2752:
42:
505:
1471:
1398:
756:
591:. Sabine's gulls have an unusual moult pattern for gulls. Fledged birds retain their juvenile plumage through the autumn and do not start moulting into their first winter plumage until they have reached their wintering grounds. Adults have their complete moult in the spring prior to the spring migration, and have a partial moult in the autumn after returning to the wintering area, a reversal of the usual pattern for gulls. They have a very high-pitched and squeaking call.
3156:
587:. The adult has a pale grey back and wing coverts, four black outer primary flight feathers, and white inner primaries and secondaries. The white tail is slightly forked. The adult's hood darkens during breeding season to dark grey with a narrow black collar at the base of the hood. Young birds have a similar tricoloured wing pattern, but the grey is replaced by brown, and the tail has a black terminal band. Juveniles take two years to attain full adult
91:
3943:
66:
232:
513:
1417:
360:, laying two or three spotted olive-brown eggs in a ground nest lined with grass. Sabine's gull is pelagic outside the breeding season. It takes a wide variety of mainly animal food, and will eat any suitable small
1004:
A Voyage of
Discovery made under the orders of the Admiralty in her Majesty's ships Isabella and Alexander, for the purpose of exploring Baffin's Bay, and enquiring into the probability of a North-West
445:, another Arctic species. The two species are thought to have separated around 6 million years ago, longer ago than most groups of gull species, with this pair splitting from the
437:. On the basis of this the two species were often thought to be each other's closest relatives, a hypothesis ruled out by a number of behaviour and ecological differences.
768:
The diet and feeding preferences of Sabine's gull varies by season and habitat. In the breeding season, the gulls pursue a range of freshwater and terrestrial prey on the
4459:
4161:
4226:
1142:Černý, David; Natale, Rossy (2021-07-16). "Comprehensive taxon sampling and vetted fossils help clarify the time tree of shorebirds (Aves, Charadriiformes)".
4539:
2751:
399:. The birds were found breeding on low-lying islands off the west coast of Greenland in July 1818. Sabine's gull is now the only species placed in the
2012:
4446:
4112:
4472:
4174:
456:
are slightly darker and perhaps bigger. Most authorities recognise no races, but a few recognise four based on size and mantle (back) colour. The
4265:
1221:
1069:
1061:
687:
4574:
4394:
4135:
4099:
1309:
1097:
457:
356:. It has also been known historically as fork-tailed gull or "xeme" (from the genus name). It breeds in colonies on arctic coasts and
4564:
1359:
1330:
1249:
1126:
836:, fish, as well as nestling birds or unhatched eggs. Young chicks and eggs, while generally consumed opportunistically, may include
329:
295:
4569:
4498:
4317:
4407:
1498:
726:
998:
392:
4477:
4179:
4213:
3155:
2005:
583:
This species is easy to identify through its striking wing pattern, though at long range it can be confused with immature
611:
south to the
Southern Hemisphere in autumn, covering up to 32,000–39,000 km per year, the longest migration of any gull.
4559:
4549:
4010:
441:
studies confirmed that they are not closely related, and the closest relative of Sabine's gull is now thought to be the
4554:
4047:
4425:
4231:
1022:
683:
4438:
1387:
666:. During their flight south, the birds spend significant time (typically around 45 days) feeding offshore in the
3942:
1285:
4579:
4239:
1998:
1673:
1409:
604:
4516:
1710:
1596:
90:
919:
4244:
4034:
3963:
1979:
1902:
584:
41:
1208:
4291:
4052:
3048:
1643:
1638:
192:
3295:
889:
755:
504:
1002:
4503:
4322:
4026:
2475:
1907:
1606:
1143:
994:
714:
678:. Occasionally, individual Sabine's gulls can be seen on other coastlines, such as the coasts of the
485:
407:
169:
3335:
2803:
2378:
2179:
214:
4140:
3231:
2125:
1961:
1841:
1836:
1491:
742:
430:
373:
55:
4205:
3789:
3540:
3007:
2878:
2527:
2238:
752:, that it has been said to exhibit "cross-continental migration" in addition to migration at sea.
4309:
4060:
3747:
3661:
3530:
3520:
3068:
2415:
2136:
2114:
1720:
1648:
1616:
1289:
85:
4296:
3891:
3827:
3221:
3201:
3058:
2901:
2613:
2465:
2248:
1990:
1846:
1801:
1755:
1571:
1445:
1322:
4464:
4166:
3901:
3758:
3510:
580: in). The bill, which is black with a yellow tip, is around 2.5 cm (1 in) long.
