1994:. Both active and passive terminators are in common use, with the active type much preferred (and required on LVD buses and Ultra SCSI). Improper termination is a common problem with parallel SCSI installations. In early SCSI buses, one had to attach a physical terminator to each end, but newer devices often have terminators built in, and the user simply needs to enable termination for the devices at either end of the bus (typically by setting a DIP switch or moving a jumper). Some later SCSI host adapters allow the enabling or disabling of termination through
263:
135:
146:
2022:
1625:
3137:
1064:
1107:
36:
1963:
last wide device. This can be done with a cable designed to connect the wide part of the bus to the narrow part which either provides a place to plug in a terminator or includes the terminator itself. Specific capability commands allow the devices to determine whether their partners are using the whole wide bus or just the lower half and drive the bus accordingly.
1265:) was promulgated as a standard (INCITS 367-2003 or SPI-5) in early 2003. It doubles the interface speed yet again, this time to 640 MB/s. Ultra-640 pushes the limits of LVD signaling; the speed limits cable lengths drastically, making it impractical for more than one or two devices. Because of this, manufacturers skipped over Ultra-640 and developed for
1938:. Within the parallel SCSI family, for example, it is possible to connect an Ultra-3 SCSI hard disk to an Ultra-2 SCSI controller. The interface operates at the lowest common supported standard, Ultra-2 in this case. Ultra-2, Ultra-160 and Ultra-320 devices may be freely mixed on the parallel LVD bus with no compromise in performance.
1871:
Termination can be passive or active. With passive termination each signal line is terminated by two resistors, 220 Ω to TERMPOWER and 330 Ω to ground. Active termination uses a small voltage regulator which provides a +2.85 V supply. Each signal line is then terminated by a 110 Ω
1895:
Terminators must be matched to the type of SCSI bus. Using an SE (single-ended) terminator on an LVD bus causes the bus to drop back to SE speeds, even if all other devices and cables are capable of LVD operation – the same effect any other SE device has. Passive terminators may cause
270:
Parallel SCSI is not a single standard, but a suite of closely related standards. There are a dozen SCSI interface names, most with ambiguous wording (like Fast SCSI, Fast Wide SCSI, Ultra SCSI, and Ultra Wide SCSI); three SCSI standards, each of which has a collection of modular, optional features;
1962:
Both narrow and wide SCSI devices can be attached to the same parallel bus. All the narrow devices must be placed at one end and all the wide devices at the other end. The wider part of the bus needs to be terminated between the wide and narrow devices because the high half of the bus ends with the
1719:
The arbitrating device with the highest ID takes control of the bus by asserting /BSY and /SEL. "Highest" on an eight-bit bus starts from 7 and works downward to zero. On a 16-bit bus, the eight-bit rule applies, followed by 15 and working downward to 8, thus maintaining backward compatibility on a
194:
interface. Every device attaches to the SCSI bus in a similar manner. Depending on the version, up to 8 or 16 devices can be attached to a single bus. There can be multiple hosts and multiple peripheral devices but there should be at least one host. The SCSI protocol defines communication from host
1132:
SCSI-2 expanded the command set with the Common
Command Set (CCS) for better support of devices other than disk drives, introduced command queueing (up to 256 commands per device) and tightened up the requirements on some features that were optional in SCSI-1; parity was now mandatory and the host
1128:
variants. Fast SCSI doubled the maximum transfer rate to 10 MB/s while retaining the same 50-pin cables, while Wide SCSI doubled the bus width to 16 bits on top of that to reach a maximum transfer rate of 20 MB/s, using new 68-pin cables. However, these improvements came at the cost of
222:
The first two formal SCSI standards, SCSI-1 and SCSI-2, described parallel SCSI. The SCSI-3 standard then split the framework into separate layers which allowed the introduction of other data interfaces beyond parallel SCSI. The original SCSI-1 version of the parallel bus was 8 bits wide (plus a
1248:
Ultra-320 included the Ultra-160+ features as mandatory, doubled the clock to 80 MHz for a maximum data transfer rate of 320 MB/s, and included read/write data streaming for less overhead on queued data transfers, as well as flow control. The latest working draft for this standard is
230:
At 10 MHz with a bus width of 16 bits it is possible to achieve a data rate of 20 MB/s. Subsequent extensions to the SCSI standard allowed for faster speeds: 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, 160 MHz and finally 320 MHz. At 320 MHz x 16 bits there is a theoretical
1190:
This standard was introduced c. 1997 and featured a LVD bus. For this reason, Ultra-2 is sometimes referred to as LVD SCSI. LVD's greater resistance to noise allowed a maximum bus cable length of 12 meters. At the same time, the data transfer rate was increased to 80 MB/s. Mixing earlier
1813:
No version of the standard has ever specified what kind of connector should be used. Specific types of connectors for parallel SCSI devices were developed by vendors over time. Connectors for serial SCSI devices have diversified into different families for each type of serial SCSI protocol.
1752:). In such a case, the target may temporarily disconnect from the bus, causing the bus to go to the bus-free condition and allowing other unrelated operations to take place. Reselection is the phase where the target reconnects to the initiator to resume the previously suspended transaction.
1832:
Connectors for wide SCSI buses have more pins and wires than those for narrow SCSI buses; typically 50 pins for narrow SCSI and 68 pins for wide SCSI. On some early devices, wide parallel SCSI buses used two or four connectors and cables while narrow SCSI buses used only one.
