1384:. The way you go down low deep into the neck... and I would do anything... and I would do anything. And Patty Hearst, you standing there in front of the Symbionese Liberation Army flag with your legs spread. I was wondering: were you gettin' it every night from a black revolutionary man and his women? Or were you really dead? And now that you're on the run, what goes on in your mind? Your sisters they sit by the window. You know, your mama does sit and cry. And your daddy—well, you know what your daddy said Patty. You know what your daddy said, Patty? He said... he said... he said.... "Well, sixty days ago she was such a lovely child. Now here she is, with a gun in her hand.
935:, which had twice aired her profile. She was prosecuted in Los Angeles by its deputy district attorneys. Before going to trial in 2001, she pleaded guilty to possession of explosives with the intent to murder and was sentenced to two consecutive terms of ten years to life. In negotiation of the plea bargain, she had been told that she would serve no more than eight years. She attempted to change her plea, telling the judge that she had pleaded guilty only because she believed she could not receive a fair trial for bombing charges after the
532:, also SLA founding members, were arrested during an armed encounter with police. After police found extensive SLA materials at a house the group was renting, the two were charged with Foster's murder. Both men were convicted of murder in 1975 and sentenced to life imprisonment. Seven years later, on June 5, 1981, Little's conviction was overturned by the California Court of Appeal. He was later acquitted in a retrial in Monterey County. Remiro remains incarcerated; his eleven parole requests have been rejected.
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695:, to shop for supplies. While Emily made the purchases, Bill decided to shoplift a bandolier. When a security guard confronted him, Bill Harris brandished a revolver. The guard knocked the gun out of his hand and handcuffed William's left wrist. Hearst, on armed lookout from the group's van across the street, began shooting at the store's overhead sign. Everyone in the store but the Harrises took cover, and the couple fled the store, jumping into the van and escaping with Hearst.
1219:, a writer and sports activist. While not an SLA member, he aided them as fugitives in the hope of writing a book with them about the Hearst kidnapping and other activities. Jack Scott participated in transporting the Harrises and Hearst, then fugitive SLA members, to different parts of the US, including his farmhouse in Pennsylvania. He volunteered to shelter them in hopes of writing a book on them with their cooperation. Scott, sports editor for the radical magazine
581:
one of the four distribution points. The crowds were much greater than expected, and people were injured as panicked workers threw boxes of food off moving trucks into the crowd. After the SLA demanded that a community coalition called the
Western Addition Project Area Committee be put in charge of food distribution, it organized the distribution of 100,000 bags of groceries at 16 locations across four counties between February 26 and the end of March.
1171:(alias Sara Jane Olson), a friend of Atwood. Soliah became more involved after her friend Atwood's death in the LAPD 1974 shootout. After being arrested in 1999 following decades as a fugitive, she pleaded guilty of charges related to her role in placing explosives intended for bombing the LAPD, and the California bank robbery and murder. She served seven years of a 14-year sentence before gaining parole in 2009.
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fire was extinguished, police recovered 19 firearms—including rifles, pistols, and shotguns. It was one of the largest police shootouts in U.S. history with a reported total of over 9,000 rounds being fired (4,000 by the SLA and 5,000 by police). There were no casualties among law enforcement, firefighters, or civilians outside the house.
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expressed increasing support for the aims of the SLA. She eventually denounced her former life, her parents, and fiancé. She later claimed that at that point, when the SLA had ostensibly given her the option of being released or joining the SLA, she had believed she would be killed if she turned them down. She began using the
1392:, Smith sings in the voice of Hearst angrily repudiating both her privileged upbringing and the mainstream society that condemned her as a spoiled, vacuous "pretty little rich girl" who became a terrorist. Smith made this recording when Patty Hearst was still a fugitive and members of the SLA were still at large.
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Sara Jane Olson was expecting to receive a sentence of 5 years and 4 months, but "in stiffening Olson's sentence ..., the prison board turned to a seldom-used section of state law, allowing it to recalculate sentences for old crimes in light of new, tougher sentencing guidelines." Olson was sentenced
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During the shootout, police continued to fire dozens of tear gas grenades into the house, attempting to force out the SLA members. About two hours into the shootout, the house caught fire, probably due to an exploding tear gas canister. As the house began to burn, two women left from the rear and one
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The SLA believed it had to recruit new members and recognized that it had alienated the radical community in the Bay Area by assassinating Marcus Foster. Cinque suggested moving the organization to his former neighborhood in South
Central Los Angeles, where he had friends whom they might recruit. The
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The SLA's next action was the armed robbery of the
Hibernia Bank branch at 1450 Noriega Street in San Francisco, on April 15, 1974. The group needed money and chose this site, because they wanted to make a public statement and knew it had cameras, but they shot and wounded two people in the course of
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The SLA next demanded a ransom from the
Hearsts, in the form of a food distribution program. The value of food to be distributed fluctuated: on February 23 the demand was for $ 4 million; it peaked at $ 400 million. Although free food was distributed, the operation was halted when violence erupted at
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Some SLA members had mistakenly believed that killing Foster would gain support for them in the Black community and help them recruit new members; instead they alienated most black people and other leftists by this crime. Harry
Reynolds, a deputy superintendent in the system, said those who published
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features a Maoist insurgent group, the
Ecumenical Liberation Army. Although the film distinguishes it from the SLA, it is plainly a parody of the group and its relationship with the television business. Over the course of the film, the ELA kidnaps an heiress and reeducates her into the group, robs a
1083:), arrested and convicted for the shooting of Marcus Foster. Little was in custody during the time when Patty Hearst was with the SLA. Little was sentenced to life in prison in April 1975. He appealed, winning a new trial in 1981 at which he was acquitted of the Foster murder. He now lives in Hawaii.
