31:
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attained her status because she was more knowledgeable than most women, often acquiring her knowledge of Hebrew and the intricacies of
Judaism from her husband, father, or other learned relative. It was not unusual for this position to be held consecutively by several generations of women of a
267:
of whom it was written: "she prayed from the women in her lovely prayer." The phenomenon of women precentors continued to develop and spread geographically. Examples are found across Europe, the
Mediterranean and the Americas, as well as among Ashkenazim and Sephardim.
272:
and synonymous titles were unique to
Ashkenazi communities.) Female precentors appear to have flourished most in Eastern Europe, reaching their apex during the 18th and 19th centuries, just prior to the emergence of Judaism's liberal and egalitarian movements.
167:
translated more or less exactly; other times she translated freely and added her own interpretation. This parallel prayer system was probably welcome to women for whom the Hebrew liturgy, due to their lack of education, was largely incomprehensible. The
195:
The origin of women precentors in synagogues is directly related to the adoption of gender-segregated ritual space for rabbinic Jewish practice. Although the first historical evidence of gender-separation appears as early as the eighth century in
360:, and Rebecca Tiktiner (d. 1550, daughter of Rabbi Meir Tiktiner) of Prague. Though specific names have not yet been identified, instances of Jewish women precentors also occurred in 17th century Ottoman
1298:
1338:
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synagogues, the first direct discussion of gender segregation by rabbis appears in the tenth century. This evolved into a Jewish tradition under the rabbis of the
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1992:
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181:) as well as poems. On rare occasions women precentors may have led a second prayer service apart from the one organized by men.
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2411:
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352:, Leah Dreyzl (early 18th century, wife of R' Aryeh Leib Auerbach) of Stanislov, Toybe (17th century, wife of Yankev Pan) of
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Berger, Shulamith Z. (1992). "Tehines: A Brief Survey of Women's
Prayers". In Grossman, Susan; Haut, Rivka (eds.).
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Traditional
Yiddish literature: a source for the study of women's religious lives (Jacob Pat Memorial Lecture)
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between Jewish communities. By the mid-fifteenth century, gender-segregation was accepted as commonplace.
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Daughters of the King: Women and the
Synagogue (A Survey of History, Halakhah, and Contemporary Realities)
671:(1992). "Meḥitza: Halakhic Decisions and Political Consequences". In Grossman, Susan; Haut, Rivka (eds.).
580:
Daughters of the King: Women and the
Synagogue (A Survey of History, Halakhah, and Contemporary Realities)
85:
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particular family. Besides reciting prayers for and mentoring other female members of the community,
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A History of Jewish
Literature: Old Yiddish literature from its origins to the Haskalah period
211:), spreading on migration and trade routes, as well as through the correspondence of rabbinic
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Identity and ethos: a festschrift for Sol
Liptzin on the occasion of his 85th birthday
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Voices of the
Matriarchs: Listening to the Prayers of Early Modern Jewish Women
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The first historically recognizable women precentors emerge soon after the
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The Jewish Woman in Rabbinic Literature: A Psychohistorical Perspective
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Gender-segregated seating within synagogues was common from the early
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include Rebbetsin Serril Rappaport of Oleksiniec (daughter of the
29:
3135:
1669:
357:
27:
Historical female religious role in Ashkenazi Jewish synagoogues
1642:
738:
159:, balcony, or annex and translated the Hebrew prayers into the
263:. Marat Guta bat R. Nathan (d. 1308) was another of the early
609:
Silke Muter Goldberg (2005). Platzner, Robert Leonard (ed.).
470:
Jews and the Renaissance of Synagogue Architecture, 1450–1730
239:
was a separate structure. (A similar annex was built in the
163:
for the other women who had come to pray. Sometimes the
710:
The Maiden of Ludmir: A Jewish Holy Woman and Her World
293:(1815–1888), the only child of a wealthy merchant from
90:
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313:(1819-1894), may have composed and collected the
177:would sometimes write their own prayers (called
645:Women and Judaism: New Insights and Scholarship
1654:
750:
135:, parallel to the main service led by a male
8:
3143:Center of Contemporary Jewish Documentation
356:, Deborah Ascarelli (sixteenth century) of
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501:Liptzin, Solomon; Gelber, Mark H. (1986).
462:
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402:
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1690:Index of Jewish history-related articles
713:. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California:
348:), Rachel Mendes Meza (18th century) of
46:(from "Remembrance of the Destruction,"
3189:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
394:
325:of the synagogue of her husband, Rabbi
243:Synagogue.) Both Dulcie (wife of Rabbi
233:. This annex, unlike a veiled or gated
75:'fore-sayer' or 'front-sayer';
679:. Jewish Publication Society. p.
