612:’s Office defended the constitutionality of the statute in the federal court proceedings. In May 2007, Attorney General Coakley testified before the Legislature in support of the passage of the legislation. The buffer zone law was signed by Governor Deval Patrick and took effect on November 13, 2007. Attorney General Coakley successfully defended the statute before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, which
146:
terminations that are able to be seen or heard by a person accessing a clinic; footpath interference; and intentionally recording a person accessing a clinic without their consent. The laws, in particular, the recent regulations passed by the NSW parliament in June 2018, were opposed by "sidewalk counsellors" who are "known to stand outside clinics with the intention of changing the minds of women entering the clinics".
3245:
620:
fixed buffer zone and six feet floating buffer zone. Enacted on
November 10, 2000, this law was struck down by U.S. district judge Edward Harrington soon afterward because he felt there was an unacceptable discrepancy in the floating buffer zone being applied to anti-abortion protesters but exempted
715:
fixed buffer zone around a clinic, 300 feet (91 m) floating buffer zone around patients, and 300 feet (91 m) buffer zone around the homes of the clinic's employees. The injunction also regulated noise levels outside of the clinic and prevented demonstrators from displaying images which
829:
of New York
University has argued that "much as we do not permit convicted pedophiles to teach kindergarten or convicted hijackers to board airplanes, common sense dictates that individuals who have been imprisoned for plotting violence against abortion clinics should never again be permitted
145:
which enforces 'access zones' of a radius of 150 metres from premises at which abortions are provided. Behaviour prohibited within access zones includes: besetting, harassing, intimidating, interfering with, threatening, hindering, obstructing or impeding a person; protests in relation to
86:
can approach. Protests and other displays are restricted to a certain distance from the building, which varies depending upon the law, or are prohibited altogether. Similar zones have also been created to protect the homes of abortion providers and clinic staff.
822:, the ACLU filed briefs defending the constitutionality of a court order that prohibited defendants from protesting within 15 feet of clinic driveways and entrances in western New York. The Supreme Court upheld the ACLU's position.
590:, the Supreme Court requested that the appeals court of Colorado re-examine their state's law. It was upheld again, and in February 1999, the Supreme Court of Colorado agreed with the holdings of the lower court. In the 2000 case
321:
309:
724:
in 1994. The Court upheld the fixed buffer zone, and the noise regulation around clinics and in residential areas, but rejected the floating buffer zone, residential buffer zone, and prohibition against displaying
372:
90:
Bubble zone laws are divided into "fixed" and "floating" categories. Fixed bubble zone laws apply to the static area around the facility itself, and floating laws to objects in transit, such as people or
216:
of or physical interference with abortion providers or their patients inside of this space. The provisions against protesting and sidewalk counselling were repealed on
January 23, 1996, as violating the
299:
and Scott districts, 30 feet (9.1 m) fixed buffer zone around another clinic, and 10-foot (3.0 m) floating buffer zone around patients and staff. The injunction was granted on August 30, 1994.
1134:
252:
50-metre fixed buffer zone around any clinic, hospital or drugstore that perform abortions. It prohibits interfering with the operations of the abortion provider, sidewalk counselling and intimidation.
336:
prohibits anyone from "preventing the lawful termination of a pregnancy" or "obstructing access to a facility for the termination of a pregnancy", imposing a penalty of up to ten years' imprisonment.
312:
means there a safe access zone with a radius of 100 metres may be created around a general practitioner, obstetrician, or a hospital providing abortion services. The law has not been commenced yet.
402:(FACE), makes it an offense to use intimidation or physical force – such as forming a blockade – in order to prevent a person from entering a facility which provides
1704:
1728:
564:
fixed and eight-feet floating. After being enacted in 1993, the "floating" provision was first challenged in 1995, when three anti-abortion activists suggested that it violated their right to
1811:
230:
50-metre fixed buffer zone around clinics that perform abortions; variable buffer zones of up to 150 metres granted upon application to hospitals, pharmacies and other health facilities. The
198:
fixed buffer zone around a doctor's office, 50 metre fixed buffer zone around a hospital or clinic, and 160-metre fixed buffer zone around an abortion provider or clinic worker's home. The
948:
362:
149:
In
November 2015, Victoria became the second state to pass legislation to limit protests outside abortion clinics and 150 metre buffer zones are now enforced. Prior to this, in 2005, the
1110:
1032:
761:
Donald
Middlebrooks found the law to be an infringement of the right to free speech on April 11, 2006, and ordered that it be enjoined, but upheld the regulation against excessive noise.