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had been pursued due to new evidence developed through the efforts of the Los
Angeles deputy district attorneys who had prosecuted Olson. On January 16, 2002, first-degree murder charges for the killing of Myrna Opsahl were filed against Sara Jane Olson, Emily Harris, William Harris, Michael Bortin,
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The rest died inside, from smoke inhalation, burns and gunshot wounds. The coroner's report concluded that Donald DeFreeze committed suicide by shooting himself in the side of the head. Atwood, Willie Wolfe, and
Patricia Soltysik died of smoke inhalation and burns. After the shooting stopped and the
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The SLA abandoned the van, but because of the shoplifting and shooting, police examined the vehicle. They found a parking ticket that had the address of the group's new location (their so-called safe house.) The rest of the SLA fled that house after seeing news coverage of the shooting at the sports
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On
November 7, 2002, Olson, the Harrises, and Bortin pleaded guilty to reduced second-degree murder charges. The Harrises had divorced, and Emily had taken back her surname of Montague. She admitted to holding the murder weapon at the bank but said that the shotgun had gone off accidentally. Hearst
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after having been a fugitive since 1975. He was extradited to the United States to face federal explosives and passport fraud charges. Prosecutors alleged that a pipe bomb had been found in
Kilgore's apartment in 1975 and that he had obtained a passport under a false name. He pleaded guilty to the
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Initiated in 1969 by black inmates, the volunteer program was intended to have college students help educate inmates in a variety of classes and prepare them for life after prison. It also sponsored cultural events that were open to community attendees. This program attracted chiefly white student
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I went down to Minnie's every Thursday evening to play some cards and drink a little. I fell asleep early and when I woke up around two a.m. I saw four white women and three dudes—two blacks and one white. I saw guns spread out all over the floor, an' I asked them why they had guns, more than I'd
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Although Foster had been the first black school superintendent of any major public school system, the SLA condemned him in their flyers for his supposed plan to introduce identification cards into Oakland schools, calling him "fascist". Foster had already gained the support of the school board to
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Investigators say bullets used in the murder of Oakland's school superintendent contained cyanide. Roland Prahl, chief investigator for the Alameda County coroner's office, said Friday that five slugs recovered during the autopsy on the superintendent, Marcus Foster, had the "distinctive odor of
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The SLA subjected Hearst to indoctrination in SLA ideology. In Hearst's taped recordings, used to announce demands and conditions, on day thirteen of her capture, Hearst can be heard extemporaneously expressing SLA ideology. With each successive taped communiqué, as the group called them, Hearst
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used the Stockholm syndrome argument as part of her defense at trial. He claimed that she had been confined in a closet barely large enough for her to lie down in; that her contact with the outside world was regulated by her captors; and that she was regularly threatened with execution. Hearst's
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Sentences were handed down on February 14, 2003, in Sacramento for the four defendants in the Opsahl murder case. Montague was sentenced to eight years for second degree murder. Her former husband, William Harris, was sentenced to seven years, and Bortin to six years. Olson was sentenced to six
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These were not political radicals, Blackburn said of the SLA. They were uniquely mediocre and stunningly off-base. The people in the SLA had no grounding in history. They swung from the world of being thumb-in-the-mouth cheerleaders to self-described revolutionaries with nothing but rhetoric to
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At this stage, SLA member Russell Little, who was being held in jail pending a trial, said that he believed the SLA had entirely lost sight of its goals. He believed they got sidetracked into a confrontation with the Los Angeles Police Department rather than educating the public in a political
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The FBI conducted an unsuccessful search for Hearst as the SLA took refuge in a number of safe houses. Hearst later claimed she was subjected to a series of ordeals while in SLA captivity; her mother later described these as "brainwashing". The announced change in Hearst's politics through the
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A young child walked out, along with an older man. The man said that no one else was in the house, but the child intervened, saying there were several people and they had guns and ammunition. After several more attempts to get people to leave the house, a member of the SWAT team fired
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came out of the house. Police later said they fatally shot Hall in the head as she aimed a weapon toward them; Perry was shooting at them, and they shot her twice. After Hall fell to the ground, Atwood pulled her body back into the house. Perry's body remained outside the house.
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on explosives and conspiracy charges. She was accused of planting pipe bombs under two LAPD squad cars in August 1975, intending to kill police officers in retaliation for the six SLA members who died in the May 17, 1974 shootout in Los Angeles. The devices did not detonate.
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had earlier said that Montague had dismissed the murder at the time saying, "She was a bourgeois pig anyway. Her husband is a doctor." In court, Montague denied having said this. She added, "I do not want to believe that we ever considered her life insignificant."
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After a long and highly publicized search, Hearst was captured on September 18, 1975, along with the Harrises, Steven Soliah, and Yoshimura; they had been found in San Francisco safe houses. In Hearst's arrest affidavit, she claimed that SLA members had used
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lawyer said that she had been raped by both DeFreeze and Wolfe. Both men were among those who died in 1974 in a firefight with police, years before Hearst's capture and trial. The SLA publicly claimed to be holding Hearst according to the conditions of the
860:, in the Sacramento area. During the robbery, Emily Harris discharged her shotgun and accidentally shot and killed customer Myrna Lee Opsahl, a 42-year-old mother of four children. Five SLA members were ultimately charged in this murder and robbery.
1093:), arrested with Russell Little and convicted of Foster's fatal shooting. The SLA tried to gain freedom for Little and Remiro after their kidnapping of Hearst. Remiro was sentenced to life in prison in April 1975. He is serving the sentence at
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The SLA leadership was decimated: Donald DeFreeze (General Cinque), Patricia Soltysik (Mizmoon or Zoya) and Nancy Ling Perry had all died. The other dead were also founding members: Angela Atwood ("General Gelina"), Camilla Hall ("Gabi"), and
1148:), Emily Harris's husband and self-proclaimed leader of the SLA following DeFreeze's death, was convicted and imprisoned for the Hearst kidnapping and California bank murder. He was paroled in September 2006. The Harrises divorced.
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On March 17, 2009, Sarah Olson was released after serving seven years of her 14-year sentence. She was to check in with her parole officer in Los Angeles where it would be determined if she would be allowed to serve her parole in
813:, a married couple who were founding members, remained at large as fugitives with Hearst. Claiming to lead the SLA, they later picked up a few more members and committed more crimes, including the 1975 armed robbery of a bank in
1177:, Kathleen Soliah's boyfriend during the SLA period. As a fugitive, he escaped to South Africa, where he made a new life for years. He is now a research scholar at the Center for African Studies at the University of Illinois.
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shop. The SLA took over a house occupied by Christine Johnson and Minnie Lewisin, at 1466 East 54th Street. Among those in the house at the time was a 17-year-old neighbor named Brenda Daniels, who was sleeping on the couch.
