31:
330:
310:. A major purpose of the partitioning is to arrange the elements in the sub systems so that there is a minimum of interdependencies needed among them. In both software and hardware, a good sub system tends to be seen to be a meaningful "object". Moreover, a good architecture provides for an easy mapping to the user's requirements and the
273:
deals (more or less) exclusively with the computer program; and the systems engineer is responsible for seeing that the program is capable of properly running within the hardware device, and that the system composed of the two entities is capable of properly interacting with its external environment,
254:
is impotent; even as a software artifact, or program, is equally impotent unless it can be used to alter the sequential states of a suitable (hardware) machine. However, a hardware machine and its programming can be designed to perform an almost illimitable number of abstract and physical tasks.
255:
Within the computer and software engineering disciplines (and, often, other engineering disciplines, such as communications), then, the term system came to be defined as containing all of the elements necessary (which generally includes both hardware and software) to perform a useful function.
123:. If documented, it may include information such as a detailed inventory of current hardware, software and networking capabilities; a description of long-range plans and priorities for future purchases, and a plan for upgrading and/or replacing dated equipment and software.
136:
One can think of system architecture as a set of representations of an existing (or future) system. These representations initially describe a general, high-level functional organization, and are progressively refined to more detailed and concrete descriptions.
264:
is defined as one concerned with the complete device, both hardware and software and, more particularly, all of the interfaces of the device, including that between hardware and software, and especially between the complete device and its user (the CHI). The
115:
An architecture consists of the most important, pervasive, top-level, strategic inventions, decisions, and their associated rationales about the overall structure (i.e., essential elements and their relationships) and associated characteristics and
111:
An allocated arrangement of physical elements which provides the design solution for a consumer product or life-cycle process intended to satisfy the requirements of the functional architecture and the requirements
77:
and the sub-systems developed, that will work together to implement the overall system. There have been efforts to formalize languages to describe system architecture, collectively these are called
279:
A systems architecture makes use of elements of both software and hardware and is used to enable the design of such a composite system. A good architecture may be viewed as a 'partitioning
834:. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. Vol. 416. Cham: Springer International Publishing. pp. 708–720.
230:
Systems architecture depends heavily on practices and techniques which were developed over thousands of years in many other fields, perhaps the most important being civil architecture.
93:
The fundamental organization of a system, embodied in its components, their relationships to each other and to the environment, and the principles governing its design and evolution.
234:
Prior to the advent of digital computers, the electronics and other engineering disciplines used the term "system" as it is still commonly used today. However, with the arrival of
620:
148:
governing those relationships. The architectural components and set of relationships between these components that an architecture description may consist of hardware,
419:
409:
601:
242:
as a separate discipline, it was often necessary to distinguish among engineered hardware artifacts, software artifacts, and the combined artifacts. A
404:
955:
Markusheska, Nastasija; Srinivasan, Venkatachalam; Walther, Jan-Niclas; Gindorf, Alex; Biedermann, Jörn; Meller, Frank; Nagel, Björn (2022-07-01).
260:
Consequently, within these engineering disciplines, a system generally refers to a programmable hardware machine and its included program. And a
934:
892:
847:
802:
759:
539:
62:. An architecture description is a formal description and representation of a system, organized in a way that supports reasoning about the
505:
132:
The structure of components, their interrelationships, and the principles and guidelines governing their design and evolution over time.
380:
78:
414:
1003:
617:
1036:
1061:
307:
1051:
1056:
668:
156:
360:
Several types of systems architectures (underlain by the same fundamental principles) have been identified as follows:
311:
187:
495:." Proceedings of the 8th international workshop on software specification and design. IEEE Computer Society, 1996.
314:
of the user's requirements. Ideally, a mapping also exists from every least element to every requirement and test.
180:
597:
126:
A formal description of a system, or a detailed plan of the system at component level to guide its implementation.
