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regulations were initiated. In the result, The
Russian government ordered to terminate the project in September 2006. Under legal and political pressure, the consortium was forced to sell a majority stake to Gazprom. On 21 December, Gazprom took control over a 50%-plus-one-share stake in the project by signing an agreement with Royal Dutch Shell. Russian President Vladimir Putin attended the signing ceremony in Moscow and indicated that environmental issues had been resolved.
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River, watercourses and reservoirs in its basin. The family of salmonids was represented by the largest number of species: all four species of the
Pacific salmon (genus Oncorhynchus) reproducing in the rivers of Sakhalin, three species of the Arctic salmon of the genus Salvelinus, and the Sakhalin taimen. The family of cyprinids was represented by four species; the remaining families were represented by one species each.
818:
arm. The upper deck is designed for a road bed and electric cables. The lower deck is used for the LNG pipeline, communication lines and a footpath. LNG is pumped from the storage tanks into the parallel loading lines which are brought to the LNG jetty. At the jetty head, the pipelines are connected with the jetty's four loading arms. The water depth at the tail of the jetty is 14 metres (46 ft).
925:. However, on 11 January 2007 EBRD withdrew its consideration of financing for Sakhalin-2, claiming that Gazprom's acquisition of the controlling stake of Sakhalin-2 resulted in a to the project making it is unfeasible for the EBRD to pursue the current project. Meanwhile, environmental organizations contend that Sakhalin II had "chronically and substantially violated EBRD's environmental policy".
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38:
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956:, Robert Napier, said that it would have a "negative impact on Sakhalin's people and environment". The WWF asserted that Sakhalin-2 threatens marine life as well as potentially damaging the local communities in the region. Sakhalin Energy responded to the WWF's assertion by saying that the project meets lenders' policies and that environmental and social issues have been met.
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and the panel called for a "...moratorium on all industrial activities, both maritime and terrestrial, that have the potential to disturb gray whales in summer and autumn on and near their main feeding areas." In a meeting in April 2009, the WGWAP reiterated its urgent plea for a moratorium. Sakhalin Energy then agreed to suspend its planned summer 2009
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the Mereya River and the
Goluboy Brook. In the course of work under the special programme, at the request of oversight bodies, a study was conducted of the Nabil River (with a nameless tributary) and the Nayba River, whose under-river crossings were performed using the horizontal directional drilling (HDD) method.
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642:. It had been mothballed in 1990, and was installed in the Astokh area of the Piltun-Astokhskoye field, 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) offshore, in September 1998. The Molikpaq has production capacity of 90,000 barrels per day (14,000 m/d) of oil and 1.7 million cubic meters of associated gas.
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The LNG plant has two LNG double-walled, storage tanks with a capacity of 100,000 cubic metres (3,500,000 cu ft) each. LNG is exported via an 805 metres (2,641 ft) jetty in Aniva Bay. The jetty is fitted with four arms – two loading arms, one dual purpose arm and one vapour return
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Monitoring was performed during three hydrological seasons: spring floods, summer low water and autumn high water. Sampling was carried out at two cross sections — the upstream baseline (with no impact from the company's infrastructure assets) and downstream monitoring sections. On most investigated
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The company exercises industrial environmental control in the following areas: – air emissions; – water use and discharge; – waste management. The company has developed and implements the Air
Emissions and Energy Management Standard, Water Use Standard and Waste Management Standard. For more details
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For more than 20 years of operation
Sakhalin Energy exercises industrial environmental control of its assets to ensure the compliance with legislation on environmental protection, to observe established environmental regulations, and to provide the rational use of natural resources and fulfilment of
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In
October 2009 Sakhalin Energy secured an additional $ 1.4 billion in project financing, bringing the total Phase 2 project financing up to $ 6.7 billion. The additional debt was provided by a consortium of international commercial banks and insured by Nippon Export and Investment Insurance (NEXI),
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In 2017, the monitoring of hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics and condition of bottom sediments was implemented at 24 water bodies crossed by the pipelines, as well as in the area of potential impact from OPF at the Vatung River, and in the area of the
Prigorodnoye production complex at
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has identified an increasing population of western gray whales in the Sea of
Okhotsk during a photo identification research programme. However, in February 2009 the WGWAP issued an urgent warning that the number of western gray whales observed in the primary (near shore) feeding area had decreased
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In
December 2008, Sakhalin Energy won the Environmental Project of the Year award. The company's protection of the western gray whale population was recognised in the Environmental Efficiency of Economics category. The award was presented by Yuri Trutnev, the Russian Federation's Natural Resources
