39:
24:
324:. The ship was laid down at the shipbuilder's yard on Detroit Street in Cleveland in early August 1890 and launched on 18 December 1890 (yard number 10). The freighter was not christened at the time of the launching and was known only as "Hull No. 10" until she was completed in spring of 1891. Large number of people was present at the launching, including local dignitaries such as John E. Schuck, John B. Cowle, judge James M. Coffinberry and his son
1319:
1280:
1241:
1202:
1165:
1126:
1087:
1048:
992:
953:
914:
875:
836:
797:
726:
684:
642:
603:
548:
molten steel, and widespread use of blowing air instead of oxygen additionally introduced nitrogen into steel. Presence of both of these elements reduced ductility of final product, resulting in material that was not able to withstand frequent compression, extension and torsion loads experienced by these type of vessels during their journeys.
476:. The vessel was expected to reach her destination by October 30 but never arrived. A powerful storm that swept over the northern parts of Lake Michigan and Lake Huron on October 28–29 caused widespread delays and damage to many vessels. Only after the storm subsided, and the ships started arriving in ports some information about
440:
broke that record in
September 1892 by bringing in over 3,255 tons of coal to Chicago for delivery to locations out west. The freighter continued moving various cargoes such as wheat, corn, coal and iron ore between different ports on Great Lakes through the end of her short career. In September 1892
547:
which helped to bring the cost of steel significantly down and made it comparable to that of iron. However, due to short duration of
Bessemer process it allowed little time to adjust composition of the alloying elements in the steel. In particular, phosphorus could not be efficiently removed from
313:, actively engaged in operating of various vessels on the Great Lakes, decided to build a new large steam freighter to transport various cargo as addition to their fleet. On 24 June 1890 it was reported that the partners agreed on the contract worth approximately
467:
departed on her last voyage on 26 October 1892 from
Buffalo carrying 3,080 tons of coal bound for Milwaukee. The ship was under command of captain Leeds H. Weeks and had a crew of eighteen. The trip was initially uneventful and the freighter passed through the
511:
from the same general area. As more debris from the freighter came ashore on
Manitou islands it became clear she foundered in the storm and there were no survivors. On November 18 it was reported that two dead bodies wearing
1379:
359:
and not wood or iron as was a common practice. Use of steel made it possible to build a larger vessel capable of carrying heavier loads than steamships operating on the lakes at the time.
335:
The vessel was designed specifically as a bulk carrier capable of carrying approximately 140,000 cubic feet of bulk cargo on each trip. The ship had two decks with
1424:
543:
under similar circumstances renewed criticism of using steel for ship construction. Steel production was revolutionized by introduction of the
445:
of wheat to
Buffalo. Previously, it was also reported that she carried 114,982 bushels of corn from Chicago to Buffalo on one of her journeys.
1734:
297:. The ship was named after William H. Gilcher, one of the owners of the company. In October 1892 the freighter ran into a strong gale on
1724:
436:
where she embarked 3,150 tons of coal for delivery to South
Chicago, the largest cargo of coal to be carried from Buffalo at the time.