1978:(SCA) parallel SCSI devices may be connected to older controller/drive chains by using SCA adapters. Although these adapters often have auxiliary power connectors, caution is recommended when connecting them, as it is possible to damage devices by connecting external power.
1129:
reducing the maximum cable length to three meters. SCSI-2 also specified a 32-bit version of Wide SCSI, which used two 16-bit cables per bus. The 32-bit implementation was largely ignored because it was deemed expensive and unnecessary, and was officially retired in SCSI-3.
1891:
In current practice most parallel SCSI buses are LVD and so require external, active termination. The usual termination circuit consists of a +2.85 V linear regulator and commercially available SCSI resistor network devices (not individual resistors).
1949:
and LVD devices can be attached to the same bus, but all devices will run at a slower, single-ended speed. The SPI-5 standard (which describes up to Ultra-640) deprecates single-ended devices, so some devices may not be electrically backward compatible.
1836:
With the HD connectors, a cable normally has male connectors while a SCSI device (e.g., host adapter, disk drive) has female. A female connector on a cable is meant to connect to another cable (for additional length or additional device connections).
1191:
single-ended devices (SE) and Ultra-2 devices on the same bus is possible but connecting only a single SE device forces the whole bus to single-ended mode with all its limitations, including transfer speed. The standard also introduced
1032:
The SCSI-1 specification has been withdrawn and is superseded by SCSI-2. The SCSI-3 SPI specification has been withdrawn and is superseded by SPI-2. The SCSI-3 SPI-3 and SPI-4 specifications have been withdrawn and are superseded by
1798:
The above list does not imply a specific sequence of events. Following a command to a target to send data to the initiator and a receipt of a command complete status, the initiator could send another command or even send a message.
1195:(VHDCI), a very small connector that allows placement of four wide SCSI connectors on the back of a single PCI card slot. Ultra-2 SCSI actually had a relatively short lifespan, as it was soon superseded by Ultra-3 (Ultra-160) SCSI.
1921:
Different SCSI transports, which are not compatible with each other, usually have unique connectors to avoid accidental mis-plugging of incompatible devices. For example, it is not possible to plug a parallel SCSI disk into an
275:, has manufactured over 100 varieties of SCSI cards over the years. In actual practice, many experienced technicians simply refer to SCSI devices by their bus bandwidth (i.e., SCSI 320 or SCSI 160) in Megabytes per second.
1706:
One or more devices attempt to obtain exclusive control of the bus by asserting /BSY and a single bit corresponding to the device SCSI ID. For example, a device with a SCSI ID of 2 would generate the inverted bit pattern
1846:
1953:
Some host adapters offer compatibility using a SCSI bridge to electrically split the bus into an SE and an LVD half, so LVD devices can operate at full speed. Other adapters may provide multiple buses (channels).
1966:
Alternatively, each narrow device can be attached to the wide bus through an adapter. As long as the bus is terminated with a wide – internal or external – terminator, there is no need for special termination.
321:, allowing devices that support SCSI commands to use any interface (including ones not otherwise specified by T10), and also allowing the interfaces that are defined by T10 to be used in alternate manners.
1090:), running asynchronously at 3.5 MB/s, or 5 MB/s in synchronous mode, and a maximum bus cable length of 6 metres (20 ft), significantly longer than the 18 inches (0.46 m) limit of the
1868:, designed to prevent backflow of current to the supplying device. A device that supplies TERMPOWER must be able to provide up to 900 mA on a single-ended bus, or 600 mA on a differential bus.
1175:(16-bit). The maximum cable length remained 3 meters but single-ended Ultra SCSI developed an undeserved reputation for extreme sensitivity to cable length and condition (faulty cables, connectors or
993:
183:; there is one set of electrical connections stretching from one end of the SCSI bus to the other. A SCSI device attaches to the bus but does not interrupt it. Both ends of the bus must be
1164:
or Fast-20 SCSI, were introduced in 1996. SCSI-3 itself is not as much a single document as a collection of various standards that have received updates at different points in time.
1133:
adapter was required to provide termination power in order to support active termination. SCSI-1 devices would generally remain compatible while simply ignoring the new features.
313:
Starting with SCSI-3, the SCSI standard has been maintained as a loose collection of standards, each defining a certain piece of the SCSI architecture, and bound together by the
1857:
at both ends to ensure reliable operation. Without termination, data transitions reflect back from the ends of the bus causing pulse distortion and potential data loss.
1760:
In this phase, data is transferred between initiator and target, the direction of transfer depending on the command that was issued. For example, a command to read a
1990:) must be configured to have a unique SCSI ID on the bus. Another requirement is that any parallel SCSI bus must be terminated at both ends with the correct type of
2280:
1864:. This positive voltage is called TERMPOWER and is usually around +4.3 volts. TERMPOWER is normally generated by a diode connection to +5.0 volts. This is called a
282:
SCSI-1, SCSI-2, and SCSI-3. All SCSI standards have been modular, defining various capabilities that manufacturers can include or not. Individual vendors and the
2064:
adapters, it is again possible to use SCSI devices on laptops, by installing PCI Express SCSI host adapters using a laptop's
ExpressCard or Thunderbolt port.
2320:
1156:
codified the terminology, the first parallel SCSI devices that exceeded the SCSI-2 capabilities were simply designated SCSI-3. These devices, also known as
1452:
and so they require a pair of wires for each signal. So the number of signals required to implement a SCSI bus is a function of the bus width and voltage:
2088:—unable to initiate SCSI transactions themselves. Therefore, peripheral-to-peripheral communications are uncommon, but possible in most SCSI applications.
