64:
391:
619:
story credence. During that stage of the civil war, the strife was so intense that genealogical truth had evolved to a relative concept. Many royal pretenders claimed to be sons of King Sigurd II, and that was mostly a political statement – their claims were at best dubious. It may have meant just that the claimant desired to continue the perceived policies of Sigurd and his party, and in that sense were his 'sons'. Sverre I would be viewed as starting the
264:
626:
Haakon IV was born to a
Norwegian peasant girl after the death of King Haakon III. She and the late king's inner circle affirmed that she had been the king's lover and that the boy had been sired by him. Of all the last-mentioned four problematic points of descent, this appears, on the face of it, as
598:
Harald IV arrived in Norway from his native
Ireland and claimed to be the natural son of Magnus III, sired during the latter's Irish expedition. His claim seems, from historical sources, to be based on tales told by his Irish mother and family circle during his youth. Were one to view these claims
490:
In this critical view, only three generations of
Fairhair kings reigned, from 930 to 1030, for 40 years altogether. The kings Olav Tryggvason and St. Olav, their family ties with the Fairhair dynasty perhaps a 12th-century invention, ruled for 18 years altogether and Harald Hardrada then founded a
482:
One particular point of doubt raised by historians is whether Harald III's father was actually descended in unbroken male line from a younger (and somewhat obscure) son of Harald
Fairhair, and Olav II in another obscure but unbroken male line. It has been suggested that their claims to the throne
398:
Scholars now consider the
Fairhair dynasty at least partly the product of medieval invention. One motive would be to increase the legitimacy of rulers by giving them a clear royal ancestry dating back to the foundation of the kingdom. Another was to provide pedigrees for other people by connecting
580:
as a three-year-old, only to tell his true parentage to the man who discovered him there and freed him six years later. Olaf II is likewise claimed to have been a male-line descendant of Harald I, as great-grandson of Harald I's alleged son Bjørn in
Vestfold, yet he is first known to history as a
618:
by
Gunhild, Sverre's attested mother. Sverre was sired during his mother's marriage with another man, Unas the Combmaker. Only in adulthood, so the claim goes according to legends, did his mother tell Sverre his 'real' paternity. Based on historical sources, no one else appears to have given the
590:
Harald III is historically attested to have referred only to his kinship with his maternal half-brother, Olaf II. Much later legends (sagas authored under the patronage of royal courts of Harald III's descendants) claim Harald III's father also to have descended from Harald I (through Harald
447:
explored the relationship between them and argued that the original aims were to establish a framework of regnal years for dating and to connect
Icelandic chieftains to them, and that the Vestfold origin of the dynasty was deliberately altered and they were connected to the Swedish
1294:
Sjöström, for example, regards this as evidence of later invention: "he male-line descent of Sigurd Syr from Harald
Fairhair/Schönhaar is very uncertain, redolent of a later, possibly 12th-century, creation in support of the established royal Hardraada dynasty's legitimacy
328:(Olaf the Stout, who later became St. Olaf), who reigned from 1015, was the first king to have control over the entire country. He is generally held to be the driving force behind Norway's final conversion to Christianity and was later revered as
243:) which united and ruled Norway with few interruptions from the latter half of the 9th century. In the traditional view, this lasted until 1387, however, many modern scholars view this rule as lasting only three generations, ending with
568:, were not parts of Harald I's dominions but subject to the Danish kings at the time, making this connection dubious. Further, the future king Olaf is said to have been born posthumously to a mother who had taken refuge in the
300:
According to the traditional view, after Harald
Fairhair first unified the kingdom, Norway was inherited by his agnatic (male) descendants. In the 13th century, this was codified in law. Unlike other Scandinavian monarchies and
347:(Magnus the Blind, r. 1130–1135 and 1137–1139), were descended from Harald Hardrada: the 'Hardrada dynasty'. However, many modern historians doubt whether Harald III or his predecessors
595:). Thus, Harald III's 'Hardrada dynasty' is represented in the sagas as a branch of the Fairhair dynasty. They also became known as the 'St. Olaf dynasty' in honor of the founder's half-brother.
1151:
vol 2 (2007:4, July), pp. 253–276: "It is very likely that the lord Halvdan, father of kinglet Sigurd Syr, was not identical with a possible Halvdan in Hadafylke, grandson of king Harald".