877:
Fundamentals of
Enterprise Architecture Management: Foundations for Steering the Enterprise-Wide Digital System
203:
172:
374:
303:
434:
429:
399:
369:
364:
198:
because a sequence of steps is prescribed to produce or to change the architecture of a system within a
105:
101:
478:
Hannu Jaakkoррмшлинla and
Bernhard Thalheim. (2011) "Architecture-driven modelling methodologies." In:
266:
526:, Space Technology Library, vol. 41, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 187–197,
439:
424:
280:
459:
986:
853:
827:
808:
765:
97:
723:
524:
Introduction to
Satellite Ground Segment Systems Engineering: Principles and Operational Aspects
30:
978:
930:
888:
879:, The Enterprise Engineering Series, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 23–60,
843:
798:
755:
727:
708:
535:
444:
270:
239:
235:
199:
171:. (In the specific case of computer systems, this latter, special, interface is known as the
190:(SAE) - the method and discipline for effectively implementing the architecture of a system:
1031:
968:
922:
880:
835:
790:
747:
696:
527:
449:
261:
251:
243:
168:
152:, documentation, facilities, manual procedures, or roles played by organizations or people.
43:
784:
741:
492:
167:, and on the interface(s) between the system and its external environment, especially the
957:"Implementing a system architecture model for automated aircraft cabin assembly processes"
672:
624:
605:
506:
A classification and comparison framework for software architecture description languages.
120:
454:
329:
129:
The composite of the design architectures for products and their life-cycle processes.
1045:
990:
857:
812:
769:
96:
A representation of a system, including a mapping of functionality onto hardware and
480:
Proceedings of the 2011 conference on
Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases XXII
218:
89:
Various organizations can define systems architecture in different ways, including:
1026:
287:, which partitions all of the system's present and foreseeable requirements into a
17:
839:
531:
926:
884:
292:
141:
973:
519:
914:
872:
794:
751:
637:
299:
221:
as to the most effective way to design the system within a set of constraints.
160:
55:
982:
956:
919:
SAP Enterprise
Architecture: A Blueprint for Executing Digital Transformation
665:
567:
295:
288:
284:
214:
63:
47:
145:
913:
Musukutwa, Sheunopa
Chalmers (2022), Musukutwa, Sheunopa Chalmers (ed.),
247:
149:
67:
51:
144:
consisting of a system, the relationships among those elements, and the
298:
with nothing left over. That is, it is a partitioning scheme which is
164:
74:
59:
684:
649:
29:
661:
564:
560:
508:" Software Engineering, IEEE Transactions on 26.1 (2000): 70-93.
269:
deals (more or less) exclusively with the hardware device; the
324:
155:
A system architecture primarily concentrates on the internal
140:
System architecture conveys the informational content of the
1021:
695:
The Method
Framework for Engineering System Architectures,
379:
Collaborative systems architectures (such as the
Internet,
34:
Example of a high-level systems architecture for a computer
274:
especially the user, and performing its intended function.
828:"Software Architecture Evolution and Technology Research"
826:
Zeng, Ruiqi; Niu, Yiru; Zhao, Yue; Peng, Haiyang (2022).
584:
341:
638:
The
National Center for Education Statistics glossary
580:
710:The fundamental principles of Systems Architecture
482:. Anneli Heimbürger et al. (eds). IOS Press. p. 98
504:Nenad Medvidovic and Richard N. Taylor (2000). "
493:A survey of architecture description languages
183:; formerly called the man-machine interface.)
119:A description of the design and contents of a
108:, and human interaction with these components.
8:
420:Enterprise information security architecture
410:Department of Defense Architecture Framework
186:One can contrast a system architecture with
73:A system architecture can consist of system
871:Ziemann, Jörg (2022), Ziemann, Jörg (ed.),
598:The Human Engineering Home Page's Glossary
1032:INCOSE Systems Architecture Working Group
1005:Choosing A Strategic Systems Architecture
972:
743:From Algorithms to Hardware Architectures
518:Nejad, Bobby (2023), Nejad, Bobby (ed.),
921:, Berkeley, CA: Apress, pp. 51–92,
405:Architectural pattern (computer science)
915:"Developing an Enterprise Architecture"
873:"Enterprise Architecture in a Nutshell"
618:OPEN Process Framework (OPF) Repository
471:
832:Advanced Hybrid Information Processing
7:
830:. In Liu, Shuai; Ma, Xuefei (eds.).