1729:
491:
at about 20:00 on
October 28. It appeared the steamer was unresponsive and no signs of life were observed. Captain Dennis of schooner
1714:
317:
200,000 with
Cleveland Shipbuilding Co. to construct such vessel, largely identical to another ship being built by the shipyard,
1719:
394:, with cylinders of 20-inch (51 cm), 33-inch (84 cm) and 54-inch (140 cm) diameter with a 40-inch (100 cm)
282:
236:
79:
555:
is the largest shipwreck on Lake
Michigan whose location is not known, following the discovery of wreck of the car ferry SS
428:
was commissioned for service and departed
Cleveland on 13 May 1891 on her maiden voyage carrying a cargo of coal bound for
1417:
391:
363:
309:
In early 1890 William H. Gilcher and Randall E. Schuck, noted lumber merchants from Sandusky and Joseph C. Gilchrist of
495:
observed large amount of wreckage including furniture and part of the bridge floating in the lake when passing off the
1259:
849:
616:
1685:
1678:
1434:
499:. A medium size sailing vessel was also sighted bottom up on the beach of the island, later identified as schooner
448:
During her short career, the freighter had several mishaps. In April 1892 it was reported that she went aground at
1562:
1410:
1105:
347:
located on top of her main deck, had her propulsion machinery located aft and had six main cargo holds. Both
854:
758:
621:
452:
on the Canadian side of the river after her wheel chains parted. The vessel broke her wheel again in ice in
240:
23:
1739:
1340:
1298:
517:
375:
188:
487:
reported observing a large steamer struggling against the wind in the storm around 20 miles northwest of
1490:
893:
705:
663:
557:
449:
1623:
1454:
1100:
1027:
496:
488:
413:
379:
325:
194:
1709:
1636:
1293:
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773:
469:
888:
700:
658:
1660:
1478:
1466:
1022:
971:
932:
412:
knots (10.9 mph; 17.6 km/h). The steam for the engine was supplied by two single-ended
383:
318:
200:
1354:
966:
927:
433:
441:
she also set a record for amount of grain transported from Chicago as she brought in 113,885
1586:
1514:
1502:
1402:
1215:
1139:
1061:
810:
577:
544:
1550:
1526:
1220:
1144:
1007:
815:
582:
395:
367:
310:
1254:
1311:
1272:
1233:
1194:
1157:
1118:
1079:
1040:
984:
945:
906:
867:
828:
789:
718:
676:
634:
595:
290:
278:
144:
1703:
1598:
529:
473:
298:
1332:
175:
1318:
1279:
1240:
1201:
1164:
1125:
1086:
1047:
991:
952:
913:
874:
835:
796:
725:
683:
641:
602:
1066:
356:
344:
294:
263:
1648:
1574:
521:
387:
336:
429:
340:
293:, with intention of transporting cargo between various ports located on the
286:
83:
481:
745:. Washington, DC: United States Printing Office. 1891–1892. p. 356.
1384:
386:
of approximately 3,000. The vessel had a steel hull and a single 1,200
453:
442:
424:
Following delivery and opening of navigation season on Great Lakes
398:, that drove a single screw propeller and moved the ship at up to
1380:"Long-sought Lake Michigan shipwreck discovered after 110 years"
432:. From there the freighter returned in ballast and proceeded to
1406:
456:
only a month later and had to be towed to Buffalo for repairs.
355:
were two of the first lake freighters to be constructed out of
524:
from the steamer. The bodies were later recovered by tug
362:
As built, the ship was 301.5 feet (91.9 m) long (
1611:
1442:
328:. In March 1891 the ship was officially christened
301:and foundered with the loss of all eighteen men.
480:fate could be discovered. Captain Buchanan of
1418:
507:picked up pieces of pilot house belonging to
8:
1425:
1411:
1403:
370:, with a depth of 21.1 feet (6.4 m).
16:Steam lake freighter sunk in Lake Michigan
1435:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1892
374:was originally assessed at 2,414.64
737:
735:
653:
651:
569:
289:for Gilchrist, Gilcher & Schuck of
695:
693:
18:
743:Merchant Vessels of the United States
35:
7:
472:around 14:30 on October 28 entering
14:
1317:
1278:
1239:
1200:
1163:
1124:
1085:
1046:
990:
951:
912:
873:
834:
795:
724:
682:
640:
601:
578:"Marine News Of The Great Lakes"
37:
22:
266:(10.9 mph; 17.6 km/h)
71:Gilchrist, Gilcher & Schuck
1337:Ghost Ships of the Great Lakes
1255:"Victims of the Gilcher Wreck"
1101:"The Last Seen Of The Gilcher"
858:. 21 September 1892. p. 7
819:. 29 September 1892. p. 6
366:) and 41.2 feet (12.6 m)
283:Cleveland Shipbuilding Company
1:
1263:. 18 November 1892. p. 1
1109:. 5 November 1892. p. 10
1031:. 2 November 1892. p. 13
1011:. 26 October 1892. p. 9.
