2900:
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2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2538:Performatives
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2518:Logophoricity
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
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2494:
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2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2352:Evidentiality
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
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2310:
2306:
2300:
2297:
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2290:
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2282:
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2277:
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2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2214:
2209:
2207:
2202:
2200:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2062:Interrogative
2060:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2029:Interrogative
2027:
2025:
2024:Demonstrative
2022:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1974:
1973:Prepositional
1970:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1960:Strong / Weak
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1925:Interrogative
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1871:Demonstrative
1869:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1838:Prepositional
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1828:Interrogative
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1750:Demonstrative
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1724:
1714:
1711:
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1704:
1701:
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1689:
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1679:
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1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1608:Germanic weak
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1598:Frequentative
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1538:Autocausative
1536:
1534:
1533:Anticausative
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1502:Transgressive
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1469:
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1410:
1407:
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1400:
1397:
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1348:
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1322:
1321:
1318:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1288:
1286:9780262661409
1282:
1279:. MIT Press.
1278:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1262:9780199677153
1258:
1254:
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1073:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1048:Chierchia, G.
1046:
1042:
1040:9781118882139
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1017:
1013:
1012:Barker, Chris
1009:
1008:
1004:
998:Taylor (2017)
995:
992:
986:
984:
982:
978:
972:
969:
963:
960:
954:
951:
945:
942:
936:
933:
927:
924:
920:
914:
911:
905:
902:
896:
894:
890:
884:
881:
875:
872:
866:
863:
857:
855:
853:
849:
843:
841:
837:
834:Partee (2014)
831:
829:
827:
825:
821:
815:
813:
809:
803:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
709:
704:
702:
700:
696:
692:
688:
686:
682:
676:
674:
670:
666:
658:
656:
654:
650:
649:type shifting
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
602:
600:
598:
594:
590:
588:
584:
583:Steven Pinker
580:
576:
574:
570:
569:functionalist
562:
560:
558:
553:
552:functionalist
549:
544:
542:
538:
534:
530:
529:verbal aspect
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
490:
485:
483:
478:
476:
471:
470:
468:
467:
464:
460:
456:
455:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
382:Descriptivism
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
364:
358:
357:
350:
349:Structuralism
347:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
332:Prague circle
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
304:
303:
300:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
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271:
268:
267:
261:
260:
253:
250:
248:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
178:Documentation
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
153:Computational
151:
149:
146:
144:
141:
139:
136:
135:
129:
128:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
78:
77:
71:
70:
64:
61:
59:
56:
54:
51:
50:
48:
47:
44:
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
2811:Type shifter
2781:Quantization
2731:Continuation
2598:Veridicality
2478:Exhaustivity
2443:Cumulativity
2362:Indexicality
2342:Definiteness
2337:Conditionals
2293:
2264:Logical form
2172:
2161:Pro-sentence
2135:Onomatopoeia
2125:Interjection
2098:Measure word
1881:Distributive
1775:Postpositive
1755:Intersective
1708:Unaccusative
1653:Performative
1623:Intransitive
1583:Ditransitive
1409:Noun adjunct
1309:
1303:
1294:
1275:
1252:
1238:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1201:
1189:
1188:, ch. 13 in
1185:
1178:
1152:
1148:. MIT press.
1145:
1141:
1128:
1124:
1104:
1083:
1066:
1057:
1051:
1022:
994:
975:Baker (2015)
971:
962:
953:
944:
935:
926:
913:
904:
887:Tenny (1994)
883:
874:
865:
846:Hackl (2013)
797:Type shifter
679:
677:
662:
633:logical form
624:
606:
591:
577:
566:
556:
545:
504:
498:
295:Glossematics
275:Constituency
247:interpreting
114:
85:Lexicography
2726:Context set
2700:Type theory
2583:Subtrigging
2347:Disjunction
2274:Proposition
2110:Conjunction
1876:Disjunctive
1813:Conjunctive
1760:Nominalized
1663:Predicative
1507:Verbal noun
1458:Attributive
1210:Vendler, Z.