627:
the most trustworthy. Were this disputed, Haakon IV, would be regarded as having started yet another new dynasty, though he is generally regarded as having continued the 'Sverre dynasty'.
336:(Harald Hardrada, r. 1046–1066). Either of these may therefore be regarded as further unifiers of Norway. And some of the rulers were nominally or actually vassals of the King of
491:
new dynasty. There may be as many as 6 dynasties altogether subsumed under the title of Fairhair dynasty: Harald Fairhair's, Olaf Tryggvason's, St. Olaf's, Harald Hardrada's,
473:
the progenitor of a dynasty which stretched in three branches from Harald Fairhair to Olaf Tryggvason, Olaf II and Harald. – in fulfillment of prophetic dreams, according to
320:(Hákon Sigurðarson, often called 'Jarl Haakon'). Also, although Harald Fairhair's kingdom was the kernel of a unified Norway, it was still small and his power centre was in
324:, in the south. And when he died, the kingdom was divided between his sons. Some historians put emphasis on the actual monarchical control over the country and assert that
1608:
1394:
1486:
564:
Olaf I is given a male-line descent from Harald I in the Icelandic sagas, as grandson of Harald's alleged son Olaf in Vika. However, Viken and its region of Norway,
1223:
308:
However, in the first centuries after Harald Fairhair, there were several periods during which the country was effectively ruled not by a king but by one of the
581:
successful Viking marauder rather than a landed prince. The reliability of these two claims depends on the credibility of the Icelandic accounts (in particular
469:
Turville-Petre speaks of a "decisive reconstruction of Harald 's ancestry probably carried out by Icelanders, some two hundred years after his time" which made
1147:
M. Sjöström, "Scandinavian medieval descendants of Charlemagne: A detailed genealogy of the issue of Agnes Haakonsdottir, of the so-called Fairhair dynasty",
1199:
1565:
1311:
1243:, the first five members were all buried in Vestfold; which implies that this was the centre of their power. Yet Ari entitles the first member
1601:
1387:
1350:
1479:
587:) and the sources used to compile them, and if deemed unreliable, their reigns would represent distinct dynasties from that of Fairhair.
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Each of them came from "nowhere" and won the kingdom, the three latter claiming to be hitherto unknown natural sons of an earlier king.
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1135:
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572:, yet the age assigned him in other sources would place his birth years after the date attributed to the death of his father. The
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77:
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1380:
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cannot be easily placed into the Fairhair dynasty scheme. Their relation to an earlier Fairhair king was that of a half-brother.
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1283:
332:(Latin: eternal king of Norway). Some provinces did not actually come under the rule of the Fairhair kings before the time of
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1248:
63:
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The problem points (points of broken genealogy) in the medieval royal lineage in the so-called Fairhair dynasty are:
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289:(Harald Fairhair or Finehair), the first King of Norway (as opposed to "in Norway"), who defeated the last resisting
1621:
1499:
375:) and whether they in fact made such a claim, or whether these lineages are a construction from the 12th century.
1688:
251:" is a retrospective construction: in their lifetime what little traces there are refer to them consistently as "
1224:
10: "The numbers suggest that this was a professional genealogical document, made up in sets of ten generations"
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The most seriously discredited alleged scion, practically regarded as an impostor by many modern academics, was
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133:
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as dubious, then Harald IV instead gave rise to a new dynasty, the 'Gille' (Irish) or 'Gylle dynasty'.
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them to the royal house. Versions of the royal descent are preserved in various works by Icelandic
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316:), from the northern part of Norway. The first such period was from about 975 to about 995 under
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1318:(Kings in the Norwegian genealogies), Norsk Slektshistorisk Forening 1999/2000, reprinted from
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were in fact descended from Harald Fairhair (for example questioning the identification of
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352:
348:
120:
110:
466:, the region around Oslo, because the area had been paying taxes to the King of Denmark.
1251:: "The Skjǫldungs were not in question . . . ; the Ynglings of Sweden were chosen".
1657:
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838:
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were bolstered by genealogical invention because although they shared the same mother,
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17:
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368:
1369:, Presented at Scandinavian Area Genealogical Societies, 27 February 1991 (PDF)
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1260:
1247:. In Icelandic historical tradition the emphasis is on the mountain regions";
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555:
457:
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1085:
Medieval Worlds : Barbarians, Heretics, and Artists in the Middle Ages
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argued that an important motive was to establish a hereditary claim to
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252:
232:
1188:
Medieval Scandinavia: from Conversion to Reformation, circa 800-1500
48:
1367:"Norwegian Kings and Vikings: Do They Belong in Your Family Tree?"