4485:
4381:
4278:
4192:
4073:
3919:
3368:
3315:
3106:
2689:
2199:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1806:
1715:
1678:
1668:
1581:
1566:
1556:
1355:
1326:
1245:
1217:
1122:
1093:
1065:
438:
396:
4001:
3031:
2993:
2854:
566: oz). The wings are long, thin and pointed with a span of between 81 and 87 cm (32–
4490:
4283:
3671:
3551:
3304:
3211:
2969:
2663:
2104:
1811:
1631:
1586:
1511:
1281:
1181:
1026:
976:
935:
884:
845:
722:
655:
477:
303:
269:
4039:
1404:
387:. Sabine based his description on specimens that had been collected by his brother Captain
4252:
3644:
2962:
2793:
2707:
2080:
2065:
2022:
1790:
1776:
1700:
1591:
1378:
841:
738:
142:
1561:
866:
4127:
1470:
1397:
4544:
4433:
4420:
3859:
2844:
2830:
2727:
2426:
1882:
1484:
1348:
1115:
980:
825:
675:
627:
608:
493:
965:"An account of a new species of gull lately discovered on the west coast of Greenland"
429:
and notched tail are almost unique within the gulls, as they are shared only with the
4533:
4187:
3384:
3359:
3344:
2919:
2823:
2696:
2672:
2542:
1750:
1663:
1621:
1318:
960:
939:
875:
702:
694:
667:
635:
388:
381:
377:
209:
75:
70:
1293:
1216:. Vol. 3: Hoatzin to Auks. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. pp. 572–623 .
964:
4386:
4078:
3868:
3810:
3796:
3692:
3678:
3459:
3395:
3124:
3113:
2983:
2946:
2928:
2889:
2716:
2570:
2559:
2535:
2435:
2262:
2214:
1795:
1745:
1653:
1626:
1611:
1551:
1423:
837:
785:
663:
218:
748:
Sabine's gull is recorded often enough inland, in North
America, Europe, and even
4412:
4362:
4065:
725:. Along their migration route, Sabine's gulls make stops along the United States
4304:
4218:
4200:
4148:
3995:
3765:
3737:
3706:
3699:
3606:
3590:
3563:
3494:
3452:
3429:
3260:
3173:
3014:
2579:
2506:
2486:
2321:
2269:
2168:
1864:
1816:
1785:
1736:
1725:
1691:
1576:
1462:
1435:
920:"Trans-equatorial migration, staging sites and wintering area of Sabine's Gulls
773:
473:
1266:
1169:
4330:
3879:
3841:
3723:
3637:
3474:
3411:
3404:
3267:
3140:
3082:
3075:
2935:
2908:
2868:
2861:
2837:
2736:
2679:
2620:
2603:
2596:
2586:
2515:
2389:
2255:
2189:
2147:
2053:
1925:
1705:
1439:
1148:
833:
789:
734:
517:
442:
350:, though some authors include it with other gulls in a wide view of the genus
231:
4335:
3986:
17:
3909:
3772:
3599:
3277:
3000:
2814:
2769:
2648:
2641:
2634:
2627:
2495:
2446:
2354:
2301:
2281:
1893:
1765:
1760:
1658:
1601:
1314:
1030:
809:
679:
619:
465:
446:
434:
418:
222:
102:
4399:
4104:
1476:
1452:
512:
4356:
3980:
3834:
3803:
3779:
3716:
3651:
3572:
3445:
3089:
2976:
2549:
2398:
2158:
2041:
1974:
1430:
813:
805:
797:
793:
643:
615:
361:
122:
4373:
4257:
721:, where a consistent food supply is nourished by the cold waters of the
4511:
4451:
4117:
4021:
3621:
3579:
3438:
3324:
3242:
3185:
3133:
2955:
2455:
2224:
2059:
1529:
1350:
The
Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Birds, Eastern Region
781:
777:
749:
710:
698:
659:
647:
631:
588:
152:
3926:
3817:
3483:
3377:
3251:
3096:
3038:
3021:
2405:
2035:
1466:
1457:
821:
817:
769:
730:
671:
651:
623:
600:
453:
357:
112:
4153:
3957:
1185:
4091:
918:
Stenhouse, Iain J.; Egevang, Carsten; Phillips, Richard A. (2011).
4086:
3730:
3685:
3630:
2047:
1542:
1520:
829:
801:
754:
718:
706:
639:
511:
503:
400:
352:
607:
distribution across northernmost North
America and Eurasia. They
4270:
3848:
3284:
1507:
426:
344:. It is usually treated as the only species placed in the genus
341:
132:
3961:
3171:
2767:
2352:
2078:
1994:
1480:
1168:
Day, Robert H.; Stenhouse, Ian J.; Gilchrist, H. Grant (2001).
410:
in an appendix to Ross's account of the voyage. The genus name
1267:"Reproductive Biology of Sabine's Gull in the Canadian Arctic"
670:. They may also stop at different island chains, such as the
538:–13 in) in length and weighing 135 to 225 g (
1286:
10.1650/0010-5422(2001)103[0098:RBOSSG]2.0.CO;2
318:
284:
278:
425:
only when the genus is enlarged. The yellow-tipped black
312:
1659:
Vega gull (or East
Siberian gull / Mongolian gull)
524:
Sabine's gull is a small gull, 27 to 33 cm (
1307:
del Hoyo, J.; Elliot, A.; Sargatal, J., eds. (1998).
1212:. In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. (eds.).
848:, as well as other gulls, including Sabine's gulls.
