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1168:. It declared that "Neutral ships navigating these blockade zones do so at their own risk". It imposed conditions on US shipping trading with the Entente Powers, one of which was that the US Government "guarantees that no contraband (according to the German contraband list) is carried by those steamers".
1223:
Thomas Ensor, to bring his ship's papers aboard the U-boat for inspection. Rose told Ensor "I find that the vessel is laden with grain for London. It is my duty to sink her." After Ensor protested, Rose replied "You are carrying foodstuffs to an enemy of my country, and though I am sorry, it is my
683:
as yard number 365, launched her on 14 November 1890, and completed her in
January 1891. Her registered length was 331.0 ft (100.9 m), her beam was 41.1 ft (12.5 m), and her depth was 19.2 ft (5.9 m). She had berths for 630 passengers: ten in first class, and 620 in
668:. All five ships were named after streets in Hamburg. No two ships were exactly the same, but all five were two-masted, three-castle ships of similar in size and appearance. They ranged from 319.3 to 331.0 feet (97.3 to 100.9 m) in length, and from 40.0 to 41.3 feet (12.2 to 12.6 m) in
1474:, Commissioner of the American–German Claims Commission, heard the case on 14 May 1926. After an argument as to the value of the ship, Parker found in favour of the steamship company, but awarded it only $ 4,500 plus five percent annual interest from the date of the sinking.
3713:
3693:
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without warning, killing 15 of her crew, including six US citizens. US newspapers called that an act of war, or words to that effect. On 21 March an explosion, caused by either a
3718:
2384:"To adopt S. J. Res. 1, (43 Stat-1, April 16, 1917), declaring that a state of war exists between the Imperial German Government and the Government and People of the U.S..."
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1453:
822:, reaching the latter on 22 December. On 13 January 1892 she left Sydney on her return voyage to Hamburg via Melbourne, carrying cargo that included 6,876 bales of wool.
3708:
1446:
On 2 April, President Wilson asked
Congress to declare war against Germany. During the congressional debate of the proposal, news came that a U-boat had sunk
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1326:. Rose ordered two shots fired from one of the U-boat's deck guns; satisfied himself that the patrol boat had seen the lifeboats; and ordered
1452:, causing the death of 28 of her crew, including 11 US citizens. On 6 April, Congress passed the motion by an overwhelming majority, and
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carrying the German
Government's exhibits for the World's Columbian Exposition. They included a railroad coach; exhibits from
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on 26 February, asking for the power to arm US merchant ships defensively, and to give those ships gunners to crew them.
1079:. She began her last voyage on this route on 2 March 1902. On 7 May 1902 she began her first voyage on the route between
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536:. She carried European immigrants to the United States. In 1893 she brought to the US the German exhibits for the
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795:. No crew and no boats remained aboard the sailing ship, so it was assumed they had abandoned ship in her boats.
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noted the courtesy and propriety with which Rose had applied the rules of war. The US Government did not regard
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on 17 April that year, but thereafter she mostly reverted to the
Montreal route. On 8 March 1893 she arrived in
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1266:. The boarding party planted explosives in various places below decks, opened her hatches, and knocked off her
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reached Sydney on 23 November. On 17 December a court of marine inquiry in
Melbourne dismissed charges against
868:
woollen mills; electrical products; books; and a gallery of artworks including pictures, bronzes, and statues.
814:. She left Hamburg on 17 October; called at Antwerp; and took 90 passengers and 4,500 tons of general cargo to
17:
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The US refrained from declaring war against
Germany. However, on 16 March 1917 a U-boat sank the US steamship
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2029:"Text of the Annex to Germany Note, Outlining Barred Zones and Prescribing Conditions for American Vessels"
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2483:. Washington, D.C.: Department of Commerce, Bureau of Navigation. 1915. p. 131 – via HyperWar.
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Forty-seventh Annual List of
Merchant Vessels of the United States, for the Year ended June 30, 1915
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s crew abandoned ship in two of her lifeboats: one commanded by
Captain Ensor, and the other by her
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1980:
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1315:. Ensor persuaded Rose to tow the lifeboats toward land. After about two hours, Ensor sighted the
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2559:. Vol. I.–Steamers. London: Lloyd's Register of Shipping. 1914 – via Internet Archive.
2549:. Vol. I.–Steamers. London: Lloyd's Register of Shipping. 1896 – via Internet Archive.
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2072:
1959:
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1270:. They also took soap from the ship, explaining that the German munitions industry's demand for
1113:. On 16 April 1915 the Housatonic Steamship Corporation bought her for $ 85,000 and renamed her
2554:
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loaded 7,344 bales of wool, and in
December left Sydney for Hamburg via Melbourne and Antwerp.
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1164:, England. On 31 January, Germany announced an exclusion zone around the coasts of the
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1000:
750:
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600:
Between July 1890 and
January 1891, DR „Hansa“ enlarged its fleet with five new single-
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The Housatonic Steamship Company sued for $ 839,600 damages from the Government of
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276:
21:
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1342:
2439:"The Attacks on U. S. Shipping that Precipitated American Entry into World War I"
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629:
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3036:
1438:
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were RJFD. On 15 April 1891 she left Hamburg on her maiden voyage, which was to
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in Norway. She remained on this route until 11 November 1897. On 2 April 1900
705:
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s first owner was Dampfschiffs-Reederei „Hansa“ ("Steamship line "Hansa") of
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2492:. Merchant Fleets in Profile. Vol. 4. Cambridge: Patrick Stephens Ltd.