1027:What is Systems Architecture ?
386:Manufacturing systems architectures
381:intelligent transportation systems
79:architecture description languages
25:
1022:Principles of system architecture
722:The Art of Systems Architecture,
415:Enterprise architecture framework
786:Software Architecture by Example
383:, and joint air defense systems)
328:
1037:Journal of Systems Architecture
188:system architecture engineering
585:Software Engineering Institute
389:Strategic systems architecture
1:
179:human computer interface, or
840:10.1007/978-3-030-94551-0_54
532:10.1007/978-3-031-15900-8_13
27:Conceptual model of a system
927:10.1007/978-1-4842-8575-6_3
885:10.1007/978-3-030-96734-5_2
520:"The Physical Architecture"
1078:
974:10.1007/s13272-022-00582-6
581:Carnegie Mellon University
491:Paul C. Clements (1996) "
961:CEAS Aeronautical Journal
795:10.1007/978-1-4842-7990-8
752:10.1007/978-3-031-08693-9
173:computer human interface
783:Michaels, Paul (2022).
375:Enterprise architecture
238:and the development of
664:1220-1998 as found at
246:hardware artifact, or
35:
1062:Software architecture
740:Abbas, Karim (2023).
435:Software architecture
430:Requirements analysis
400:Arcadia (engineering)
370:Software architecture
365:Hardware architecture
106:hardware architecture
102:software architecture
33:
1052:Systems architecture
440:Software engineering
425:Process architecture
240:software engineering
1057:Systems engineering
460:Systems engineering
159:among the system's
100:, a mapping of the
98:software components
40:system architecture
18:System architecture
671:2006-05-17 at the
623:2006-03-05 at the
604:2015-02-13 at the
340:. You can help by
217:is used to inform
213:because a body of
36:
936:978-1-4842-8575-6
894:978-3-030-96734-5
849:978-3-030-94551-0
804:978-1-4842-7989-2
761:978-3-031-08692-2
728:Eberhardt Rechtin
713:, by Boris Golden
541:978-3-031-15900-8
445:Systems architect
358:
357:
271:software engineer
267:hardware engineer
250:, that lacks its
248:computing machine
236:digital computers
46:that defines the
16:(Redirected from
1069:
1009:
1001:
995:
994:
976:
952:
946:
945:
944:
943:
910:
904:
903:
902:
901:
868:
862:
861:
823:
817:
816:
780:
774:
773:
737:
731:
720:
714:
706:
700:
697:Donald Firesmith
693:
687:
682:
676:
658:
652:
647:
641:
634:
628:
614:
608:
594:
588:
577:
571:
557:
551:
550:
549:
548:
515:
509:
502:
496:
489:
483:
476:
450:Systems analysis
353:
350:
332:
325:
312:validation tests
262:systems engineer
252:computer program
44:conceptual model
21:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1042:
1041:
1018:
1013:
1012:
1002:
998:
954:
953:
949:
941:
939:
937:
912:
911:
907:
899:
897:
895:
870:
869:
865:
850:
825:
824:
820:
805:
782:
781:
777:
762:
739:
738:
734:
721:
717:
707:
703:
694:
690:
683:
679:
673:Wayback Machine
659:
655:
648:
644:
635:
631:
625:Wayback Machine
615:
611:
606:Wayback Machine
595:
591:
578:
574:
558:
554:
546:
544:
542:
517:
516:
512:
503:
499:
490:
486:
477:
473:
468:
396:
354:
348:
345:
338:needs expansion
323:
291:set of cleanly
228:
121:computer system
87:
70:of the system.
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1075:
1073:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1017:
1016:External links
1014:
1011:
1010:
996:
967:(3): 689–703.