584:. Jewish Publication Society. p.
317:she later published in her bestelling
1485:Jewish League for Woman Suffrage (UK)
7:
1613:
1623:
80:
65:
3344:Orthodox rabbinic roles and titles
3136:YIVO Institute for Jewish Research
3116:American Jewish Historical Society
251:served as precentors in the Worms
25:
1553:Orthodox Jewish schools for women
643:Greenspahn, Frederick E. (2009).
151:well into the modern period. The
127:leading women in prayer from the
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1622:
1612:
1603:
1602:
1591:
1480:League of Jewish Women (Germany)
131:(women's gallery or annex) as a
615:. Peter Lang. pp. 99–100.
255:. Richenza is mentioned in the
3208:Relations with other religions
1490:Women's Orchestra of Auschwitz
876:World Congress of Jewish Women
866:1907 New York City Rent Strike
856:1904 New York City Rent Strike
715:University of California Press
1:
3195:Encyclopedia of the Holocaust
612:Gender, Tradition and Renewal
445:. Harvard University Library.
342:
321:(1855), while serving as the
227:
205:
119:, was a historic role in the
3339:Jewish religious occupations
3126:Leo Baeck Institute New York
3121:American Sephardi Federation
551:Brayer, Menachem M. (1986).
1949:Constantinopolitan Karaites
91:
3375:
3177:National Library of Israel
1818:Zionism, race and genetics
647:. NYU Press. p. 119.
291:Hannah Rochel Verbermacher
188:
155:stood in the front of the
42:in the Women's Gallery on
3334:Yiddish words and phrases
3275:
3131:Yeshiva University Museum
3111:Center for Jewish History
1680:
1586:
1204:Rabbis and Torah scholars
827:Gender and Jewish studies
812:Matrilineality in Judaism
3359:Female religious workers
1723:Ancient Israel and Judah
1444:Women's Rabbinic Network
851:1902 Kosher Meat Boycott
526:Weissler, Chava (1999).
441:Weissler, Chava (1988).
413:. KTAV. pp. 23–24.
407:Zinberg, Israel (1975).
346: late 18th century
2099:North African Sephardim
2072:Jewish tribes of Arabia
1414:Women of Reform Judaism
1309:Haifa Women's Coalition
845:Jewish Women's Congress
505:. P. Lang. p. 46.
467:Stiefel, Barry (2015).
3202:Holocaust Encyclopedia
3172:Jewish Virtual Library
1578:Tomb of the Matriarchs
1359:League of Jewish Women
1314:Israel Women's Network
1059:Practices and concepts
871:1909 Shirtwaist Strike
333:. Earlier examples of
301:where she had her own
51:
3149:Encyclopaedia Judaica
2931:Sefer Raziel HaMalakh
2116:Sephardic Bnei Anusim
1866:Udmurt and Tatar Jews
1404:Union of Jewish Women
1329:Women Artists' Circle
882:Women's Torah Project
92:rabbanit ha-darshanit
33:
1728:Second Temple period
1470:Clara de Hirsch Home
888:Women's Siyum HaShas
669:Baumel Joseph, Norma
315:supplicatory prayers
3166:Jewish Encyclopedia
2911:Hekhalot literature
2722:Religious movements
2257:Judeo-Tripolitanian
1532:The American Jewess
790:Early modern period
319:Stunden der Andacht
161:vernacular language
48:Leopold Pilichowski
3307:Judaism portal
3243:Jews and Halloween
3238:Jews and Christmas
2628:Rabbinic authority
2380:Judaeo-Piedmontese
1813:Xueta Christianity
1718:Origins of Judaism
1685:Outline of Judaism
1598:Judaism portal
1463:Historic / defunct
1177:Court of the Women
807:Gender and Judaism
705:Deutsch, Nathaniel
249:Urania bat Abraham
52:
3354:Judaism and women
3316:
3315:
3282:extinct languages
3183:YIVO Encyclopedia
2958:Hebrew literature
2926:Sefer HaEtz Chaim
2766:Reconstructionist
2444:Judaeo-Portuguese
2133:
2132:
2089:Eastern Sephardim
1733:Synagogal Judaism
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1518:Hadassah Magazine
1498:
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1349:Kohenet Institute
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1066:Gender separation
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1005:Marriage contract
939:Life cycle events
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861:1906 Tonsil Riots
226:was established,
89:
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16:(Redirected from
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2422:Judeo-Golpaygani
2023:Palestinian Jews
1998:Alexandrian Jews
1954:Crimean Karaites
1871:Unterlander Jews
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1738:Rabbinic Judaism
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281:The most famous
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2309:Lishanid Noshan
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1224:Toanot Rabniyot
1217:Yoetzet halacha
1190:Religious roles
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95:), alternately
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2113:
2112:
2111:
2101:
2096:
2094:Livornese Jews
2091:
2081:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1941:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1880:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1841:Afrikaner-Jode
1832:
1830:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1762:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1704:
1702:
1696:
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1693:
1692:
1687:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1643:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1620:
1610:
1600:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1549:
1547:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1506:
1504:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1466:
1464:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1449:Women's Spirit
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1394:Philomath Club
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1232:
1227:
1220:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1201:
1193:
1191:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1145:
1138:
1130:
1128:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1108:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
991:
989:
982:
981:
972:
971:
970:
954:
942:
940:
936:
935:
932:
931:
929:
928:
927:
926:
921:
916:
905:
903:
895:
894:
892:
891:
885:
879:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
841:
839:
832:
831:
830:
829:
824:
819:
814:
804:
803:
802:
797:
792:
787:
776:
774:
773:General topics
770:
769:
764:
762:
761:
754:
747:
739:
731:
730:
723:
717:. p. 14.