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959:. On 19 November she reached Melbourne, where she collided with the 500-ton
900:
811:
601:
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553:
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2459:
2355:"To pass S.J. Res. 1,(40 stat-1)m deckaribg war on Germany (P.200, col.1).
2329:
1129:, chartered her "for the term of the present war", purely as a cargo ship.
1125:. On 23 February 1916 a British company, Brown, Jenkinson & Company of
556:
her, contributing to increasing diplomatic tension that eventually led the
3530:
3510:
3500:
3484:
3454:
3434:
3428:
2634:
2432:. Vol. I. Prescot: T Stephenson & Sons – via TheShipsList.
1447:
1403:
1338:
956:
896:
331:
298:
291:
3490:
1851:
1267:
1235:
1172:
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609:
592:. The second was launched in 1922, sold in 1936, and renamed in 1937.
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231:
96:
1631:
1136:
The area with horizontal shading is the German-declared exclusion zone
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284:
3001:
1402:. However, U-boats sank two other US ships without loss of life: the
1153:
1126:
1088:
865:
785:
582:
577:. DR „Hansa“ should not be confused with the larger and better-known
549:
585:. HAPAG took over DR „Hansa“ in 1892, and renamed the ship in 1895.
324:
588:
This was the first of two steamships that HAPAG named after the US
1691:
1360:
1226:
1149:
1131:
1121:
was 213094, her code letters were LFHT, and Edward F Geer was her
1027:
824:
1280:
towed the lifeboats clear; there were two large explosions; and
3331:
2940:
2567:
2508:"Housatonic Steamship Company, Inc. (United States) v. Germany"
2246:"Comments of Today's Newspapers On Sinkings of American Ships"
927:. Almost the entire crew of the sailing ship was ill, and her
2406:
1984:
1095:. She began her last voyage on this route on 13 March 1904.
879:
to go to Australia again, as a substitute for its steamship
2095:
2093:
2091:
523:
in 1895. In 1915 a US company bought her and renamed her
803:
kept a lookout for boats and survivors, but found none.
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
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1583:
1443:, killing 21 of her crew, including seven US citizens.
2490:
The Ships of the Hamburg America, Adler and Carr Lines
1999:
1613:
1571:
1193:
at a range of about 250 yards (230 m), forcing
895:
left Hamburg on 14 September, called at Antwerp and
3552:
3363:
3181:
2976:
2765:
2603:
848:HAPAG took over DR „Hansa“ in March 1892, and sent
708:, and gave her a speed of 11 knots (20 km/h).
3358:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in February 1917
2300:
2272:
2244:
2190:
2162:
2027:
1952:
1181:about 20 nautical miles (37 km) southwest of
696:. Her single screw was driven by a three-cylinder
1491:Swiggum, Susan; Kohli, Marjorie (13 April 2006).
911:, and about 80 nautical miles (150 km) from
2546:Lloyd's Register of British and Foreign Shipping
2528:Lloyd's Register of British and Foreign Shipping
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2051:
1815:
1813:
3714:World War I merchant ships of the United States
1105:When the First World War began in August 1914,
3694:Ships sunk by German submarines in World War I
1043:. On 24 April 1895 she sailed from Stettin in
808:Deutsch-Australische Dampfschiffs-Gesellschaft
784:, she passed the burning wreck of the British
749:, she carried mostly Jewish refugees from the
3343:
2952:
2579:
544:to Australia. In 1914 she took refuge in the
8:
3719:World War I shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean
1067:began her first voyage on the route between
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987:
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850:
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634:
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508:
66:
26:Housatonic (disambiguation) § Transport
1931:The Daily Commercial News and Shipping List
1905:The Daily Commercial News and Shipping List
1739:The Daily Commercial News and Shipping List
745:. On a voyage that summer from Hamburg via
473:passengers: 10 × 1st class; 620 × 3rd class
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3328:
2959:
2945:
2937:
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2572:
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1933:. Sydney, NSW. 24 December 1894. p. 5
1907:. Sydney, NSW. 18 December 1894. p. 3
604:cargo ships from four different builders.
2969:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1894
2596:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1891
1742:. Sydney, NSW. 15 January 1892. p. 2
1654:. Wilmington, DE. 23 July 1891. p. 8
1117:. She was registered in New York, her US
2515:Reports of International Arbitral Awards
2149:
2137:
2099:
2014:
1881:. Melbourne. 22 November 1894. p. 5
1855:. Melbourne. 18 December 1894. p. 6
1682:. Melbourne. 16 December 1891. p. 9
1493:"Hansa II / Dampfschiffs-Rhederei Hansa"
1341:. Ensor returned to the US on the liner
532:Mostly the ship traded across the North
16:For other ships with the same name, see
1798:. Wheeling, WV. 9 March 1893. p. 2
1483:
1652:The Delaware Gazette and State Journal
1601:
519:acquired her in 1892, and renamed her
35:
3709:World War I merchant ships of Germany
1633:Merchant Vessels of the United States
1347:, and his crew followed on the liner
810:(DADG) chartered her for a voyage to
540:. In 1891 and 1894 she voyaged under
18:Georgia (disambiguation) § Ships
7:
2302:"Depicts suffering of Healdton crew"
2225:. New York. 21 March 1917. p. 2
1770:. New York. 19 April 1892. p. 7
1548:. Caledonian Maritime Research Trust
1528:
1516:
31:German-built cargo ship sunk in 1917
2065:"Captain says U-53 sank Housatonic"
1160:, where she left on 16 January for
915:she found the British sailing ship
122:1891: Dampfschiffs-Reederei „Hansa“
14:
3689:Ships of the Hamburg America Line
2531:. Vol. I.–Steamers. London:
2521:. United Nations: 320–323. 2006 .