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In 2017, ichthyological studies were carried out in the Val River basin. In the course of the work, 29 stations were completed in the main channel, eight — in the tributaries of the river, and two — in the adjoining lakes. In total, 19 species of fish from nine families were identified in the Val
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The
Lunskoye field platform was installed in June 2006 at the Lunskoye gas field 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) offshore. It has production capacity over 50 million cubic meters of natural gas, around 50,000 barrels per day (7,900 m/d) of peak liquids (associated water and condensate), and
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Nevertheless, these concerns were doubted. While preparing for work execution and during the construction, Sakhalin Energy conducted baseline studies and operational monitoring of all crossing areas of water bodies. For the operations phase, a comprehensive observation programme was developed to
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signed a decree ordering the transfer of the Sakhalin-2 project to a new domestic operator. Foreign investors will be required to apply to retain their existing shares in the new Russian company within a month. The Russian government will then decide whether to allow foreign shareholders to keep
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Sakhalin Energy, led by Marathon, negotiated the first PSA directly with representatives of the Russian government. The Russian Party maintained project planning and budget approval. The initial investment decision was to proceed with the oil field development led by Marathon. McDermott sold its
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operator implementsthe integrated monitoring programme near the north-eastern coast of Sakhalin Island. It shows that the distribution of whales in feeding areas did not vary significantly during the whole period of the study; the number of individuals in the aggregation is increasing, and its
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The LNG plant production capacity is 9.6 million tons of LNG per year. The consortium is examining the possibility of adding another train. A special gas liquefaction process was developed by Shell for use in cold climates such as Sakhalin, based on the use of a double mixed refrigerant.
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Sakhalin Energy paid compensation of $ 110,000 to the Russian Federation to cover potential fish impacts from the Sakhalin-2 project. This compensation was paid regardless of whether any impact was recorded on the fishing industry or not. Part of these funds was used to set up thriving salmon
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Multiple seismic surveys were conducted near Sakhalin in 2010, carried out separately by Rosneft, Sakhalin Energy and Gazprom. The surveys conducted by Sakhalin Energy and Rosneft apparently had corresponding monitoring and mitigation plans. The monitoring data, including acoustic and visual
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The consortium applied for nearly a billion dollars in financing from the public export credit agencies of the United States and the United Kingdom, but in early March 2008 these applications were withdrawn due to the drawn-out and uncertain decision-making process] by these banks. However,
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The decision to proceed with the gas project investment was made in 2003. The expected budget increased dramatically by 2005–2006. The pipeline portion of the gas project was heavily criticized due to environmental issues. Legal proceeding on perceived violation of the Russian environmental
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The PA-B platform was installed in July 2007 in the Piltun area of the Piltun-Astokhskoye oil field, 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) offshore. The PA-B has production capacity of 70,000 barrels per day (11,000 m/d) of oil and 2.8 million cubic meters of associated gas.
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At the first stage, the distribution and the number of young taimen in several rivers were studied. In 2011, a new phase was launched under the programme, based on the basin-oriented approach to the study of ichthyofauna, including the Sakhalin taimen.
963:, the deputy chief of the Russian Federal Service for Natural Resources, had announced in early August 2006 that, according to his data, Sakhalin Energy failed to take all actions required to eliminate the danger of the mud flow. This was supported by
1132:
river-crossing sites (from the upstream to the downstream cross sections) no significant horizontal or vertical deformations of river beds were found. The crossings are in satisfactory condition, and no damage to utility lines was found.
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In 2007, the company started a programme to identify the taimen (a rare protected species of salmon) habitats in the river systems along the pipeline to ensure that production activity will not put the existence of this species at risk.
524:
their stake. If they are rejected, the government will sell the foreign shareholder’s stake and keep the proceeds in the shareholder’s special account. In April 2023, the Russian government approved the sale of Shell's 27.5% stake to
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The population assessment in 2008 resulted in an estimate of 130 individuals in the western population. No new reproductive females were recorded in 2010, resulting in a minimum of 26 reproductive females being observed since 1995.
739:. The plant has been designed to prevent major loss of containment in the event of an earthquake and to ensure the structural integrity of critical elements such as emergency shut down valves and the control room of the plant.
1068:. Dredging of Aniva Bay was completed in 2005. In 2005 the salmon harvest was recorded as an all-time high of more than 134,000 tonnes. In 2007 this record was overturned with a salmon catch of 144,181 tonnes.