1287:
613:
1058:
737:-fixed buffer zone and eight feet floating buffer zone. The statute was approved by the Pittsburgh City Council in December 2005. In 2009, a three judge appeals court panel found in
1257:
1202:
1748:
1309:
1154:
825:
Some pro-choice activists have also argued that anyone convicted of anti-abortion violence should be permanently banned from protesting outside abortion clinics. Professor
532:
510:
1429:
741:
that while either a fixed buffer or a floating buffer alone is constitutional, this combination of buffers is "insufficiently narrowly tailored," and thus unconstitutional.
324:
means a safe access zone may be created around an abortion facility. Within the safe zone, protestors may not obstruct access or make a visual recording of another person.
516:
1859:
1007:
818:
686:
586:
295:
fixed buffer zone around doctors' homes, 25 feet (7.6 m) fixed buffer zone around doctors' offices, 60 feet (18 m) fixed buffer zone around two clinics in the
1584:
1608:
1504:
978:
790:
of a clinic's entrance, to protect the safety of patients and staff, and to ensure that clients do not feel intimidated, distressed, or harassed by the presence of
1224:
805:
when receiving confidential legal medical procedures that is compromised if protesters identify patients for the purpose of publicly shaming or intimidating them.
2894:
1132:
1994:
798:
153:
proposed a law to create buffer zones around clinics in
Victoria. However, these attempts were unsuccessful as buffer zones were not included in Victoria's
1879:
786:
Supporters of such laws claim that these zones are necessary to ensure that women have access to abortion. They argue that a buffer zone helps to prevent
621:
from clinic workers. The law was restored in August 2001 by a federal appeals court. This law was struck down by the U.S. Supreme Court on June 26, 2014.
1694:
1560:
1084:
551:
have passed "buffer zone" legislation, which can create either a "fixed" area around a medical facility or a "floating" area around patients and staff:
1725:
813:
399:
169:
1765:
2278:
1456:
218:
1911:
1102:
1028:
333:
2053:
1279:
1177:
944:
3274:
3042:
2549:
2113:
1054:
501:
1249:
1194:
1745:
3062:
2662:
2188:
2108:
928:
181:
2833:
2602:
2193:
2138:
2048:
1951:
1527:
695:
581:
2873:
1151:
1310:"Loi visant à accroître les pouvoirs de la Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec et modifiant diverses dispositions législatives"
2909:
1832:
1673:
1378:
1357:
493:
pertaining to activity outside of a clinic, and also made it an offense to intentionally release a substance with an unpleasant
2929:
2868:
2198:
1856:
970:
200:
999:
3123:
2792:
1581:
920:
809:
801:
have cautiously sided in favour of narrowly defined "bubble zones" around abortion clinics on the basis that patients have a
1605:
1501:
1473:
1337:
2454:
2043:
3208:
3092:
2919:
2153:
1984:
669:
135:
115:
2722:
2717:
2519:
2514:
2078:
870:
758:
3037:
2617:
2038:
596:, the "floating" provision was again appealed before the federal Supreme Court, where this time it was upheld, 6-3.
410:. The law also creates specific penalties for destroying, or causing damage to, either of these types of building.
3203:
2682:
2017:
890:
577:
375:
establishes safe access zones with a radius of 100 metres, and this legislation was commenced on 7 February 2023.
1875:
1807:
428:
have instituted several different kinds of measures designed to protect clinics, their employees, and patients:
274:. Established in 1991, the injunction also limits the number of anti-abortion demonstrators who carry signs, or
141:
Tasmania was the first state or territory to enforce buffer zones. In 2013, the
Tasmanian Parliament passed the
3230:
2529:
2358:
2353:
2258:
2063:
745:
729:
717:
1557:
1082:
702:, ruled 8-1 to uphold the constitutionality of the fixed buffer zone, but not that of a floating buffer zone.