2171:. 27 February 1917. pp. 1, 2
1674:"Shipping reports. The Pickhuben"
1330:to dive. The patrol boat rescued
3634:
3629:
3617:
3609:
2233:– via Library of Congress.
1901:"New South Wales wool shipments"
1806:– via Library of Congress.
1778:– via Library of Congress.
1662:– via Library of Congress.
1413:on 12 March. This led President
344:
337:
330:
323:
304:
297:
290:
283:
173:
160:
39:
3704:Steamships of the United States
1274:had caused a shortage of soap.
1039:In 1895 HAPAG renamed the ship
146:1916: Brown, Jenkinson & Co
3684:Ships built on the River Clyde
3241:
2535:of Shipping. 1891 – via
2437:Carlisle, Rodney (July 2007).
2281:. 24 March 1917. pp. 1, 2
1827:. 24 November 1894. p. 10
1454:the US declared war on Germany
1409:on 12 February, and steamship
1:
2076:. 21 February 1917. p. 2
1714:. 21 December 1891. p. 6
1376:The US reacted cautiously to
1337:s survivors and took them to
131:1915: Housatonic Steamship Co
2556:Lloyd's Register of Shipping
2219:"Vigilancia's Captain talks"
2036:. 1 February 1917. p. 1
871:Late in 1894 DADG chartered
831:World's Columbian Exposition
558:US to declare war on Germany
538:World's Columbian Exposition
397:331.0 ft (100.9 m)
2408:Housatonic SS Co v. Germany
1986:Housatonic SS Co v. Germany
1954:"Ships held at New Orleans"
1762:"Sailed from foreign ports"
1171:At 10:30 hrs on 3 February
1051:in Poland) to New York via
829:The German pavilion at the
606:Charles Connell and Company
3735:
3679:Maritime incidents in 1917
3674:Maritime incidents in 1894
3669:Maritime incidents in 1891
2317:– via Times Machine.
2309:. 27 March 1917. p. 4
2289:– via Times Machine.
2274:"Tanker's lights a target"
2261:– via Times Machine.
2253:. 19 March 1917. p. 2
2207:– via Times Machine.
2199:. 20 March 1917. p. 1
2192:"Thrown from a small boat"
2179:– via Times Machine.
2164:"Right to arm ships asked"
2084:– via Times Machine.
2044:– via Times Machine.
1971:– via Times Machine.
1963:. 4 August 1914. p. 4
1875:"A collision in the Yarra"
1434:or a torpedo, sank the US
1417:to address both houses of
405:41.1 ft (12.5 m)
15:
3604:
3303:
2912:
1847:"Court of Marine Inquiry"
1825:The Sydney Morning Herald
1711:The Sydney Morning Herald
973:was towing her along the
951:continued her voyage via
753:. On 4 July, at position
413:19.2 ft (5.9 m)
363:
53:
38:
1156:of wheat. She called at
1189:. The U-boat fired two
856:on her first voyage to
698:triple-expansion engine
658:Barclay, Curle & Co
465:11 knots (20 km/h)
448:triple-expansion engine
364:General characteristics
319:1915: code letters LFHT
228:Barclay, Curle & Co
2460:10.25071/2561-5467.363
1531:, pp. 48, 49, 51.
1373:
1244:
1158:Newport News, Virginia
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700:that was rated at 265
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67:
3699:Steamships of Germany
2488:Haws, Duncan (1980).
2429:North Atlantic Seaway
2328:Helgason, Guðmundur.
2112:Helgason, Guðmundur.
1364:
1255:. All 37 members of
1230:
1135:
1031:
907:. She sailed via the
844:s cargo was exhibited
828:
675:Barclay, Curle built
548:US. In 1917 a German
501:that was launched in
3375:HM Armed Smack
2447:The Northern Mariner
2426:Bonsor, NRP (1955).
1790:"The German Exhibit"
1546:Scottish Built Ships
1365:Headline announcing
806:Later that year the
517:Hamburg America Line
127:Hamburg America Line
1299: /
1224:duty to sink you".
768: /
642:Joh. C. Tecklenborg
143:1915: Edward F Geer
2307:The New York Times
2279:The New York Times
2251:The New York Times
2197:The New York Times
2169:The New York Times
2073:The New York Times
2034:The New York Times
1960:The New York Times
1941:– via Trove.
1915:– via Trove.
1889:– via Trove.
1863:– via Trove.
1835:– via Trove.
1750:– via Trove.
1722:– via Trove.
1386:The New York Times
1374:
1251:party came aboard
1245:
1243:s officers in 1916
1234:(left) and two of
1140:On 6 January 1917
1138:
1037:
846:
95:1891: a street in
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3325:
3324:
2934:
2933:
2140:, pp. 46–47.