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monitor the most environmentally significant and hydrographically complex water bodies, which allows the company to monitor any changes, to identify critical areas, to develop and take timely corrective measures.
690:. It is designed to process natural gas, condensate, and oil from the Lunskoye and the Piltun-Astokhskoye fields prior to pipeline transportation to the oil export terminal and the liquefied natural gas plant in
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information on whale distribution and behavior, is yet to be analyzed. Two of those seismic surveys occurred later in the year when more gray whales were present and temporally overlapped. Critically endangered
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in Russia. The development is situated in areas previously little touched by human activity, causing various groups to criticize the development activities and the impact they have on the local environment.
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952:, was inadequate. Sakhalin Energy denied the claims and stated them as vague and inaccurate. The environmental and social concerns came to a head at the end of November 2005 when the chief executive of
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from the Piltun-Astokhskoye and Lunskoye fields in the North of Sakhalin Island to the onshore processing facility in the Nogliki district and to the LNG plant and the oil export terminal in Aniva Bay.
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The Far Eastern Regional Hydrometeorological Research Institute is involved in regular monitoring of the western gray whales near the oil and gas developments on the Sakhalin Shelf.
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The oil export terminal is located in Aniva Bay to the east of the LNG plant. It includes the export pipeline and the tanker loading unit, where oil-loading to tankers is performed.
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to be between US$ 9 and $ 11 billion. However, the costs turned out to be substantially underestimated and in July 2005 Shell revised the estimate upwards to $ 20 billion.
2058:
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set up the Western Gray Whale Advisory Panel (WGWAP). Its members are marine scientists who give independent advice to Sakhalin Energy about managing any potential risks to the
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In 2017 the River Ecosystems Monitoring did not reveal surface water contamination with oil products. All measurement values were insignificant and in line with MAC standards.
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environmental groups contend that the drawn-out process was due to the fact that the company failed to demonstrate compliance with these public banks' environmental policies.
1320:
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Yuka Obayashi, Shri Navaratnam, and Muralikumar Anantharaman. (27 December 2022). "Japan asks its insurers to retain marine war cover for LNG shippers in Russian waters".
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Golubichnaya River: Normally this river would not be frozen solid in winter but the digging of the trench has provoked the complete lack of river flow as of December 2005.
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Bystraya River: The river ice is covered by soil as a result of the river crossing, which will result in additional contamination when the ice melts as of December 2005.
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The Molikpaq drilling and oil production platform (Piltun-Astokhskoye-A platform) is an ice-resistant structure, originally built to explore for oil in the Canadian
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reproduction rate is stable. A study was conducted to research the composition, distribution and variability of the communities of gray whale food organisms.
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2015:
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731:. Construction of the LNG plant was carried out by OAO Nipigaspererabothka (Nipigas) and the KhimEnergo consortium, together with two Japanese companies
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fishing area off the island by dumping one million tons of dredging spoil waste into the sea, and imply a long-time threat of a large oil spill in the
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per year and about 180,000 barrels per day (29,000 m/d) of oil will be produced. The total project cost until 2014 was originally estimated by
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Woskresenkovka River: The clear river is threatened by the creation of a junction of two pipeline trenches filled with mud as of December 2005.
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for RUB 94.8 billion. At the same time, Novatek secured the consent of President Putin so that Shell could withdraw these funds from Russia.
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Friends of the Earth report: "Sakhalin II – A Production 'Non-Sharing' Agreement, An Analysis of Revenue Distribution" by Dr. Ian Rutledge
625:
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1977:
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830:
643:
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1926:"JBIC Signs Loan Agreement for Sakhalin II (Phase 2) Project To Secure Stable Supply of Energy Resource and Energy Security for Japan"
1895:
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2368:"Report of the Scientific Committee, Tromsø, Norway, 30 May to 11 June 2011 Annex F: Sub-Committee on Bowhead, Right and Gray Whale"
121:
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591: m) of crude oil and 500 billion cubic meters (18 trillion cubic feet) of natural gas; 9.6 million tonnes of
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share to the other partners in 1997 and Marathon traded its shares to Shell for an interest in other properties (the BP operated
149:
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and a consortium of international banks. Japan Bank for International Cooperation provided $ 3.7 billion of the funds.
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In June 2008 Sakhalin Energy signed Russia's largest project finance deal, securing a loan of US$ 5.3 billion from the
519:
in February 2022, Shell said that it would exit Sakhalin-2 and other ventures in Russia. On 30 June 2022, Russian President
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Tyurneva, Olga; Vladimir Vertyankin, Vladimir; Yakovlev, Yuri; Vladimirov, Valery; Burkanov, Vladimir (26 October 2007).
