361:
56:
483:, and after a heavy battle outside the city, Aparviz and his men surrendered. When Aparviz went to Rabi to discuss about the conditions of a treaty, he saw that he was using the bodies of two dead soldiers as a chair. This horrified Aparviz, who in order to spare the inhabitants of Sakastan from the Arabs, made peace with the Arabs in return for heavy tribute, which included a tribute of 1,000 slave boys bearing 1,000 golden vessels. Sakastan was thus under the control of the Rashidun Caliphate.
411:
1318:
506:
known as the
Drangians. From the 2nd century BC to the 1st century, Sakastan saw a huge influx of Saka tribesmen and also some Parthians, which, in the words of Brunner, "reshaped the region's older population pattern".
1348:
1353:
360:
55:
387:(r. 274–293). During the revolt, the people of Sakastan was one of his supporters. Nevertheless, Bahram II managed to suppress the revolt in 283, and appointed his son
407:
as its governor. The reason behind the appointment was to avoid further family conflict in the province, and in order to gain more direct control of the province.
999:
243:
887:
1092:
430:(who was more or less independent), helped him. However, Yazdegerd III quickly lost this support when he demanded tax money that Aparviz had failed to pay.
1358:
892:
1123:
901:
863:
842:
1061:
1032:
1011:
972:
922:
821:
1085:
327:
1317:
177:
152:
1363:
541:
of the
Sasanian Empire—each family owned land in different parts of the empire, the Surens owning land in parts of Sakastan.
1201:
376:
was the first to be appointed as the governor of the province, which he would govern until 271, when the
Sasanian prince
1078:
342:(r. 240–270), as part of his intention to centralise his empire - before that, the province was under the rule of the
1206:
1165:
1053:
443:
251:
1302:
1242:
503:
419:
319:
103:
549:
Under Shapur II, a
Sasanian mint was established in Sakastan (mint-mark: SKSTN, S, SK). From the first reign of
1272:
1185:
914:
The
Decline of Iranshahr: Irrigation and Environments in the History of the Middle East, 500 B.C. to A.D. 1500
1159:
611:
447:
834:
Decline and Fall of the
Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran
621:
553:(r. 488–496) onwards, this mint was located at the provincial capital Zrang (mint-mark: ZR, ZRN, ZRNG).
410:
1042:
Brunner, Christopher (1983). "Geographical and
Administrative divisions: Settlements and Economy". In
538:
952:
627:
574:
427:
377:
439:
170:
107:
964:
1292:
1216:
1057:
1028:
1007:
968:
918:
897:
859:
838:
817:
403:(r. 459–484), during his early reign, put an end to dynastic rule in province by appointing a
349:, whose ruler Ardashir Sakanshah became a Sasanian vassal during the reign of Shapur's father
291:
1022:
912:
463:
1180:
1133:
586:
396:
255:
17:
451:
1190:
1102:
1043:
534:
472:
295:
235:
42:
933:
1024:
The
Sistani Cycle of Epics and Iran's National History: On the Margins of Historiography
1307:
1267:
1247:
1153:
1049:
The
Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 3(2): The Seleucid, Parthian and Sasanian Periods
957:
599:
530:
500:
404:
346:
315:
303:
239:
157:
1342:
423:
1070:
816:. New York, New York and London, United Kingdom: Routledge (Taylor & Francis).
518:
515:
986:
1047:
853:
832:
811:
1211:
1118:
874:
852:
Zarrinkub, Abd al-Husain (1975). "The Arab conquest of Iran and its aftermath".
592:
511:
467:
311:
259:
195:
1227:
1195:
1128:
855:
The
Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs
615:
580:
492:
388:
350:
307:
479:
He then continued to seize more land in the province. He thereafter besieged
1143:
1138:
1113:
568:
496:
392:
384:
271:
263:
1297:
1257:
1237:
1175:
1170:
459:
339:
1277:
1262:
550:
400:
343:
294:
group which from the 2nd century BC to the 1st century migrated to the
267:
1287:
1252:
1232:
1221:
813:
The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars (Part II, 363–630 AD)
605:
562:
480:
455:
373:
365:
354:
323:
247:
68:
1148:
409:
359:
299:
266:
in the south east. The governor of the province held the title of
454:, a border town between Kirman and Sakastan, where he forced the
287:
275:
199:
1074:
659:
657:
655:
686:
684:
713:
711:
414:
Silver coin of Yazdegerd III, struck in Sakastan, dated 651
391:
as the governor of the province. During the early reign of
1004:
The Encyclopedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume IX: San–Sze
450:
to an expedition in Sakastan. After some time, he reached
730:
728:
726:
60:
Map of the southeastern provinces of the Sasanian Empire.