400:
389:
277:
The Fairhair Dynasty is traditionally regarded as the first royal
262:
1062:
1590:
1468:
1376:
1149:
Foundations – Journal of the Foundation for Medieval Genealogy
614:
party of the civil war, and claimed to be the natural son of
383:
is also usually considered to be dubious, which would make
1265:
Ynglingatal og Ynglingasaga: en studie i historiske kilder
433:(which preserves information from a now lost version of
259:
Dynasty itself: traditional view vs artificial construct
394:
Kingdom of Norway at its greatest extent, around 1265
387:(Inge Bårdsson) possibly the last king of a dynasty.
1190:, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1993,
1267:, Oslo: Universitetsforlaget 1991, OCLC 256562288,
610:, took up leadership in the embattled and heirless
180:
172:
140:
116:
106:
93:
83:
73:
34:
1108:The phrase is first recorded in the contemporary
419:(which preserves information from a lost work by
285:. It was founded by Harald I of Norway, known as
1214:, "The Genealogist and History: Ari to Snorri",
479:, in which the genealogy reaches its full form.
403:and historians, some based on now lost works:
1602:
1480:
1388:
847:Erling Stonewall : 1204–1207, rival king
815:Sigurd the Noisy : 1135–1139, rival king
8:
711:Olaf Haraldsson, Olav the Stout, St. Olav (
1609:
1595:
1587:
1487:
1473:
1465:
1395:
1381:
1373:
713:Olav Digre / Sankt Olav / Olav den Hellige
686:, perhaps unrelated 'Tryggvason' dynasty:
62:
1303:
1301:
343:It is undisputed that later kings, until
305:, Norway was never an elective monarchy.
1668:Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
1576:Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
1454:Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
606:, who arrived in Norway from his native
1054:
247:in the late 10th century. The moniker "
239:(commonly known as "Harald Fairhair",
31:
631:Kings and pretenders in sub-dynasties
576:then relates that he was enslaved in
270:(red) in 1020, with the territory of
7:
1126:, Cambridge University Press, 2003,
1120:The Cambridge History of Scandinavia
987:Håkon IV Håkonsson : 1217–1263
789:(Øystein Magnusson) : 1103–1123
1345:. Oslo: Universitetsforlage, 2000.
823:Magnus Erlingsson : 1161–1184
961:Sverre Sigurdsson : 1177–1202
767:(Håkon Magnusson) : 1093–1094
751:Magnus Haraldsson : 1066–1069
443:). These differ in some respects.
363:or Harald Fairhair's fathering of
25:
1309:"Kongar i dei norske ættetavlene"
978:bastard lineage of Sverre dynasty
967:Håkon Sverreson : 1202–1204
1087:, University of Chicago, 1992,
1011:Eric Magnusson : 1280–1299
693:Olaf Tryggvason : 995–1000
917:) : 1174–1177, rival king
1:
1343:Norges historie fram til 1319
923: : 1185–1188, rival king
907: : 1162–1163, rival king
865:Harald Gille : 1130–1136
841: : 1196–1202, rival king
835: : 1193–1194, rival king
829: : 1166–1169, rival king
423:), and at greatest length in
97:
1028:Hereditary Kingdom of Norway
871:Sigurd Munn : 1136–1155
456:to fit Icelandic tradition.
992:Haakon Haakonsson the Young
1710:
1065:. Store norske leksikon AS
379:'s claim to be the son of
1628:
1506:
1414:
1186:Birgit and Peter Sawyer,
636:Original Fairhair lineage
340:, including Jarl Haakon.
