527:, a parasitic agent that can be passed between avian species, was specifically studied in the saffron toucanet, along with several of its other relatives. It has been reported in many species of wild birds; however, physical symptoms are not prevalent with this disease. Lack of symptoms can therefore make this disease easier to spread to other birds and to humans. In the saffron, it had antibodies made to fight against this disease. There is a lack of study concerning the toucanet in veterinary literature, so there is an interest in further study.
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397:. Due to their nature, they are especially crucial for plants with larger seeds to disperse themselves to further areas. They are one of the few birds that are capable of carrying larger seeds to new locations. One study suggests that there is a strong association between species’ contribution to network modularity and species’ number of interactions. Species with many links tend to establish interactions both within and among environments and to exhibit a greater contribution to nestedness.
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and high sensitivity” to the fragmentation, meaning that since they are native to the land, they are more likely to be affected by the split. It was found that species at the edges of their ranges were sensitive to fragmentation as well. This may be due to fewer nearby populations for species to move
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As of 1995, there is only 6% of the
Atlantic Forest still alive, with at least 214 endemic species and around 46 species under threat of global extinction. It is therefore extremely important to focus a large amount of conservation efforts here. Food is also being negatively impacted thanks to human
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Along with parasitic dangers, the species must endure man made threats. They are a popular choice for the illegal bird trade. They are also in danger from being hunted by humans. Due to deforestation, they are prone to local extinction in smaller forest fragments. Managers are working to reduce the
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group that includes the saffron, was separated from the other
Pteroglossus group around 3 million years ago. The topologies observed in the study showed the saffron toucanet as a member of the Pteroglossus viridis group instead of a sister lineage to all other Pteroglossus. The saffron is separated
355:
This species is dimorphic, meaning that males and females have distinguished looks from each other. The adult male has a golden head and breast, olive mantle (the wings, shoulder feathers and back) and red rump. They have a modestly sized bill, with green, grey blue, and yellowish-grey color all
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Galetti, M., R. Guevara, M. C. Cortes, R. Fadini, S. Von Matter, A. B. Leite, F. Labecca, T. Ribeiro, C. S. Carvalho, R. G. Collevatti, M. M. Pires, P. R. Guimaraes, P. H. Brancalion, M. C. Ribeiro, and P. Jordano. "Functional
Extinction of Birds Drives Rapid Evolutionary Changes in Seed Size."
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Bonaparte, Eugenia Bianca, and
Kristina L. Cockle. "Nest Niche Overlap among the Endangered Vinaceous-breasted Parrot (Amazona Vinacea) and Sympatric Cavity-using Birds, Mammals, and Social Insects in the Subtropical Atlantic Forest, Argentina." The Condor 119.1 (2017): 58-72. Web. 28 Feb.
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nest, removing the nest contents by swallowing them, and flew away. All of this occurred within 30 seconds. It is thought that their smaller bodies helped them be able to perch on the nest, enter and exit quickly. Another study saw one unsuccessfully attempt to attack the nest of a
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Cockle, Kristina L., Alejandro
Bodrati, Martjan Lammertink, Eugenia Bianca Bonaparte, Carlos Ferreyra, and Facundo G. Di Sallo. "Predators of Bird Nests in the Atlantic Forest of Argentina and Paraguay." The Wilson Journal of Ornithology 128.1 (2016): 120-31. BioOne. Web. 15 Mar.
715:
Jesus, Shayana De, Adriano Cesar
Buzzato, Alexandre Bianco, Evair Legal, Fábio Gaio Chimentao, Marcio Coutinho Pelissari, and Tiago João Cadorin. "Recent Records of Endangered Birds in the State of Sao Paulo, Southeastern Brazil." Check List 10.1 (2014): 230-36. Web. 26 Mar.
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was found in one of the saffrons tested. Otherwise, there were no infections of enteroparasites found in the species. It is important to note that birds that are in captivity are more likely to contract a disease than wild birds, so they should be tested regularly.
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Anjos, Luiz Dos, Robert D. Holt, and Scott
Robinson. "Position in the Distributional Range and Sensitivity to Forest Fragmentation in Birds: A Case History from the Atlantic Forest, Brazil." Bird Conservation International 20.04 (2009): 392-99. Web. 26 Mar.
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Raso, Tânia De
Freitas, Vivian Lindmayer Ferreira, Rodrigo Hidalgo Friciello Teixeira, and Aramis Augusto Pinto. "Survey on Chlamydophila Psittaci in Captive Ramphastids in São Paulo State, Brazil." Ciência Rural 42.7 (2012): 1249-252. Web. 28 Feb.