3113:
2914:
2838:
2808:
2782:
2489:
2484:
2399:
2073:
1974:
896:
664:
fixed and 15 feet (4.6 m) floating around four clinics in two cities. The buffer zone resulted from an
515:
the
Supreme Court of the United States ruled that anti-abortion activists could not be prosecuted under the
421:
279:
83:
816:
in 1994, which guarantees pedestrian access to clinics, but does not restrict related speech activity. In
3118:
2823:
2752:
2712:
2692:
2672:
2479:
2449:
2419:
2409:
2328:
2298:
2273:
2178:
2058:
2022:
1944:
1769:
1433:
865:
834:
833:
Those who oppose the creation of such legislation contend that "bubble zones", by limiting the ability to
677:
580:
would not hear the case, so the petitioners took their case against
Colorado's floating buffer law to the
17:
1453:
3269:
3215:
3198:
3190:
3175:
3133:
3072:
3015:
2960:
2889:
2858:
2843:
2687:
2534:
2173:
2098:
1408:
352:
56:
971:"Anti-abortion activists lose High Court challenge to laws banning protests outside clinics - ABC News"
3225:
3138:
3128:
3005:
2995:
2980:
2904:
2848:
2767:
2762:
2737:
2607:
2504:
2434:
2383:
2363:
2293:
2268:
2253:
2163:
296:
150:
107:
1903:
3087:
3047:
3010:
2985:
2965:
2944:
2787:
2742:
2702:
2657:
2652:
2642:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2612:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2554:
2499:
2414:
2404:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2323:
2318:
2263:
2238:
2183:
2168:
2133:
1979:
880:
842:
655:
403:
382:
271:
246:, physical interference, and recording or photographing patients and employees within buffer zones.
239:
209:
48:
1175:
344:
Legislation regarding safe access zones for abortion clinics varies considerably by jurisdiction.
3220:
3082:
2990:
2970:
2939:
2863:
2853:
2818:
2813:
2777:
2757:
2747:
2732:
2727:
2707:
2677:
2647:
2637:
2569:
2544:
2539:
2469:
2444:
2429:
2424:
2378:
2373:
2333:
2308:
2243:
2230:
2158:
2118:
2103:
706:
127:
3248:
3108:
2975:
2934:
2924:
2772:
2697:
2667:
2559:
2524:
2509:
2474:
2459:
2439:
2313:
2303:
2288:
2248:
2213:
1937:
838:
765:
649:
565:
348:
161:
123:
51:, and other actions, or to protect patients and employees of such facilities from threats and
924:
3143:
3077:
3000:
2899:
2828:
2494:
2464:
2368:
2283:
2148:
1857:
http://bccla.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/2000_Winter_Newsletter_Democratic_Commitment.pdf
1650:
1642:
754:
634:
592:
490:
417:
407:
368:
265:
257:
189:
180:
Several "buffer zone" laws have been enacted within Canada. At least three of the country's
165:
82:". This area is intended to limit how close to these facilities demonstration by those who
63:
1524:
3180:
2208:
2093:
1989:
1863:
1836:
1752:
1732:
1677:
1612:
1588:
1564:
1531:
1508:
1460:
1361:
1341:
1181:
1158:
1138:
1088:
932:
641:
520:
483:
119:
111:
32:
2128:
270:
fixed buffer zone which requires protesters to remain across the street from a clinic in
2203:
1790:
1655:
1630:
826:
802:
609:
461:
184:
have passed laws intended to protect medical facilities that provide induced abortion:
1670:
584:. In February 1997, considering its ruling against a floating buffer zone in the case
3263:
3148:
2123:
2068:
1386:
1354:
791:
774:
770:
750:
734:
712:
661:
617:
605:
600:
561:
292:
471:
Six states prohibit making threats toward a clinic's staff or patients: California,
3158:
3153:
3067:
3052:
3029:
2088:
2001:
860:
691:
638:
548:
536:
243:
213:
138:
has a buffer zone of only 50 m that has to be approved by the ACT health minister.
1646:
433:
1334:
3163:
885:
875:
569:
395:
378:
381:- the Abortion Reform Act 2019 establishes an access zone of 100 metres around
1726:
Major U.S. Supreme Court
Rulings on Reproductive Health and Rights (1965-2006)
681:
680:, by three doctors and four clinics. The law was challenged in the 1997 case
676:
filed against 50 individuals and three anti-abortion organizations, including
665:
425:
413:
131:
52:
616:
on July 8, 2009. The 2007 law changed the 2000 law, which provided for an 18-
629:: 36 feet (11 m) fixed buffer zone and eight feet floating buffer zone.
528:
524:
476:
449:
44:
1695:"Supreme Court Strikes Down Massachusetts Law Curbing Abortion Protesters"
322:
Contraception, Sterilisation, and Abortion (Safe Areas) Amendment Act 2022
134:
are the states and territories in Australia where buffer zones exist. The
3168:
2143:
2083:
1960:
1699:
855:
787:
556:
472:
445:
358:
204:, enacted in 1995, refers to this area as an "access zone". It prohibits
103:
40:
36:
1430:"Contraception, Sterilisation, and Abortion (Safe Areas) Amendment Bill"
531:. The Court reaffirmed this holding on February 28, 2006 in a unanimous
1409:
Health (Termination of Pregnancy Services) (Safe Access Zones) Act 2024
673:
625:
453:
310:
Health (Termination of Pregnancy Services) (Safe Access Zones) Act 2024
286:
235:
225:
205:
168:" after passing the Public Health Amendment (Safe Access Zones) Bill (
62:
Another form such legislation sometimes takes is in the creation of a
1081:
Reproductive Health (Access to Terminations) Act 2013 (Tas) s 9(1) "
573:
479:. Two states, Maine and Washington, also ban harassment by telephone.
