1095:
1066:
therefore they are analysed as sequences of the H and L level tones. There is a process of High
Doubling which spreads any H tone to the following tone bearing unit, and a process of Final Lowering which deletes any utterance-final High tone. Both can be seen in effect in the following example (Low tone is unmarked):
1065:
Koti, like most Bantu languages, is a register tone language with two tones: High and Low. Tone is not lexically distinctive for verbs, but it is very important in verbal inflection and in some other parts of grammar. Contour tones (falling and rising tones) do occur, but only on long vowels,
383:, just like other coastal Muslim communities that were part of the Indian Ocean trading network. Most Koti have at least some knowledge of Makhuwa or one of its neighbouring dialects; this extensive bilinguality has had considerable influence on the Koti language in recent years.
1036:
in
Schadeberg (1999), and is found in related Makhuwa languages as well. If two aspirated consonants are brought together in one stem, the first such consonant loses its aspiration. The effect is particularly clear in reduplicated words:
376:). On the mainland, there are about five other Koti villages, all in the vicinity of Angoche. The main economic activity of men in the villages is fishing; the catch is sold on the markets of Angoche. People keep chickens and some goats.
523:
Vowel length is contrastive in Koti, except in word-final position. Long vowels are best treated as two tone-bearing units. Several vowel coalescence processes do take place, within words as well as across morpheme boundaries:
1049:'to wipe'. Another incompatibility concerns dental and retroflex consonants, which never occur together within a stem, and usually assimilate when brought together. Consider the class 1 demonstrative for example:
1129:
system, in which every noun belongs to a nominal class which class markers throughout the sentence are in agreement with. Classes pair up in 'genders' for the derivation of plurals. Verbal words consist of a
1588:
1155:
S&M, p. 7 cite Newitt 1995 as saying that these traders, probably from Kilwa, established
Angoche; however, they do not exclude the possibility of a much earlier Swahili settlement in Angoche.
555:
Voiced stops are rather infrequent overall, and they tend to occur after a homorganic, tone-bearing nasal. Additionally, voiced stops often vary with their voiceless unaspirated counterparts.
1581:
1319:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
1574:
372:
About nine Koti villages are found in the coastal areas of Koti island; these are usually accessed by boat. Much of the coastline is covered by mangrove woods (
1187:
transcriptions are provided where the symbols differ from their IPA value. Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents the voiced consonant.
2477:
1602:
237:
1312:
1078:, High doubling is canceled because Final Lowering applies, so the last syllable has a Low tone. In the second example, the first H tone in
957:
444:. Furthermore, a distributional analysis shows that /o/ tends to occur mainly after another /o/, and only rarely after the other vowels.
938:
1082:
has spread to the next syllable (High
Doubling) and Final Lowering again causes the last syllable of the utterance to be Low in tone.
532:'these green leaves' (the apostrophe shows the location of coalescence). In case of word-final 'i' it is sometimes accompanied with
2534:
1305:
1246:
843:
1184:
817:
253:
492:
424:
in verbal bases which causes /u/ in verbal extensions to be rendered as after another /o/; thus, the separative extensions
887:
118:
2358:
869:
834:
337:
Coast, who in the fifteenth century settled at
Angoche. Arends et al. suggest it might turn out to be a Makhua–Swahili
329:, today the lingua franca of much of East Africa's coast. This Swahili influence is usually attributed to traders from
2434:
1388:
855:
666:
499:
471:
947:
650:
513:
123:
112:
2370:
2364:
2322:
1566:
878:
676:
2529:
1555:
1023:
are only phonemically contrastive in certain contexts; in some other contexts, they can be derived from vowels.
715:
657:
478:
263:
1649:
1373:
1328:
824:
699:
683:
1625:
725:
401:
397:
321:
In terms of genetic classification, Koti is generally considered to belong to the
Makhuwa group (P.30 in
2468:
1918:
1342:
912:
706:
615:
606:
735:
624:
533:
2352:
1806:
1800:
1690:
1268:
1001:
793:
783:
773:
751:
578:
2245:
1655:
573:
379:
In
Makhuwa, the dominant regional language of much of northern Mozambique, the Koti are called
369:. In the centuries that followed, it flourished as a part of the Indian Ocean trading network.