947:
935:
905:
893:
863:
848:
818:
803:
775:
760:
732:
715:
701:
688:
677:
666:their glossary
653:
642:
629:
609:
589:
572:
552:
540:
510:
497:
484:
470:
469:
467:
464:
463:
462:
457:
455:Systems design
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
395:
392:
391:
390:
387:
384:
377:
372:
367:
356:
355:
335:
333:
322:
319:
318:
317:
315:
277:
275:
258:
256:
227:
224:
223:
222:
207:
134:
133:
130:
127:
124:
117:
113:
109:
94:
86:
83:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1074:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1008:, by Brad Day
1007:
1006:
1000:
997:
992:
988:
984:
980:
975:
970:
966:
962:
958:
951:
948:
938:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
909:
906:
896:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
867:
864:
859:
855:
851:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
822:
819:
814:
810:
806:
800:
796:
792:
788:
787:
779:
776:
771:
767:
763:
757:
753:
749:
745:
744:
736:
733:
730:, 2nd ed 2002
729:
725:
719:
716:
712:
711:
705:
702:
698:
692:
689:
686:
681:
678:
674:
670:
667:
663:
657:
654:
651:
646:
643:
639:
633:
630:
626:
622:
619:
613:
610:
607:
603:
599:
593:
590:
586:
582:
576:
573:
569:
566:
562:
556:
553:
543:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
514:
511:
507:
501:
498:
494:
488:
485:
481:
475:
472:
465:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
397:
393:
388:
385:
382:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
362:
361:
352:
343:
339:
336:This section
334:
331:
327:
326:
320:
316:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
276:
272:
268:
263:
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
232:
231:
225:
220:
219:practitioners
216:
212:
208:
205:
201:
197:
193:
192:
191:
189:
184:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
153:
151:
147:
143:
138:
131:
128:
125:
122:
118:
114:
110:
107:
103:
99:
95:
92:
91:
90:
84:
82:
80:
76:
71:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
32:
19:
1004:
999:
964:
960:
950:
940:, retrieved
918:
908:
898:, retrieved
876:
866:
831:
821:
785:
778:
742:
735:
718:
709:
704:
699:et al., 2008
691:
680:
656:
645:
632:
612:
592:
575:
555:
545:, retrieved
523:
513:
500:
487:
479:
474:
359:
346:
342:adding to it
337:
244:programmable
229:
210:
195:
185:
176:
154:
139:
135:
88:
72:
39:
37:
204:constraints
54:, and more
1046:Categories
942:2022-12-07
900:2022-12-07
724:Mark Maier
547:2022-12-07
466:References
308:exhaustive
296:subsystems
211:discipline
165:subsystems
161:components
157:interfaces
75:components
64:structures
991:248972956
983:1869-5590
858:246051702
813:248408249
770:251371033
579:From the
568:1471-2000
349:July 2012
304:inclusive
300:exclusive
285:algorithm
215:knowledge
209:SAE is a
194:SAE is a
116:behavior.
112:baseline.
104:onto the
68:behaviors
48:structure
669:Archived
621:Archived
602:Archived
394:See also
289:workable
150:software
142:elements
85:Overview
81:(ADLs).
52:behavior
293:bounded
226:History
42:is the
989:
981:
933:
891:
856:
846:
811:
801:
768:
758:
616:From
538:
306:, and
283:,' or
281:scheme
196:method
60:system
987:S2CID
854:S2CID
809:S2CID
766:S2CID
685:TOGAF
660:From
650:TOGAF
636:From
596:From
559:From
321:Types
146:rules
58:of a
56:views
979:ISSN
931:ISBN
889:ISBN
844:ISBN
799:ISBN
756:ISBN
726:and
662:IEEE
565:IEEE
561:ANSI
536:ISBN
169:user
66:and
969:doi
923:doi
881:doi
836:doi
791:doi
748:doi
583:'s
528:doi
344:.
202:of
200:set
181:HCI
177:AKA
163:or
1048::
985:.
977:.
965:13
963:.
959:.
929:,
917:,
887:,
875:,
852:.
842:.
807:.
797:.
789:.
764:.
754:.
746:.
600:.
534:,
522:,
302:,
175:,
50:,
38:A
993:.
971::
925::
883::
860:.
838::
815:.
793::
772:.
750::
675:.
640:.
627:.
587:.
570:.
563:/
530::
351:)
347:(
206:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