1349:
States and territories disestablished in the 7th century
858:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–57.
338:
The province was formed in ca. 240, during the reign of
322:, the province became known as "Sijistan" and later as "
326:", which still remains a province to this day in Iran (
383:
Later in ca. 281, Hormizd revolted against his cousin
426:
fled to Sakastan in the mid-640s, where its governor
462:
authority. He then did the same at the fortress of
357:rebuilt, which became the capital of the province.
318:, the province is written as "Seyansih". After the
191:
100:
90:
78:
64:
32:
956:
1006:. Leiden, and New York: BRILL. pp. 681–685.
810:Greatrex, Geoffrey; Lieu, Samuel N. C. (2002).
537:and later the Sasanian Empire, was part of the
278:) until the title was abolished in ca. 459/60.
1354:States and territories established in the 240s
1086:
8:
702:
353:(r. 224–242), who also had the ancient city
917:. Museum Tusculanum Press. pp. 1–351.
690:
302:, where they carved a kingdom known as the
286:The word "Sakastan" means "the land of the
1093:
1079:
1071:
533:, a Parthian noble family that served the
54:
29:
734:
663:
510:The inhabitants of Sakastan were mainly
991:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 5
893:The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity
879:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. II, Fasc. 2
782:
770:
758:
746:
675:
639:
395:(r. 309-379), he appointed his brother
270:. The governor also held the title of "
63:
717:
938:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition
794:
124:
120:
99:
89:
85:
73:
7:
837:. London and New York: I.B. Tauris.
646:
896:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
380:was appointed as the new governor.
368:(Narsē). AD 293-303. Sakastan mint.
1328:* indicates short living provinces
998:Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (1997).
25:
875:"ʿARAB ii. Arab conquest of Iran"
1359:Provinces of the Sasanian Empire
1316:
514:, while a minority of them were
495:period, Sakastan (then known as
175:
150:
831:Pourshariati, Parvaneh (2008).
328:Sistan and Baluchestan Province
27:Province of the Sasanian Empire
890:. In Nicholson, Oliver (ed.).
1:
442:, who had recently conquered
399:as the governor of Sakastan.
979:The history of ancient iran.
932:Shapur Shahbazi, A. (2005).
761:, pp. 326–336, 337–344.
470:, which is mentioned in the
18:Sakastan (Sasanian Province)
959:The History of Ancient Iran
911:Christensen, Peter (1993).
458:of the town to acknowledge
1380:
1166:Garamig ud Nodardashiragan
1054:Cambridge University Press
1325:
1314:
1109:
1027:. BRILL. pp. 1–250.
422:, the last Sasanian king
420:Muslim conquest of Persia
129:
125:
121:
117:
86:
74:
53:
48:
40:
1021:Gazerani, Saghi (2015).
250:. The province bordered
1160:Eran-Khwarrah-Yazdegerd
602:aristocrat (459/60-???)
557:List of known governors
487:Population and religion
262:in the north east, and
886:Potts, Daniel (2018).
499:), was populated by a
448:Rabi ibn Ziyad Harithi
415:
369:
242:, that lay within the
1364:651 disestablishments
963:. C.H.Beck. pp.
612:Bakhtiyar of Sakastan
466:, which had a famous
413:
363:
320:Arab conquest of Iran
314:scripture written in
304:Indo-Scythian Kingdom
1056:. pp. 747–778.
985:Schmitt, R. (1995).
953:Frye, Richard Nelson
539:seven Parthian clans
993:. pp. 534–537.
881:. pp. 203–210.
873:Morony, M. (1986).
749:, pp. 534–537.
720:, pp. 203–210.
666:, pp. 681–685.