460:
recognises four subspecies. The nominate subspecies,
330:
321:
309:
296:
287:
275:
3915:
3897:
3887:
3823:
3785:
3754:
3743:
3712:
3667:
3657:
3546:
3536:
3526:
3516:
3506:
3426:
3273:
3227:
3217:
3207:
3197:
3102:
3064:
3054:
3044:
3027:
2989:
2897:
2874:
2850:
2799:
2789:
2685:
2609:
2592:
2555:
2523:
2471:
2461:
2411:
2374:
2235:
2211:
2195:
2185:
2175:
2164:
2154:
2142:
2132:
2121:
2110:
2100:
315:
281:
4346:
3970:
3878:
3858:
3620:
3589:
3562:
3493:
3473:
3425:
3394:
3367:
3358:
3334:
3314:
3294:
3250:
3241:
3184:
3123:
2945:
2918:
2888:
2813:
2780:
2726:
2706:
2662:
2569:
2514:
2505:
2485:
2445:
2425:
2388:
2365:
2320:
2300:
2280:
2234:
2210:
2091:
1952:
1934:
1916:
1891:
1873:
1855:
1774:
1734:
1689:
1540:
1519:
1265:Montevecchi, W; Stenhouse, I; Gilchrist, H (2001).
306:
272:
1347:
1207:
1114:
890:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22694479A157413905.en
733:and Central America; they can be observed on the
417:Sabine's gull is usually treated as comprising a
414:appears to be an invented name without meaning.
1533:(† indicates a species confirmed to be extinct)
626:populations of Sabine's gull usually cross the
1113:Hagemeijer, W.J.M.; Blair, M.J., eds. (1997).
1031:"Noddies, gulls, terns, skimmers, skuas, auks"
713:off of the South American west coast from the
2006:
1492:
969:Transactions of the Linnean Society of London
452:Geographical variation is slight; birds from
8:
1346:Bull, John; Farrand, John Jr. (April 1984).
1058:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
701:populations winters at sea in the southeast
630:by way of the westernmost coasts of Europe (
406:that was described in 1819 by the zoologist
913:
911:
909:
907:
3958:
3499:
3364:
3247:
3190:
3181:
3168:
2777:
2764:
2511:
2362:
2349:
2088:
2075:
2013:
1999:
1991:
1711:Great black-headed gull (or Pallas's gull)
1499:
1485:
1477:
1469:
1396:
1008:. London: John Murray. Appendix II, p. 57.
230:
64:
40:
31:
1147:
1117:The EBCC Atlas of European Breeding Birds
888:
1242:Gulls of Europe, Asia, and North America
1235:
1233:
1088:Snow, D.W.; Perrins, C.M., eds. (1998).
857:
1812:Grey-headed gull (or grey-hooded gull)
1180:. Ithaca: Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
1163:
1161:
1159:
690:, typically following autumn storms.
1083:
1081:
1037:. International Ornithologists' Union
1017:
1015:
737:coast and along the Pacific coast of
464:, breeds from the Canadian Arctic to
421:genus; it is placed within the genus
7:
4517:8217836D-2277-423C-9914-92397A7E4FC1
4439:3bebd4b1-3c2e-4358-b488-0968273005c0
1060:. London: Christopher Helm. p.
492:(Portenko, 1939) is found from the
4540:IUCN Red List least concern species
1090:The Birds of the Western Palearctic
876:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1310:Handbook of the Birds of the World
1214:Handbook of the Birds of the World
1206:Burger, J.; Golchfeld, M. (1996).
981:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1817.tb00244.x
784:), including both terrestrial and
516:Sabine's gull flying at the fjord
458:Handbook of the Birds of the World
25:
1436:Audio recordings of Sabine's gull
1240:Olsen, K.M.; Larsson, H. (2004).
1178:The Birds of North America Online
3941:
3154:
2750:
1035:IOC World Bird List Version 11.2
940:10.1111/j.1474-919X.2011.01180.x
302:
268:
89:
1453:Field Guide: Birds of the World
1418:Sabine's gull photo gallery
1379:BirdLife species factsheet for
865:BirdLife International (2020).
484:(Portenko, 1939) breeds on the
682:, and in North America in the
1:
1354:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
650:) to winter off southwestern
1420:at VIREO (Drexel University)
729:, and the Pacific coasts of
599:Sabine's gulls breed in the
472:(Stegman, 1934) breeds from
395:on a voyage to look for the
391:who had accompanied Captain
4575:Taxa named by Joseph Sabine
449:about 8 million years ago.
4596:
684:northeastern United States
654:in the cold waters of the
376:in 1819 by the naturalist
3938:
3502:
3193:
3180:
3167:
3152:
2776:
2763:
2748:
2361:
2348:
2087:
2074:
2030:
1970:
1424:Interactive range map of
1405:"Sabine's gull media"
1149:10.1101/2021.07.15.452585
1056:Jobling, James A (2010).
883:: e.T22694479A157413905.