696:
689:
660:
653:
635:
621:
601:
594:
568:
561:
543:
536:
518:
511:
493:
479:
448:
433:
419:
393:
392:
390:
387:
386:
385:
380:
373:
370:
362:Constantinople
287:Ḥassidic rebbe
278:
275:
186:
183:
144:
141:
123:for a learned
40:Megillat Eicha
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3371:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3329:Women hazzans
3327:
3326:
3324:
3309:
3308:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3274:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3233:Protestantism
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3094:
3091:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3042:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3008:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2921:Sefer HaBahir
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2877:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2848:Sifrei Kodesh
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2837:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2715:
2711:
2705:
2704:Who is a Jew?
2702:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2633:Chosen people
2631:
2629:
2626:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2605:
2599:
2596:
2590:
2589:Scots-Yiddish
2587:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2568:
2564:
2563:
2562:Klezmer-loshn
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2432:Judeo-Shirazi
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2407:Judeo-Persian
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2397:Judeo-Marathi
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2376:
2375:Judeo-Italian
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2230:Judeo-Amazigh
2228:
2226:
2223:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2140:
2136:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2053:Hadhrami Jews
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2018:Mountain Jews
2016:
2014:
2013:Egyptian Jews
2011:
2009:
2008:Bukharan Jews
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1796:Lists of Jews
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1664:
1659:
1657:
1652:
1650:
1645:
1644:
1641:
1629:
1621:
1619:
1611:
1609:
1601:
1599:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1573:Rachel's Tomb
1571:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1374:N'shei Chabad
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1262:Organizations
1260:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1117:
1116:Homosexuality
1114:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1106:Birth control
1104:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1025:Ritual purity
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1015:Head covering
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
992:
990:
986:
980:
978:
973:
969:
966:
965:
964:
963:
959:
955:
953:
952:
948:
944:
943:
941:
937:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
911:
910:
907:
906:
904:
900:
889:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
846:
843:
842:
840:
836:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
809:
808:
805:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
782:
781:
778:
777:
775:
771:
767:
760:
755:
753:
748:
746:
741:
740:
737:
726:
724:0-520-23191-0
720:
716:
712:
711:
706:
700:
697:
692:
690:9780827604414
686:
682:
677:
676:
670:
664:
661:
656:
654:9780814732182
650:
646:
639:
636:
624:
622:9783906769646
618:
614:
613:
605:
602:
597:
595:9780827604414
591:
587:
582:
581:
572:
569:
564:
562:9780881250718
558:
554:
547:
544:
539:
537:9780807036174
533:
529:
522:
519:
514:
512:9780820403281
508:
504:
497:
494:
482:
480:9781848933637
476:
473:. Routledge.