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In July 2005, a Russian court upheld the appeal of environmentalists who claimed in a petition that Sakhalin Energy's
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The onshore processing facility is located in the north-east of Sakhalin Island, 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) inland in
570:
439:
1833:
1659:
908:
Confiscated from Shell Sakhalin Holdings B.V. (subsidiary of Royal Dutch Shell) – 27.5% minus 1 share (following the
2615:
2573:"Sakhalin Energy's muddy waters – A "few cases" where Sakhalin Energy is endangering wild salmon on Sakhalin Island"
1119:
Stolichnyi stream: Ploughed-up channel of spawning stream and active erosion and silted processes as of August 2005.
1056:
Other concerns are that the project will threaten the livelihood of tens of thousands of fishermen, destroy the key
2179:
1985:
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Staff. (30 December 2022). "Japan insurers to continue marine war coverage near Russia after government steps in".
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population. The whales summer feeding grounds are close to the project's offshore platforms in the Sea of Okhotsk.
953:
81:
2435:
48:
2367:
2248:
1807:
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2140:"Scientists work with oil consortium to limit effects of seismic work on critically-endangered whale population"
2025:
1500:
2702:
1834:"Environmental Groups Develop New Ways to Air Grievances – Financing, Not Pipelines, Becomes the Latest Target"
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1896:"Environmental Victory: Sakhalin II Announces It Cannot Get Financing from US and UK Export Credit Agencies"
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policies come up for renewal, the Japanese government has asked non-life insurance companies to offer
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According to the Sakhalin Environment Watch, the following environmental changes have occurred:
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One key concern from environmental groups is that the Sakhalin-2 project will harm the western
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596:
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1990:
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The projects is owned and operated by Sakhalin Energy. Shareholders of Sakhalin Energy are:
532:
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Energy giant Shell to end partnership with Russia’s Gazprom as Ukraine conflict intensifies
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BM Photo-IDof Western Gray Whales on the northeastern shelf of Sakhalin Island: 2002–2006
1903:
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In September 2006, Sakhalin Energy briefly suspended construction work on its pipelines.
95:
1955:
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967:
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storage spheres, 1,600 cubic metres (57,000 cu ft) each (gross capacity) for
520:
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Shell Eastern Trading Ltd: 37 million tonnes over a 20-year period (October 2004)
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1933:
1556:
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781:
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The LNG plant was inaugurated on 18 February 2009. The first cargo was loaded to the
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431:, and associated infrastructure onshore. The project is managed and operated by
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Hiroshima Gas Co. Ltd: 0.21 million tonnes per year −20 years (April 2006)
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2020:
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driven generators with a total capacity of around 129 MW electrical power
723:
The Sakhalin-2 LNG plant is the first of its kind in Russia. It is located in
466:
261:
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210:
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1436:"Putin Replaces Sakhalin-2 Energy Project Operator With New Domestic Entity"
1160:
863:
839:
756:
691:
424:
1753:"Putin sweetens deal for Shell's confiscated stake in Russian LNG project"
1100:
control is visible on one bank but not on the other bank as of April 2006.
17:
891:
Gazprom Sakhalin Holdings B.V. (subsidiary of Gazprom) – 50% plus 1 share
795:
566:
469:. They won a tender from the Russian Government in 1992. Later that year
416:
188:
1733:"Russia's Novatek to acquire Shell's stake in Sakhalin-2 for $ 1.16 bln"
2625:
1737:
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1097:
912:), valued at 94.8 billion roubles ($ 1.1 billion) by a Russian auditor.