2480:
is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them.
1912:
1438:
593:
583:
143:
128:
353:
refers primarily to the island. An older form is ; this form with the class 2 nominal prefix
2193:
2041:
2005:
1964:
1900:
1882:
1865:
1859:
1853:
1812:
1748:
1684:
1637:
1534:
1529:
1483:
1458:
1433:
1423:
1418:
1378:
1032:
761:
568:
563:
366:
326:
315:
75:
2399:
2393:
2346:
2239:
2233:
2227:
2175:
2169:
2112:
2100:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2035:
2029:
2023:
1976:
1970:
1958:
1924:
1824:
1818:
1736:
1598:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1463:
1453:
1413:
1183:
Adapted from S&M, 10. Symbols are given according to the orthography used in S&M;
902:
600:
588:
325:
classification). A large portion of its vocabulary however derives from a past variety of
322:
299:
133:
104:
2461:
2440:
2428:
2405:
2340:
2334:
2316:
2304:
2287:
2281:
2275:
2269:
2263:
2257:
2251:
2210:
2181:
2163:
2157:
2106:
2017:
2011:
1988:
1894:
1888:
1847:
1742:
1719:
1713:
1707:
1667:
1661:
1643:
1631:
1539:
1488:
1478:
1468:
1448:
1428:
1408:
1403:
1393:
1368:
1363:
1358:
486:
338:
330:
138:
1094:
1030:
Words in Koti show incompatibility of aspirated consonants; this phenomenon is dubbed
227:
221:
2523:
2411:
2387:
2310:
2129:
1772:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1508:
1473:
1383:
421:
2328:
2187:
1982:
1841:
1513:
1443:
85:
1148:
Mucanheia 1997 as cited in
Schadeberg & Mucanheia (henceforth S&M) 2000:4.
928:
465:
453:
365:. Angoche was probably established in the fifteenth century by dissidents from
17:
1229:
1224:
1215:
1210:
1126:
507:
458:
303:
64:
31:
806:
214:
188:
1292:
1297:
204:
195:
334:
294:
271:
259:
1275:, ed. by J.-M. Hombert and L.M. Hyman. Stanford: CSLI, pp. 379–394.
1952:
639:
311:
267:
1273:
Bantu historical linguistics: Theoretical and empirical perspectives
314:, the capital of the district with the same name in the province of
361:. The much older local African name of Angoche, still in use, is
306:
by about 100,000 people. Koti is spoken in the area surrounding
2485:
Narrow Bantu languages by
Guthrie classification zone templates
1570:
1301:
1278:
Schadeberg, Thilo C. & Mucanheia, Francisco Ussene (2000)
1089:
420:
do not occur word-initially. There is a restricted form of
1057:
under influence of the dentral-retroflex incompatibility.
270:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
984:'second prayer in the morning', which is a variation of
1134:
to which various morphemes and clitics can be affixed.
1106:
552:
The table below shows the consonant inventory of Koti.
2420:
2379:
2296:
2219:
2202:
2149:
2142:
2121:
2092:
1997:
1944:
1937:
1874:
1833:
1792:
1785:
1728:
1699:
1676:
1617:
1610:
1548:
1522:
1351:
1335:
234:
212:
186:
181:
169:
101:
91:
81:
70:
60:
53:
39:
1280:Ekoti: The Maka or Swahili language of Angoche
357:for 'people' gave rise to the Portuguese name
1582:
1313:
8:
2509:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S)
2504:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)
2499:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)
2494:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D)
2489:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B)
30:For the secret language of South Asia, see
2146:
1941:
1789:
1614:
1589:
1575:
1567:
1320:
1306:
1298:
286:
45:
36:
1011:
1009:
557:
447:
1203:
969:
264:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
1271:(1999) 'Katupha's Law in Makhuwa', in
1000:occurs only in some recent loans from
396:Koti has five vowels. The open vowels
293:
1257:Arends, Muysken, & Smith (1995),
168:
7:
1259:Pidgins and Creoles: An Introduction
1045:'pepper' (cf. Swahili 'piripiri');
27:Bantu language spoken in Mozambique
2467:Languages between parentheses are
25:
956:
946:
937:
911:
886:
877:
868:
854:
842:
833:
823:
816:
792:
782:
772:
760:
750:
734:
724:
714:
705:
698:
682:
675:
665:
656:
649:
623:
614:
605:
512:
498:
491:
477:
470:
1093:
1247:New Updated Guthrie List Online
2471:of the language on their left.