1795:Wheeling Register
1284:sank at position
1152:carrying 144,200
1083:and New York via
1075:and New York via
909:Cape of Good Hope
772:50.150°N 14.417°W
684:third class. Her
660:in Glasgow built
632:in Hamburg built
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2005:, Supplement: H.
2001:Lloyd's Register
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1991:
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1927:"Shipping items"
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1758:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1689:
1687:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1644:
1638:
1629:
1620:
1615:Lloyd's Register
1611:
1605:
1599:
1578:
1573:Lloyd's Register
1569:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1538:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1488:
1469:
1395:
1382:
1371:
1336:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1303:49.583°N 6.133°W
1300:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1261:
1242:
1214:
1203:
1016:
1009:
995:
991:
983:
949:
937:
893:
885:
877:
854:
843:
839:
801:
783:
782:
780:
779:
778:
773:
769:
766:
765:
764:
761:
727:
688:were 3,144
681:
666:
654:
638:
626:
618:
590:State of Georgia
572:
568:
512:
349:
348:
342:
341:
335:
334:
328:
327:
309:
308:
302:
301:
295:
294:
288:
287:
249:14 November 1890
193:1891: Hamburg –
178:
177:
165:
164:
153:Port of registry
109:Housatonic River
70:
43:
36:
3734:
3733:
3729:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3724:
3723:
3649:
3648:
3647:
3642:
3625:
3600:
3590:
3579:
3569:
3559:
3553:Other incidents
3548:
3538:
3528:
3518:
3508:
3498:
3482:
3472:
3462:
3452:
3442:
3419:
3403:
3393:
3383:
3372:
3359:
3356:
3326:
3321:
3314:
3307:
3299:
3298:
3292:Dunottar Castle
3286:
3285:
3274:
3273:
3262:
3261:
3250:
3249:
3238:
3237:
3231:Prince of Wales
3226:
3225:
3214:
3213:
3207:Cabo Machichaco
3202:
3201:
3190:
3189:
3182:Other incidents
3177:
3176:
3165:
3164:
3153:
3152:
3141:
3140:
3129:
3128:
3117:
3116:
3105:
3104:
3093:
3092:
3081:
3080:
3069:
3068:
3057:
3056:
3045:
3044:
3033:
3032:
3021:
3020:
3009:
3008:
2997:
2996:
2985:
2984:
2972:
2967:
2965:
2935:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2908:
2907:
2896:
2895:
2884:
2883:
2872:
2871:
2860:
2859:
2848:
2847:
2835:
2834:
2823:
2822:
2811:
2810:
2798:
2797:
2786:
2785:
2774:
2773:
2766:Other incidents
2761:
2760:
2749:
2748:
2737:
2736:
2724:
2723:
2712:
2711:
2705:Blanco Encalada
2700:
2699:
2688:
2687:
2676:
2675:
2664:
2663:
2651:
2650:
2624:
2623:
2612:
2611:
2599:
2594:
2592:
2553:
2543:
2525:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2487:
2480:
2474:
2441:
2436:
2425:
2422:
2417:
2416:
2405:
2401:
2391:
2389:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2367:
2365:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2338:
2336:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2312:
2310:
2299:
2298:
2294:
2284:
2282:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2256:
2254:
2243:
2242:
2238:
2228:
2226:
2217:
2216:
2212:
2202:
2200:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2174:
2172:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2148:
2144:
2136:
2132:
2122:
2120:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2098:
2089:
2079:
2077:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2049:
2039:
2037:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2013:
2009:
1998:
1994:
1983:
1976:
1966:
1964:
1951:
1950:
1946:
1936:
1934:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1910:
1908:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1884:
1882:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1858:
1856:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1830:
1828:
1821:"The Pickhuben"
1819:
1818:
1811:
1801:
1799:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1773:
1771:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1745:
1743:
1734:"Pickhuben, s,"
1732:
1731:
1727:
1717:
1715:
1706:"The Pickhuben"
1704:
1703:
1699:
1685:
1683:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1657:
1655:
1646:
1645:
1641:
1630:
1623:
1612:
1608:
1600:
1581:
1570:
1561:
1551:
1549:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1527:
1523:
1515:
1511:
1501:
1499:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1472:Edwin B. Parker
1467:
1396:s sinking as a
1393:
1380:
1369:
1359:
1334:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1259:
1240:
1212:
1201:
1187:Isles of Scilly
1119:official number
1109:took refuge in
1103:
1059:in Sweden, and
1026:
1007:
993:
921:distress signal
841:
777:50.150; -14.417
776:
774:
770:
767:
762:
759:
757:
755:
754:
716:
692:and 2,042
598:
570:
426:Installed power
343:
336:
329:
322:
314:official number
303:
296:
289:
282:
172:
159:
49:
32:
29:
12:
11:
5:
3732:
3730:
3722:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3664:Captured ships
3661:
3651:
3650:
3644:
3643:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3591:18 Feb: HMATT
3588:
3577:
3567:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3549:
3547:
3546:
3536:
3526:
3516:
3506:
3496:
3480:
3470:
3460:
3450:
3440:
3417:
3401:
3391:
3381:
3369:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3347:
3340:
3332:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3312:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3283:
3271:
3259:
3247:
3235:
3223:
3211:
3199:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3162:
3150:
3138:
3126:
3114:
3102:
3090:
3078:
3066:
3054:
3042:
3030:
3018:
3006:
2994:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2973:
2966:
2964:
2963:
2956:
2949:
2941:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2921:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2893:
2881:
2869:
2857:
2845:
2832:
2820:
2808:
2795:
2783:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2746:
2734:
2721:
2709:
2697:
2685:
2673:
2661:
2648:
2621:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2583:
2576:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2551:
2541:
2523:
2504:
2498:
2485:
2472:
2434:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2412:, p. 323.