1906:
Some early disk drives included internal terminators, but most modern disk drives do not provide termination and termination must be provided externally.
2577:
3105:
2734:
1632:
All devices on a parallel SCSI bus must have a SCSI ID, which may be set by jumpers on older devices or in software. The SCSI ID field widths are:
2597:
227:). The SCSI-2 standard allowed for faster operation (10 MHz) and wider buses (16-bit or 32-bit). The 16-bit option became the most popular.
2404:
2244:
2785:
2456:
1192:
2040:
Adaptec discontinued their PCMCIA line without supporting
ExpressCard. Drivers for existing PCMCIA interfaces were not produced for newer
3132:
Interfaces are listed by their speed in the (roughly) ascending order, so the interface at the end of each section should be the fastest.
1899:
Generally, and reflecting the order in which each type of terminator was introduced, unmarked terminators are passive, those marked only
294:. Such a signaling rate is not compliant with SCSI-2 but is one option allowed by SCSI-3. Similarly, no version of the standard requires
1748:
During a transaction, the target device may be required to execute a time-consuming operation (e.g., winding or rewinding the tape in a
1137:
1095:
1079:
424:
2838:
2677:
2607:
920:
863:
803:
743:
419:
295:
157:
2667:
2129:
440:
200:
119:
2765:
1341:
Transfer is from target to initiator. Also asserted by a target after winning arbitration to indicate reselection of an initiator
2215:
2376:
1903:
are SE, and only those marked LVD (or SE/LVD) will correctly terminate an LVD bus and allow it to operate at full LVD speeds.
2557:
1091:
57:
53:
2013:) was an optional method to configure the SCSI ID without requiring user intervention. It was dropped from later standards.
1998:. Advanced SCSI devices automatically detect whether they are last on the bus and switch termination on or off accordingly.
100:
3109:
2760:
2729:
72:
1872:
resistor to this supply. Active termination provides a better impedance match than passive termination because most flat
2707:
234:
Due to the technical constraints of a parallel bus system, SCSI has since evolved into faster serial interfaces, mainly
1764:
from a disk would result in a transfer from the disk to the host. Or, if an error occurred, the initiator could send a
290:
is not defined anywhere in the standard, but is used to refer to SCSI implementations that signal at twice the rate of
271:
several different connector types; and three different types of voltage signaling. The leading SCSI card manufacturer,
3033:
2972:
2827:
2491:
1975:
1826:
1071:
1023:
LVD cabling may be up to 25 m when only a single device is attached to the host adapter, 20 m for Ultra-640.
771:
79:
2632:
2397:
1910:
1881:
1363:
Target requests initiator to transfer the next unit of information on the bus, as indicated by the 3 phase signals
46:
2687:
1216:, a robust error-correcting process more suited for high-speed operation than the parity checking used previously
2260:
1877:
1222:
Packetization protocol with a reduced number of bus communication phases for less command and protocol overhead
314:
86:
1233:
toward the end of 1999, this iteration improved on the Ultra-2 standard adding the first three improvements.
1042:
Ultra-640 substantially increases the requirements for cabling and backplanes, hampering a smooth transition.
3140:
3115:
3007:
2662:
2382:
2057:
1946:
1445:
1213:
211:
2697:
1935:
1854:
1449:
1153:
1141:
283:
68:
2961:
2914:
2770:
2542:
2390:
1448:(SE), high-voltage differential (HVD), and low-voltage differential (LVD). The HVD and LVD versions use
2032:
SCSI interfaces had become impossible to find for laptop computers. Adaptec had years before produced
210:
error checking. Starting with SCSI-U160 (part of SCSI-3) all commands and data are error checked by a
2957:
2810:
2692:
1308:
Asserted by the winner of an arbitration, during selection by an initiator or reselection by a target
1266:
1014:
For daisy-chain designs, length of bus, from end to end; for point-to-point, length of a single link.
235:
2869:
2424:
1277:
In addition to the data bus and parity signals, a parallel SCSI bus contains nine control signals:
2413:
2332:
2053:
1240:
or Ultra-3 (U3). 8-bit bus width as well as HVD operation were eliminated starting with Ultra-3.
1860:
A positive DC termination voltage is provided by one or more devices on the bus, typically the
134:
2859:
2481:
2417:
2240:
2234:
2125:
2119:
1777:
1094:
interface also popular at the time. A rarely-seen variation on the original standard featured
2301:
2592:
2041:
1865:
1789:
1208:
839:
145:
93:
2722:
2572:
2552:
2427:
1822:
1176:
195:
to host, host to a peripheral device, and peripheral device to a peripheral device. The
3023:
2717:
2642:
2567:
2471:
2446:
2085:
2021:
1909:
There is a special case in SCSI systems that have mixed 8-bit and 16-bit devices where
1808:
1624:
325:
3159:
3153:
3095:
2874:
2822:
2587:
2486:
2476:
2451:
1225:
Quick arbitration and selection reduces arbitration time by eliminating bus free time
239:
196:
2056:
required were discontinued. Since 2013, with the release of various
ExpressCard and
1780:
is exchanged between initiator and target for the purposes of interface management.
1374:
Initiator acknowledges target request, completing the information transfer handshake
1182:
Unlike previous SCSI standards, SCSI-3 (Fast-20 speed) requires active termination.