1:
310:and is the major language of
2551:
1293:Alphabet and pronunciation
29:
2453:
1125:Koti has a typical Bantu
927:
901:
805:
638:
599:
560:
511:
250:
175:Nathembo (Sakati/Sangaji)
74:Koti Island and Angoche,
44:
1556:Mozambican Sign Language
1245:Jouni Filip Maho, 2009.
345:Geography and demography
2535:Languages of Mozambique
1329:Languages of Mozambique
1235:(subscription required)
1221:(subscription required)
1074:'the biggest boat'. In
980:in S&M's corpus is
287:
46:
2478:Guthrie classification
1603:Guthrie classification
1282:. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe.
252:This article contains
404:are normally written
208: – Nathembo
1352:Indigenous languages
1269:Schadeberg, Thilo C.
976:The only example of
333:or elsewhere on the
1691:Mwera of Mbamba Bay
1523:Immigrant languages
778:⟨tth⟩
302:language spoken in
97:100,000 (2006)
2323:(Northern) Ndebele
1105:. You can help by
998:⟨zh⟩
978:⟨dh⟩
892:⟨zh⟩
829:⟨dh⟩
798:⟨kh⟩
788:⟨ch⟩
766:⟨th⟩
756:⟨ph⟩
720:⟨dd⟩
671:⟨tt⟩
629:⟨ny⟩
530:mathápá mawíx'áapa
526:mathápá mawíxí apa
412:. The high vowels
2517:
2516:
2462:extinct languages
2449:
2448:
2138:
2137:
2107:North-West Herero
1933:
1932:
1781:
1780:
1564:
1563:
1336:Official language
1233:(18th ed., 2015)
1219:(18th ed., 2015)
1162:See note 2 above.
1123:
1122:
1021:⟨y⟩
1017:⟨w⟩
966:
965:
952:⟨y⟩
848:⟨x⟩
730:⟨j⟩
520:
519:
278:
277:
260:rendering support
256:phonetic symbols.
16:(Redirected from
2542:
2371:Sumayela Ndebele
2147:
2084:Kolonkadhi-Eunda
1942:
1790:
1615:
1601:(Zones N–S) (by
1591:
1584:
1577:
1568:
1322:
1315:
1308:
1299:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1222:
1208:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1161:
1154:
1147:
1118:
1115:
1097:
1090:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1004:
999:
995:
989:
979:
974:
960:
953:
950:
941:
915:
893:
890:
881:
872:
865:
858:
849:
846:
837:
830:
827:
820:
813:
799:
796:
789:
786:
779:
776:
767:
764:
757:
754:
747:
738:
731:
728:
721:
718:
709:
702:
695:
686:
679:
672:
669:
660:
653:
646:
630:
627:
618:
609:
558:
516:
502:
495:
481:
474:
448:
440:after the vowel
403:
399:
297:
295:[ekot̪i]
290:
246:
240:
230:
224:
207:
201:Individual code:
199:– inclusive code
198:
191:
107:
76:Nampula Province
49:
37:
21:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2530:Makua languages
2520:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2445:
2416:
2375:
2292:
2215:
2198:
2134:
2117:
2113:Botswana Herero
2088:
1993:
1929:
1919:Lomwe of Malawi
1870:
1829:
1777:
1724:
1695:
1672:
1668:Ngoni of Malawi
1606:
1599:Bantu languages
1595:
1565:
1560:
1544:
1518:
1347:
1331:
1326:
1289:
1265:
1264:
1256:
1252:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1223:
1220:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1194:
1179:
1172:
1165:
1158:
1151:
1144:
1140:
1119:
1113:
1110:
1103:needs expansion
1088:
1063:
1028:
1027:
1020:
1016:
1015:The two glides
1014:
1007:
997:
996:
992:
977:
975:
971:
951:
891:
863:
847:
828:
811:
797:
787:
777:
765:
755:
745:
729:
719:
693:
670:
644:
628:
550:
534:glide formation
521:
394:
389:
349:The place name
347:
258:Without proper
244:
241:
236:
226:
225:
220:
203:
202:
200:
194:
187:
165:
108:
105:Language family
103:
94:
93:Native speakers
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Sakati language
15:
12:
11:
5:
2548:
2546:
2538:
2537:
2532:
2522:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2473:
2472:
2465:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2437:
2431:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2408:
2402:
2396:
2390:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2373:
2367:
2361:
2355:
2349:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2319:
2313:
2307:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2284:
2278:
2272:
2266:
2260:
2254:
2248:
2242:
2236:
2230:
2223:
2221:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2213:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2190:
2184:
2178:
2172:
2166:
2160:
2153:
2151:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2014:
2008:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1948:
1946:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1921:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1885:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1862:
1856:
1850:
1844:
1837:
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1831:
1830:
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1751:
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1703:
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1607:
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1552:
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1549:Sign languages
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1353:
1349:
1348:
1346:
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1339:
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1324:
1317:
1310:
1302:
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1295:
1288:
1287:External links
1285:
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1193:
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1177:
1170:
1169:S&M, 17-8.