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Initially the Harrises and Hearst stayed in the Bay area. By early the next year, Bill and Emily Harris were leaders. They had taken refuge with Hearst for a period on the East Coast, where they were aided by former radical
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on March 5, 1973, by walking away while on work duty in a boiler room located outside the perimeter fence. He had earlier been incarcerated at Vacaville, where he met some future student volunteers who joined the SLA.
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Most of the small group were apprehended in 1975 and brought to trial; most accepted plea deals and served several years in prison. As of 2017, all but one of the surviving SLA members have been released from prison.
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They intended the political symbiosis to encompass the unity of all left-wing struggles: feminist, anti-racist, anti-capitalist, and others. They wanted all races, genders, and ages to fight together in a left-wing
996:, with her husband and three daughters. Several officials, including the Governor of Minnesota, urged that she serve her parole in California, but she was finally allowed to return to Minnesota and serve it there.
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Area TV stations all covered the shootout and conflagration. They took advantage of new broadcasting technology, such as smaller portable cameras that made their mobile units more nimble. Holed up in a hotel in
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During its existence from 1973 to 1975, the group murdered at least two people, committed armed bank robberies, attempted bombings and other violent crimes, including the kidnapping in 1974 of newspaper heiress
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the flyers had "irresponsible flapping at the mouth." In addition, he said "somebody didn't like this guy bringing all these people together. They may have been jealous of the type of progress he was making."
1376:" begins with a salacious and provocative monologue about Patty Hearst and the SLA. She put a feminist spin on lyrics that Hendrix wrote about a man who murders his adulterous wife and flees to Mexico.
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and James Kilgore in Sacramento. All were living "above ground" and were quickly arrested except for Kilgore. He had been living in South Africa and remained at large for nearly another year.
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came out to the front (she had come in drunk the previous night, passed out, and woken up in the middle of the siege); all were taken into custody, but were found not to be SLA members.
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that had been converted to fully automatic fire. Police also reported that the SLA had made homemade grenades from 35 mm film canisters, and had thrown them at responding officers.
790:("Kahjoh", misspelled by the media at the time as "Cujo"). Perry's body was outside, but the others were all found in a crawl space under the house, which had burned down around them.
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SLA had difficulty getting established there. They relied on commandeering housing and supplies, generating resentment among the people who protected their secrecy and security.
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At 10:00 a.m., three armed SLA members rushed into the bank, including Hearst holding a rifle. Security camera footage of Hearst was carried internationally. In her memoir,
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On April 26, 2004, Kilgore was sentenced to 54 months in prison for the explosives and passport fraud charges. He was the last remaining SLA member to face federal prosecution.
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After Remiro and Little were arrested, the remaining SLA members considered kidnapping an important figure in order to negotiate the release of their jailed comrades. The US
246:, the black Superintendent of Oakland Public Schools, and wounded his deputy superintendent Robert Blackburn. This murder alienated the SLA from the local radical community.
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Smith's version effectively casts Patty Hearst in the role of Joe "with a gun in her hand"—a violent criminal rebelling against the law and all civil authority. Before the
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and Russell Little, concerned with the potential for exposure through surveillance at the high-profile Peking House, arranged for DeFreeze to move in with their associate
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The SLA issued an ultimatum to the Hearst family, namely, that they would release Patty in exchange for the freedom of Remiro and Little. Law enforcement rejected this.
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726:(LAPD) said that several heavily armed people were staying at the caller's daughter's house. That afternoon, more than 400 LAPD officers, under the command of Captain
984:. She reunited with her family in California on March 17, 2008. But after a discovery that her release was premature because of a clerical error, she was arrested at
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and we define its meaning as a body of dissimilar bodies and organisms living in deep and loving harmony and partnership in the best interest of all within the body.
402:, where he had made contacts with members of Venceremos. After escaping, he sought refuge among these contacts, and stayed at a commune known as Peking House in the
1346:
produced a six-part docuseries on Patty Hearst. It featured on-air statements by several former members of the SLA. The report also contained several statements by
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remains incarcerated. Little said that Soltysik, Perry, and DeFreeze were the ones who shot Foster and Blackburn. They died in the 1974 shootout in Los Angeles.
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projectiles into the structure. SLA members responded with bursts of automatic gunfire, and a violent gun battle began. The police were firing semi-automatic
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668:, she denied having participated willingly in the robbery and said she was threatened by other members. The group took more than $ 10,000 in the robbery.
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team used a bullhorn to announce, "Occupants of 1466 East 54th Street, this is the Los Angeles Police Department speaking. Come out with your hands up!"
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2884:. Bergenfield, N.J.: New American Library, 1975. 224+ pp., ill., ports., facsim., index, 22 cm. Also published: London: New English Library, 1975.
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story announcing her betrothal to Steven Weed, which published their address. The SLA choice of Hearst was for maximum news coverage of their action.
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revealing an action was planned for the "full moon of January 7". The FBI did not take any precautions, and the SLA did not act until a month later.
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years, adding two consecutively to the 14-year sentence she had already received. All sentences were the maximum allowed under their plea bargains.
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Hearst later pleaded guilty and was sentenced to seven years in prison on charges related to this. After she served two years in prison, President
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She was convicted of the Hibernia Bank robbery and sentenced to seven years in prison. After she had been in prison for 21 months, US President
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As a state's witness, Hearst had been given immunity, but the plea bargains meant that no trial was held and she never testified on this case.
594:, a psychological response in which a hostage exhibits apparent loyalty to the abductor. Hearst was later examined by specialist psychologist
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The SLA distributed photographs, news releases and radio-quality taped interviews in which they explained their activities to the press. The
1193:, a violent activist group. She was convicted and imprisoned for the California bank robbery and murder with the SLA, and was later paroled.
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After the four returned to the Bay area, the SLA members recruited activists and siblings Steve and Kathleen Soliah, Kathleen's boyfriend
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568:, was abducted from her Berkeley residence at Apartment 4, 2603 Benvenue Avenue. This was less than three months after a November 1973
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Since that time the SLA's activities have been covered in other ways in the media. These include films and television shows, such as:
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895:. The Harrises were convicted for their part in the Hearst kidnapping and spent eight years in prison. Police allegedly consulted
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by Tarn Adams is a satirical game that allows the player to change policies using the methods of the SLA in order to win the game.