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is raising awareness for the conservation of
Paraguay forest. Other conservation initiatives like the Private Nature Reserves are growing more popular but are still in need of publicity and financial support. Although they focus mainly on parrots, the
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Pereira, Sergio L., and Anita
Wajntal. "The Historical Biogeography of Pteroglossus Aracaris (Aves, Piciformes, Ramphastidae) Based on Bayesian Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA Sequences." Genetics and Molecular Biology 31.4 (2008): 964-73. Web. 26 Mar.
807:
Chagas, C. R. Fernandes, I. H. Lima Gonzalez, P. A. Borges Salgado, C. R. Grosse Rossi Ontivero, and P. Locosque Ramos. "Occurrence of Endoparasites in Ramphastidae (Aves: Piciformes) in Sao Paulo Zoo." Helminthologia54.1 (2017): 81-86. Web. 28 Feb.
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Vidal, Mariana M., Erica Hasui, Marco A. Pizo, Jorge Y. Tamashiro, Wesley R. Silva, and Paulo R. Guimarães. "Frugivores at Higher Risk of Extinction Are the Key Elements of a Mutualistic Network." Ecology 95.12 (2014): 3440-447. Web. 28 Feb.
820:
Lowen, James C., Rob P. Clay, Thomas M. Brooks, Estela Z. Esquivel, Lucia Bartrina, Roger Barnes, Stuart H. M. Butchart, and Nubia I. Etcheverry. "Bird Conservation in the Paraguayan Atlantic Forest." Cotinga 4(1995): 58-64. Web. 26 Mar.
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On average, species that contribute more to network organization, like the saffron, are at a higher risk of extinction. Without a connection between certain species of plant, there may be ecological and evolutionary consequences such as
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along it. Adult females are similar to the male but have more olive and less gold coloration; they also have a shorter bill. A young toucanet is mostly olive and grey colored, with brown eyes and a blotchy bill.
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meters. Due to their small size, they do not need large cavities for their nests and they do not need to compete with other species for suitable spots. They prefer making their nests in living trees such as the
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intervention. The saffron, along with other species of bird, eats the palmito fruit as a part of its diet. Recently, the palmito industry has boomed, which could impact the dietary habits of the toucanet.
373:. It is thought that this species is part of an ancient stock that became isolated in the current Atlantic Forest from marine transgression and were not able to adapt and invade the Brazilian savanna.
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The diet of the saffron mainly consists of fruit, like figs and palm fruits. They have also been noted to eat young birds. In one study, a saffron toucanet was observed entering a
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The saffron toucanet has been observed making nests beginning in October. The highest numbers of active nests were recorded in November. Their nests had a cavity depth of
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It depends on forested habitats to survive. One study investigated whether species endemic to the Atlantic forest and with small geographic ranges were more vulnerable to
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Vitali, Liana, and Lucie Muir. "Saffron Toucanet Photos and Facts." ARKive. Environment Agency - Abu Dhabi, n.d. Web. 28 Feb. 2017.
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is educating the public about the importance of conservation in Paraguay and other similarly affected areas.
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with a total length of 35–40 cm (14–16 in). As suggested by its
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The saffron is found in the Atlantic Forest. The viridis group, a
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267:. The saffron toucanet was originally described in the genus
634:"Collection ornithologique musée George-Sand de La Châtre"
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Science 340.6136 (2013): 1086-090. Web. 28 Feb. 2017.
506:. It occurs in several protected areas, such as the
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612:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22682044A92929297.en
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658:"South American Classification Committee"
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1557:Near threatened biota of South America
273:and has also been placed in the genus
1537:IUCN Red List near threatened species
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1567:Taxa named by Louis Pierre Vieillot
598:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
560:Neotropical Ornithological Congress
876:Toucans, toucanets, and aracaris (
662:Merge Baillonius into Pteroglossus
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530:In São Paulo Zoo Foundation, the
514:; both in south-eastern Brazil.
380:. This species was found to be “
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638:Cahiers Naturalistes de l'Indre
587:BirdLife International (2016).
336:It is a relatively long-tailed
841:Photos of the Saffron Toucanet
265:Louis Antoine François Baillon
1:
1133:Grey-breasted mountain toucan
1547:Birds of the Atlantic Forest
1148:Black-billed mountain toucan
1138:Plate-billed mountain toucan
421:cm, an entrance diameter of
393:The saffron is a large-gape
835:BirdLife Species Factsheet.
546:with their large reserves.
429:cm, and a cavity height of
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440:Garapa (Apuleia leiocarpa)
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70:Scientific classification
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1096:Golden-collared toucanet
957:Chestnut-tipped toucanet
605:: e.T22682044A92929297.