767:
687:
525:
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2213:"Report of the Western Gray Whale Advisory Panel at its Fifth Meeting"
746:
Two 100,000 cubic metres (3,500,000 cu ft) LNG storage tanks
652:
1468:"Правительство одобрило продажу "Новатэку" доли Shell в "Сахалине-2""
1057:
895:
771:
420:
257:
178:
1244:"Kremlin attack dog vows to take on Shell in the battle of Sakhalin"
702:
The TransSakhalin pipeline system is designed for transportation of
1767:"EBRD no longer considers current financing package for Sakhalin-2"
427:
and the Lunskoye natural gas field offshore Sakhalin Island in the
2082:"Britain ignored risk of whale extinction in rush for oil and gas"
988:
750:
659:
651:
557:
2600:
2280:"Recent oceanographic and marine environmental studies at FERHRI"
845:
Toho Gas: 0.5 million tonnes per year – 24 years (June 2005)
1870:"Sakhalin abandons petition to UK and US export credit agencies"
784:
fluid system for the supply of heat to various process consumers
660:
1404:"Putin moves to seize a large gas venture in Russia's Far East"
866:: 0.20 million tonnes per annum – 20 years (February 2007)
27:
Oil and natural gas drilling project in Sakhalin Oblast, Russia
2418:
2114:"Sakhalin Energy Will Relocate Pipelines to Avoid Rare Whales"
1656:"Sakhalin Energy Examines Viability Of Possible 3rd LNG Train"
581:
The two fields contain an estimated 1,200 million barrels (190
31:
2024:. Kommersant Publishing House. 28 August 2006. Archived from
842:: 1.1 million tonnes per year – 24 years (February 2005)
759:, each with capacity of 4.8 million tons of LNG per year
2116:. Environmental News Service. 31 March 2005. Archived from
872:: 0.5 million tonnes per year – 15 years (August 2007)
1687:(Press release). Mitsubishi. 19 April 2007. Archived from
940:
an Export Credit Agency owned by the Japanese government.
1514:"UK and US extend Sakhalin-2 Project sanctions exemption"
851:: 1.5 million tonnes per year – 20 years (July 2005)
833:: 0.5 million tonnes per year – 24 years (June 2004)
473:
joined the joint venture. In 1994 the JV incorporated in
433:
Sakhalin Energy Investment Company Ltd. (Sakhalin Energy)
1797:"Sakhalin II Monitoring and Transparency of Information"
2442:
826:
Contracts for the supply of LNG have been signed with:
606:
Piltun-Astokhskoye-A platform (the Molikpaq, the PA-A)
2434:
may contain excessive or inappropriate references to
1872:. Environmental Finance. 6 March 2008. Archived from
809:
to treat both sewage water and coil-containing water.
457:
The original consortium, was a joint venture between
423:. It includes development of the Piltun-Astokhskoye
860:: 0.42 million tonnes per year – 20 years (May 2006)
542:
Sakhalin-II has been exempted from sanctions by the
1956:"Shell in Russia's far east – Courting controversy"
974:the plans for minimising the environmental impact.
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62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1358:"Russian LNG plant extends Kremlin's energy reach"
1356:Tanya Mosolova; Denis Dyomkin (18 February 2009).
727:in Aniva Bay, 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) east of
577:visit the Sakhalin-II project on 18 February 2009.
2049:"Putin takes hard line on Shell Sakhalin dispute"
2487:"Sakhalin-II Oil and Gas Project – Introduction"
2362:
2360:
2358:
1804:European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
1771:European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
923:European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
669:16,000 barrels per day (2,500 m/d) of oil.
1313:"Russian bullying over oil is 'a wake-up call'"
2543:"Indigenous People:Development plan announced"
2253:International Union for Conservation of Nature
2220:International Union for Conservation of Nature
2144:International Union for Conservation of Nature
1682:"Transfer of Sakhalin Energy Shares Completed"
1006:International Union for Conservation of Nature
2513:"Sakhalin has Bumper Salmon harvest – again!"
2341:"Sakhalin Energy won the environmental award"
921:Sakhalin Energy looked for finances from the
894:Mitsui Sakhalin Holdings B.V. (subsidiary of
794:Utility systems including instrument air and
8:
1388:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1341:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1213:"Russia look to control world's gas prices"
1206:
1204:
629:Plans for an additional platform (the PA-C)
415:) project is an oil and gas development in
2618:An NGO campaigning against the Sakhalin-II
1311:; Nicholas Holdsworth (24 December 2008).
276:1984 (Lunskoye); 1986 (Piltun-Astokhskoye)
133:
2465:Learn how and when to remove this message
2291:North Pacific Marine Science Organization
2184:North Pacific Marine Science Organization
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
2648:Sakhalin II — Russia’s First LNG Project
1930:Japan Bank for International Cooperation
1190:Liquefied natural gas industry in Russia
1175:Sakhalin–Khabarovsk–Vladivostok pipeline
934:Japan Bank for International Cooperation
612:Piltun-Astokhskoye-B platform (the PA-B)
164:Location of Piltun-Astokhskoye oil field
2016:"Sakhalin Energy Suspends Construction"
1200:
1103:Mereya River: Active slope erosion and
479:Sakhalin Energy Investment Company Ltd.