465:
457:
437:
275:
614:
affirmed the constitutionality of the Commonwealth's buffer zone law
355:
includes a section that establishes safe access zones of 150 metres.
535:, although only eight Justices participated in the ruling, because
1631:""Buffer zone" law for abortion clinics declared unconstitutional"
608:
fixed buffer zone enacted in 2007. Massachusetts Attorney General
441:
195:
373:
Abortion Services (Safe Access Zones) Act (Northern Ireland) 2023
1280:"New Law Ensuring Safe Access to Abortion Clinics Now in Effect"
494:
1933:
1808:"Abortion clinic 'bubble' law met by protests, Chicago Tribune"
92:
637:
in the United States have, at some time, also passed similar
282:
in 1997, and again in 2000, but a judge upheld it both times.
256:
Access zone legislation has also been passed at the level of
1791:
Judge says West Palm Beach abortion law violates free speech
1335:
Abortion in Canada Today: The Situation Province-by-Province
1929:
1833:"BCCLA Position Paper: On bubble zones: A reconsideration"
486:
to a clinic: California, Oregon, New York, and Washington.
365:
establishes safe access zones with a radius of 200 metres
363:
Abortion Services (Safe Access Zones) (Scotland) Act 2024
716:
could be seen from inside. It was upheld in full by the
1103:"Abortion clinic 'safe access zones' become law in NSW"
1029:"Abortion clinic 'safe access zones' become law in NSW"
527:, a law intended to address economic damages caused by
424:
have each established their own version of FACE. Other
27:
Governments sometimes take measures designed to afford
1898:
1896:
221:, but were both restored in October of the same year.
3189:
3101:
3028:
2953:
2882:
2801:
2568:
2392:
2229:
2222:
2031:
2010:
1967:
797:Some traditional free speech advocates such as the
1744:National Abortion Federation. (January 23, 2006).
517:Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act
164:became the final state or territory to legislate "
1904:"The Case for an Anti-Abortion Violence Registry"
1250:"Abortion safe zones are now official in Ontario"
1000:"Abortion 'safe-access zones' laws passed in NSW"
837:, represent an infringement upon their rights to
819:Schenck v. Pro-Choice Network of Western New York
687:Schenck v. Pro-Choice Network of Western New York
587:Schenck v. Pro-Choice Network of Western New York
278:. It was first challenged by Michael O'Malley of
1502:Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances (FACE) Act
1077:
1075:
143:Reproductive Health (Access to Terminations) Act
1057:. The State of Queensland (Queensland Health).
1355:Alberta judge adds to bubble-zone restrictions
1945:
1766:"Women's Law Project, Buffer Zone Ordinances"
1671:Massachusetts Abortion Buffer Zone Law Upheld
1519:
1517:
720:but came before the federal Supreme Court in
8:
1174:Public Health and Wellbeing Act 2008 (Vic) "
799:British Columbia Civil Liberties Association
777:of clinic entrance enacted in November 2009.
511:Scheidler v. National Organization for Women
475:, New York, North Carolina, Washington, and
1286:. Government of Ontario. February 1, 2018.
504:during a demonstration outside of a clinic.
2226:
1952:
1938:
1930:
1523:Guttmacher Institute. (December 1, 2006).
232:Safe Access to Abortion Services Act, 2017
18:Safe Access to Abortion Services Act, 2017
1876:"ACLU's Role in Stopping Clinic Violence"
1746:Reproductive Choice in the States in 2005
1654:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1411:(Act). Oireachtas. 2024-05-07. 2024-07-25
1333:Childbirth by Choice Trust. (June 2006).
814:Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act
400:Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act
1195:"Safe Access Zones passes WA Parliament"
31:. Such legislation often seeks to guard
1580:Wangsness, Lisa. (November 14, 2007). "
910:
385:and other hospitals in the Isle of Man.
1914:from the original on December 31, 2022
1500:National Abortion Federation. (2006).