1063:
2832:
2775:
2627:
2532:
1987:
1926:
backplane, nor to connect a cable between an SSA initiator and an FC-AL enclosure.
1873:
1861:
1818:
1678:
1407:
These 3 signals are driven by a target during information transfer to indicate the
318:
180:
153:
150:
138:
2355:
2203:
1219:
Domain validation for negotiating maximum performance for each device on the chain
1106:
286:
have given names to specific combinations of capabilities. For example, the term
3100:
3079:
3002:
2997:
2842:
2780:
2755:
2682:
2466:
2461:
2081:
2061:
2037:
1885:
1761:
35:
2953:
2652:
2441:
2306:
1995:
1749:
1720:
bus with a mix of eight and 16-bit devices. The controlling device is now the
1250:
1087:
306:
device has a better-defined set of capabilities than simply identifying it as
247:
224:
207:
191:
2977:
2967:
2934:
2929:
2864:
2739:
2527:
2512:
2507:
1792:
is sent to the initiator to report the success or failure of the operation.
1067:
1768:
command to the target for details that are returned during the data phase.
1740:, which is another device on the bus. The CDB tells the target what to do.
1444:
There are three electrically different variants of the SCSI parallel bus:
302:
include this capability. This terminology is helpful to consumers because
262:
2987:
2924:
2657:
2517:
2183:
2145:
2049:
1733:
251:
1319:
Initiator forces all targets and any other initiators to do a warm reset
3120:
3074:
3058:
2884:
2702:
2647:
2582:
2537:
2026:
272:
1845:
1825:
connectors. Connectors evolved to High-Density (HD) and most recently
1434:
Grounded in single-ended buses, otherwise floats to a positive voltage
3053:
2944:
2919:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2712:
2602:
2562:
2522:
2204:
T10/01-224r0 Ultra640 SCSI Measured Data from Cables & Backplanes
2033:
1385:
Asserted by an initiator after winning arbitration to select a target
410:
17:
3038:
2949:
2233:
Scott
Mueller; Mark Edward Soper; Barrie Sosinsky (24 April 2006).
2184:"Random Problems Encountered When Mixing SE and LVD SCSI Standards"
3048:
2939:
2879:
2817:
2790:
2672:
2622:
2547:
2020:
1923:
1844:
1698:
This is the state in which no device communication is in process.
1623:
1105:
1062:
377:
359:
261:
243:
144:
2097:
This is sometimes referred to as a cable with high-9 termination.
3043:
3028:
2889:
2800:
2795:
2637:
2036:
parallel SCSI interfaces, but when PCMCIA was superseded by the
1098:
and supported a maximum cable length of 25 metres (82 ft).
1083:
1005:
Including any host adapters (i.e., computers count as a device).
403:
394:
176:
2386:
1207:
Doubling the transfer rate to 160 MB/s through the use of
2992:
2617:
2612:
2045:
1677:
The parallel SCSI bus goes through eight possible phases as a
1253:
being manufactured at the end of 2003 were Ultra-320 devices.
1110:
387:
29:
1934:
SCSI devices in the same SCSI transport family are generally
992:
Specifications are maintained by the T10 subcommittee of the
1888:
which absorb any residual voltage overshoot or undershoot.
994:
International
Committee for Information Technology Standards
1440:
Most spare pins in the connector are designated as grounds.
324:
No version of the standard has ever specified what kind of
2052:
to parallel SCSI adaptors, but ceased production when the
317:. This change divorces SCSI's various interfaces from the
175:) is the earliest of the interface implementations in the
1078:
The original SCSI standard, SCSI-1, was derived from the
246:
protocol doesn't describe a data interface but uses any
1884:(FPT) is similar to active termination, but with added
1144:(SE) was introduced to accommodate longer bus lengths.
2370:
1817:
Original parallel SCSI-1 devices typically used bulky
1681:
is processed. Not all phases will occur in all cases:
1249:
revision 10 and is dated May 6, 2002. Nearly all SCSI
1236:
Devices supporting all five features were marketed as
1051:
Ultra-640 was specified but no devices were produced.
1986:
Each parallel SCSI device (including the computer's
1167:
The bus speed was doubled again to 20 MB/s for
3088:
3067:
3016:
2852:
2748:
2500:
2434:
2228:
2226:
2224:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2371:T10 Technical Committee – SCSI Storage Interfaces
2321:M3096GX/M3093GX/M3093DG Image scanner OEM Manual
2281:"SCSI Adapters and SCSI Controllers Information"
1942:Mixing single-ended and low-voltage differential
2735:Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface (CAPI)
2146:"T10 Withdrawn Standards and Technical Reports"
1179:were often to blame for instability problems).
1140:(HVD) mode that was incompatible with standard
2216:Scott Mueller: Upgrading and Repairing Servers
1821:connectors, and SCSI-2 devices typically used
1086:. SCSI-1 features an 8-bit parallel bus (with
203:host interface that can act as a SCSI target.
2398:
1203:Ultra-3 includes five new optional features:
8:
1896:Ultra speed communication to be unreliable.
1120:was introduced in 1994 and gave rise to the
278:As of 2003, there have only been three SCSI
1113:53CF94 SCSI-2 controller in PLCC-84 package
266:Diagrams of different Parallel SCSI symbols
2405:
2391:
2383:
231:maximum peak data rate of 640 MB/s.