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Perry and Hall exited the house, but were shot by officers who concluded they were trying to kill police rather than surrender.
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Some sources have suggested that DeFreeze was an informant from 1967 to 1969 for the Public Disorder Intelligence Unit of the
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ever seen in my life. They didn't answer, and, instead, the black dude asked me my name and then introduced me to everyone.
2921:. New York: Warner, 1976. (Weed was Hearst's fiancé at the time of the kidnapping. That was the end of their relationship.)
2408:"Last SLA fugitive enters guilty plea / James Kilgore admits to federal charges he possessed pipe bomb in Daly City in '75"
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In their manifesto "Symbionese Liberation Army Declaration of Revolutionary War & the Symbionese Program", co-founders
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1753:"The Symbionese Federation and the Symbionese Liberation Army Declaration of Revolutionary War and the Symbionese Program"
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1165:), kidnapped and became a member of SLA. Arrested in 1975 and imprisoned for robbery, released in 1979, pardoned in 2001.
939:. She said that she was innocent of the making, possessing, or placing of the pipe bombs. The judge refused her request.
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The Voices of Guns: The Definitive and Dramatic Story of the Twenty-two-month Career of the Symbionese Liberation Army
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922:. She lived as a fugitive for 21 years, changing her name and creating a new upper-middle-class life under the alias
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After being apprehended following years as fugitives, four of them pleaded guilty to reduced charges in early 2002.
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Bonnie Jean Wilder, Seanna, Sally (a friend of Remiro's), and Bridget. Hearst identifies each of them in her book
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and notified that her right to travel out of state had been rescinded. She was returned to prison for a year.
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from his classes in African American linguistics, were encouraged to conduct prisoner outreach at Vacaville.
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was supposed to shoot Blackburn, she kind of botched that and DeFreeze ended up shooting him with a shotgun.
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421:. DeFreeze and Soltysik became lovers and began to outline the plans for founding the "Symbionese Nation".
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As of 2016, founding member Joseph Remiro remains incarcerated, serving a life sentence for the murder of
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On May 16, 1974, William and Emily Harris entered Mel's Sporting Goods Store in the Los Angeles suburb of
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Robert Blackburn, who served for a time as acting superintendent, later discussed how wrong the SLA was:
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and badly wounded his deputy, Robert Blackburn, as the two men left an Oakland school board meeting. The
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focuses on a group of criminals with nearly similar motives and tactics as the SLA, later identified as
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to 14 years — later reduced to 13 years — plus six years for her role in the Opsahl killing.
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68:(died in police shootout May 17, 1974, aged 30), William Harris, alias "General Teko" (captured in 1975)
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1587:"5 Who Died in Siege Identified as S.L.A. Members; Miss Hearst Not Among Victims in Gunfight on Coast"
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left in October 1973, disagreeing with plans for violence, DeFreeze was the SLA's only black member.
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1141:), was convicted of the Hearst kidnapping and bank robbery murder. She was paroled in February 2007.
1101:. With repeated rejections of requests for parole, he is the only member of the SLA still in prison.
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organization to rise from the American left. Six members died in a May 1974 shootout with police in
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Customer Myrna Opsahl was shot dead as she stood depositing church receipts, killing her instantly.
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These three were responsible for the assassination of Marcus Foster and wounding of his deputy.
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commuted the remainder of her sentence. President Bill Clinton gave her an official pardon.
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activists, including those who promoted discussions of political and social justice issues.
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The SLA formed from people who met during prisoner outreach programs supported by the group
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2826:"Patti Smith's Passionate Covers of Jimi Hendrix, Nirvana, Jefferson Airplane & Prince"
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a compilation of the writings and transcribed recordings of the Symbionese Liberation Army
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From the beginning, the small group was made up overwhelmingly of white members. After
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The FBI arrested Soliah/Olson in 1999 after a tip was received by the television show
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Automatic weapons fire continued from the house. At this point, Nancy Ling Perry and
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1937:"American Experience | Guerrilla: The Taking of Patty Hearst | Transcript"
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American Heiress: The Wild Saga of the Kidnapping, Crimes and Trial of Patty Hearst.
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American Heiress: The Wild Saga of the Kidnapping, Crimes and Trial of Patty Hearst
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149:
133:
2204:
866:
429:
1832:"The Rise and Fall of the Symbionese Liberation Army | American Experience | PBS"
1426:
also used the cobra symbol to represent their street team known as the "LStaff".
1072:, Wheeler's girlfriend, left the SLA after receiving death threats from DeFreeze.
980:
After serving six years of her prison sentence, Sarah Jane Olson was released on
844:
where her parents were held during World War II, all the new members were white.
211:
The pursuit and prosecution of SLA members lasted until 2003, when former member
3587:
3582:
3532:
3491:
3476:
3466:
3424:
1447:
1365:
1260:
727:
625:
205:
193:
129:
117:
90:
2849:
Fictions Inc.: The Corporation in Postmodern Fiction, Film, and Popular Culture
484:
symbol, using it as a logo. The SLA featured this image on their publications.
3557:
3537:
3511:
3404:
3088:
2907:
1456:
1413:
included the seven-headed cobra symbol on the front cover of their 1998 album
1410:
1402:
bank, and negotiates with the titular network for its own prime-time program,
1240:
1086:
822:
763:
558:
529:
371:
368:
360:
254:
100:
3014:
2317:
3506:
943:
919:
460:
438:
434:
320:
201:
17:
1239:
was formed as an above-ground support group for the SLA, and distributed a
1006:. He is the only SLA member still in prison and was up for parole in 2019.
910:
2483:
1913:
Around the Nation: Russell Little is Acquitted of Slaying on Coast in 1973
3552:
3221:
2777:
1051:), major theorist with Soltysik, killed in LAPD shootout on May 17, 1974.
896:
751:
564:
On February 4, 1974, publishing heiress Patty Hearst, a sophomore at the
125:
113:
3009:
2943:
394:
DeFreeze had been active in the Black Cultural Association while at the
1373:
1183:
Michael Bortin, married to Josephine Soliah, sister to Kathleen Soliah.