2399:
2375:
2346:
2320:
2292:
2264:
2236:
2210:
2182:
2154:
2142:
2130:
2104:
2087:
2047:
2019:
2007:
1992:
1990:, p. 320.
1974:
1944:
1918:
1892:
1866:
1838:
1809:
1781:
1753:
1725:
1697:
1665:
1639:
1637:, p. 131.
1621:
1606:
1604:, p. 398.
1579:
1559:
1533:
1521:
1519:, p. 128.
1509:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1415:Woodrow Wilson
1358:
1355:
1308:49.583; -6.133
1166:Entente Powers
1102:
1097:
1025:
1020:
1003:, and against
953:Port Elizabeth
943:to Cape Town.
929:Second Officer
751:Russian Empire
715:
710:
597:
594:
483:
482:
479:
475:
474:
471:
467:
466:
463:
459:
458:
457:
456:
450:
442:
438:
437:
427:
423:
422:
419:
415:
414:
411:
407:
406:
403:
399:
398:
395:
391:
390:
380:
376:
375:
370:
366:
365:
361:
360:
357:
353:
352:
351:
350:
320:
317:
310:
280:
271:
270:Identification
267:
266:
263:
259:
258:
255:
251:
250:
247:
243:
242:
239:
235:
234:
225:
221:
220:
219:
218:
211:
204:
197:
189:
185:
184:
183:
182:
169:
154:
150:
149:
148:
147:
144:
139:
135:
134:
133:
132:
129:
123:
118:
114:
113:
112:
111:
105:
99:
91:
87:
86:
85:
84:
78:
72:
60:
56:
55:
51:
50:
44:
30:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3731:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3641:
3637:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3612:
3608:
3603:
3596:
3595:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3551:
3544:
3543:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3507:
3504:
3503:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3487:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3461:
3458:
3457:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3432:
3431:
3426:
3425:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3408:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3362:
3353:
3348:
3346:
3341:
3339:
3334:
3333:
3330:
3317:
3313:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3302:
3294:
3293:
3284:
3281:
3280:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3243:Abbie S. Hart
3236:
3233:
3232:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3212:
3209:
3208:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3188:
3187:
3184:
3180:
3172:
3171:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3127:
3124:
3123:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3091:
3088:
3087:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3007:
3004:
3003:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2983:
2982:
2979:
2975:
2970:
2962:
2957:
2955:
2950:
2948:
2943:
2942:
2939:
2926:
2922:
2919:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2903:
2902:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2821:
2818:
2817:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2772:
2771:
2768:
2764:
2756:
2755:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2742:Samuel Mather
2735:
2732:
2731:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2610:
2609:
2606:
2602:
2597:
2589:
2584:
2582:
2577:
2575:
2570:
2569:
2566:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2499:0-85059-397-2
2495:
2491:
2486:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2448:
2440:
2435:
2431:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2411:
2409:
2403:
2400:
2388:
2385:
2379:
2376:
2364:
2360:
2358:
2350:
2347:
2335:
2331:
2324:
2321:
2308:
2303:
2296:
2293:
2280:
2275:
2268:
2265:
2252:
2247:
2240:
2237:
2224:
2220:
2214:
2211:
2198:
2193:
2186:
2183:
2170:
2165:
2158:
2155:
2152:, p. 43.
2151:
2150:Carlisle 2007
2146:
2143:
2139:
2138:Carlisle 2007
2134:
2131:
2119:
2115:
2108:
2105:
2102:, p. 46.
2101:
2100:Carlisle 2007
2096:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2075:
2074:
2066:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2035:
2030:
2023:
2020:
2017:, p. 44.
2016:
2015:Carlisle 2007
2011:
2008:
2004:
2002:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1987:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1962:
1961:
1955:
1948:
1945:
1932:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1906:
1902:
1896:
1893:
1880:
1876:
1870:
1867:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1842:
1839:
1826:
1822:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1785:
1782:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1757:
1754:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1729:
1726:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1701:
1698:
1693:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1669:
1666:
1653:
1649:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1634:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1616:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1574:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1547:
1543:
1537:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1510:
1498:
1494:
1487:
1484:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1428:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1392:
1388:
1387:
1379:
1368:
1363:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1320:naval trawler
1318:
1312:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1264:Chief Officer
1258:
1254:
1250:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1222:
1218:
1211:
1207:
1204:s commander,
1200:
1197:to heave to.