238:
229:
198:
191:
86:Scientific classification
84:
62:
53:
48:
39:
34:
4565:Birds of Southern Africa
4141:sabines-gull-xema-sabini
2025:and their extinct allies
1674:Lesser black-backed gull
1602:Kelp gull (or Cape gull)
1410:Internet Bird Collection
646:) and northwest Africa (
595:Distribution and habitat
4570:Birds described in 1819
1597:Great black-backed gull
828:, various invertebrate
585:black-legged kittiwakes
508:Adult flying in Iceland
1980:Hybridisation in gulls
1903:Black-legged kittiwake
924:in the Atlantic Ocean"
760:
521:
509:
4292:Paleobiology Database
1644:American herring gull
1639:European herring gull
995:Leach, William Elford
758:
515:
507:
4434:Fauna Europaea (new)
1908:Red-legged kittiwake
1607:Glaucous-winged gull
1092:(Concise ed.).
1029:, eds. (July 2021).
693:Most of the western
486:Chukotskiy Peninsula
482:X. s. tschuktschorum
4560:Birds of North Asia
4550:Birds of the Arctic
1962:Swallow-tailed gull
1837:Slender-billed gull
772:(and within boreal
743:Baja California Sur
431:swallow-tailed gull
56:Conservation status
4555:Birds of Greenland
3296:Synthliboramphini
1721:Mediterranean gull
1649:Yellow-legged gull
1617:Yellow-footed gull
1431:IUCN Red List maps
1121:. London: Poyser.
1025:; Donsker, David;
761:
759:Sabine's gull eggs
522:
510:
490:X. s. woznesenskii
470:X. s. palaearctica
374:formally described
372:Sabine's gull was
256: Non-breeding
35:Sabine's gull
4527:
4526:
4486:Open Tree of Life
4279:Open Tree of Life
3964:Taxon identifiers
3955:
3954:
3951:
3950:
3936:
3935:
3616:
3615:
3469:
3468:
3421:
3420:
3354:
3353:
3163:
3162:
3150:
3149:
2759:
2758:
2746:
2745:
2658:
2657:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2339:
1988:
1987:
1975:Gull eggs as food
1832:Black-headed gull
1827:Brown-headed gull
1822:Black-billed gull
1807:Brown-hooded gull
1669:Slaty-backed gull
1582:Short-billed gull
1567:Black-tailed gull
1463:Sabine's gull
1223:978-84-87334-20-7
1071:978-1-4081-2501-4
1027:Rasmussen, Pamela
846:lapland longspurs
715:Galápagos Islands
439:Mitochondrial DNA
397:Northwest Passage
261:
260:
173:
79:
49:Adult in Iceland
16:(Redirected from
4587:
4520:
4519:
4507:
4506:
4494:
4493:
4481:
4480:
4468:
4467:
4455:
4454:
4442:
4441:
4429:
4428:
4416:
4415:
4403:
4402:
4390:
4389:
4377:
4376:
4367:
4366:
4365:
4339:
4338:
4326:
4325:
4313:
4312:
4300:
4299:
4287:
4286:
4274:
4273:
4261:
4260:
4248:
4247:
4235:
4234:
4222:
4221:
4219:NHMSYS0020755071
4209:
4208:
4196:
4195:
4183:
4182:
4170:
4169:
4157:
4156:
4144:
4143:
4131:
4130:
4121:
4120:
4108:
4107:
4095:
4094:
4082:
4081:
4069:
4068:
4056:
4055:
4043:
4042:
4030:
4029:
4027:86182656472B476B
4017:
4016:
4006:
4005:
4004:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3959:
3946:
3945:
3917:
3899:
3889:
3825:
3787:
3756:
3745:
3714:
3669:
3659:
3548:
3538:
3528:
3518:
3508:
3500:
3428:
3365:
3305:Synthliboramphus
3275:
3248:
3229:
3219:
3212:Hydrotherikornis
3209:
3199:
3191:
3182:
3169:
3158:
3104:
3066:
3056:
3046:
3029:
2991:
2899:
2876:
2852:
2801:
2791:
2778:
2765:
2754:
2687:
2664:Recurvirostridae
2611:
2594:
2557:
2525:
2512:
2473:
2463:
2413:
2376:
2363:
2350:
2237:
2213:
2197:
2187:
2177:
2166:
2156:
2144:
2134:
2123:
2112:
2105:Charadriisimilis
2102:
2089:
2076:
2015:
2008:
2001:
1992:
1842:Bonaparte's gull
1587:Ring-billed gull
1501:
1494:
1487:
1478:
1473:
1414:
1400:
1395:
1366:
1365:
1353:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1271:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1237:
1228:
1227:
1211:
1209:"Family Laridae"
1203:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1170:"Sabine's Gull (
1165:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1120:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1085:
1076:
1075:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1019:
1010:
1009:
991:
985:
984:
957:
951:
950:
948:
946:
915:
902:
901:
899:
897:
892:
862:
842:black turnstones
782:coastal wetlands
764:Diet and feeding
723:Humboldt Current
688:Eastern Seaboard
656:Benguela Current
579:
578:
574:
571:
565:
564:
560:
557:
551:
550:
546:
543:
537:
536:
532:
529:
478:Taymyr Peninsula
328:
327:
324:
323:
320:
317:
314:
311:
308:
294:
293:
290:
289:
286:
283:
280:
277:
274:
255:
249:
243:
234:
221:, west coast of
204:
168:
94:
93:
73:
68:
67:
44:
32:
21:
4595:
4594:
4590:
4589:
4588:
4586:
4585:
4584:
4580:Holarctic birds
4530:
4529:
4528:
4523:
4515:
4510:
4502:
4497:
4489:
4484:
4476:
4471:
4463:
4458:
4450:
4445:
4437:
4432:
4424:
4419:
4411:
4406:
4398:
4393:
4385:
4380:
4372:
4370:
4361:
4360:
4355:
4342:
4334:
4329:
4321:
4316:
4308:
4303:
4295:
4290:
4282:
4277:
4269:
4264:
4256:
4253:Observation.org
4251:
4243:
4238:
4230:
4225:
4217:
4212:
4204:
4199:
4191:
4186:
4178:
4173:
4165:
4160:
4152:
4147:
4139:
4134:
4126:
4124:
4116:
4111:
4103:
4098:
4090:
4085:
4077:
4072:
4064:
4059:
4051:
4046:
4038:
4033:
4025:
4020:
4014:
4009:
4000:
3999:
3994:
3985:
3984:
3979:
3966:
3956:
3947:
3940:
3932:
3874:
3854:
3645:Chroicocephalus
3612:
3585:
3558:
3489:
3465:
3417:
3390:
3350:
3330:
3310:
3290:
3237:
3176:
3159:
3146:
3119:
2941:
2914:
2884:
2809:
2772:
2755:
2742:
2722:
2708:Ibidorhynchidae
2702:
2654:
2565:
2501:
2481:
2441:
2421:
2384:
2357:
2336:
2316:
2296:
2276:
2230:
2206:
2083:
2081:Charadriiformes
2070:
2066:Charadriiformes
2026:
2019:
1989:
1984:
1966:
1948:
1930:
1912:
1887:
1869:
1851:
1847:Saunders's gull
1802:Hartlaub's gull
1791:Red-billed gull
1777:Chroicocephalus
1770:
1756:Franklin's gull
1730:
1701:White-eyed gull
1685:
1592:California gull
1572:Heermann's gull
1536:
1515:
1505:
1403:
1386:
1375:
1370:
1369:
1362:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1333:
1313:. Vol. 3.
1306:
1305:
1301:
1269:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1252:
1239:
1238:
1231:
1224:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1190:
1188:
1186:10.2173/bna.593
1167:
1166:
1157:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1129:
1112:
1111:
1107:
1100:
1087:
1086:
1079:
1072:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1040:
1038:
1021:
1020:
1013:
993:
992:
988:
975:(2): 520–523 .
959:
958:
954:
944:
942:
917:
916:
905:
895:
893:
864:
863:
859:
854:
786:aquatic beetles
766:
739:Baja California
597:
576:
572:
569:
567:
562:
558:
555:
553:
548:
544:
541:
539:
534:
530:
527:
525:
502:
488:of Russia, and
480:in Russia, and
370:
305:
301:
271:
267:
257:
253:
251:
250: Migration
247:
245:
241:
225:
213:
206:
200:
187:
167:
143:Charadriiformes
88:
80:
69:
65:
58:
28:
27:Species of bird
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4593:
4591:
4583:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4532:
4531:
4525:
4524:
4522:
4521:
4508:
4495:
4482:
4469:
4456:
4443:
4430:
4421:Fauna Europaea
4417:
4404:
4391:
4378:
4368:
4352:
4350:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4327:
4314:
4301:
4288:
4275:
4262:
4249:
4236:
4223:
4210:
4197:
4184:
4171:
4158:
4145:
4132:
4122:
4109:
4096:
4083:
4070:
4057:
4044:
4031:
4018:
4007:
3992:
3976:
3974:
3968:
3967:
3962:
3953:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3931:
3930:
3923:
3913:
3906:
3895:
3884:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3864:
3862:
3860:Stercorariidae
3856:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3845:
3838:
3831:
3821:
3814:
3807:
3800:
3793:
3783:
3776:
3769:
3762:
3752:
3741:
3734:
3727:
3720:
3710:
3703:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3675:
3665:
3655:
3648:
3641:
3634:
3626:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3610:
3603:
3595:
3593:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3576:
3568:
3566:
3560:
3559:
3557:
3556:
3544:
3534:
3524:
3514:
3503:
3497:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3487:
3479:
3477:
3471:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3463:
3456:
3449:
3442:
3434:
3432:
3423:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3408:
3400:
3398:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3388:
3381:
3373:
3371:
3362:
3356:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3340:
3338:
3336:Brachyramphini
3332:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3320:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3308:
3300:
3298:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3281:
3271:
3264:
3256:
3254:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3235:
3225:
3215:
3205:
3194:
3188:
3178:
3177:
3172:
3165:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3137:
3129:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3110:
3100:
3093:
3086:
3079:
3072:
3062:
3052:
3042:
3035:
3025:
3018:
3011:
3004:
2997:
2987:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2959:
2951:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2932:
2924:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2905:
2894:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2848:
2841:
2834:
2831:Hydrophasianus
2827:
2819:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2804:Scolopacimilis
2797:
2786:
2784:
2782:incertae sedis
2774:
2773:
2768:
2761:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2740:
2732:
2730:
2728:Haematopodidae
2724:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2712:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2693:
2683:
2676:
2668:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2631:
2624:
2617:
2607:
2600:
2590:
2583:
2575:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2553:
2546:
2539:
2532:
2520:
2518:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2491:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2469:
2459:
2451:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2431:
2429:
2427:Pluvianellidae
2423:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2409:
2402:
2394:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2379:Cherevychnavis
2371:
2369:
2367:incertae sedis
2359:
2358:
2353:
2346:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2333:
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2326:
2324:
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2277:
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2274:
2266:
2259:
2252:
2244:
2242:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2220:
2218:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2193:
2183:
2180:Sarjeantopodus
2173:
2162:
2152:
2140:
2130:
2119:
2108:
2097:
2095:
2093:incertae sedis
2085:
2084:
2079:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1995:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1971:
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1967:
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1946:
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1911:
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1885:
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1877:
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1870:
1868:
1867:
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1839:
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1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1742:
1740:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1716:Audouin's gull
1713:
1708:
1703:
1697:
1695:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1681:
1679:Heuglin's gull
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1557:Belcher's gull
1554:
1548:
1546:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1525:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1496:
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1475:
1474:
1460:
1443:
1433:
1421:
1415:
1401:
1384:
1374:
1373:External links
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1105:
1099:978-0198540991
1098:
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1011:
986:
961:Sabine, Joseph
952:
903:
856:
855:
853:
850:
765:
762:
695:North American
676:Canary Islands
628:Atlantic Ocean
603:, with a near-
596:
593:
520:in Spitsbergen
501:
498:
494:Gulf of Anadyr
369:
366:
259:
258:
252:
246:
244: Breeding
240:
236:
235:
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215:Sabine islands
207:
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184:X. sabini
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3393:
3387:
3386:
3385:Ptychoramphus
3382:
3380:
3379:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3360:Fraterculinae
3357:
3347:
3346:
3345:Brachyramphus
3342:
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3333:
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3321:
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3257:
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3232:Pseudocepphus
3226:
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2965:
2964:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2920:Rostratulidae
2917:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2873:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2835:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2824:Actophilornis
2821:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2766:
2762:
2753:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2699:
2698:
2697:Recurvirostra
2694:
2692:
2691:
2684:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2673:Cladorhynchus
2670:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2554:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2543:Hoploxypterus
2540:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2403:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2351:
2347:
2330:
2329:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2319:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2290:
2289:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2209:
2202:
2201:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2126:Fluviatitavis
2120:
2117:
2116:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2077:
2073:
2067:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2024:
2016:
2011:
2009:
2004:
2002:
1997:
1996:
1993:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1945:
1944:Sabine's gull
1942:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1751:Laughing gull
1749:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1733:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1688:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1664:Armenian gull
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1632:Thayer's gull
1630:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1622:Glaucous gull
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1509:
1502:
1497:
1495:
1490:
1488:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1393:
1389:
1388:"Xema sabini"
1385:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1363:
1361:0-394-41405-5
1357:
1352:
1351:
1342:
1339:
1334:
1332:84-87334-20-2
1328:
1324:
1320:
1319:Lynx Edicions
1316:
1312:
1311:
1303:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1280:(1): 98–107.