999:
On May 10, 2009, James Kilgore was released from prison in California.
505:
364:
324:
258:
1380:
Honey, the way you play guitar makes me feel so... makes me feel so...
200:
and wider American law enforcement considered the SLA to be the first
3001:
The Political and Social Program of the SLA Manifesto (redacted 1974)
2682:"There Are Still No Easy Answers in the Curious Case of Patty Hearst"
2231:"Patty Hearst's wild true-crime saga revisited in 'American Heiress'"
2178:"SLA's judgment day / '70s group plead guilty in deadly bank robbery"
1423:
1354:
The docuseries indirectly adapts Toobin's book as part of the report.
1041:), major theorist with Perry, killed in LAPD shootout on May 17, 1974
981:
852:
On April 21, 1975, the SLA members conducted an armed robbery of the
535:
Russell Little said later that in fact Soltysik had shot Foster, and
336:
3190:
891:
commuted the sentence to time served. She was pardoned by President
2980:
1775:
914:
The house where Soliah lived as a fugitive in Saint Paul, Minnesota
3294:
3005:
2644:. This commercial site offers this pamphlet for sale, dated 6/74.
1861:"Killings in Oakland Turn Air of Optimism Into One of Rising Fear"
909:
865:
496:, California, two members of the SLA killed school superintendent
481:
428:
2707:"GitHub – Kamal-Sadek/Liberal-Crime-Squad: An updated version of
1819:
cyanide." A coroner's report verified the presence of the poison.
1460:; it is about the Patty Hearst case and the ensuing controversy.
2992:
2926:
2864:
Imagine Nation: The American Counterculture of the 1960s and 70s
2617:
Issues 1–10 (1975 to September 1976) are available for download.
743:
3194:
3018:
902:
On February 26, 1976, a Los Angeles county grand jury indicted
884:
to drug her and had forced her to take part in the bank raid.
267:. He had been active for a period in the Latino activist group
2945:
Neverland: The Rise and Fall of the Symbionese Liberation Army
2256:"The Reality of ESP: A Physicist's Proof of Psychic Abilities"
1430:
1334:
Neverland: The Rise and Fall of the Symbionese Liberation Army
881:
192:
organization active between 1973 and 1975; it claimed to be a
2628:"Symbionese Liberation Army: support / criticize / love them"
1131:), Soltysik's lover, killed in LAPD shootout on May 17, 1974.
2536:"U of Illinois: Officials broke email rules to hide content"
2433:"Ex-SLA member gets sentence reduced in attempted bombings"
3006:
Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library
143:
November 6, 1973: Murder of Oakland school superintendent
712:
Man, how can I tell? All white women look the same to me.
242:
In November 1973 the previously unknown SLA assassinated
182:
United Federated Forces of the Symbionese Liberation Army
55:
United Federated Forces of the Symbionese Liberation Army
1887:"Forgotten Footnote: Before Hearst, SLA killed educator"
1723:"Who were the Symbionese, and were they ever liberated?"
300:, about 45 miles from Berkeley. Student volunteers from
1953:
Who actually pulled the trigger that killed Foster was
647:(right) yelling commands at bank customers. SLA leader
363:. DeFreeze took the name Cinque from the leader of the
2656:"CNN's Patty Hearst Docuseries Shows Surprising Depth"
1189:, former member with her friend Willie Brandt of the
926:. She married a doctor and they had three daughters.
742:(LAFD), surrounded the neighborhood. The leader of a
3600:
3520:
3444:
3437:
3367:
3329:
3237:
3228:
3169:
3135:
3056:
304:, some recruited by graduate student and professor
261:, described as white in a February 1974 article in
170:
139:
107:
96:
82:
72:
59:
51:
34:
2982:The Other Parts Left out of the Patty Hearst Trial
2862:Braunstein, Peter; Doyle, Michael William (2013).
2484:"'Error' led to former SLA member's early release"
166:robbery resulting with the murder of Myrna Opsahl.
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1755:. feastofhateandfear. August 1973. Archived from
1533:"Symbionese Liberation Army: Terrorism From Left"
1478:"Symbionese Liberation Army: Terrorism From Left"
3010:Symbionese Liberation Army collection, 1973–1974
2081:Arlidge, John; Vulliamy, Ed (January 21, 2001).
1279:(1976), directed by Nate Rodgers (also known as
2739:. Archived from the original on August 13, 2018
1804:. November 11, 1973. p. A2. Archived from
704:
355:The SLA formed after the escape from prison by
3206:
3030:
2977:; House Committee on Internal Security report
2435:. Court TV. September 8, 2004. Archived from
1672:
1670:
1668:
1454:have a song named "She" on their debut album
918:Soliah went on the run, eventually moving to
722:The next day, an anonymous phone call to the
585:Conditions of early captivity of Patty Hearst
458:The name 'symbionese' is taken from the word
409:Venceremos associates and future SLA members
46:Flag/banner of the Symbionese Liberation Army
8:
2338:"Now ex-fugitive Olson wants to stand trial"
2306:"The amazing double life of Kathleen Soliah"
2172:
2170:
2136:. Court TV. October 12, 2001. Archived from
2105:
2103:
2083:"Clinton grants full pardon to Patty Hearst"
339:, appealed to a number of people, including
3693:1975 disestablishments in the United States
1332:(It was released under the alternate title
1153:Later members (after the Hearst kidnapping)
1121:), killed in LAPD shootout on May 17, 1974.
1111:), killed in LAPD shootout on May 17, 1974.
29:American terrorist organization (1973–1975)
3441:
3234:
3213:
3199:
3191:
3037:
3023:
3015:
1931:
1929:
1580:
1578:
1203:Josephine Soliah, Kathleen Soliah's sister
1180:Steven Soliah, brother to Kathleen Soliah.
239:were believed to share group leadership.
155:May 16, 1974: Mel's Sporting Goods shot up
31:
3245:Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee
2382:"Former SLA member James Kilgore paroled"
2356:"Former SLA member James Kilgore paroled"
504:used to kill Foster had been packed with
2511:. KTLA.com. May 10, 2009. Archived from
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1617:The Free Lance Star (Fredericksburg, VA)
762:rifles. The SLA members were armed with
639:
590:following months has been attributed to
528:On January 10, 1974, Russell Little and
2956:"Guerrilla: The Taking of Patty Hearst"
2560:Reed, Christopher (February 11, 2000).