1496:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1476:(Act). Tynwald. 2019-01-15. 2024-07-25
1454:Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act
1055:"Termination of pregnancy legislation"
436:the entrance to a clinic: California,
334:Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act
29:legal protection of access to abortion
1724:Planned Parenthood. (March 6, 2006).
1290:from the original on February 1, 2018
1260:from the original on February 2, 2018
1248:Rushowy, Kristin (February 1, 2018).
1205:from the original on February 9, 2022
1150:Heinrichs, Paul. (August 28, 2005). "
916:
914:
500:One state, North Carolina, prohibits
64:perimeter around an abortion facility
7:
2114:Libertarian perspectives on abortion
1629:Gottlieb, Scott (December 2, 2000).
1582:New law expands abortion buffer zone
1558:Abortion protests & buffer zones
1463:(Act No. 92 of 1996), section 10(1).
2189:Societal attitudes towards abortion
2109:Legalized abortion and crime effect
1606:A move to expand buffers at clinics
2139:Misinformation related to abortion
2049:Beginning of pregnancy controversy
1669:Pope, Justin. (August 13, 2001). "
1353:Mastromatteo, Mike. (July 2000). "
951:from the original on 20 April 2021
582:Supreme Court of the United States
25:
2054:Abortion-breast cancer hypothesis
1113:from the original on 20 July 2020
1035:from the original on 20 July 2020
830:anywhere near such facilities.".
698:, where Justices, in considering
519:(RICO), a law drafted to counter
3244:
3243:
1604:Estes, Andrea. (May 17, 2007). "
773:-floating buffer zone within 50
489:One state, Maine, has enacted a
398:level in the United States, the
2199:Termination for medical reasons
1882:from the original on 2013-02-17
1814:from the original on 2012-09-26
1707:from the original on 2020-03-23
1383:Department of Canadian Heritage
1379:"Human Rights Program: Ontario"
1199:Government of Western Australia
1061:from the original on 2018-10-24
1010:from the original on 2022-12-31
981:from the original on 2019-04-13
927:. Retrieved December 14, 2006.
722:Madsen v. Women’s Health Center
700:Madsen v. Women’s Health Center
201:Access to Abortion Services Act
155:Public Health and Wellbeing Act
1755:. Retrieved December 14, 2006.
1735:. Retrieved December 14, 2006.
1511:. Retrieved December 13, 2006.
1368:. Retrieved December 17, 2006.
1344:. Retrieved December 13, 2006.
1101:Visentin, Lisa (8 June 2018).
921:Center for Reproductive Rights
810:American Civil Liberties Union
219:Charter of Rights and Freedoms
1:
2044:Beginning of human personhood
1619:Retrieved September 23, 2009.
1556:Hudson, David L. Jr. (2006).
1152:Democrats push for clinic law
432:11 states make it illegal to
2154:Paternal rights and abortion
1797:Retrieved December 14, 2006.
1684:Retrieved December 14, 2006.
1595:Retrieved November 18, 2007.
1571:Retrieved December 13, 2006.
1538:Retrieved December 15, 2006.
1525:Protecting Access to Clinics
1165:Retrieved December 17, 2006.
757:approved in September 2005.
690:, by anti-abortion activist
547:In the United States, three
539:had not yet been confirmed.
136:Australian Capital Territory
116:Australian Capital Territory
3275:Abortion access legislation
2079:Ethical aspects of abortion
1647:10.1136/bmj.321.7273.1368/e
871:Conscience clause (medical)
694:. The case came before the
508:In the February 2003 case,
3291:
2039:Abortion and mental health
931:November 30, 2006, at the
340:Laws in the United Kingdom
170:Assent date 17 August 2021
3239:
2018:Abortion-rights movements
1107:The Sydney Morning Herald
891:Abortion-rights movements
672:in response to a federal
578:Supreme Court of Colorado
390:Laws in the United States
182:provinces and territories
66:, known variously as a "
2279:Central African Republic
2064:Abortion under communism
1536:State Policies in Brief.
1474:Abortion Reform Act 2019
1229:www.parliament.wa.gov.au
925:Picketing and Harassment
803:medical right to privacy
746:West Palm Beach, Florida
730:Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
718:Supreme Court of Florida
3114:Dilation and evacuation
3063:Conscientious objection
3048:History of abortion law
2074:Crisis pregnancy center
2023:Anti-abortion movements
1569:First Amendment Center.