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2080:Most peripheral devices are exclusively
1683:
1634:
1454:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1279:
339:
329:
133:
2110:
2073:
1418:There are also three DC-level signals:
1395:
1082:(SASI) and formally adopted in 1986 by
985:
2333:"Adaptec AHA-2940U2W User's Reference"
2121:Server+ Certification: Training Guide
1344:Transfer is from initiator to target
1171:(8-bit) systems and 40 MB/s for
206:SCSI-1 and SCSI-2 have the option of
7:
1849:SCSI Terminator (Amphenol connector)
1355:Bus contains data or command/status
1193:very-high-density cable interconnect
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1853:Parallel SCSI buses must always be
1096:high-voltage differential signaling
1080:Shugart Associates System Interface
1408:
296:Low-voltage differential signaling
25:
1311:No device has control of the bus
3136:
3135:
1991:
1426:
1388:No target selection in progress
1330:Bus contains control information
184:
34:
2236:Upgrading and Repairing Servers
1366:Target not requesting transfer
199:53C810 chip is an example of a
45:needs additional citations for
27:Original SCSI storage interface
1261:Ultra-640 (otherwise known as
1:
2730:Intel Ultra Path Interconnect
2025:Sony SCSI-2 PCMCIA card from
2007:SCSI Configured Automatically
1880:of approximately 110 Ω.
1152:Before Adaptec and later the
2708:Intel QuickPath Interconnect
2698:Direct Media Interface (DMI)
1976:Single Connector Attachment
1827:Single Connector Attachment
1068:NCR 53C94 SCSI-1 controller
298:(LVD), but products called
3176:
2693:Compute Express Link (CXL)
2356:SCSI-3 Annex B 1996 – SCAM
2300:Norris, Jim (March 2002).
1982:Device IDs and termination
1882:Forced perfect termination
1806:
1209:double-transition clocking
330:§ External connectors
3129:
2930:IEEE-1284 (parallel port)
2845:logical device interface)
2134:– via Google Books.
2084:, incapable of acting as
1138:high-voltage differential
810:LVD 1.2 HVD ≥5
750:LVD 1.2 HVD ≥5
672:
667:
652:
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
635:
632:
613:
608:
593:
590:
587:
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
392:
385:
382:
375:
372:
367:
364:
357:
354:
351:
348:
345:
342:
2118:Jernigan, Elton (2002).
1878:characteristic impedance
1734:command descriptor block
1732:The initiator sends the
1289:Meaning when deasserted
938:SPI-5 (INCITS 367-2003)
881:SPI-5 (INCITS 367-2003)
821:SPI-5 (INCITS 367-2003)
818:Ultra-160; Fast-80 wide
760:SPI-5 (INCITS 367-2003)
712:SPI-5 (INCITS 367-2003)
638:SPI-5 (INCITS 367-2003)
579:SPI-5 (INCITS 367-2003)
533:SPI-5 (INCITS 367-2003)
315:SCSI Architectural Model
2302:"The Last Word on SCSI"
2261:"SCSI Device Unscrewed"
1930:Mixing different speeds
349:Specification document
212:cyclic redundancy check
190:SCSI is a peer-to-peer
169:SCSI Parallel Interface
2492:List of bus bandwidths
2029:
1958:Mixing wide and narrow
1850:
1629:
1450:differential signaling
1352:Bus contains a message
1286:Meaning when asserted
1154:SCSI Trade Association
1114:
1075:
673:SE 5 HVD ≥5
614:SE 5 HVD ≥5
568:SE 5 HVD ≥5
520:SE 5 HVD ≥5
284:SCSI Trade Association
267:
161:
142:
2239:. Pearson Education.
2024:
1911:high-byte termination
1848:
1627:
1109:
1066:
265:
148:
137:
2935:IEEE-1394 (FireWire)
2673:PCI Extended (PCI-X)
2377:Termination Tutorial
2124:. Que. p. 171.
1886:diode clamp circuits
1267:Serial Attached SCSI
1229:First introduced as
488:IDC50; Amphenol C50
328:should be used. See
236:Serial Attached SCSI
54:improve this article
2776:Parallel ATA (PATA)
2054:integrated circuits
1936:backward compatible
1803:External connectors
1322:No reset requested
250:, usually run over
2683:PCI Express (PCIe)
2030:
1851:
1630:
1427:§ Termination
1333:Bus contains data
1115:
1076:
935:Ultra-5; Fast-320
878:Ultra-4; Fast-160
346:Alternative names
268:
162:
143:
3147:
3146:
3133:
2860:Apple Desktop Bus
2837:PCI Express (via
2796:Serial ATA (SATA)
2482:Network on a chip
2246:978-0-13-279698-9
2044:. Ratoc produced
2042:operating systems
1913:may be required.