628:Aparviz of Sakastan
624:(early 7th-century)
589:(early 4th-century)
575:Hormizd of Sakastan
258:in the north west,
92:• Established
934:"SASANIAN DYNASTY"
622:Rostam of Sakastan
504:east Iranian group
440:Abd-Allah ibn Amir
416:
370:
171:Rashidun Caliphate
108:Rashidun Caliphate
1334:
1333:
1101:Provinces of the
903:978-0-19-866277-8
865:978-0-521-20093-6
844:978-1-84511-645-3
703:Pourshariati 2008
205:
204:
187:
186:
183:
182:
163:
162:
16:(Redirected from
1371:
1329:
1320:
1095:
1088:
1081:
1072:
1067:
1044:Yarshater, Ehsan
1038:
1017:
994:
981:
962:
948:
946:
944:
928:
907:
882:
869:
848:
827:
798:
792:
786:
780:
774:
768:
762:
756:
750:
744:
738:
732:
721:
715:
706:
700:
694:
691:Christensen 1993
688:
679:
673:
667:
661:
650:
644:
587:Shapur Sakanshah
397:Shapur Sakanshah
179:
178:
167:
166:
154:
153:
147:
146:
131:
130:
58:
41:Province of the
30:
21:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1330:
1327:
1321:
1312:
1258:Nodardashiragan
1105:
1103:Sasanian Empire
1099:
1064:
1041:
1035:
1020:
1014:
997:
984:
975:
951:
942:
940:
931:
925:
910:
904:
885:
872:
866:
851:
845:
830:
824:
809:
806:
801:
797:, p. 1319.
793:
789:
781:
777:
769:
765:
757:
753:
745:
741:
733:
724:
716:
709:
701:
697:
689:
682:
674:
670:
662:
653:
645:
641:
637:
559:
547:
527:
489:
473:Tarikh-i Sistan
436:
336:
296:Iranian Plateau
284:
274:" (king of the
210:(also known as
198:
176:
151:
110:
93:
59:
43:Sasanian Empire
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1377:
1375:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1341:
1340:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1268:Padishkhwargar
1265:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1157:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1090:
1083:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1062:
1039:
1033:
1018:
1012:
995:
982:
973:
949:
929:
923:
908:
902:
883:
870:
864:
849:
843:
828:
822:
805:
802:
800:
799:
787:
785:, p. 705.
775:
773:, p. 773.
763:
751:
739:
735:Zarrinkub 1975
722:
707:
705:, p. 222.
695:
693:, p. 229.
680:
678:, p. 750.
668:
651:
649:, p. 193.
638:
636:
633:
632:
631:
625:
619:
609:
603:
596:
590:
584:
578:
572:
566:
558:
555:
546:
543:
531:House of Suren
526:
525:House of Suren
523:
488:
485:
435:
432:
335:
332:
283:
280:
240:Late Antiquity
203:
202:
193:
189:
188:
185:
184:
181:
180:
173:
164:
161:
160:
158:Indo-Parthians
155:
143:
142:
137:
127:
126:
123:
122:
119:
118:
115:
114:
111:
101:
98:
97:
94:
91:
88:
87:
84:
83:
82:Late Antiquity
80:
79:Historical era
76:
75:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
51:
50:
46:
45:
38:
37:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1376:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1344:
1337:
1324:
1319:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
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1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1104:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1065:
1063:0-521-24693-8
1059:
1055:
1052:. Cambridge:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1034:9789004282964
1030:
1026:
1025:
1019:
1015:
1013:9789004082656
1009:
1005:
1001:
996:
992:
988:
983:
980:
976:
974:9783406093975
970:
966:
961:
960:
954:
950:
939:
935:
930:
926:
924:9788772892597
920:
916:
915:
909:
905:
899:
895:
894:
889:
884:
880:
876:
871:
867:
861:
857:
856:
850:
846:
840:
836:
835:
829:
825:
823:0-415-14687-9
819:
815:
814:
808:
807:
803:
796:
791:
788:
784:
779:
776:
772:
767:
764:
760:
755:
752:
748:
743:
740:
737:, p. 24.