2698:Liquefied natural gas plants of Russia
2322:
2311:
1381:
1334:
1323:from the original on 11 September 2016
2631:Bankwatch.org: Common_demands_by_NGOs
2606:Gazprom's Sakhalin-II project website
2445:by removing references to unreliable
2193:from the original on 15 December 2007
1658:. Downstream Today. 18 October 2007.
1528:"Sakhalin II, Sea of Okhotsk, Russia"
7:
2449:where they are used inappropriately.
2384:from the original on 5 November 2011
1043:Sakhalin Energy in cooperation with
901:Diamond Gas Sakhalin (subsidiary of
656:Lunskoye platform under construction
60:adding citations to reliable sources
2611:Shell's Sakhalin-II project website
2249:"IUCN welcomes reprieve for whales"
1850:from the original on 31 August 2009
1282:. Harveyroad Weekly. Archived from
1252:. Guardian News and Media Limited.
539:to LNG shippers in Russian waters.
156:
2094:from the original on 4 August 2017
1806:. 5 September 2006. Archived from
25:
2300:from the original on 17 July 2011
2229:from the original on 18 July 2011
2222:. December 2008. pp. 32–33.
2061:from the original on 2 April 2007
2047:Tony Halpin (28 September 2006).
1832:Benoit Faucon (11 October 2005).
1773:. 11 January 2007. Archived from
1662:from the original on 23 July 2022
1256:from the original on 6 March 2016
1211:Miriam Elder (27 December 2008).
694:in the south of Sakhalin Island.
490:, and an eight block area in the
2423:
2404:А давайте я вам китов покажу, а?
2259:from the original on 15 May 2013
2090:. Independent News & Media.
1978:"Risky Business – the new Shell"
1538:from the original on 11 May 2010
1448:from the original on 1 July 2022
1416:from the original on 1 July 2022
1159:
1145:
1040:are also present in the region.
550:governments until 28 June 2024.
155:
148:
36:
2278:Tkalin, Alexander (July 2003).
2080:Geoffrey Lean (13 April 2008).
1989:. November 2005. Archived from
1534:. Net Resources International.
1072:hatcheries on Sakhalin Island.
950:environmental impact assessment
609:Lunskoye-A platform (the Lun-A)
305:395,000 barrels per day (~1.97
47:needs additional citations for
2683:Energy in the Russian Far East
2146:. 30 June 2008. Archived from
1932:. 16 June 2008. Archived from
1902:. 4 March 2008. Archived from
1242:Tom Parfitt (4 October 2006).
993:Western gray whale on Sakhalin
980:Sustainable Development Report
438:Sakhalin-2 includes the first
1:
2663:1999 establishments in Russia
1277:"Russia Sakhalin 2 no shinso"
1275:Hiroko Uchida (14 May 2007).
1088:Impacts on rivers and streams
858:Tōhoku Electric Power Company
831:Kyūshū Electric Power Company
673:Piltun-Astokhskoye-B platform
634:Piltun-Astokhskoye-A platform
602:Sakhalin-2 project includes:
2708:Netherlands–Russia relations
2688:Shell plc oil and gas fields
2668:Natural gas fields in Russia
2485:Sakhalin Environment Watch.
2178:. PICES XVI Annual Meeting.
1476:(in Russian). 12 April 2023.
870:Chūbu Electric Power Company
737:Toyo Engineering Corporation
137:Piltun-Astokhskoye oil field
1599:Onshore Processing Facility
1014:Russian Academy of Sciences
910:Russian invasion of Ukraine
807:waste water treatment plant
682:Onshore processing facility
615:Onshore processing facility
571:Prince Andrew, Duke of York
517:Russian invasion of Ukraine
440:liquefied natural gas plant
351:1,200 million barrels (~1.6
2724:
2693:Gazprom oil and gas fields
2616:Sakhalin Environment Watch
2417:. retrieved on 9 June 2014
2180:Victoria, British Columbia
1986:World Wide Fund for Nature
1038:North Pacific right whales
880:
512:at the end of March 2009.
450:
166:Lunskoye natural gas field
139:Lunskoye natural gas field
2601:Sakhalin Energy's website
1557:Lunskoye Platform (LUN-A)
1503:Retrieved 2 January 2023.
1490:Retrieved 2 January 2023.
412:
320:Current production of gas
302:Current production of oil
143:
2057:. Times Newspapers Ltd.