484:White-spotted Woodpecker
360:Distribution and habitat
309:Alternate names include
259:Taxonomy and systematics
1562:Birds described in 1819
1552:Near threatened animals
1079:(dichromatic toucanets)
1019:Brown-mandibled aracari
967:Crimson-rumped toucanet
947:Black-throated toucanet
942:White-throated toucanet
1205:Yellow-throated toucan
1180:Citron-throated toucan
1143:Hooded mountain toucan
1049:Pale-mandibled aracari
1029:Chestnut-eared aracari
992:(aracaris or araçaris)
972:Yellow-browed toucanet
952:Groove-billed toucanet
937:Blue-throated toucanet
524:Chlamydophila psittaci
508:Itatiaia National Park
504:BirdLife International
1514:Pteroglossus-bailloni
1496:Paleobiology Database
1296:pteroglossus-bailloni
1269:Pteroglossus bailloni
1239:Pteroglossus bailloni
1200:White-throated toucan
1175:Channel-billed toucan
1101:Tawny-tufted toucanet
1086:Yellow-eared toucanet
1044:Stripe-billed aracari
591:Pteroglossus bailloni
512:Intervales State Park
444:Aspidosperma australe
240:Pteroglossus bailloni
179:Pteroglossus bailloni
1111:Spot-billed toucanet
1059:Curl-crested aracari
1054:Fiery-billed aracari
1024:Black-necked aracari
1014:Ivory-billed aracari
977:Blue-banded toucanet
544:loss of biodiversity
494:It is threatened by
389:Behavior and ecology
378:forest fragmentation
1283:Baillonius_bailloni
1170:Red-breasted toucan
1034:Many-banded aracari
352:is pale yellowish.
224:Ramphastos Bailloni
219:Baillonius bailloni
40:Conservation status
1190:Keel-billed toucan
1126:(mountain toucans)
1009:Red-necked aracari
565:World Parrot Trust
479:red-rumped cacique
450:(DBH) was between
243:) is a species of
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1483:Open Tree of Life
1231:Taxon identifiers
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927:Wagler's toucanet
920:(green toucanets)
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214:Andigena bailloni
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24:Saffron toucanet
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1039:Collared aracari
1004:Lettered aracari
932:Emerald toucanet
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1216:List of toucans
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170:Binomial name
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1542:Pteroglossus
1238:
1185:Choco toucan
1157:
1120:
1073:
1063:
988:Pteroglossus
986:
914:
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883:Ramphastidae
881:
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670:. Retrieved
666:the original
661:
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641:. Retrieved
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616:. Retrieved
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550:Conservation
540:
535:microfilarie
532:hemoparasite
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496:habitat loss
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415:20.0 –
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296:Pteroglossus
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148:Pteroglossus
147:
137:Ramphastidae
18:
1457:Neotropical
1405:iNaturalist
1263:Wikispecies
1195:Toco toucan
839:Mangoverde
618:12 November
433: 24.0
431:7.0 –
423:4.3 –
417: 68.0
342:common name
332:Description
1531:Categories
1509:Xeno-canto
1159:Ramphastos
1075:Selenidera
672:2007-09-07
643:2007-08-12
571:References
558:The Fifth
454: 132
452:44 –
425: 7.4
287:Baillonius
270:Ramphastos
127:Piciformes
395:frugivore
281:monotypic
155:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
1436:22682044
1384:45512559
1322:22682044
1317:BirdLife
1254:Q1086474
1248:Wikidata
1122:Andigena
442:and the
409:Breeding
276:Andigena
205:Synonyms
187:Vieillot
133:Family:
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
1462:saftou2
1397:5789361
1371:saftou2
1345:saftou2
1304:Avibase
904:Species
518:Threats
382:endemic
321:araçari
189:, 1819)
143:Genus:
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
1501:400024
1488:130076
1449:381874
1423:554296
1335:718153
1291:ARKive
878:family
490:Status
469:days.
467:
456:
446:. The
435:
427:
419:
346:ocular
338:toucan
291:et al.
1475:70861
1410:73304
1366:eBird
1358:7WP8Q
1342:BOW:
894:Genus
821:2017.
808:2017.
798:2017.
785:2017.
772:2017.
759:2017.
729:2017.
716:2017.
689:2017.
463:preen
371:biome
304:et al
284:genus
1444:NCBI
1431:IUCN
1418:ITIS
1392:GBIF
1330:BOLD
620:2021
603:2016
510:and
350:iris
324:and
245:bird
233:The
117:Aves
1379:EoL
1353:CoL
1278:ADW
607:doi
502:by
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