736:
731:
729:
727:
723:
719:
714:
712:
708:
704:
699:
696:
692:
687:
685:
681:
677:
672:
669:
665:
664:Bosworth 1997
660:
658:
656:
652:
648:
643:
640:
634:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
613:
610:
607:
604:
601:
597:
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
560:
556:
554:
552:
544:
542:
540:
536:
532:
524:
522:
520:
517:
513:
508:
505:
502:
498:
494:
486:
484:
482:
477:
475:
474:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
434:Arab conquest
433:
431:
429:
425:
424:Yazdegerd III
421:
412:
408:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
381:
379:
375:
372:Shapur's son
367:
362:
358:
356:
352:
348:
347:Suren Kingdom
345:
341:
333:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
281:
279:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
254:in the west,
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
201:
197:
194:
192:Today part of
190:
174:
172:
169:
168:
165:
159:
156:
149:
148:
145:
144:
141:
138:
136:
133:
132:
128:
116:
112:
109:
105:
95:
81:
77:
70:
67:
57:
52:
47:
44:
39:
31:
19:
1336:
1282:
1048:
1023:
1003:
990:
978:
958:
941:. Retrieved
937:
913:
891:
878:
854:
833:
812:
790:
783:Brunner 1983
778:
771:Brunner 1983
766:
759:Brunner 1983
754:
747:Schmitt 1995
742:
698:
676:Brunner 1983
671:
642:
548:
528:
509:
490:
478:
471:
437:
417:
382:
371:
337:
285:
238:province in
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
206:
140:Succeeded by
139:
134:
49:c. 240–650/1
1212:Kushanshahr
1119:Adurbadagan
987:"DRANGIANA"
718:Morony 1986
630:(???–650/1)
593:Hormizd III
512:Zoroastrian
501:Persianized
491:During the
468:fire temple
418:During the
364:Coinage of
312:Zoroastrian
260:Kushanshahr
196:Afghanistan
135:Preceded by
1343:Categories
1228:Machelonia
1196:Kadagistan
1129:Arbayistan
888:"Sagastan"
795:Potts 2018
635:References
616:Khosrau II
581:Bahram III
519:Christians
493:Achaemenid
438:In 650/1,
389:Bahram III
351:Ardashir I
308:Bundahishn
1202:Khuzistan
1144:Balasagan
1139:Asoristan
1114:Abarshahr
647:Frye 1984
608:(???-484)
595:(???–457)
583:(283–293)
577:(274–283)
571:(271-274)
569:Bahram II
565:(240–271)
516:Nestorian
497:Drangiana
393:Shapur II
385:Bahram II
306:. In the
282:Etymology
272:Sakanshah
1298:Suristan
1283:Sakastan
1217:Khwarazm
1171:Garmekan
1149:Dihistan
1000:"Sīstān"
955:(1984).
598:Unnamed
535:Parthian
460:Rashidun
344:Parthian
340:Shapur I
292:Scythian
236:Sasanian
234:) was a
232:Sijistan
224:Segistan
220:Seyanish
216:Sagistan
212:Sagestān
208:Sakastan
35:Sagistān
33:Sakastan
1278:Parthia
1263:Paradan
1233:Makuran
1134:Armenia
1124:Albania
1046:(ed.).
943:3 April
804:Sources
614:(under
551:Kavad I
464:Karkuya
446:, sent
428:Aparviz
405:Karenid
401:Peroz I
378:Hormizd
334:History
316:Pahlavi
268:marzban
106:by the
104:Annexed
102:•
65:Capital
1293:Spahan
1288:Sogdia
1253:Meshan
1222:Lazica
1207:Kirman
1191:Iberia
1176:Gurgan
1060:
1031:
1010:
971:
967:–411.
921:
900:
862:
841:
820:
606:Sukhra
563:Narseh
456:dehqan
444:Kirman
374:Narseh
366:Narseh
324:Sistan
256:Spahan
252:Kirman
248:Nemroz
230:, and
228:Sistan
96:c. 240
1308:Yemen
1303:Turan
1248:Media
1243:Mazun
1181:Harev
1154:Egypt
600:Karen
481:Zrang
452:Zaliq
355:Zrang
300:India
290:", a
264:Turan
113:650/1
69:Zrang
1273:Pars
1238:Marw
1186:Hind
1058:ISBN
1029:ISBN
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