742:The LNG plant includes:
2409:11 January 2016 at the
1844:The Wall Street Journal
1532:offshore-technology.com
1501:The Japan Times website
1180:Energy policy of Russia
698:TransSakhalin pipelines
664:Offshore Lun-A platform
618:TransSakhalin pipelines
2636:5 October 2011 at the
2436:self-published sources
2321:Cite journal requires
994:
665:
657:
578:
366:Estimated gas in place
348:Estimated oil in place
224:52.87000°N 143.77000°E
1718:13 March 2022 at the
1644:www.sakhalinenergy.ru
1623:www.sakhalinenergy.ru
1609:www.sakhalinenergy.ru
1588:www.sakhalinenergy.ru
1567:www.sakhalinenergy.ru
992:
849:Korea Gas Corporation
757:LNG processing trains
663:
655:
593:liquefied natural gas
561:
2673:Oil fields of Russia
1639:21 July 2011 at the
1604:21 July 2011 at the
1583:21 July 2011 at the
1562:21 July 2011 at the
1516:. 15 September 2023.
944:Environmental impact
777:A diesel fuel system
575:Maria van der Hoeven
394:Producing formations
281:Start of development
56:improve this article
2150:on 19 December 2008
2120:on 14 November 2006
1900:Pacific Environment
1839:Dow Jones Newswires
1722:, CNBC, Feb 28 2022
1634:Oil Export Terminal
1289:on 24 November 2016
1223:on 29 December 2008
1010:western gray whales
733:Chiyoda Corporation
711:Oil export terminal
648:Lunskoye-A platform
621:Oil export terminal
343: cu ft/d)
289:Start of production
229:52.87000; 143.77000
220: /
2622:Sakhalin-2 project
2579:on 9 December 2007
2493:on 13 October 2006
1876:on 22 January 2013
1777:on 15 October 2009
1694:on 26 October 2007
1409:The New York Times
995:
666:
658:
579:
554:Technical features
2545:(Press release).
2515:(Press release).
2475:
2474:
2467:
2351:on 10 March 2009.
2255:. 28 April 2009.
2251:(Press release).
2142:(Press release).
1928:(Press release).
1898:(Press release).
1769:(Press release).
1755:. 4 January 2024.
597:Royal Dutch Shell
471:Royal Dutch Shell
401:
400:
389: cu ft)
132:
131:
124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
2715:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2575:. Archived from
2569:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2549:. Archived from
2539:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2519:. Archived from
2509:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2498:
2489:. Archived from
2482:
2476:
2470:
2463:
2459:
2456:
2450:
2427:
2426:
2419:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2383:
2372:
2364:
2353:
2352:
2347:. Archived from
2337:
2331:
2330:
2324:
2319:
2317:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2299:
2284:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2228:
2217:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2192:
2177:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1995:
1982:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1958:. September 2005
1952:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1913:
1911:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1812:
1801:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1741:. 12 April 2023.
1729:
1723:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1693:
1686:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1652:
1646:
1631:
1625:
1620:Onshore Pipeline
1617:
1611:
1596:
1590:
1575:
1569:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1510:
1504:
1497:
1491:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1441:The Moscow Times
1432:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1387:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1366:. Archived from
1353:
1347:
1346:
1340:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1305:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1288:
1281:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1219:. Archived from
1208:
1169:
1164:
1163:
1155:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1107:as of July 2005.
822:Supply contracts
688:Nogliki district
587:
586:
533:marine insurance
488:Shetland Islands
414:
385:
384:
375:
374:
357:
356:
339:
338:
329:
328:
311:
310:
235:
234:
232:
231:
230:
225:
221:
218:
217:
216:
213:
195:Offshore/onshore
159:
158:
152:
134:
127:
120:
116:
113:
107:
105:
64:
40:
32:
21:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2703:Sakhalin Oblast
2653:
2652:
2638:Wayback Machine
2597:
2592:
2582:
2580:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2556:
2554:
2553:on 15 July 2011
2547:Sakhalin Energy
2541:
2540:
2536:
2526:
2524:
2523:on 15 July 2011
2517:Sakhalin Energy
2511:
2510:
2506:
2496:
2494:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2471:
2460:
2454:
2451:
2440:
2428:
2424:
2411:Wayback Machine
2401:
2397:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2356:
2345:Sakhalin Energy
2339:
2338:
2334:
2320:
2310:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2282:
2277:
2276:
2272:
2262:
2260:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2215:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2175:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2153:
2151:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2123:
2121:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2087:The Independent
2079:
2078:
2074:
2064:
2062:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2031:
2029:
2014:
2013:
2009:
1999:
1997:
1996:on 25 July 2006
1993:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1961:
1959:
1954:
1953:
1949:
1939:
1937:
1936:on 17 July 2011
1924:
1923:
1919:
1909:
1907:
1906:on 14 June 2011
1894:
1893:
1889:
1879:
1877:
1868:
1867:
1863:
1853:
1851:
1831:
1830:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1813:on 14 July 2007
1810:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1780:
1778:
1765:
1764:
1760:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1720:Wayback Machine
1711:
1707:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1665:
1663:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1641:Wayback Machine
1632:
1628:
1618:
1614:
1606:Wayback Machine
1597:
1593:
1585:Wayback Machine
1576:
1572:
1564:Wayback Machine
1555:
1551:
1541:
1539:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1498:
1494:
1488:Reuters website
1485:
1481:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1451:
1449:
1444:. 1 July 2022.