1076:Heim, Irene
939:Pinker 1989
737:David Dowty
673:behaviorism
621:denotations
501:linguistics
447:Terminology
422:Orthography
342:Usage-based
243:Translating
138:Acquisition
43:Linguistics
2896:Categories
2876:Pragmatics
2523:Mirativity
2289:Speech act
2244:Entailment
2239:Denotation
2178:Yes and no
2093:Classifier
2077:Possessive
2039:Quantifier
2034:Possessive
2011:Determiner
1983:Adposition
1955:Resumptive
1940:Reciprocal
1935:Possessive
1915:Indefinite
1843:Pronominal
1795:Subsective
1770:Possessive
1740:Collateral
1713:Unergative
1703:Transitive
1618:Inchoative
1613:Impersonal
1553:Catenative
1492:Participle
1487:Infinitive
1419:Relational
1389:Collective
1369:Adjectival
1138:Pinker, S.
1131:(1): 1–20.
1095:Pinker, S.
1005:References
687:Hypothesis
417:Orismology
302:Functional
290:Generative
280:Dependency
100:Pragmatics
90:Morphology
80:Diachronic
2907:Semantics
2675:Mereology
2611:Formalism
2493:Givenness
2418:Cataphora
2406:Phenomena
2397:Vagueness
2327:Ambiguity
2279:Reference
2259:Intension
2249:Extension
2168:Prop-word
2130:Ideophone
2057:Discourse
1996:Inflected
1945:Reflexive
1920:Intensive
1727:Adjective
1698:Stretched
1688:Separable
1678:Reflexive
1573:Denominal
1568:Defective
1548:Captative
1543:Auxiliary
1482:Gerundive
1472:Nonfinite
1394:Countable
1101:Levin, B.
1091:Levin, B.
593:Van Valin
548:formalist
513:semantics
392:Iconicity
387:Etymology
307:Cognitive
270:Formalist
223:Phonetics
213:Philology
105:Semantics
95:Phonology
2829:See also
2714:Concepts
2588:Telicity
2423:Coercion
2377:Negation
2372:Modality
2322:Anaphora
2157:Pro-verb
2152:Pro-form
2049:Particle
2001:Stranded
1950:Relative
1930:Personal
1848:Relative
1833:Locative
1823:Genitive
1648:Negative
1578:Deponent
1558:Compound
1273:(1995).
1251:(2014).
1200:(2005).
1177:(1997)
1116:(2014).
1093:, &
1082:(1998).
1014:(2015).
705:See also
193:Forensic
173:Distance
120:Typology
35:a series
33:Part of
2332:Binding
2142:Preverb
2019:Article
1965:Subject
1858:Pronoun
1693:Stative
1658:Phrasal
1633:Lexical
1588:Dynamic
1563:Copular
1463:Converb
1379:Animacy
1212:(1957)
1140:(1989)
1050:(1999)
1016:"Scope"
659:History
641:binding
617:mapping
597:LaPolla
567:Within
521:binding
148:Applied
58:History
53:Outline
2912:Syntax
2761:Monads
2308:Topics
2120:Coverb
2115:Copula
1969:Object
1886:Donkey
1805:Adverb
1780:Proper
1745:Common
1628:Labile
1497:Supine
1477:Gerund
1468:Finite
1433:Verbal
1424:Strong
1414:Proper
1283:
1259:
1173:&
1037:
685:Postal
539:, and
523:, and
509:syntax
503:, the
463:Portal
361:Topics
110:Syntax
2453:De se
2357:Focus
2315:Areas
2284:Scope
2086:Other
2067:Modal
1891:Dummy
1643:Modal
1638:Light
1516:Types
1451:Forms
1374:Agent
1121:(PDF)
1019:(PDF)
804:Notes
637:scope
579:Levin
517:scope
63:Index
2072:Noun
1818:Flat
1673:Pure
1443:Verb
1428:Weak
1404:Mass
1384:Bare
1356:Noun
1281:ISBN
1257:ISBN
1035:ISBN
681:Katz
671:and
651:and
639:and
595:and
550:and
531:and
511:and
245:and
238:Text
2705:TTR
1216:in
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