1163:
1156:
1149:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1121:
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1100:
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518:
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462:
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456:
451:
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393:
390:
388:
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346:
343:
339:mixed language
276:
275:
262:, you may see
248:
247:
242:
235:
232:
231:
218:
210:
209:
192:
184:
183:
182:Language codes
179:
178:
177:
176:
171:
167:
166:
164:
163:
162:
161:
160:
159:
158:
157:
156:
155:
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153:
152:
151:
139:Southern Bantu
119:Atlantic–Congo
111:
109:
102:
99:
98:
95:
92:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
72:
68:
67:
62:
61:Native to
58:
57:
55:
51:
50:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2459:
2456:
2455:
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2430:
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2423:
2419:
2413:
2409:
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2397:
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2384:
2382:
2378:
2372:
2368:
2366:
2365:South Ndebele
2362:
2360:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2342:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2318:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2289:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2277:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2229:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2195:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2145:
2141:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2114:
2110:
2108:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2007:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1926:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1896:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1867:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1843:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1826:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1774:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1721:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1692:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1669:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1639:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1600:
1592:
1587:
1585:
1580:
1578:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1521:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1323:
1318:
1316:
1311:
1309:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1242:
1239:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1204:
1197:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1128:
1117:
1108:
1104:
1101:This section
1099:
1096:
1092:
1091:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1072:kaláwá khuúlu
1069:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1035:
1034:
1033:Katupha's Law
1012:
1010:
1006:
1003:
994:
991:
987:
983:
973:
970:
962:
959:
955:
949:
945:
943:
940:
936:
934:
932:
930:
926:
923:
921:
919:
917:
914:
910:
908:
906:
904:
900:
897:
895:
889:
885:
883:
880:
876:
874:
871:
867:
862:
861:
857:
853:
851:
845:
841:
839:
836:
832:
826:
822:
819:
815:
810:
808:
804:
801:
795:
791:
785:
781:
775:
771:
769:
763:
759:
753:
749:
744:
743:
740:
737:
733:
727:
723:
717:
713:
711:
708:
704:
701:
697:
692:
691:
688:
685:
681:
678:
674:
668:
664:
662:
659:
655:
652:
648:
643:
641:
637:
634:
632:
626:
622:
620:
617:
613:
611:
608:
604:
602:
598:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
547:
545:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
515:
509:
506:
505:
501:
497:
494:
490:
488:
485:
484:
480:
476:
473:
469:
467:
464:
463:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
449:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
422:vowel harmony
419:
415:
411:
407:
391:
386:
384:
382:
377:
375:
370:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
344:
342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
296:
291:
289:
283:
282:Koti language
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
255:
249:
243:
239:
233:
229:
223:
219:
217:
216:
211:
206:
197:
193:
190:
185:
180:
174:
173:
172:
150:
147:
146:
145:
142:
141:
140:
137:
136:
135:
132:
131:
130:
127:
126:
125:
122:
121:
120:
117:
116:
114:
110:
106:
100:
96:
90:
87:
84:
80:
77:
73:
69:
66:
63:
59:
56:
54:Pronunciation
52:
48:
43:
38:
33:
19:
2457:
1906:
1398:
1279:
1272:
1258:
1253:
1241:
1228:
1214:
1206:
1180:
1176:S&M, 19.