472:
471:
463:
461:
459:
457:
455:
453:
449:
444:
437:
434:
422:
416:
412:
411:
403:
401:
399:
395:
388:
384:
381:
379:
376:
375:
371:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
340:
339:Dubner Maggid
336:
332:
328:
327:Abraham Neuda
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
276:
274:
271:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
237:
225:
222:annex of the
221:
216:
214:
203:
199:
192:
184:
182:
180:
176:
171:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
142:
140:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
117:
112:
111:
106:
105:
100:
99:
93:
87:
81:רבנית הדרשנית
78:
72:
63:
59:
58:
49:
45:
41:
37:
32:
19:
3298:
3291:
3277:
3200:
3193:
3181:
3164:
3147:
2981:perspectives
2815:Samaritanism
2776:Neo-Hasidism
2756:Conservative
2670:Names of God
2579:
2560:
2370:Judaeo-Greek
2365:Judeo-Gascon
2304:Lishán Didán
2299:Lishana Deni
2267:Judeo-Yemeni
2235:Judeo-Arabic
2109:Meshuchrarim
2028:Persian Jews
1961:Kurdish Jews
1939:Kaifeng Jews
1888:Beta Abraham
1851:Galitzianers
1806:Antisemitism
1781:Israeli Jews
1766:Assimilation
1530:
1523:
1516:
1509:
1503:Publications
1399:Pi Alpha Tau
1247:
1246:
1222:
1215:
1196:
1169:
1162:
1149:
1148:Partnership
1140:
1133:
1084:
1077:
1070:
1041:
977:Chag habanot
976:
975:Girls' Day (
961:
957:
950:
946:
878:(1923, 1929)
785:In the Bible
709:
699:
674:
663:
644:
638:
626:. Retrieved
611:
604:
579:
571:
552:
546:
527:
521:
502:
496:
484:. Retrieved
469:
442:
436:
424:. Retrieved
409:
350:Jodensavanne
334:
322:
318:
306:
305:(called the
282:
280:
269:
264:
252:
234:
219:
217:
194:
174:
169:
164:
152:
146:
128:
125:Jewish woman
115:
114:
109:
108:
103:
102:
97:
96:
56:
55:
53:
35:
3223:Catholicism
2805:Hellenistic
2643:Eschatology
2581:Lachoudisch
2506:Lotegorisch
2484:Lachoudisch
2474:Koiné Greek
2387:Judeo-Latin
2324:Palestinian
2218:Palestinian
2067:Mustaʿravim
1993:Afghan Jews
1981:Berber Jews
1905:Bene Israel
1893:Falash Mura
1883:Beta Israel
1801:Persecution
1743:Middle Ages
1628:WikiProject
1142:Tseno Ureno
1000:Matchmaking
962:bat mitzvah
951:Simchat bat
947:Zeved habat
884:(2003–2010)
311:Fanny Neuda
257:yizkor book
231: 1215
149:Middle Ages
133:precentress
98:vorsangerin
38:reads from
3323:Categories
3218:Anabaptism
3160:Jew (word)
3027:Leadership
2840:Literature
2825:Secularism
2771:Humanistic
2638:Conversion
2608:Philosophy
2449:Judeo-Urdu
2213:Babylonian
2058:Saada Jews
2043:Adeni Jews
1836:Ashkenazim
1791:Samaritans
1758:Population
1713:Israelites
1248:Firzogerin
968:For adults
420:0870684655
389:References
335:firzogerin
323:firzogerin
307:Gornshtibl
283:firzogerin
270:Firzogerin
265:firzogerin
253:weibershul
220:Weibershul
202:Geonic era
189:See also:
175:firzogerin
170:firzogerin
165:firzogerin
153:firzogerin
129:weibershul
104:foreleiner
66:פירזאָגערן
57:firzogerin
44:Tisha B'Av
36:firzogerin
3280:indicate
3228:Mormonism
3213:Christian
3093:Symbolism
3081:Synagogue
3061:Mythology
3022:Education
2993:Astronomy
2976:Astrology
2793:relations
2598:Zarphatic
2546:Galitzish
2348:Yeshivish
2225:Catalanic
2188:Samaritan
2163:Ashkenazi
2144:Diasporic
2139:Languages
2084:Sephardim
2079:Romaniote
1966:Krymchaks
1900:Desi Jews
1776:Buddhists
1389:Nivcharot
1279:B'not Esh
1198:Rebbetzin
1111:Sexuality
1099:In Israel
1020:Homemaker
817:Bat-Kohen
800:In Israel
261:Nuremberg
241:Frankfurt
121:synagogue
86:romanized
3293:Category
3263:Hinduism
3253:Buddhism
3155:Genetics
3071:Politics
3044:Marriage
3003:Holidays
2998:Calendar
2879:Rabbinic
2855:/Hebrew
2800:Haymanot
2727:Orthodox
2714:Branches
2687:Kabbalah
2682:Haskalah
2660:Holiness
2536:dialects
2516:Shassagh
2479:Krymchak
2459:Kayliñña
2353:Yinglish
2329:Galilean
2319:Talmudic
2314:Biblical
2289:Betanure
2208:Biblical
2203:Mishnaic
2198:Medieval
2183:Tiberian
2178:Yemenite
2168:Sephardi
2104:Paradesi
2048:Ḥabbanim
2038:Teimanim
2003:Baghdadi
1976:Maghrebi
1944:Karaites
1922:Gruzínim
1910:Kochinim
1828:Diaspora
1786:Karaites
1771:Atheists
1708:Timeline
1608:Category
1299:Hadassah
1269:Aminadav
1240:Timeline
1209:Timeline
1171:Mechitza
1164:Midrasha
1094:Abortion
995:Marriage
988:Marriage
914:Orthodox
902:Feminism
822:Bat Levi
707:(2003).