1279:
1275:
1268:
1261:
1258:
1253:
1251:0-7136-7087-8
1247:
1243:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1202:
1199:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1173:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1150:
1145:
1138:
1135:
1130:
1128:0-85661-091-7
1124:
1119:
1118:
1109:
1106:
1101:
1095:
1091:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1052:
1049:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1006:
1000:
996:
990:
987:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
962:
956:
953:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
923:
914:
912:
910:
908:
904:
891:
886:
882:
878:
877:
872:
870:
861:
858:
851:
849:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
763:
757:
753:
751:
746:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
705:, heading to
704:
703:Pacific Ocean
700:
696:
691:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
668:Bay of Biscay
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
636:Great Britain
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
612:
610:
606:
602:
594:
592:
590:
586:
581:
519:
514:
506:
499:
497:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
415:
413:
409:
408:William Leach
405:
402:
398:
394:
390:
389:Edward Sabine
386:
383:
382:binomial name
379:
378:Joseph Sabine
375:
367:
365:
363:
359:
355:
354:
349:
348:
343:
340:) is a small
339:
338:
333:
332:
326:
299:
298:
292:
265:
264:Sabine's gull
237:
233:
228:
224:
220:
216:
211:
205:
203:
197:
194:
193:Binomial name
190:
186:
185:
180:
177:
176:
171:
166:
165:
161:
158:
157:
154:
151:
148:
147:
144:
141:
138:
137:
134:
131:
128:
127:
124:
121:
118:
117:
114:
111:
108:
107:
104:
101:
98:
97:
92:
87:
83:
77:
72:
71:Least Concern
61:
57:
52:
47:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
18:Sabine’s gull
4348:Larus sabini
4347:
4128:sabines-gull
3971:
3925:
3918:
3908:
3900:
3890:
3869:Stercorarius
3867:
3847:
3840:
3833:
3826:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3797:Rhodostethia
3795:
3790:Pseudosterna
3788:
3778:
3771:
3764:
3757:
3746:
3736:
3729:
3722:
3715:
3705:
3698:
3693:Hydrocoloeus
3691:
3684:
3679:Gelochelidon
3677:
3670:
3660:
3650:
3643:
3636:
3629:
3605:
3598:
3578:
3571:
3550:
3541:Paractiornis
3539:
3529:
3519:
3509:
3482:
3460:Praemancalla
3458:
3451:
3444:
3437:
3410:
3403:
3396:Fraterculini
3383:
3376:
3343:
3323:
3303:
3283:
3276:
3266:
3259:
3230:
3220:
3210:
3200:
3139:
3132:
3125:Thinocoridae
3112:
3105:
3095:
3088:
3081:
3074:
3067:
3057:
3047:
3037:
3030:
3020:
3013:
3008:Limnocryptes
3006:
2999:
2992:
2984:Coenocorypha
2982:
2975:
2968:
2961:
2954:
2947:Scolopacidae
2934:
2929:Nycticryphes
2927:
2907:
2900:
2890:Pedionomidae
2879:Nupharanassa
2877:
2867:
2860:
2853:
2843:
2836:
2829:
2822:
2802:
2792:
2781:
2735:
2717:Ibidorhyncha
2715:
2695:
2688:
2678:
2671:
2647:
2640:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2602:
2595:
2585:
2578:
2571:Charadriinae
2558:
2548:
2541:
2536:Erythrogonys
2534:
2528:Dolicopterus
2526:
2494:
2474:
2464:
2454:
2436:Pluvianellus
2434:
2414:
2404:
2397:
2377:
2366:
2268:
2263:Palaeotringa
2261:
2254:
2247:
2239:Graculavidae
2223:
2215:Laornithidae
2198:
2188:
2178:
2167:
2157:
2146:
2135:
2124:
2113:
2103:
2092:
2052:Infraclass:
1953:
1943:
1935:
1917:
1892:
1875:Rhodostethia
1874:
1857:Hydrocoloeus
1856:
1796:Huahine gull
1775:
1746:Dolphin gull
1735:
1690:
1654:Caspian gull
1627:Iceland gull
1612:Western gull
1562:Olrog's gull
1552:Pacific gull
1541:
1528:
1451:
1446:
1425:
1408:
1391:
1380:
1349:
1341:
1308:
1302:
1277:
1273:
1260:
1241:
1213:
1201:
1189:. Retrieved
1177:
1171:
1137:
1116:
1108:
1089:
1057:
1051:
1039:. Retrieved
1034:
1003:
989:
972:
968:
955:
943:. Retrieved
934:(1): 42–51.
931:
927:
922:Larus sabini
921:
894:. Retrieved
880:
874:
868:
860:
806:flower flies
774:river deltas
767:
747:
717:to northern
692:
664:South Africa
638:, northwest
622:and eastern
613:
598:
582:
523:
489:
481:
469:
462:X. s. sabini
461:
451:
422:
416:
411:
403:
385:Larus sabini
384:
371:
351:
346:
345:
336:
335:
263:
262:
219:Melville Bay
201:
199:
183:
182:
163:
162:
29:
4336:Xema-sabini
4305:SeaLifeBase
4240:Neotropical
4201:NatureServe
4149:iNaturalist
4002:Xema sabini
3996:Wikispecies
3972:Xema sabini
3766:Onychoprion
3748:Limicolavis
3738:Leucophaeus
3707:Ichthyaetus
3700:Hydroprogne
3662:Feducciavis
3607:Rhinoptilus
3591:Glareolinae
3564:Glareolinae
3531:Mioglareola
3521:Boutersemia
3495:Glareolidae
3453:Miomancalla
3430:Mancallinae
3069:Parvelorius
3015:Limnodromus
2580:Anarhynchus
2507:Pluvianidae
2487:Pluvianidae
2416:Genucrassum
2331:See below ↓
2311:See below ↓
2291:See below ↓
2270:Telmatornis
2169:Palintropus
2137:Jiliniornis
2115:Eupterornis
1883:Ross's gull
1865:Little gull
1817:Andean gull
1786:Silver gull
1737:Leucophaeus
1726:Relict gull
1692:Ichthyaetus
1577:Common gull
1465:media from
1447:Xema sabini
1426:Xema sabini
1381:Xema sabini
1172:Xema sabini
1023:Gill, Frank
945:6 September
896:19 November
869:Xema sabini
834:crustaceans
790:springtails
605:circumpolar
500:Description
496:to Alaska.