667:. 20 December 1890. p. 2
516:life preserves were found on
392:triple expansion steam engine
1224:. 4 November 1892. p. 1
1185:. 2 November 1892. p. 3
1148:. 2 November 1892. p. 1
1070:. 2 November 1892. p. 1
1735:Shipwrecks of Lake Michigan
1302:. 4 January 1893. p. 4
928:"The W. H. Gilcher Aground"
212:301.5 ft (91.9 m)
1756:
1725:Maritime incidents in 1892
936:. 21 April 1892. p. 8
709:. 16 March 1891. p. 3
625:. 7 August 1890. p. 7
237:Cleveland Shipbuilding Co.
220:41.2 ft (12.6 m)
80:Cleveland Shipbuilding Co.
1730:Ships lost with all hands
1673:
1062:"Think It Is the Gilcher"
897:. 30 July 1892. p. 4
780:. 3 June 1891. p. 10
762:. 14 May 1891. p. 7.
586:. 24 June 1890. p. 6
228:21.1 ft (6.4 m)
166:
30:
21:
1715:Ships built in Cleveland
1294:"Victims of the Gilcher"
1106:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle
975:. 14 May 1892. p. 8
659:"Steel Steamer Launched"
154:US Official Number 81326
855:Buffalo Morning Express
759:Buffalo Morning Express
622:Buffalo Morning Express
305:Design and construction
167:General characteristics
1720:Great Lakes freighters
1341:Dodd, Mead and Company
1299:Democrat and Chronicle
1183:The Buffalo Commercial
778:The Buffalo Commercial
364:between perpendiculars
281:built in 1890–1891 by
1179:"The Gilcher Missing"
894:The Sandusky Register
706:The Sandusky Register
664:The Sandusky Register
558:Pere Marquette No. 18
414:Scotch marine boilers
162:Sank, 28 October 1892
1216:"The Lake Disasters"
1028:Buffalo Evening News
1005:"Vessel Movements".
617:"From Other Reports"
497:South Manitou Island
489:North Manitou Island
326:Henry D. Coffinberry
1388:. 16 September 2020
1355:"1892 W.H. GILCHER"
1343:. pp. x, xiii.
1140:"Reports Of Wrecks"
701:"City and Vicinity"
535:Quick loss of both
532:on 3 January 1893.
470:Straits of Mackinaw
420:Operational history
1492:Charles W. Wetmore
1359:Michigan Mysteries
972:Detroit Free Press
933:Detroit Free Press
850:"Commerce By Lake"
774:"Around The Lakes"
378:and 1,986.70
63:William H. Gilcher
1695:
1694:
1339:. New York City:
416:fitted for coal.