1796:
1795:
1670:
1669:
1617:
1616:
1392:
1391:
982:
981:
755:Ultra2 Wide SCSI
443:50; Amphenol C50
179:family. SPI is a
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
3167:
3139:
3138:
3131:
2593:HP Precision Bus
2407:
2400:
2393:
2384:
2373:(SCSI standards)
2358:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2337:
2329:
2323:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2230:
2219:
2213:
2207:
2201:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2180:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2115:
2098:
2095:
2089:
2078:
1866:diode-OR circuit
1710:
1684:
1635:
1628:SCSI ID selector
1455:
1412:
1405:
1338:I/O Input/Output
1327:C/D Control/Data
1280:
1162:
1161:
1052:
1049:
1043:
1040:
1034:
1030:
1024:
1021:
1015:
1012:
1006:
1003:
997:
990:
975:
946:
943:
924:
892:
889:
886:
867:
832:
829:
826:
807:
775:
768:
765:
747:
670:
633:Ultra Wide SCSI
611:
565:
517:
472:
340:
336:Comparison table
319:SCSI command set
160:SCSI connections
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3134:
3125:
3084:
3063:
3012:
2925:IEEE-488 (GPIB)
2848:
2744:
2723:Infinity Fabric
2553:Europe Card Bus
2496:
2430:
2411:
2367:
2362:
2361:
2354:
2350:
2341:
2339:
2338:. December 1997
2335:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2319:
2315:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2247:
2232:
2231:
2222:
2214:
2210:
2202:
2198:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2160:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2132:
2117:
2116:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2101:
2096:
2092:
2086:SCSI initiators
2079:
2075:
2070:
2019:
2004:
1984:
1973:
1960:
1944:
1932:
1919:
1843:
1811:
1805:
1708:
1675:
1622:
1416:
1415:
1406:
1397:
1377:No acknowledge
1371:ACK Acknowledge
1275:
1259:
1246:
1201:
1188:
1159:
1158:
1150:
1104:
1061:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1031:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1000:
991:
987:
973:
944:
941:
932:Ultra-640 SCSI
919:
890:
887:
884:
875:Ultra-320 SCSI
862:
830:
827:
824:
802:
769:
766:
763:
742:
668:
609:
563:
532:
525:Fast-Wide SCSI
515:
470:
338:
260:
220:
126:
115:
109:
106:
69:"Parallel SCSI"
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3173:
3171:
3163:
3162:
3152:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3103:
3098:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3077:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3034:Intel HD Audio
3031:
3026:
3024:ADAT Lightpipe
3020:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2856:
2854:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2752:
2750:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2718:HyperTransport
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2472:Bus contention
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2447:Front-side bus
2444:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2431:
2428:computer buses
2412:
2410:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2379:(WayBack link)
2374:
2366:
2365:External links
2363:
2360:
2359:
2348:
2324:
2313:
2292:
2272:
2252:
2245:
2220:
2208:
2196:
2158:
2137:
2130:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2090:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2018:
2015:
2003:
2000:
1983:
1980:
1972:
1969:
1959:
1956:
1943:
1940:
1931:
1928:
1918:
1915:
1842:
1839:
1809:SCSI connector
1807:Main article:
1804:
1801:
1794:
1793:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1758:
1754:
1753:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1717:
1713:
1712:
1704:
1700:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1644:IDs available
1642:
1639:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1423:
1414:
1413:
1394:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1274:
1271:
1258:
1255:
1245:
1242:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1211:
1200:
1197:
1187:
1184:
1149:
1146:
1103:
1100:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1044:
1035:
1025:
1016:
1007:
998:
984:
983:
980:
979:
976:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
939:
936:
933:
929:
928:
925:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
882:
879:
876:
872:
871:
868:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
836:
833:
822:
819:
816:
812:
811:
808:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
761:
758:
756:
752:
751:
748:
740:
737:
734:
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
703:
702:
699:
696:
693:
689:
688:
685:
682:
679:
675:
674:
671:
666:
663:
660:
657:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
639:
636:
634:
630:
629:
626:
623:
620:
616:
615:
612:
607:
604:
601:
598:
595:
592:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
570:
569:
566:
561:
558:
555:
552:
549:
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
529:
526:
522:
521:
518:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
498:
495:
492:
489:
486:
485:SCSI-2 (1994)
483:
481:
477:
476:
473:
468:
465:
462:
459:
456:
453:
450:
447:
444:
438:
437:SCSI-1 (1986)
435:
432:
428:
427:
422:
417:
414:
407:
399:
398:
391:
384:
381:
374:
370:
369:
366:
363:
356:
353:
350:
347:
344:
337:
334:
326:SCSI connector
259:
256:
219:
216:
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3172:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3142:
3128:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3096:Multidrop bus
3094:
3093:
3091:
3087:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3003:External PCIe
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2983:Parallel SCSI
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2875:Commodore bus
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2823:Fibre Channel
2821:
2819:
2816:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2747:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2487:Plug and play
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2477:Bus mastering