1923:June 5, 1981. Retrieved April 30, 2008.
1854:
1852:
1469:
1319:(1989), written and directed by artist
1212:(1982) as potential members of the SLA.
942:The Opsahl murder/Crocker bank robbery
732:Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department
702:Daniels recalls the events that night:
679:Move to Los Angeles and police shootout
636:SLA actions while Hearst was a prisoner
557:(FBI) found documents at one abandoned
539:had shot Blackburn, aided by DeFreeze.
2801:"Patti Smith adds poetry to 'Hey Joe'"
2750:
1526:
1524:
153:April 15, 1974: Hibernia bank robbery
66:, alias "General Field Marshal Cinque"
2498:, radical set to be freed from prison
2304:Whittell, Giles (November 25, 2002).
2004:Guerrilla: The Taking of Patty Hearst
1987:Guerrilla: The Taking of Patty Hearst
1885:Taylor, Michael (November 14, 2002).
1703:. Emptymirrorbooks.com. June 21, 1972
1531:Caldwell, Early (February 23, 1974).
1326:Guerrilla: The Taking of Patty Hearst
1291:(1976), directed by Robert L. Roberts
476:The group adopted a seven-headed SLA
7:
3683:Crimes in the San Francisco Bay Area
2586:O'Neill, Ann W. (February 8, 2000).
2052:"Gallery: The Hibernia Bank Robbery"
1859:Caldwell, Earl (November 20, 1973).
1651:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group.
875:Hearst capture, trial and conviction
227:. Its spokesman was escaped convict
184:(commonly referred to simply as the
2115:. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1975.
2058:. February 16, 2005. Archived from
1429:The episode "Inheritance" from the
817:, in which a customer was killed.
598:, who came to the same conclusion.
473:, and to live together peacefully.
315:The idea of a South-American–style
2917:Weed, Steven, with Scott Swanton.
2887:Hearst, Patty, with Alvin Moscow,
2680:Liebman, Lisa (February 9, 2018).
2654:Garvin, Glenn (February 9, 2018).
1611:Rieterman, Tim (January 7, 1976).
1309:, based on Hearst's autobiography
1025:General Field Marshal Cinque Mtume
566:University of California, Berkeley
302:University of California, Berkeley
25:
3688:1973 establishments in California
3331:Students for a Democratic Society
2931:Sacramento: Spurl Editions, 2019.
2588:"Jack Scott, Friend to SLA, Dies"
2406:Egelko, Bob (February 22, 2003).
1613:"They thought he was a kidnapper"
1340:The Radical Story of Patty Hearst
986:Los Angeles International Airport
188:) was a small, American militant
3305:Up Against the Wall Motherfucker
3265:Maoist Internationalist Movement
3126:
2630:. Bolerium Books. Archived from
2534:Tarm, Michael (August 7, 2015).
2203:Sarah Brown (January 17, 2002).
2028:Welsh, Calvin (March 25, 1974).
2018:. Retrieved on January 21, 2007.
1585:Nordheimer, Jon (May 19, 1974).
437:for sale in a magazine store in
148:February 4, 1974: kidnapping of
40:
2275:"Was Patty Hearst Brainwashed?"
1677:Krassner, Paul (July 7, 1999).
555:Federal Bureau of Investigation
3703:Terrorism in the United States
2974:The Symbionese Liberation Army
2952:Directed by Robert Stone, 2004
2799:Wurzer, Cathy (June 5, 2014).
2733:"Patti Smith – Hey Joe Lyrics"
2380:Thompson, Don (May 11, 2009).
2354:Thompson, Don (May 11, 2009).
2273:Glenn Garvin (November 2016).
2229:Ross, Martha (July 31, 2016).
1729:. May 21, 2002. Archived from
1075:Russell Little (SLA pseudonym
1:
3410:Revolutionary Action Movement
1798:"Oakland Bullets Had Cyanide"
724:Los Angeles Police Department
417:in the relative anonymity of
398:, a state prison facility in
389:Los Angeles Police Department
367:rebellion that took over the
271:before it disbanded in 1973.
3415:Sojourner Truth Organization
3344:Revolutionary Youth Movement
2205:"America's hippy extremists"
1701:"Double Agent Paul Krassner"
1679:"Symbionese Liberation Army"
1237:Bay Area Research Collective
3315:Young Patriots Organization
2993:Death to the Fascist Insect
2927:Death to the Fascist Insect
2924:King, John Brian (editor).
2889:Patty Hearst: Her Own Story
1198:Associates and sympathizers
740:Los Angeles Fire Department
452:Patricia "Mizmoon" Soltysik
396:California Medical Facility
3719:
3678:Symbionese Liberation Army
3300:Symbionese Liberation Army
3048:Symbionese Liberation Army
2965:official web site for the
2919:My Search for Patty Hearst
2882:The Making of Tania Hearst
1770:Dante, Melanie G. (2007).
1295:The Ordeal of Patty Hearst
546:
543:Kidnapping of Patty Hearst
294:Black Cultural Association
35:Symbionese Liberation Army
3320:Youth International Party
3124:
2914:. New York: Putnam, 1977.
2757:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2112:This Soldier Still at War
1504:"FBI Los Angeles History"
1099:Crescent City, California
899:in searching for Hearst.
870:Emily Harris 1975 mugshot
736:California Highway Patrol
730:, along with FBI agents,
319:movement, similar to the
39:
3375:American Indian Movement
3368:Racial justice movements
2891:. New York: Avon, 1982.
1647:Toobin, Jeffrey (2016).
1409:The Norwegian rock band
1095:Pelican Bay State Prison
492:On November 6, 1973, in
275:Background and formation
3359:Worker Student Alliance
3280:Progressive Labor Party
3275:Peace and Freedom Party
2773:"Patti Smith Biography"
2615:. The Freedom Archives.
2496:Ex-1970s News.Yahoo.com
2342:San Francisco Chronicle
2182:San Francisco Chronicle
2030:"The Legacy of the SLA"
1891:San Francisco Chronicle
651:can be seen to the left
571:San Francisco Chronicle
488:Murder of Marcus Foster
351:DeFreeze escapes prison
3270:New Communist movement
3260:George Jackson Brigade
2486:, MSN, March 23, 2008.