270:
269:
1747:
1688:
1681:
1665:
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1519:
1516:J. Henry Edmunds
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1097:
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988:
982:
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963:
957:
956:
955:
949:
943:
941:
924:
918:
917:
916:
910:
904:
902:
889:"Marine Matters"
885:
879:
878:
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871:
865:
863:
846:
840:
839:
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832:
826:
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747:
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739:
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697:
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674:
672:
655:
646:
645:
644:
638:
632:
630:
613:
607:
606:
605:
599:
593:
591:
574:
545:Bessemer process
505:White and Friant
411:
410:
406:
403:
316:
262:
261:
257:
254:
241:triple expansion
112:18 December 1890
95:
45:
42:
41:
40:
26:
19:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
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1684:
1677:
1669:
1668:
1657:
1656:
1645:
1644:
1633:
1632:
1620:
1619:
1612:Other incidents
1607:
1606:
1595:
1594:
1583:
1582:
1571:
1570:
1559:
1558:
1547:
1546:
1535:
1534:
1523:
1522:
1511:
1510:
1499:
1498:
1487:
1486:
1480:Western Reserve
1475:
1474:
1463:
1462:
1451:
1450:
1438:
1433:
1431:
1401:
1391:
1389:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1363:
1361:
1353:
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1348:
1331:
1330:
1326:
1316:
1305:
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1292:
1291:
1287:
1277:
1266:
1264:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1238:
1227:
1225:
1221:Altoona Tribune
1214:
1213:
1209:
1199:
1188:
1186:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1162:
1151:
1149:
1145:Chicago Tribune
1138:
1137:
1133:
1123:
1112:
1110:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1084:
1073:
1071:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1045:
1034:
1032:
1023:"Reported Lost"
1021:
1020:
1016:
1008:Chicago Tribune
1004:
1003:
999:
989:
978:
976:
965:
964:
960:
950:
939:
937:
926:
925:
921:
911:
900:
898:
887:
886:
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872:
861:
859:
848:
847:
843:
833:
822:
820:
816:Chicago Tribune
809:
808:
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794:
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781:
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741:
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733:
723:
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681:
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628:
626:
615:
614:
610:
600:
589:
587:
583:Chicago Tribune
576:
575:
571:
567:
551:As of 2024 the
537:Western Reserve
528:and brought to
520:along with the
462:
422:
408:
404:
401:
399:
353:Western Reserve
321:Western Reserve
314:
307:
259:
255:
252:
250:
93:
43:
38:
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1753:
1751:
1743:
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1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
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1701:
1693:
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1674:
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1642:
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1613:
1609:
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1604:
1592:
1580:
1568:
1556:
1544:
1532:
1520:
1508:
1496:
1484:
1472:
1460:
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1444:
1440:
1439:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1422:
1415:
1407:
1400:
1399:
1371:
1346:
1324:
1312:Newspapers.com
1285:
1273:Newspapers.com
1246:
1234:Newspapers.com
1207:
1195:Newspapers.com
1170:
1158:Newspapers.com
1131:
1119:Newspapers.com
1092:
1080:Newspapers.com
1053:
1041:Newspapers.com
1014:
997:
985:Newspapers.com
967:"Marine Notes"
958:
946:Newspapers.com
919:
907:Newspapers.com
880:
868:Newspapers.com
841:
829:Newspapers.com
802:
790:Newspapers.com
765:
756:"Port Lists".
748:
731:
719:Newspapers.com
689:
677:Newspapers.com
647:
635:Newspapers.com
608:
596:Newspapers.com
568:
566:
563:
461:
458:
421:
418:
390:reciprocating
306:
303:
279:lake freighter
268:
267:
248:
244:
243:
234:
230:
229:
226:
222:
221:
218:
214:
213:
210:
206:
205:
204:
203:
197:
193:1,986.70
191:
187:2,414.64
183:
179:
178:
173:
169:
168:
164:
163:
160:
156:
155:
152:
151:Identification
148:
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142:
138:
137:
134:
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129:
126:
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118:
114:
113:
110:
106:
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98:
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69:
65:
64:
61:
57:
56:
51:
47:
46:
33:
32:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1752:
1741:
1740:Missing ships
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1698:
1687:
1683:
1680:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1664:
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1618:
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1601:
1593:
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1577:
1569:
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1521:
1518:
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1509:
1506:
1505:
1497:
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1493:
1485:
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1473:
1470:
1469:
1461:
1458:
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1449:
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1445:
1441:
1436:
1428:
1423:
1421:
1416:
1414:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1360:
1356:
1350:
1347:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1333:Boyer, Dwight
1328:
1325:
1320:
1313:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1289:
1286:
1281:
1274:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1250:
1247:
1242:
1235:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1211:
1208:
1203:
1196:
1184:
1180:
1174:
1171:
1166:
1159:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1135:
1132:
1127:
1120:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1096:
1093:
1088:
1081:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1057:
1054:
1049:
1042:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1018:
1015:
1010:
1009:
1001:
998:
993:
986:
974:
973:
968:
962:
959:
954:
947:
935:
934:
929:
923:
920:
915:
908:
896:
895:
890:
884:
881:
876:
869:
857:
856:
851:
845:
842:
837:
830:
818:
817:
812:
806:
803:
798:
791:
779:
775:
769:
766:
761:
760:
752:
749:
744:
738:
736:
732:
727:
720:
708:
707:
702:
696:
694:
690:
685:
678:
666:
665:
660:
654:
652:
648:
643:
636:
624:
623:
618:
612:
609:
604:
597:
585:
584:
579:
573:
570:
564:
562:
560:
559:
554:
549:
546:
542:
538:
533:
531:
530:Traverse City
527:
523:
519:
515:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
483:
479:
475:
474:Lake Michigan
471:
466:
459:
457:
455:
451:
446:
444:
439:
435:
431:
427:
419:
417:
415:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
333:
331:
327:
323:
322:
312:
304:
302:
300:
299:Lake Michigan
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
275:
265:
249:
246:
245:
242:
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232:
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274:W.H. Gilcher
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176:Bulk carrier
125:Commissioned
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1392:October 23,
1067:Inter Ocean
357:steel plate
295:Great Lakes
239:3-cylinder
199:3,000
136:13 May 1891
128:12 May 1891
120:12 May 1891
101:Yard number
1710:1890 ships
1704:Categories
1638:Ella Moore
1443:Shipwrecks
522:mizzenmast
518:Fox Island
503:. Steamer
388:horsepower
384:deadweight
337:forecastle
233:Propulsion
1626:Euphrates
1624:HMS
1306:26 August
1267:19 August
1228:26 August
1189:26 August
1152:26 August
1113:19 August
1074:26 August
1035:19 August
979:19 August
940:19 August
901:25 August
862:25 August
823:25 August
784:21 August
713:19 August
671:20 August
629:20 August
590:20 August
493:John Shaw
430:Milwaukee
341:spar deck
311:Vermilion
287:Cleveland
117:Completed
84:Cleveland
1662:Snaefell
1564:Chishima
1456:Gallatin
1335:(1968).
482:schooner
382:and had
319:SS
291:Sandusky
145:Sandusky
141:Homeport
109:Launched
60:Namesake
1658:c. Aug:
1650:Fazilka
1646:27 Jul:
1584:20 Dec:
1576:Bokhara
1572:18 Dec:
1560:30 Nov:
1536:29 Oct:
1512:27 Sep:
1500:17 Sep:
1476:30 Aug:
1464:c. Jul:
1385:WZZM-TV
811:"Items"
501:Ostrich
460:Sinking
443:bushels
434:Buffalo
407:⁄
258:⁄
182:Tonnage
96:200,000
76:Builder
31:History
1686:1893 →
1679:← 1891
1634:1 Jul:
1621:6 Feb:
1600:Danube
1588:Nubian
1548:2 Nov:
1528:Sirene
1524:9 Oct:
1504:Vienna
1488:8 Sep:
1468:Beaver
1452:6 Jan:
526:Onward
485:Seaman
454:Duluth
396:stroke
345:bridge
209:Length
1596:Unkn:
565:Notes
368:abeam
264:knots
247:Speed
225:Depth
68:Owner
1552:Howe
1394:2020
1366:2019
1308:2020
1269:2020
1230:2020
1191:2020
1154:2020
1115:2020
1076:2020
1037:2020
981:2020
942:2020
903:2020
864:2020
825:2020
786:2020
715:2020
673:2020
631:2020
592:2020
539:and
351:and
343:and
315:US$
217:Beam
172:Type
159:Fate
94:US$
90:Cost
50:Name
380:NRT
376:GRT
285:of
201:DWT
195:NRT
189:GRT
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