897:Anti-abortion movements
568:. Although upheld in a
404:reproductive healthcare
280:Campaign Life Coalition
3119:Dilation and curettage
3083:Late-term restrictions
2603:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2179:Sex-selective abortion
2059:Anti-abortion violence
1434:New Zealand Parliament
866:Anti-abortion violence
35:which provide induced
3176:Self-induced abortion
2174:Self-induced abortion
2099:Genetics and abortion
1995:Philosophical aspects
1793:." (April 18, 2006).
839:freedom of expression
353:Public Order Act 2023
332:In South Africa, the
57:sidewalk interference
3139:Menstrual extraction
3088:Parental involvement
2550:United Arab Emirates
2164:Prenatal development
1810:. 18 November 2009.
947:. 22 November 2021.
320:In New Zealand, the
151:Australian Democrats
3149:Abortifacient drugs
2869:Trinidad and Tobago
2184:Sidewalk counseling
2169:Reproductive rights
2134:Minors and abortion
1225:"Progress of Bills"
881:Minors and abortion
843:freedom of assembly
759:U.S. District Judge
739:Brown v. Pittsburgh
670:U.S. district court
656:Rochester, New York
572:and by the state's
328:Law in South Africa
240:sidewalk counseling
210:sidewalk counseling
160:On 12 August 2021,
3043:Constitutional law
2834:Dominican Republic
2159:Post-abortion care
2119:Limit of viability
2104:Late-term abortion
1862:2016-03-03 at the
1751:2007-09-24 at the
1731:2007-08-22 at the
1676:2007-09-07 at the
1611:2012-10-24 at the
1587:2008-09-06 at the
1563:2006-12-08 at the
1530:2007-09-27 at the
1507:2007-09-25 at the
1459:2011-09-29 at the
1360:2006-11-20 at the
1340:2007-08-12 at the
1201:. 12 August 2021.
1180:2014-07-11 at the
1157:2007-09-29 at the
1137:2016-03-05 at the
1087:2015-09-25 at the
835:protest peacefully
707:Melbourne, Florida
543:"Buffer zone" laws
316:Law in New Zealand
128:Northern Territory
3257:
3256:
3109:Vacuum aspiration
3024:
3023:
1910:. July 30, 2009.
1682:Associated Press.
1617:The Boston Globe.
1593:The Boston Globe.
977:. 10 April 2019.
812:helped enact the
766:Chicago, Illinois
635:local governments
566:freedom of speech
502:weapon possession
349:England and Wales
166:safe access zones
162:Western Australia
124:Western Australia
99:Laws in Australia
16:(Redirected from
3282:
3247:
3246:
3144:Medical abortion
3078:Informed consent
3068:Fetal protection
2920:Papua New Guinea
2910:Marshall Islands
2227:
2149:One-child policy
1954:
1947:
1940:
1931:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1900:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1872:
1866:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1835:. Archived from
1829:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1819:
1804:
1798:
1795:ABC Action News.
1787:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1768:. Archived from
1762:
1756:
1742:
1736:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1703:. 26 June 2014.
1691:
1685:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1626:
1620:
1602:
1596:
1578:
1572:
1554:
1539:
1521:
1512:
1498:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1470:
1464:
1451:
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1444:
1442:
1440:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1416:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1385:. Archived from
1375:
1369:
1351:
1345:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1284:Ontario Newsroom
1276:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1191:
1185:
1172:
1166:
1148:
1142:
1129:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1098:
1092:
1079:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1015:
996:
990:
989:
987:
986:
967:
961:
960:
958:
956:
941:
935:
918:
753:buffer zone and
678:Operation Rescue
593:Hill v. Colorado
491:noise regulation
482:Four states ban
408:place of worship
383:Noble's Hospital
369:Northern Ireland
308:In Ireland, the
287:Toronto, Ontario
266:Calgary, Alberta
258:local government
190:British Columbia
68:safe access zone
21:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3235:
3185:
3181:Unsafe abortion
3097:
3093:Spousal consent
3053:Laws by country
3020:
2949:
2930:Solomon Islands
2878:
2797:
2723:North Macedonia
2564:
2515:Northern Cyprus
2388:
2218:
2209:Unsafe abortion
2094:Forced abortion
2027:
2006:
1990:Abortion debate
1963:
1958:
1928:
1927:
1917:
1915:
1902:
1901:
1894:
1885:
1883:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1864:Wayback Machine
1855:
1851:
1842:
1840:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1817:
1815:
1806:
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1788:
1784:
1775:
1773:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1753:Wayback Machine
1743:
1739:
1733:Wayback Machine
1723:
1719:
1710:
1708:
1693:
1692:
1688:
1678:Wayback Machine
1668:
1664:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1613:Wayback Machine
1603:
1599:
1589:Wayback Machine
1579:
1575:
1565:Wayback Machine
1555:
1542:
1532:Wayback Machine
1522:
1515:
1509:Wayback Machine
1499:
1488:
1479:
1477:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1461:Wayback Machine
1452:
1448:
1438:
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1428:
1427:
1423:
1414:
1412:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1392:
1390:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1362:Wayback Machine
1352:
1348:
1342:Wayback Machine
1332:
1328:
1318:
1316:
1308:
1307:
1303:
1293:
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1278:
1277:
1273:
1263:
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1247:
1246:
1242:
1233:
1231:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1208:
1206:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1182:Wayback Machine
1173:
1169:
1159:Wayback Machine
1149:
1145:
1139:Wayback Machine
1130:
1126:
1116:
1114:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1089:Wayback Machine
1080:
1073:
1064:
1062:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1038:
1036:
1031:. 7 June 2018.