1386:
1105:William (Willie) Wolfe
937:9/11 terrorist attacks
915:
871:
858:Carmichael, California
815:Carmichael, California
802:Return to the Bay Area
720:
652:
526:
512:change the proposal.
466:
443:
404:San Francisco Bay Area
379:DeFreeze escaped from
217:Carmichael, California
3698:American bank robbers
3385:Black Liberation Army
3380:Antonio Maceo Brigade
3339:New American Movement
2847:Clare, Ralph (2014).
2634:on September 14, 2016
2340:, Larry D. Hatfield,
2235:San Jose Mercury News
1939:. PBS. Archived from
1808:on September 27, 2007
1772:"Coming of the Cobra"
1558:"Terrorism 2002/2005"
1404:The Mao Tse-Tung Hour
1378:
994:Saint Paul, Minnesota
958:On November 8, 2002,
932:America's Most Wanted
913:
869:
854:Crocker National Bank
833:from San Francisco.
693:Inglewood, California
656:Hibernia Bank robbery
643:
630:Tania the Guerrillera
521:
456:
432:
400:Vacaville, California
335:and ideas drawn from
164:Crocker National Bank
3310:United Freedom Front
3255:Free Speech Movement
3008:, Emory University:
2592:Articles.latimes.com
2439:on September 9, 2004
2285:on December 20, 2016
1759:on October 20, 2003.
1433:action-drama series
1328:(2004), directed by
1305:(1988), directed by
1281:Sex Queen of the SLA
1259:(1975), directed by
848:Crocker Bank robbery
502:hollow-point bullets
381:Soledad State Prison
3420:White Panther Party
3395:Black Panther Party
3354:Weather Underground
2906:McLellan, Vin, and
2899:. (Original title:
2828:. December 11, 2014
2721:– via GitHub.
2709:Liberal Crime Squad
2540:The Washington Post
2344:, November 14, 2001
2134:"SLA: The shootout"
2062:on October 15, 2007
1802:The Washington Post
1484:. February 23, 1974
1359:Liberal Crime Squad
1175:Jim (James) Kilgore
1169:Kathleen Ann Soliah
904:Kathleen Ann Soliah
425:Beliefs and symbols
419:Concord, California
97:Active regions
3623:Liberated Barracks
3349:Venceremos Brigade
2961:2017-03-20 at the
2901:Every Secret Thing
2184:. November 8, 2002
2162:The Voices of Guns
2140:on August 15, 2007
2010:2017-03-20 at the
1943:on October 3, 2005
1919:The New York Times
1865:The New York Times
1591:The New York Times
1537:The New York Times
1482:The New York Times
1368:'s 1974 single of
1357:The freeware game
1344:Cable News Network
1311:Every Secret Thing
1209:Every Secret Thing
1191:Revolutionary Army
1037:Mizmoon Soltysik (
916:
872:
666:Every Secret Thing
653:
614:Geneva Conventions
607:Hearst's attorney
592:Stockholm syndrome
444:
264:The New York Times
74:Dates of operation
3665:
3664:
3630:National Guardian
3596:
3595:
3452:Theodor W. Adorno
3433:
3432:
3285:Rainbow Coalition
3229:Organizations and
3222:American New Left
3188:
3187:
3074:Patricia Soltysik
2713:. October 5, 2019
2515:on August 7, 2011
2465:on March 30, 2008
1342:(2018) (TV); the
1031:Patricia Soltysik
967:charges in 2003.
415:Patricia Soltysik
341:Patricia Soltysik
306:Colston Westbrook
233:Patricia Soltysik
194:vanguard movement
178:
177:
16:(Redirected from
3710:
3543:Bernardine Dohrn
3502:Erik Olin Wright
3497:Raymond Williams
3442:
3390:Black Liberators
3235:
3215:
3208:
3201:
3192:
3130:
3084:Nancy Ling Perry
3057:Founding members
3051:
3049:
3039:
3032:
3025:
3016:
2880:Boulton, David.
2868:
2867:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2822:
2816:
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2811:
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2744:
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2639:
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2616:
2609:
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2600:
2598:
2583:
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2574:
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2550:
2548:
2546:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2505:
2499:
2493:
2487:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2461:. Archived from
2459:"News.Yahoo.com"
2455:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2403:
2397:
2396:
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2377:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2351:
2345:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2324:
2310:The Sunday Times
2301:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2281:. Archived from
2270:
2264:
2263:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2212:
2200:
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2098:
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2069:
2067:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2025:
2019:
2000:
1994:
1983:
1964:
1963:
1959:Nancy Ling Perry
1950:
1948:
1933:
1924:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1856:
1847:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1815:
1813:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1778:on July 25, 2003
1774:. Archived from
1767:
1761:
1760:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1738:
1727:Straightdope.com
1719:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1697:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1674:
1663:
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1629:
1628:
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1608:
1602:
1601:
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1547:
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1528:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1474:
1441:The Emancipators
1416:Apocalypse Dudes
1350:, author of the
1321:Raymond Pettibon
1144:William Harris (
1045:Nancy Ling Perry
1015:Founding members
962:was arrested in
718:
602:Terence Hallinan
537:Nancy Ling Perry
327:, combined with
298:Vacaville Prison
288:, active in the
237:Nancy Ling Perry
162:April 21, 1975:
75:
44:
32:
21:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3707:
3668:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3642:Radical America
3592:
3516:
3487:C. Wright Mills
3482:Herbert Marcuse
3457:Murray Bookchin
3429:
3363:
3325:
3290:Red Guard Party
3230:
3224:
3219:
3189:
3184:
3165:
3148:Kathleen Soliah
3143:Wendy Yoshimura
3131:
3122:
3109:Mary Alice Siem
3064:Donald DeFreeze
3052:
3047:
3045:
3043:
2969:movie about SLA
2963:Wayback Machine
2940:
2877:
2875:Further reading
2872:
2871:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2831:
2829:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2809:
2807:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2783:
2781:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2749:
2742:
2740:
2737:Metrolyrics.com
2731:
2730:
2726:
2716:
2714:
2705:
2704:
2700:
2690:
2688:
2679:
2678:
2674:
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2652:
2648:
2637:
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2626:
2625:
2621:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2596:
2594:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2570:
2568:
2566:Theguardian.com
2559:
2558:
2554:
2544:
2542:
2533:
2532:
2528:
2518:
2516:
2507:
2506:
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52:Also known as
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3601:Publications
3528:Saul Alinsky
3472:Paul Goodman
3462:Noam Chomsky
3400:Brown Berets
3299:
3181:Myrna Opsahl
3153:Patty Hearst
3099:Willie Wolfe
3094:Emily Harris
3079:Camilla Hall
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2866:. p. 5.