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2452:Back-side bus
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2426:
2422:
2420:
2415:
2408:
2403:
2401:
2396:
2394:
2389:
2388:
2385:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2357:
2352:
2349:
2334:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2317:
2314:
2309:
2308:
2303:
2296:
2293:
2282:
2276:
2273:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2248:
2242:
2238:
2237:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2212:
2209:
2205:
2200:
2197:
2185:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2147:
2141:
2138:
2133:
2131:9780735710870
2127:
2123:
2122:
2114:
2111:
2104:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2077:
2074:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2028:
2023:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2011:Automagically
2008:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1917:Compatibility
1916:
1914:
1912:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1874:ribbon cables
1869:
1867:
1863:
1858:
1856:
1847:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1802:
1800:
1791:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1766:request sense
1763:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1723:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1673:Bus operation
1672:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1626:
1619:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1410:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1387:
1384:
1382:ATN Attention
1381:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1234:
1232:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1204:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1163:
1155:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1108:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1058:
1048:
1045:
1039:
1036:
1029:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1011:
1008:
1002:
999:
995:
989:
986:
978:LVD 1.2
977:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
940:
937:
934:
931:
930:
927:LVD 1.2
926:
922:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
883:
880:
877:
874:
873:
870:LVD 1.2
869:
865:
861:
858:
855:
852:
849:
846:
843:
841:
837:
834:
823:
820:
817:
814:
813:
809:
805:
801:
798:
795:
792:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
773:
762:
759:
757:
754:
753:
749:
745:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
714:
711:
708:
705:
704:
700:
697:
694:
691:
690:
686:
683:
680:
677:
676:
664:
661:
658:
655:
631:
627:
624:
621:
618:
617:
605:
602:
599:
596:
571:
567:
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
535:
530:
527:
524:
523:
519:
514:
511:
508:
505:
502:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
482:
479:
478:
474:
469:
466:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
429:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:Single ended
415:
412:
408:
405:
401:
400:
396:
389:
379:
371:
361:
355:Width (bits)
341:
335:
333:
331:
327:
322:
320:
316:
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
276:
274:
264:
257:
255:
253:
249:
245:
241:
240:Fibre Channel
237:
232:
228:
226:
217:
215:
213:
209:
204:
202:
198:
197:Symbios Logic
193:
188:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
165:Parallel SCSI
159:
155:
152:
147:
141:-50 SCSI plug
140:
136:
132:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2982:
2805:
2628:TURBOchannel
2418:
2351:
2340:. Retrieved
2327:
2316:
2305:
2295:
2284:. Retrieved
2275:
2264:. Retrieved
2255:
2235:
2211:
2199:
2187:. Retrieved
2149:. Retrieved
2140:
2120:
2113:
2093:
2082:SCSI targets
2076:
2031:
2010:
2006:
2005:
1988:host adapter
1985:
1974:
1971:SCA adapters
1965:
1961:
1952:
1947:Single-ended
1945:
1933:
1920:
1908:
1905:
1900:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1870:
1862:host adapter
1859:
1852:
1835:
1831:
1819:micro ribbon
1816:
1812:
1797:
1778:message code
1765:
1737:
1721:
1711:on the bus.
1676:
1631:
1446:single-ended
1443:
1417:
1283:Signal name
1276:
1273:SCSI signals
1262:
1260:
1247:
1237:
1235:
1230:
1228:
1202:
1189:
1181:
1172:
1168:
1166:
1157:
1151:
1142:single-ended
1135:
1131:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1077:
1047:
1038:
1028:
1019:
1010:
1001:
988:
974:LVD 125 ± 10
815:Ultra3 SCSI
706:Ultra2 SCSI
434:Narrow SCSI
323:
312:
307:
304:Ultra-2 SCSI
303:
300:Ultra-2 SCSI
299:
291:
287:
279:
277:
269:
233:
229:
221:
205:
189:
181:parallel bus
172:
168:
164:
163:
154:ribbon cable
131:
116:
110:January 2007
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
3101:CoreConnect
3080:ExpressCard
3008:Thunderbolt
2998:Camera Link
2781:Bus and Tag
2467:Address bus
2462:Control bus
2457:Daisy chain
2062:PCI Express
2058:Thunderbolt
2038:ExpressCard
2009:(initially
1841:Termination
1790:status code
1745:Reselection
1736:(CDB) to a
1703:Arbitration
1360:REQ Request
1349:MSG Message
1251:hard drives
1177:terminators
891:(SCA/SCA-2)
831:(SCA/SCA-2)
573:Ultra SCSI
386:Impedance (
373:Throughput
368:Electrical
167:(formally,
2954:ACCESS.bus
2853:Peripheral
2653:InfiniBand
2648:HP GSC bus
2442:System bus
2342:2017-05-20
2307:Maximum PC
2286:2024-02-22
2266:2024-02-22
2105:References
1996:BIOS setup
1992:terminator
1855:terminated
1750:tape drive
1305:SEL Select
1297:Bus in use
1238:Ultra-160+
1160:Ultra SCSI
669:SE 90 ± 6
610:SE 90 ± 6
564:SE 90 ± 6
528:Wide SCSI
516:SE 90 ± 6
480:Fast SCSI
475:SE 5
352:Connector
343:Interface
288:Ultra SCSI
280:standards:
248:IP network
225:parity bit
208:parity bit
192:peripheral
185:terminated
80:newspapers
2915:Lightning
2865:Atari SIO
2740:SpaceWire
2573:Zorro III
2513:S-100 bus
2508:SS-50 bus
2501:Standards
2421:standards
2414:Technical
2151:March 18,
1722:initiator
1716:Selection
1690:Comments
1638:Bus-width
1473:TERMPOWER
1458:Bus width
1422:TERMPOWER
1409:bus phase
1316:RST Reset
1300:Bus free
1269:instead.