1173:
1166:
1159:
1152:
1145:
1131:
1124:
1111:
1107:adding to it
1102:
1086:Morphosyntax
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1031:
1029:
993:
985:
981:
972:
554:
551:
541:
537:
529:
525:
522:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
417:
413:
409:
405:
395:
380:
378:
373:
371:
362:
358:
354:
350:
348:
320:
307:
292:(pronounced
285:
281:
279:
251:
245:P.311, P.312
238:Guthrie code
213:
148:
1773:Sena-Malawi
1051:o-tthu-o-tu
1041:'eyelash';
929:Approximant
308:Koti Island
266:instead of
124:Benue–Congo
113:Niger–Congo
2524:Categories
2353:Nhlangwini
2329:Old Mfengu
2270:Phalaborwa
2066:Dombondola
1801:Ndengereko
1343:Portuguese
1230:Ethnologue
1216:Ethnologue
1198:References
1192:References
1127:noun class
1002:Portuguese
548:Consonants
544:'my bed'.
542:olíly'aáka
432:appear as
363:Parápaátho
304:Mozambique
65:Mozambique
32:Koti Farsi
2469:varieties
2460:indicate
2246:Khalaxadi
2078:Kwaluudhi
2054:Ndongwena
2024:Ngandyera
1656:Ndendeule
1114:June 2008
1047:okukuttha
1043:piriphiri
1039:kopikophi
812:voiceless
807:Fricative
746:aspirated
645:voiceless
579:Retroflex
538:olíli áka
387:Phonology
323:Guthrie's
215:Glottolog
189:ISO 639-3
82:Ethnicity
2158:Korekore
2048:Mbalanhu
2006:Kwanyama
1720:Manganja
1439:Nathembo
1374:Chitonga
1369:Chichopi
1225:Nathembo
1070:'boat',
1053:becomes
982:adhuhuri
574:Alveolar
487:Open-mid
335:Zanzibar
298:), is a
272:Help:IPA
228:nath1238
222:koti1238
170:Dialects
2458:Italics
2412:Hlengwe
2194:Kalanga
2182:Karanga
2170:Manyika
2060:Kwankwa
2042:Mbandja
1965:Nyaneka
1953:Umbundu
1854:Makonde
1813:Matumbi
1749:Nyungwe
1685:Tumbuka
1638:Matengo
1597:Narrow
1535:Punjabi
1530:English
1484:Swahili
1459:Nyungwe
1434:Manyika
1424:Makonde
1419:Makhuwa
1394:Kimwani
1389:Gitonga
1379:Chuwabu
1055:othuutu
986:aduhuri
640:Plosive
594:Glottal
584:Palatal
359:Angoche
327:Swahili
316:Nampula
312:Angoche
268:Unicode
129:Bantoid
2439:[S611
2410:[S511
2400:Tsonga
2394:Gwamba
2347:Phuthi
2327:[S401
2288:Pulana
2276:Kutswe
2268:[S301
2258:Lobedu
2240:Ngwatu
2234:Kgatla
2228:Tswana
2164:Zezuru
2143:Zone S
2105:[R311
2101:Herero
2072:Esinga
2030:Kafima
2028:[R211
2018:Kwambi
2012:Ndonga
1977:Kuvale
1975:[R101
1971:Khumbi
1959:Ndombe
1938:Zone R
1925:Moniga
1913:Sakati
1905:[P311
1866:Mabiha
1860:Ndonde
1825:Mbunga
1819:Ngindo
1786:Zone P
1771:[N441
1737:Nsenga
1708:Nyanja
1689:[N201
1654:[N101
1611:Zone N
1504:Tsonga
1494:Tawara
1464:Phimbi
1454:Nsenga
1414:Maindo
1080:kaláwá
1076:kaláwa
1068:kaláwa
864:voiced
694:voiced