1027:
1026:
1022:
1013:
1011:
998:
997:
993:
984:
982:
969:
968:
964:
954:
952:
943:
942:
938:
933:Wayback Machine
919:
912:
907:
902:
851:
784:
755:noise ordinance
545:
521:organized crime
484:property damage
468:and Washington.
392:
342:
330:
318:
306:
178:
120:New South Wales
112:South Australia
101:
84:oppose abortion
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3288:
3286:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3262:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3223:
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3212:
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3195:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3124:Intact D&X
3121:
3116:
3111:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
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3055:
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3034:
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3026:
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2897:
2892:
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2884:
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2879:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2793:United Kingdom
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2618:Czech Republic
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2574:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
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2487:
2482:
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2462:
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2427:
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2412:
2407:
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2396:
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2366:
2361:
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2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2235:
2233:
2224:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2214:Women's rights
2211:
2206:
2204:Toxic abortion
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
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2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1934:
1926:
1925:
1892:
1867:
1849:
1824:
1799:
1782:
1757:
1737:
1717:
1686:
1662:
1641:(7273): 1368.
1621:
1597:
1573:
1540:
1513:
1486:
1465:
1446:
1421:
1400:
1389:on 8 July 2006
1370:
1346:
1326:
1301:
1271:
1240:
1216:
1186:
1167:
1143:
1131:The Guardian "
1124:
1093:
1071:
1046:
1020:
991:
962:
936:
909:
908:
906:
903:
901:
900:
894:
893:("pro-choice")
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
852:
850:
847:
827:Jacob M. Appel
783:
780:
779:
778:
762:
742:
726:
703:
668:issued by the
631:
630:
622:
610:Martha Coakley
597:
544:
541:
506:
505:
498:
487:
480:
469:
462:North Carolina
391:
388:
387:
386:
376:
366:
356:
341:
338:
329:
326:
317:
314:
305:
304:Law in Ireland
302:
301:
300:
283:
254:
253:
247:
222:
177:
176:Laws in Canada
174:
100:
97:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3287:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3250:
3242:
3241:
3238:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3073:Six-week bans
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2954:South America
2952:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2881:
2875:
2874:United States
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2802:North America
2800:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2683:Liechtenstein
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
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2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
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2342:
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2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2228:
2225:
2221:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2124:Malthusianism
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2069:Birth control
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1955:
1950:
1948:
1943:
1941:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1881:
1877:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1861:
1858:
1853:
1850:
1839:on 2011-11-18
1838:
1834:
1828:
1825:
1813:
1809:
1803:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1786:
1783:
1772:on 2011-09-30
1771:
1767:
1761:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1747:
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1738:
1734:
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1727:
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1570:
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1547:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1475:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1450:
1447:
1435:
1431:
1425:
1422:
1410:
1404:
1401:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
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1347:
1343:
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1336:
1330:
1327:
1315:
1311:
1305:
1302:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1275:
1272:
1259:
1255:
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1230:
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1200:
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1187:
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1171:
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1156:
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1144:
1140:
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1128:
1125:
1112:
1108:
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1097:
1094:
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1086:
1083:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1060:
1056:
1050:
1047:
1034:
1030:
1024:
1021:
1009:
1005:
1001:
995:
992:
980:
976:
972:
966:
963:
950:
946:
940:
937:
934:
930:
926:
922:
917:
915:
911:
904:
898:
895:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
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3159:Mifepristone
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3134:Instillation
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2530:Saudi Arabia
2359:South Africa
2354:Sierra Leone
2259:Burkina Faso
2129:Men's rights
2089:Fetal rights
2002:Abortion law
1918:December 31,
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3231:Scientology
3209:Catholicism
3164:Misoprostol
3129:Hysterotomy
2915:New Zealand
2839:El Salvador
2783:Switzerland
2718:Netherlands
2520:Philippines
2490:South Korea
2485:North Korea
2400:Afghanistan
1975:Definitions
1968:Main topics
1366:The Interim
1294:February 2,
1264:February 2,
1209:February 9,
955:31 December
886:Neonaticide
876:Infanticide
794:activists.
