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during World War II. Srebrnik escaped after being shot in the back of his head at close range, two days before the
Russians arrived in 1945. His testimony along with that of the few other witnesses was critical to the prosecution of camp personnel and other Nazi officials, because of the destruction
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prisoners who took part in the disposal of
Holocaust evidence. Despite being shot in the head like the others, Srebrnik survived. According to his own testimony, the German bullet missed the spine ("vital brain centres") and exited through his mouth without substantial blood loss.
126:) by the Germans. During his time in the camp, he participated in the disposal of evidence of genocide. He took part in the gathering of crushed bones and ashes of gassing victims. He helped take the sacks away at night. He rowed a flat-bottomed boat on the
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guards by singing
Prussian military songs which they taught him. Srebrnik also won jumping contests and speed races which the SS organized for chained prisoners to participate in. The SS usually killed those who lost.
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and went into military service, eventually taking part in four wars. He and two other survivors of Chełmno testified at the 1961 Adolf
Eichmann Trial in Jerusalem (session 66-68). In addition, he testified in the
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On
January 18, 1945, two days before Soviet troops arrived and liberated the camp, the Germans shot and killed most Jewish
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selected Simon to work with a Jewish work detail which incinerated bodies of the victims in open-air crematoriums.
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Patricia
Heberer (May 31, 2011). "Children in the Concentration Camp Universe. Szymon Srebrnik: "Spinnefix"".
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where the sacks were being emptied into the water. While rowing, Srebrnik used to entertain the Nazi
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of evidence by the
Germans of their mass extermination of Jews in Chełmno.
381:(permission granted to be reused, in whole or in part, on Knowledge (XXG);
107:. He was thirteen years old when he and his mother were deported to the
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Patrick
Montague (Mar 15, 2012). "Epilogue (Judge Władysław Bednarz)".
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Being only 13 and a half, Srebrnik was given the nickname "Spinnefix" (
391:. Copyright © United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC
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At the age of fifteen, Srebrnik testified in June 1945 in the Polish
360:"Claude Lanzmann on why Holocaust documentary 'Shoah' still matters"
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Chelmno and the
Holocaust: The History of Hitler's First Death Camp
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The Claude
Lanzmann Shoah Collection (film outtakes only)
69:. He testified again about Chełmno in the 1961 trial of
326:"Transcript of the Shoah interview with Simon Srebrnik"
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After his emigration to Israel, Srebrnik lived in a
222:. Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team
152:, Poland, in 1945. Later, Srebrnik emigrated to
324:Translation by Sarah Lippincott (August 2008).
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148:He testified about Chełmno at a trial held in
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216:"Szymon Srebrnik, Chelmno Survivor Testimony"
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402:Text from USHMM has been released under the
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103:Srebrnik witnessed his father killed in the
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81:(1962–1965) of the former SS men from the
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38:(April 10, 1930 – August 16, 2006) was a
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385:ticket no. 2007071910012533 confirmed)
347:spelling of last name: Simon Srebrnik.
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436:Chełmno extermination camp survivors
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329:(PDF file, direct download 226 KB)
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16:Polish-Jewish Holocaust survivor
214:Chris Webb, H.E.A.R.T (2008).
111:. His mother was killed in a
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248:Children during the Holocaust
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220:Chelmno Survivor Testimony
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67:trial of Chełmno personnel
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187:(1985). According to the
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376:USHMM (May 11, 2012).
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115:. The camp
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307:2013-05-14
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198:References
154:Ness Ziona
55:death camp
40:Polish Jew
378:"Chelmno"
128:Ner River
75:Jerusalem
36:Srebrnik
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335:. USHMM
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87:Kulmhof
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94:Life
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