1196:
1192:
1191:warning shots
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1034:
1030:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1006:
1002:
999:
992:
990:
984:
982:
976:
972:
969:
965:
962:
958:
954:
950:
948:
942:
941:Abbie S. Hart
938:
936:
931:had died, so
930:
926:
922:
918:
917:Abbie S. Hart
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
892:
886:
884:
878:
876:
869:
867:
863:
859:
855:
853:
840:
838:
832:
827:
823:
821:
817:
813:
809:
804:
802:
800:
794:
793:South Shields
790:
787:
781:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
726:
721:
714:
711:
709:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
682:
680:
673:
671:
667:
665:
659:
655:
653:
647:
643:
639:
637:
631:
627:
625:
619:
617:
611:
607:
603:
595:
593:
591:
586:
584:
580:
576:
569:
567:
561:
559:
555:
552:captured and
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
530:
528:
527:
522:
518:
514:
513:
511:
504:
500:
496:
492:
491:
480:
477:
476:
472:
469:
468:
464:
461:
460:
455:
451:
449:
445:
444:
443:
440:
439:
436:
432:
428:
425:
424:
420:
417:
416:
412:
409:
408:
404:
401:
400:
396:
393:
392:
389:
386:, 2,042
385:
381:
378:
377:
374:
371:
368:
367:
362:
359:scuttled 1917
358:
355:
354:
347:
340:
333:
326:
321:
318:
315:
311:
307:
300:
293:
286:
281:
278:
274:
273:
272:
269:
268:
265:15 April 1891
264:
262:Maiden voyage
261:
260:
256:
253:
252:
248:
245:
244:
240:
237:
236:
233:
229:
226:
223:
222:
216:
212:
209:
205:
202:
198:
196:
192:
191:
190:
187:
186:
181:
176:
170:
168:
163:
157:
156:
155:
152:
151:
145:
142:
141:
140:
137:
136:
130:
128:
124:
121:
120:
119:
116:
115:
110:
106:
104:
100:
98:
94:
93:
92:
89:
88:
83:
79:
77:
73:
71:
69:
63:
62:
61:
58:
57:
52:
48:
42:
37:
34:
27:
23:
19:
3627:January 1917
3593:
3583:
3572:
3562:
3541:
3531:
3521:
3511:
3509:21 Feb: HMS
3501:
3491:
3485:
3475:
3465:
3463:14 Feb: SMS
3455:
3445:
3435:
3429:
3423:
3413:Saint Ninian
3412:
3406:
3396:
3395:
3385:
3376:
3291:
3278:
3277:
3266:
3254:
3242:
3230:
3218:
3206:
3194:
3170:Inishtrahull
3169:
3157:
3145:
3133:
3121:
3109:
3097:
3085:
3073:
3061:
3049:
3037:
3025:
3013:
3000:
2989:
2900:
2889:Inishtrahull
2888:
2876:
2864:
2852:
2840:
2827:
2815:
2814:
2803:
2791:British Peer
2790:
2778:
2753:
2741:
2729:
2716:
2704:
2692:
2680:
2668:
2656:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2616:
2555:
2545:
2527:
2518:
2514:
2489:
2476:
2454:(3): 41–66.
2451:
2445:
2428:
2420:Bibliography
2407:
2402:
2390:. Retrieved
2386:
2378:
2366:. Retrieved
2362:
2356:
2349:
2337:. Retrieved
2333:
2323:
2311:. Retrieved
2306:
2295:
2283:. Retrieved
2278:
2267:
2255:. Retrieved
2250:
2239:
2227:. Retrieved
2222:
2213:
2201:. Retrieved
2196:
2185:
2173:. Retrieved
2168:
2157:
2145:
2133:
2121:. Retrieved
2117:
2114:"Housatonic"
2107:
2078:. Retrieved
2071:
2038:. Retrieved
2033:
2022:
2010:
2000:
1995:
1985:
1965:. Retrieved
1958:
1947:
1935:. Retrieved
1930:
1921:
1909:. Retrieved
1904:
1895:
1883:. Retrieved
1878:
1869:
1857:. Retrieved
1850:
1841:
1829:. Retrieved
1824:
1800:. Retrieved
1793:
1784:
1772:. Retrieved
1765:
1756:
1744:. Retrieved
1737:
1728:
1716:. Retrieved
1709:
1700:
1690:– via
1684:. Retrieved
1677:
1668:
1656:. Retrieved
1651:
1648:"In general"
1642:
1632:
1614:
1609:
1572:
1550:. Retrieved
1545:
1536:
1524:
1512:
1500:. Retrieved
1497:TheShipsList
1496:
1486:
1464:
1458:
1448:
1445:
1439:
1426:
1423:
1410:
1407:Lyman M. Law
1406:
1397:
1390:
1384:
1377:
1375:
1366:
1357:Consequences
1350:Philadelphia
1348:
1343:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1256:
1252:
1246:
1236:
1209:
1198:
1194:
1178:
1177:intercepted
1173:
1170:
1141:
1139:
1114:
1106:
1104:
1099:
1064:
1061:Kristiansand
1040:
1038:
1032:
1022:
1011:
1004:
986:
978:
970:
963:
961:hopper barge
944:
940:
932:
925:signal flags
916:
888:
880:
872:
870:
849:
847:
834:
805:
796:
788:
735:code letters
722:
717:
712:
676:
674:
661:
649:
633:
621:
613:
599:
587:
563:
562:
531:
525:
524:
520:
507:
506:
489:
487:
486:
277:code letters
257:January 1891
81:
75:
65:
46:
45:The ship as
33:
22:SS Pickhuben
3584:Farnborough
3267:Sarah Dixon
3038:Valkyrie II
3026:Los Angeles
2754:Sea Serpent
2387:govtrack.us
2363:govtrack.us
1602:Bonsor 1955
1542:"Pickhuben"
1470:s sinking.