474:Spitsbergen
393:John Ross's
337:Xema sabini
202:Xema sabini
4534:Categories
4331:Xeno-canto
3892:Cerestenia
3880:Turnicidae
3842:Thalasseus
3828:Sternalara
3724:Larosterna
3638:Chlidonias
3475:Dromadidae
3412:Fratercula
3405:Cerorhinca
3222:Miocepphus
3202:Divisulcus
3141:Thinocorus
3083:Prosobonia
3076:Phalaropus
3059:Paractitis
2936:Rostratula
2909:Pedionomus
2902:Oligonomus
2869:Microparra
2862:Metopidius
2838:Irediparra
2737:Haematopus
2680:Himantopus
2621:Oreopholus
2614:Jilniornis
2604:Elseyornis
2597:Dorypaltus
2587:Charadrius
2516:Vanellinae
2466:Chionoides
2390:Burhinidae
2256:Graculavus
2249:Dakotornis
2190:Scandiavis
2148:Morsoravis
2054:Neognathae
2023:shorebirds
2021:Genera of
1926:Ivory gull
1706:Sooty gull
1514:: Laridae)
1440:Xeno-canto
1321:. p.
1274:The Condor
1041:1 December
999:Ross, John
852:References
826:water bugs
798:mosquitoes
794:craneflies
745:, Mexico.
735:California
727:West Coast
634:, western
518:Trygghamna
447:kittiwakes
443:ivory gull
380:under the
4363:Q15729751
3910:Ortyxelos
3902:Eocliffia
3773:Pagophila
3759:Limosavis
3600:Cursorius
3552:Precursor
3511:Becassius
3278:Pinguinus
3001:Gallinago
2970:Bartramia
2815:Jacanidae
2770:Scolopaci
2649:Thinornis
2642:Pluvialis
2635:Phegornis
2628:Peltohyas
2496:Pluvianus
2447:Chionidae
2355:Charadrii
2302:Scolopaci
2282:Charadrii
2034:Kingdom:
1918:Pagophila
1766:Grey gull
1761:Lava gull
1315:Barcelona
1191:6 January
838:waterfowl
822:arachnids
810:Syrphidae
778:estuaries
680:North Sea
620:Greenland
466:Greenland
435:Galapagos
419:monotypic
223:Greenland
178:Species:
109:Kingdom:
103:Eukaryota
4465:10190266
4371:BioLib:
4357:Wikidata
4206:2.106341
4193:22694479
4167:10839875
4040:22694479
4035:BirdLife
3981:Wikidata
3920:Turnipax
3835:Sternula
3804:Rynchops
3780:Phaetusa
3717:Laricola
3652:Creagrus
3573:Glareola
3446:Mancalla
3369:Aethiini
3316:Cepphini
3107:Villetus
3090:Scolopax
3039:Numenius
2977:Calidris
2963:Arenaria
2690:Kashinia
2550:Vanellus
2399:Burhinus
2200:Volgavis
2159:Nahmavis
2042:Chordata
2040:Phylum:
2036:Animalia
1954:Creagrus
1294:53364581
1244:. Helm.
997:(1819).
963:(1819).
814:molluscs
711:outcrops
699:Siberian
644:Portugal
624:Canadian
616:Svalbard
368:Taxonomy
297:SAY-bine
212:, 1819)
149:Family:
123:Chordata
119:Phylum:
113:Animalia
99:Domain:
76:IUCN 3.1
4512:ZooBank
4452:2481164
4118:2481221
4022:Avibase
3987:Q212047
3672:Gaviota
3622:Laridae
3580:Stiltia
3439:Alcodes
3325:Cepphus
3243:Alcinae
3186:Alcidae
3134:Attagis
3049:Nuntius
3032:Mirolia
2994:Elorius
2956:Actitis
2855:Janipes
2794:Hakawai
2456:Chionis
2225:Laornis
2064:Order:
2060:Neoaves
2058:Clade:
2046:Class:
1530:Species
1392:Avibase
1144:bioRxiv
1005:passage
1001:(ed.).
818:insects
750:Siberia
660:Namibia
648:Morocco
632:Ireland
609:migrate
589:plumage
575:⁄
561:⁄
547:⁄
533:⁄
476:to the
433:of the
331:SAB-ine
217:, near
159:Genus:
153:Laridae
139:Order:
129:Class:
74: (
4504:137151
4491:558955
4478:176865
4408:EURING
4323:137167
4297:369435
4284:558955
4271:137167
4245:sabgul
4232:128050
4180:176866
4125:GNAB:
4092:sabgul
4066:sabgul
4015:sabgul
3927:Turnix
3818:Sterna
3484:Dromas
3378:Aethia
3252:Alcini
3097:Tringa
3022:Limosa
2845:Jacana
2560:Viator
2476:Neilus
2406:Esacus
1512:family
1467:ARKive
1458:Flickr
1358:
1329:
1292:
1248:
1220:
1146:
1125:
1096:
1068:
830:larvae
802:midges
770:tundra
731:Mexico
707:islets
672:Azores
652:Africa
601:Arctic
454:Alaska
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4545:Gulls
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