569:Dental
564:Labial
392:Vowels
71:Region
2441:Lenge
2435:Tonga
2406:Ronga
2369:S408
2363:S407
2357:S406
2351:S405
2345:S404
2341:Hlubi
2339:S403
2335:Bhaca
2333:S402
2317:Swati
2305:Xhosa
2286:S304
2280:S303
2274:S302
2264:Sotho
2256:S32b
2250:S32a
2244:S31d
2238:S31c
2232:S31b
2226:S31a
2211:Venda
2174:S13b
2168:S13a
2111:R312
2082:R242
2076:R241
2070:R218
2064:R217
2058:R216
2052:R215
2046:R214
2040:R213
2036:Evale
2034:R212
1989:Mbali
1987:R103
1983:Kwisi
1981:R102
1923:P341
1917:P331
1911:P312
1901:Cuabo
1895:Ngulu
1889:Lomwe
1883:Makua
1848:Mwera
1807:Ruihi
1767:Podzo
1743:Kunda
1718:N31c
1712:N31b
1706:N31a
1666:N121
1662:Nindi
1660:N102
1650:Tonga
1644:Mpoto
1632:Ngoni
1626:Manda
1540:Hindi
1489:Swati
1479:Shona
1469:Ronga
1449:Ngoni
1429:Makwe
1409:Lomwe
1404:Kunda
1364:Chewa
1359:Barwe
1138:Notes
903:Trill
601:Nasal
589:Velar
466:Close
454:Front
374:khava
367:Kilwa
331:Kilwa
300:Bantu
288:Ekoti
284:, or
144:Makua
134:Bantu
86:Makua
47:Ekoti
2476:The
2433:S62
2429:Copi
2427:S61
2404:S54
2398:S53
2392:S52
2388:Tswa
2386:S51
2359:Lala
2321:S44
2315:S43
2311:Zulu
2309:S42
2303:S41
2262:S33
2252:Pedi
2209:S21
2192:S16
2188:Ndau
2186:S15
2180:S14
2176:Tebe
2162:S12
2156:S11
2128:R41
2099:R31
2022:R24
2016:R23
2010:R22
2004:R21
1969:R14
1963:R13
1957:R12
1951:R11
1907:Koti
1899:P34
1893:P33
1887:P32
1881:P31
1864:P25
1858:P24
1852:P23
1846:P22
1840:P21
1823:P15
1817:P14
1811:P13
1805:P12
1799:P11
1765:N46
1759:N45
1755:Sena
1753:N44
1747:N43
1741:N42
1735:N41
1714:Cewa
1683:N21
1648:N15
1642:N14
1636:N13
1630:N12
1624:N11
1509:Tswa
1499:Tewe
1474:Sena
1444:Ndau
1399:Koti
1384:Dema
1211:Koti
1132:stem
1061:Tone
1019:and
508:Open
459:Back
438:-ow-
436:and
434:-ol-
430:-uw-
428:and
426:-ul-
416:and
408:and
400:and
381:Maka
351:Koti
280:The
149:Koti
40:Koti
2421:S60
2380:S50
2297:S40
2282:Pai
2220:S30
2203:S20
2150:S10
2130:Yei
2122:R40
2093:R30
1998:R20
1945:R10
1875:P30
1842:Yao
1834:P20
1793:P10
1761:Rue
1729:N40
1700:N30
1677:N20
1618:N10
1514:Yao
1227:at
1213:at
1185:IPA
1109:.
762:t̪ʰ
254:IPA
205:nte
196:eko
2526::
1008:^
794:kʰ
784:cʰ
774:ʈʰ
752:pʰ
707:d̪
658:t̪
540:→
536::
528:→
341:.
318:.
115:?
2464:.
1605:)
1590:e
1583:t
1576:v
1321:e
1314:t
1307:v
1116:)
1112:(
988:.
958:w
948:j
939:l
913:r
888:ʒ
879:z
870:v
856:h
844:ʃ
835:s
825:ð
818:f
736:g
726:ɟ
716:ɖ
700:b
684:k
677:c
667:ʈ
651:p
625:ɲ
616:n
607:m
514:a
500:ɔ
493:ɛ
479:u
472:i
442:o
418:u
414:i
410:o
406:e
402:ɔ
398:ɛ
355:a
274:.
34:.
20:)
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