570:trial court
379:Isle of Man
297:Cabbagetown
260:in Canada:
80:bubble zone
76:buffer zone
72:access zone
41:obstruction
3264:Categories
2895:Micronesia
2824:Costa Rica
2753:San Marino
2713:Montenegro
2693:Luxembourg
2673:Kazakhstan
2480:Kazakhstan
2450:East Timor
2420:Bangladesh
2410:Azerbaijan
2329:Madagascar
2299:The Gambia
2274:Cape Verde
2223:By country
1886:2014-06-27
1843:2012-02-11
1818:2011-07-22
1776:2011-07-22
1711:2019-10-07
1480:2024-07-25
1415:2024-07-25
1234:2022-02-09
1109:. Sydney.
1065:2018-10-26
1014:2022-12-31
985:2019-06-19
923:. (n.d.).
905:References
788:blockading
682:court case
666:injunction
642:ordinances
422:Washington
414:California
272:Kensington
236:protesting
234:prohibits
206:protesting
132:Queensland
53:harassment
33:facilities
3016:Venezuela
2961:Argentina
2890:Australia
2859:Nicaragua
2844:Guatemala
2688:Lithuania
2535:Singapore
2194:Socialism
2011:Movements
1393:13 August
639:municipal
529:extortion
525:Hobbs Act
523:, or the
477:Wisconsin
450:Minnesota
49:picketing
45:vandalism
3249:Category
3216:Hinduism
3199:Buddhism
3191:Religion
3169:Oxytocin
3038:Case law
3006:Suriname
2996:Paraguay
2981:Colombia
2905:Kiribati
2849:Honduras
2768:Slovenia
2763:Slovakia
2738:Portugal
2608:Bulgaria
2505:Malaysia
2435:Cambodia
2384:Zimbabwe
2364:Tanzania
2294:Eswatini
2269:Cameroon
2254:Botswana
2144:Natalism
2084:Eugenics
1961:Abortion
1912:Archived
1908:HuffPost
1880:Archived
1860:Archived
1812:Archived
1749:Archived
1729:Archived
1705:Archived
1700:NBC News
1674:Archived
1609:Archived
1585:Archived
1561:Archived
1528:Archived
1505:Archived
1457:Archived
1358:Archived
1338:Archived
1288:Archived
1258:Archived
1203:Archived
1178:Archived
1163:The Age.
1155:Archived
1135:Archived
1111:Archived
1085:Archived
1059:Archived
1033:Archived
1008:Archived
1004:SBS News
979:Archived
975:ABC News
949:Archived
929:Archived
856:Abortion
849:See also
633:Several
557:Colorado
533:decision
473:Michigan
446:Maryland
434:obstruct
418:New York
359:Scotland
108:Victoria
104:Tasmania
39:against
37:abortion
3226:Judaism
3102:Methods
3011:Uruguay
2986:Ecuador
2966:Bolivia
2945:Vanuatu
2883:Oceania
2809:Bahamas
2788:Ukraine
2743:Romania
2703:Moldova
2663:Ireland
2658:Iceland
2653:Hungary
2643:Germany
2633:Finland
2628:Estonia
2623:Denmark
2613:Croatia
2598:Belgium
2593:Belarus
2588:Austria
2583:Andorra
2578:Albania
2555:Vietnam
2500:Lebanon
2455:Georgia
2415:Bahrain
2405:Armenia
2349:Senegal
2344:Nigeria
2339:Namibia
2324:Liberia
2319:Lesotho
2264:Burundi
2239:Algeria
1985:Methods
1980:History
1656:1173500
1439:16 June
725:images.
674:lawsuit
650:Buffalo
626:Montana
454:Montana
396:federal
394:At the
250:Quebec:
226:Ontario
2991:Guyana
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2864:Panama
2854:Mexico
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2814:Belize
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2748:Russia
2733:Poland
2728:Norway
2708:Monaco
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2379:Zambia
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2334:Malawi
2309:Guinea
2244:Angola
2231:Africa
2032:Issues
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1314:CANLII
1117:9 June
1039:8 June
782:Debate
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2460:India
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