1257:Ultra-640
1244:Ultra-320
1231:Ultra-160
1126:Wide SCSI
1122:Fast SCSI
923:125 ± 10
866:125 ± 10
806:125 ± 10
746:125 ± 10
471:SE 90 ± 6
393:Voltage (
292:Fast SCSI
258:Standards
156:used for
3154:Category
3141:Category
3116:Wishbone
3089:Embedded
3068:Portable
2988:Profibus
2920:DMX512-A
2806:Parallel
2658:Ethernet
2568:Zorro II
2518:Multibus
2419:de facto
2050:FireWire
1709:11111011
1695:Bus-free
1641:ID width
1620:SCSI IDs
1482:Reserved
1294:BSY Busy
1263:Fast-320
952:160 DDR
709:Fast-40
576:Fast-20
531:SCSI-2;
383:Devices
376:Length (
365:Maximum
252:Ethernet
139:Amphenol
3121:SLIMbus
3075:PC Card
3059:TOSLINK
2749:Storage
2703:RapidIO
2583:FASTBUS
2538:STD Bus
2435:General
2027:Adaptec
2017:Laptops
1876:have a
1773:Message
1729:Command
1679:command
1589:LVD/HVD
1525:LVD/HVD
1476:DIFFSNS
1470:Control
1461:Voltage
1431:DIFFSNS
1199:Ultra-3
1186:Ultra-2
1074:package
1072:PLCC-84
942:68-pin;
898:80 DDR
885:68-pin;
825:68-pin;
774:/SCA-2)
764:68-pin;
715:50-pin
641:68-pin
536:68-pin
431:SCSI-1
358:Clock (
273:Adaptec
218:History
151:twisted
149:68-pin
94:scholar
3054:S/PDIF
2945:1-Wire
2910:RS-485
2905:RS-423
2900:RS-422
2895:RS-232
2756:ST-506
2713:NVLink
2563:STEbus
2523:Unibus
2243:
2189:May 7,
2128:
2034:PCMCIA
1901:active
1785:Status
1762:sector
1738:target
1660:16-bit
1586:16-bit
1554:16-bit
1485:Total
1479:GROUND
1467:Parity
1437:GROUND
1169:narrow
1148:SCSI-3
1118:SCSI-2
1102:SCSI-2
1088:parity
1059:SCSI-1
1033:SPI-5.
945:80-pin
888:80-pin
828:80-pin
767:80-pin
582:IDC50
411:Mbit/s
308:SCSI-3
242:. The
223:ninth
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
3049:McASP
3017:Audio
2962:SMBus
2958:PMBus
2940:UNI/O
2880:HP-IL
2833:SATAe
2818:ESCON
2791:HIPPI
2623:NuBus
2578:CAMAC
2548:Q-Bus
2543:SMBus
2528:VAXBI
2425:wired
2336:(PDF)
2310:: 50.
2068:Notes
1924:FC-AL
1687:Phase
1663:4-bit
1652:3-bit
1649:8-bit
1522:8-bit
1490:8-bit
958:5120
904:2560
847:1280
244:iSCSI
171:, or
101:JSTOR
87:books
18:SCSI3
3160:SCSI
3106:AMBA
3044:MADI
3029:AES3
2890:MIDI
2843:NVMe
2839:AHCI
2801:SCSI
2786:DSSI
2761:ESDI
2638:SBus
2598:EISA
2533:MBus
2423:for
2416:and
2241:ISBN
2191:2008
2153:2010
2126:ISBN
2060:-to-
2048:and
2002:SCAM
1823:MD50
1757:Data
1464:Data
1425:See
1173:wide
1124:and
1084:ANSI
967:N/A
961:N/A
955:640
913:N/A
907:N/A
901:320
856:N/A
850:N/A
844:160
790:N/A
787:640
730:N/A
727:320
698:N/A
695:N/A
684:N/A
681:N/A
678:1.5
659:N/A
656:N/A
653:320
625:N/A
622:N/A
600:N/A
597:1.5
594:160
554:N/A
548:160
506:N/A
461:N/A
404:MB/s
238:and
177:SCSI
73:news
3110:AXI
3039:I²S
2993:USB
2978:D²B
2973:SPI
2968:I3C
2950:I²C
2885:HIL
2870:DCB
2841:or
2828:SSA
2811:SAS
2771:SMD
2766:IPI
2688:AGP
2678:PXI
2668:PCI
2663:UPA
2643:VLB
2633:MCA
2618:VPX
2613:VXS
2608:VXI
2603:VME
2588:LPC
2558:ISA
2046:USB
1666:16
1613:68
1581:68
1549:50
1517:50
1214:CRC
1111:AMD
1092:ATA
1070:in
970:16
964:10
949:16
921:LVD
916:16
910:12
895:16
864:LVD
859:16
853:12
840:DDR
838:40
835:16
804:LVD
799:16
796:25
793:12
784:80
781:40
778:16
772:SCA
744:LVD
736:25
733:12
724:40
721:40
665:16
662:25
650:40
647:20
644:16
603:25
591:20
588:20
560:16
557:25
545:20
542:10
539:16
509:25
500:80
497:10
494:10
464:25
455:40
441:IDC
425:HVD
420:LVD
360:MHz
201:PCI
173:SPI
158:LVD
56:by
3156::
2960:,
2956:,
2304:.
2223:^
2161:^
1829:.
1788:A
1776:A
1724:.
1655:8
1598:18
1592:32
1575:34
1560:16
1557:SE
1543:12
1534:18
1528:16
1511:30
1493:SE
1398:^
1136:A
739:8
718:8
701:4
692:3
687:8
628:4
619:3
606:8
585:8
551:3
512:8
503:3
491:8
467:8
458:6
452:5
449:5
446:8
413:)
406:)
397:)
390:)
380:)
362:)
332:.
310:.
254:.
214:.
187:.
3112:)
3108:(
2964:)
2952:(
2406:e
2399:t
2392:v
2345:.
2289:.
2269:.
2249:.
2218:.
2206:.
2193:.
2155:.
1610:2
1607:7
1604:1
1601:4
1595:4
1578:2
1572:1
1569:4
1566:9
1563:2
1546:0
1540:1
1537:1
1531:2
1514:0
1508:1
1505:1
1502:9
1499:1
1496:8
1411:.
996:.
770:(
409:(
402:(
395:V
388:Ω
378:m
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
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