1434:
1433:
1429:
1419:
1417:
1412:. 1 July 2022.
1402:
1401:
1397:
1380:
1373:
1371:
1370:on 23 July 2022
1355:
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1224:
1210:
1209:
1202:
1198:
1165:
1158:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1105:water pollution
1096:Pilenga River:
1090:
1054:
1019:seismic testing
987:
946:
919:
885:
883:Sakhalin Energy
879:
824:
721:
713:
700:
684:
675:
650:
636:
584:
582:
563:Dmitry Medvedev
556:
494:—including the
455:
453:Sakhalin Energy
449:
417:Sakhalin Island
382:
380:
372:
370:
354:
352:
336:
334:
326:
324:
308:
306:
244:Sakhalin Energy
228:
226:
222:
219:
214:
211:
209:
207:
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170:
169:
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162:
161:
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138:
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117:
111:
108:
65:
63:
53:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2721:
2719:
2711:
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2695:
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2680:
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2670:
2665:
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2640:
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2596:
2595:External links
2593:
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2564:
2534:
2504:
2477:
2473:
2472:
2455:September 2015
2431:
2429:
2422:
2402:Shipulin 2012
2395:
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2323:|journal=
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2240:
2204:
2161:
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2105:
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2028:on 6 June 2011
2007:
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1062:Sea of Okhotsk
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968:Vladimir Putin
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492:Gulf of Mexico
484:Foinaven field
448:
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397:Astokh feature
395:
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367:
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333: m/d (1.9
321:
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827:
821:
819:
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790:
786:
783:
782:heat transfer
779:
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773:
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761:
758:
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748:
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1260:24 February
1227:27 December
985:Gray whales
961:Oleg Mitvol
800:diesel fuel
798:plants and
789:gas turbine
764:refrigerant
510:Grand Aniva
507:LNG carrier
498:) in 2000.
486:, near the
429:Okhotsk Sea
379: m (18
227: /
215:143°46′12″E
203:Coordinates
112:August 2008
2657:Categories
2443:improve it
2388:5 February
2375:IWC Office
2021:Kommersant
1698:26 October
1666:26 October
1196:References
1185:Sakhalin-I
1045:Sakhalin-1
1028:Minister.
999:gray whale
903:Mitsubishi
877:Consortium
624:LNG plant
515:After the
496:Ursa field
467:Mitsubishi
451:See also:
405:Sakhalin-2
315: t/a)
297:Production
262:Mitsubishi
212:52°52′12″N
82:newspapers
18:Sakhalin-2
2293:: 32–34.
2054:The Times
1473:Vedomosti
1384:cite news
1337:cite news
1317:Telegraph
1217:Telegraph
965:President
917:Financing
864:Osaka Gas
840:Tokyo Gas
719:LNG plant
692:Aniva Bay
463:McDermott
425:oil field
413:Сахалин-2
273:Discovery
2678:Sakhalin
2634:Archived
2407:Archived
2379:Archived
2295:Archived
2257:Archived
2224:Archived
2188:Archived
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1254:Archived
1139:See also
898:)- 12.5%
796:nitrogen
729:Korsakov
567:Taro Aso
477:to form
361: t)
250:Partners
240:Operator
198:offshore
189:Sakhalin
2626:YouTube
2447:sources
2000:23 July
1738:Reuters
1363:Reuters
1098:Erosion
1012:. The
905:) – 10%
802:systems
774:storage
768:propane
749:An LNG
526:Novatek
475:Bermuda
447:History
409:Russian
254:Gazprom
175:Country
96:scholar
1452:1 July
1420:1 July
1058:salmon
896:Mitsui
772:ethane
465:, and
421:Russia
258:Mitsui
185:Region
179:Russia
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