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2830:. Retrieved
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2808:. Retrieved
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2782:. Retrieved
2776:
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2741:. Retrieved
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2727:
2715:. Retrieved
2708:
2701:
2689:. Retrieved
2685:
2675:
2663:. Retrieved
2659:
2649:
2636:. Retrieved
2632:the original
2622:
2613:"the dragon"
2607:
2595:. Retrieved
2591:
2581:
2569:. Retrieved
2565:
2562:"Jack Scott"
2555:
2543:. Retrieved
2539:
2529:
2517:. Retrieved
2513:the original
2503:
2491:
2479:
2467:. Retrieved
2463:the original
2453:
2441:. Retrieved
2437:the original
2427:
2415:. Retrieved
2411:
2401:
2389:. Retrieved
2385:
2375:
2363:. Retrieved
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323:movement in
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225:Patty Hearst
221:
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185:
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159:SLA Shootout
150:Patty Hearst
134:Anti-fascism
83:Headquarters
26:
18:SLA Shootout
3588:Bobby Seale
3583:Jerry Rubin
3568:John Jacobs
3533:Bob Avakian
3492:Ho Chi Minh
3477:Che Guevara
3467:Erich Fromm
3425:Young Lords
3322:("Yippies")
3119:Gary Atwood
3116:Russ Little
3113:Bill Harris
2805:Mprnews.org
2717:October 10,
2469:October 10,
1836:www.pbs.org
1562:www.fbi.gov
1542:October 13,
1508:www.fbi.gov
1488:October 13,
1448:Horror punk
1382:masochistic
1366:Patti Smith
1297:(1979) (TV)
1261:Joseph Zito
764:M1 carbines
738:(CHP), and
728:Mervin King
626:Che Guevara
347:"Mizmoon".
206:Los Angeles
130:Vanguardism
118:Anti-racism
91:Los Angeles
3672:Categories
3558:Tom Hayden
3538:Bill Ayers
3512:Mao Zedong
3445:Influences
3405:I Wor Kuen
3089:Joe Remiro
2908:Paul Avery
2832:January 3,
2810:January 3,
2743:January 3,
2691:January 3,
2665:January 3,
2660:Reason.com
2597:January 3,
2571:January 3,
2545:August 10,
2509:"KTLA.com"
2443:August 18,
2365:August 15,
2323:August 15,
2279:Reason.com
2211:August 18,
2144:August 18,
2092:August 15,
2066:August 18,
1870:August 13,
1841:August 15,
1812:August 18,
1782:August 18,
1737:August 18,
1567:October 4,
1464:References
1457:Static Age
1411:Turbonegro
1263:(based on
1245:The Dragon
1217:Jack Scott
1215:Micki and
856:branch in
823:Joe Remiro
688:dialogue.
559:safe house
376:in 1839.
369:slave ship
361:prostitute
286:Venceremos
269:Venceremos
255:Joe Remiro
101:California
3521:Activists
3507:Malcolm X
3231:movements
2318:0140-0460
2260:Spr.ac.uk
2240:August 6,
2164:, p. 286.
1897:March 17,
1623:August 2,
1596:August 8,
1422:The band
1256:Abduction
944:cold case
920:Minnesota
461:symbiosis
439:Stockholm
435:manifesto
321:Tupamaros
290:Palo Alto
202:terrorist
78:1973–1975
3649:Ramparts
3553:Ted Gold
2959:Archived
2784:July 27,
2778:AllMusic
2753:cite web
2519:June 24,
2417:June 19,
2391:June 19,
2188:July 16,
2036:June 24,
2008:Archived
1947:June 24,
1707:June 24,
1685:June 24,
1436:S.W.A.T.
1222:Ramparts
897:psychics
752:tear gas
734:(LASD),
715:—
454:wrote:
433:The SLA
190:far-left
126:New Left
114:Feminism
109:Ideology
3616:Dissent
3250:Diggers
3238:General
3170:Victims
2638:July 9,
1993:, 2004.
1955:Mizmoon
1452:Misfits
1398:Network
1390:fadeout
1374:Hey Joe
1139:Yolanda
1077:Osceola
1049:Fahizah
796:Anaheim
506:cyanide
494:Oakland
373:Amistad
325:Uruguay
259:Chicano
60:Leaders
3438:People
2895:
2412:SFGATE
2386:SFGATE
2360:SFGATE
2316:
2119:
1655:
1424:Deadsy
1313:(1982)
1109:Kahjoh
982:parole
760:AR-180
480:-like
337:Maoism
231:, but
196:. The
3656:Telos
3295:SLATE
2207:. BBC
1450:band
1288:Patty
1276:Tanya
1163:Tania
1035:alias
807:Emily
756:AR-15
482:cobra
478:hydra
365:slave
345:alias
2950:IMDb
2893:ISBN
2834:2019
2812:2019
2786:2009
2759:link
2745:2019
2719:2019
2693:2019
2667:2019
2640:2016
2599:2019
2573:2019
2547:2015
2521:2012
2471:2019
2445:2007
2419:2023
2393:2023
2367:2021
2325:2021
2314:ISSN
2291:2016
2242:2016
2213:2007
2190:2017
2146:2007
2117:ISBN
2094:2021
2068:2007
2038:2012
1949:2012
1899:2009
1872:2022
1843:2021
1814:2007
1784:2007
1739:2007
1709:2012
1687:2012
1653:ISBN
1625:2022
1619:. AP
1598:2022
1569:2021
1544:2020
1515:2021
1490:2020
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1039:Zoya
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744:SWAT
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