1399:casus belli
1383:s sinking.
1306: /
1183:Bishop Rock
1111:New Orleans
1053:Helsingborg
1010:s Captain.
975:Coode Canal
833:, in which
775: /
718:DR „Hansa“
646:Bremerhaven
581:company of
579:DDG „Hansa“
505:in 1891 as
382:3,144
373:cargo liner
238:Yard number
3659:1890 ships
3653:Categories
3640:March 1917
3407:California
3397:Housatonic
3365:Shipwrecks
2977:Shipwrecks
2901:Emily Reed
2839:USFC
2604:Shipwrecks
2080:5 December
1619:, GEO–GER.
1577:, PHI–PIC.
1502:5 December
1478:References
1465:Housatonic
1436:oil tanker
1427:Vigilancia
1391:Housatonic
1378:Housatonic
1367:Housatonic
1332:Housatonic
1317:Royal Navy
1282:Housatonic
1257:Housatonic
1253:Housatonic
1210:Housatonic
1208:, ordered
1195:Housatonic
1179:Housatonic
1142:Housatonic
1115:Housatonic
1100:Housatonic
1057:Gothenburg
966:while the
905:Las Palmas
720:registered
630:Blohm+Voss
624:Stubbenhuk
526:Housatonic
499:cargo ship
441:Propulsion
217:– New York
210:– New York
203:– New York
82:Housatonic
3582:HMS
3563:Tyndareus
3422:HMS
3377:Inverlyon
3290:RMS
3279:Pickhuben
3195:Huntcliff
3134:Wairarapa
3050:Matchless
2990:Kearsarge
2865:Baltimore
2816:Pickhuben
2802:HMS
2728:USS
2717:Mayflower
2693:Sovereign
2655:USS
2642:USS
2635:USS
2628:USS
2617:Kaffraria
2468:247426039
2334:uboat.net
2118:uboat.net
1679:The Argus
1529:Haws 1980
1517:Haws 1980
1411:Algonquin
1372:s sinking
1272:glycerine
1247:A German
1232:Hans Rose
1206:Hans Rose
1162:Liverpool
1146:Galveston
1045:Pomerania
1035:under way
1014:Pickhuben
998:Victorian
989:Pickhuben
981:Pickhuben
947:Pickhuben
935:Pickhuben
919:flying a
913:Cape Town
891:Pickhuben
875:Pickhuben
862:Baltimore
852:Pickhuben
837:Pickhuben
816:Melbourne
812:Australia
799:Pickhuben
725:Pickhuben
713:Pickhuben
704:or 1,550
679:Pickhuben
664:Pickhuben
566:Pickhuben
510:Pickhuben
495:passenger
433:or 1,550
312:1915: US
254:Completed
68:Pickhuben
3580:17 Feb:
3539:25 Feb:
3529:23 Feb:
3519:22 Feb:
3499:19 Feb:
3483:17 Feb:
3473:15 Feb:
3453:12 Feb:
3098:Jingyuan
3074:Chaoyong
3062:Colonist
2730:Despatch
2681:Compadre
2392:24 March
2368:24 March
2339:24 March
2313:16 April
2285:16 April
2257:16 April
2229:16 April
2203:16 April
2175:16 April
2123:16 April
2040:16 April
1967:16 April
1937:16 April
1911:16 April
1885:16 April
1859:16 April
1831:16 April
1802:16 April
1774:16 April
1746:16 April
1718:16 April
1686:16 April
1658:16 April
1552:16 April
1440:Healdton
1419:Congress
1404:schooner
1339:Penzance
1324:Salvator
1268:seacocks
1249:boarding
1085:Istanbul
1049:Szczecin
957:Adelaide
901:bunkered
897:Plymouth
883:Erlangen
858:New York
743:Montreal
686:tonnages
652:Wandrahm
636:Baumwall
596:Building
554:scuttled
534:Atlantic
481:1917: 37
470:Capacity
246:Launched
195:Montreal
180:New York
138:Operator
90:Namesake
3594:Berrima
3573:Mantola
3570:8 Feb:
3560:6 Feb:
3542:Laconia
3446:Mantola
3443:9 Feb:
3420:8 Feb:
3404:7 Feb:
3394:3 Feb:
3384:2 Feb:
3373:1 Feb:
3275:19 Nov:
3255:Lurline
3239:c. Oct:
3227:c. Aug:
3203:21 Mar:
3191:12 Feb:
3166:c. Dec:
3154:22 Dec:
3142:23 Nov:
3130:24 Oct:
3118:26 Sep:
3110:Yangwei
3106:17 Sep:
3094:17 Sep:
3086:Zhiyuan
3082:17 Sep:
3070:17 Sep:
3022:22 Apr:
3010:24 Feb:
2998:26 Feb:
2885:29 Dec:
2877:Oakland
2873:23 Dec:
2861:16 Oct:
2849:11 Sep:
2841:Grampus
2824:c. Jul:
2799:17 Mar:
2787:13 Mar:
2738:22 Nov:
2725:10 Oct:
2701:23 Apr:
2689:20 Mar:
2677:19 Mar:
2665:17 Mar:
2652:15 Mar:
2625:13 Mar:
2330:"Aztec"
2223:The Sun
1879:The Age
1852:The Age
1767:The Sun
1461:Germany
1294:06°08′W
1291:49°35′N
1221:Captain
1154:bushels
1123:manager
1107:Georgia
1093:Piraeus
1065:Georgia
1041:Georgia
1033:Georgia
1023:Georgia
1005:Fawkner
968:tugboat
964:Fawkner
789:Octavia
763:14°25′W
760:50°09′N
747:Antwerp
731:Hamburg
610:Glasgow
575:Hamburg
546:neutral
542:charter
521:Georgia
503:Germany
490:Georgia
379:Tonnage
232:Glasgow
224:Builder
201:Stettin
167:Hamburg
103:Georgia
97:Hamburg
76:Georgia
54:History
47:Georgia
3424:Ghurka
3387:Elikon
3316:1895 →
3309:← 1893
3263:9 Nov:
3251:9 Nov:
3215:3 May:
3058:9 Sep:
3046:3 Sep:
3034:5 Jul:
3014:Aarhus
3002:Detmar
2986:2 Feb:
2925:1892 →
2918:← 1890
2853:Virawa
2836:5 Sep:
2828:Equity
2812:4 Jul:
2775:8 Feb:
2713:2 Jun:
2669:Utopia
2657:Triana
2630:Galena
2613:8 Jan:
2496:
2466:
1344:Orduña
1217:Master
1127:London
1091:, and
1089:Smyrna
1077:Naples
939:towed
899:, and
820:Sydney
786:barque
739:Quebec
733:. Her
648:built
612:built
583:Bremen
550:U-boat
515:. The
493:was a
394:Length
316:213094
275:1891:
213:1902:
206:1900:
199:1895:
171:1915:
158:1891:
125:1892:
107:1915:
101:1895:
80:1915:
74:1895:
64:1891:
24:, and
3532:UC-32
3512:Mendi
3502:UC-18
3486:Athos
3476:Minas
3466:Geier
3456:Afric
3436:UC-46
3430:UC-39
3287:Unkn:
3158:Abana
3146:Ozama
2897:Unkn:
2804:Anson
2779:Bruce
2750:Unkn:
2511:(PDF)
2481:(PDF)
2464:S2CID
2442:(PDF)
2357:(sic)
2068:(PDF)
1692:Trove
1468:'
1449:Aztec
1394:'
1381:'
1370:'
1335:'
1322:HMAT
1260:'
1241:'
1215:s US
1213:'
1202:'
1150:Texas
1144:left
1081:Odesa
1073:Italy
1069:Genoa
1047:(now
1008:'
1001:pilot
994:'
971:Eagle
923:with
866:Saxon
842:'
791:from
616:Grimm
602:screw
571:'
462:Speed
454:screw
418:Decks
410:Depth
215:Odesa
208:Genoa
188:Route
117:Owner
3623:1918
3615:1917
3607:1916
3522:Ajax
3492:U-83
3122:Ohio
2644:Hope
2637:Nina
2494:ISBN
2452:XVII
2410:1926
2394:2024
2370:2024
2341:2024
2315:2024
2287:2024
2259:2024
2231:2024
2205:2024
2177:2024
2125:2024
2082:2012
2042:2024
2003:1914
1988:1926
1969:2024
1939:2024
1913:2024
1887:2024
1861:2024
1833:2024
1804:2024
1776:2024
1748:2024
1720:2024
1688:2024
1660:2024
1635:1915
1617:1896
1575:1891
1554:2024
1504:2012
1463:for
1432:mine
1328:U-53
1278:U-53
1237:U-53
1199:U-53
1174:U-53
1055:and
955:and
818:and
741:and
670:beam
620:and
497:and
478:Crew
452:1 ×
446:1 ×
429:265
402:Beam
369:Type
356:Fate
279:RJFD
59:Name
3219:115
2519:VII
2456:doi
1071:in
903:at
729:at
706:ihp
702:NHP
694:NRT
690:GRT
672:.
644:in
608:in
488:SS
435:ihp
431:NHP
388:NRT
384:GRT
241:365
3655::
3489:,
3433:,
3427:;
3410:,
2640:,
2633:,
2517:.
2513:.
2462:.
2450:.
2444:.
2361:.
2332:.
2305:.
2277:.
2249:.
2221:.
2195:.
2167:.
2116:.
2090:^
2070:.
2050:^
2032:.
1977:^
1957:.
1929:.
1903:.
1877:.
1849:.
1823:.
1812:^
1792:.
1764:.
1736:.
1708:.
1676:.
1650:.
1624:^
1582:^
1562:^
1544:.
1495:.
1456:.
1353:.
1219:,
1185:,
1148:,
1087:,
996:s
977:.
887:.
656:.
640:.
628:.
560:.
529:.
230:,
20:,
3351:e
3344:t
3337:v
2960:e
2953:t
2946:v
2587:e
2580:t
2573:v
2539:.
2502:.
2470:.
2458::
2396:.
2372:.
2359:"
2343:.
2127:.
1694:.
1556:.
1506:.
421:1
28:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