555:. KTAV.
378:Mechitza
372:See also
366:Salonika
303:shtiebel
299:Volhynia
285:was the
277:Examples
213:responsa
191:Mechitza
50:, 1925).
3278:Italics
3103:Studies
3049:Divorce
3015:Kashrut
3010:Cuisine
2968:Culture
2899:Midrash
2894:Tosefta
2884:Mishnah
2872:Ketuvim
2867:Nevi'im
2830:Schisms
2820:Science
2810:Karaite
2781:Renewal
2742:Litvaks
2737:Hasidic
2692:Sefirot
2677:Halakha
2648:Messiah
2621:Mitzvah
2616:Beliefs
2570:Western
2556:Poylish
2551:Litvish
2541:Eastern
2531:Yiddish
2526:Shuadit
2511:Qwareña
2499:Tetuani
2494:Haketia
2469:Knaanic
2464:Kivruli
2412:Bukhori
2358:Heblish
2294:Hulaulá
2284:Barzani
2240:Yahudic
2173:Mizrahi
2033:Urfalim
1988:Mizrahi
1932:Neofiti
1927:Italkim
1856:Lita'im
1748:Zionism
1700:History
1674:Judaism
1618:Commons
1546:Schools
1454:Vocolot
1379:Na'amat
1364:Maharat
1274:Bat Kol
1037:Divorce
924:Mizrahi
919:Israeli
838:History
628:23 July
486:23 July
426:23 July
383:Tkhines
331:Loštice
236:meḥitsa
198:Karaite
179:tkhines
137:chazzan
116:zugerke
110:zugerin
88::
73:
62:Yiddish
18:Sagerin
3086:Hazzan
3076:Prayer
2953:Siddur
2889:Talmud
2853:Tanakh
2788:Neolog
2761:Reform
2749:Modern
2732:Haredi
2655:Ethics
2521:Shassi
2489:Ladino
2454:Karaim
2437:Juhuri
2279:Targum
2193:Signed
2158:Modern
2153:Hebrew
2121:Xuetes
1917:Dönmeh
1876:Yekkes
1566:Places
1525:Lilith
1369:Ma'yan
1354:Kolech
1304:Hadran
1235:Cantor
1230:Scribe
1150:minyan
1135:Tkhine
1086:Yichud
1079:Negiah
1072:Tzniut
1043:Agunah
890:(2020)
847:(1893)
721:
687:
651:
619:
592:
559:
534:
509:
477:
417:
354:Prague
295:Ludmir
247:) and
185:Origin
77:Hebrew
3258:Islam
3066:Names
3056:Music
3037:Rebbe
3032:Rabbi
2986:Monen
2941:Zohar
2862:Torah
2857:Bible
1971:Lemba
1846:Chuts
1511:Binah
1339:JWCIF
1334:JWCEO
1294:Eshel
113:, or
1672:and
1670:Jews
1434:WLCJ
1429:WIZO
1384:NCJW
1319:JOFA
960:and
719:ISBN
685:ISBN
649:ISBN
630:2016
617:ISBN
590:ISBN
557:ISBN
532:ISBN
507:ISBN
488:2016
475:ISBN
428:2016
415:ISBN
364:and
358:Rome
143:Role
71:lit.
60:, (
2665:God
1439:WLI
1424:W4W
1419:WoW
1344:JWI
1324:JWA
1284:CWJ
958:Bar
681:132
329:in
309:).
259:of
139:.
3325::
949:/
683:.
588:.
586:77
451:^
397:^
368:.
343:c.
341:,
297:,
289:,
228:c.
206:c.
107:,
101:,
83:,
79::
68:,
64::
54:A
34:A
2146:)
2142:(
1662:e
1655:t
1648:v
979:)
758:e
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744:v
727:.
693:.
657:.
632:.
598:.
565:.
540:.
515:.
490:.
430:.
268:(
204:(
20:)
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