61:
43:
27:Medieval european dynasty
1314:28 February 2007 at the
1218:20 (1978-81), pp. 7–23 (
649:) : c. 890 – c. 930
37:
591:Fairhair's alleged son
526:descended from Harald I
897:Haakon Broadshoulder (
395:
330:Rex Perpetuum Norvegiæ
274:
228:
1222:), especially pp. 8,
795:Sigurd the Crusader (
393:
373:Snæfrithr Svásadottir
287:Haraldr hinn hárfagri
266:
68:Coin of Eric Bloodaxe
965:Haakon III of Norway
913:Eystein the Maiden (
887:Inge the Hunchback (
875:Eystein II of Norway
771:Magnus III of Norway
739:Harald III of Norway
535:Magnus III of Norway
524:Harald III of Norway
485:Åsta Gudbrandsdatter
357:Halfdan in Hadafylke
295:Battle of Hafrsfjord
241:Haraldr inn hárfagri
136:(Scotland, disputed)
1653:Palatinate-Neumarkt
1551:Palatinate-Neumarkt
1444:Palatinate-Neumarkt
1212:Joan Turville-Petre
999:Magnus VI of Norway
985:Haakon IV of Norway
905:Sigurd Markusfostre
901:) : 1157–1162
895:Haakon II of Norway
869:Sigurd II of Norway
863:Harald IV of Norway
803:Magnus IV of Norway
787:Eystein I of Norway
757:Olaf the Peaceful (
749:Magnus II of Norway
700:, the start of the
673:Harald II of Norway
659:) : c. 930–934
552:Haakon IV of Norway
545:Sigurd II of Norway
531:Harald IV of Norway
445:Joan Turville-Petre
359:with the father of
303:Anglo-Saxon England
151:King of Northumbria
1245:Upplendingakonungr
1124:Prehistory to 1520
1005:) : 1263–1280
1001:Magnus Lawmender (
971:Guttorm Sigurdsson
935:) : 1204–1217
891:) : 1136–1161
881:) : 1142–1157
879:Øystein Haraldsson
821:Magnus V of Norway
805:Magnus the Blind (
799:) : 1103–1130
793:Sigurd I of Norway
777:) : 1093–1103
761:) : 1066–1093
755:Olaf III of Norway
745:) : 1046–1066
725:) : 1035–1047
719:Magnus I of Norway
715:) : 1015–1028
663:Haakon I of Norway
643:Harald I of Norway
517:Harald I of Norway
405:Þjóðólfr of Hvinir
396:
275:
237:Harald I of Norway
231:) was a family of
167:King of Vingulmark
18:Saint Olaf dynasty
1676:
1675:
1584:
1583:
1462:
1461:
1351:978-82-00-12938-7
1111:Historia Norwegiæ
1063:"Harald Hårfagre"
1017: : 1299–1319
1015:Håkon V Magnusson
1009:Eric II of Norway
929:Inge II of Norway
797:Sigurd Jorsalfare
783: : 1103–1115
741:Harald Hardrada (
721:Magnus the Good (
709:Olaf II of Norway
665:Haakon the Good (
645:Harald Fairhair (
519:(Harald Fairhair)
513:Olaf II of Norway
495:'s and Sverre's.
493:Magnus Erlingsson
471:Halfdan the Black
416:Nóregs konungatal
377:Sverre Sigurdsson
318:Haakon Sigurdsson
283:kingdom of Norway
268:Kingdom of Norway
217:
216:
163:King of Trondheim
78:Kingdom of Norway
16:(Redirected from
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1689:Fairhair dynasty
1611:
1604:
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1566:Holstein-Gottorp
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1482:
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1322:99.1, pp. 20–23
1307:Jo Rune Ugulen,
1305:
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1282:Turville-Petre,
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1239:: "According to
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959:Sverre of Norway
940:Philip Simonsson
899:Håkon Herdebreid
885:Inge I of Norway
845:Erling Steinvegg
833:Sigurd Magnusson
773:Magnus Bareleg (
765:Haakon Magnusson
731:Hardrada dynasty
702:St. Olav dynasty
691:Olaf I of Norway
675:Harald Greyfur (
669:) : 934–961
653:Eric I of Norway
554:was son of King
543:was son of King
533:was son of King
509:Olaf I of Norway
452:rather than the
425:Snorri Sturluson
249:Fairhair dynasty
245:Harald Greycloak
221:Fairhair dynasty
199:Hardrada dynasty
144:King of Vestfold
102:
99:
66:
35:Fairhair dynasty
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21:
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1316:Wayback Machine
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944:Skule Baardsson
775:Magnus Berrføtt
743:Harald Hardråde
723:Magnus den Gode
655:Eric Bloodaxe (
647:Harald Hårfagre
633:
515:descended from
507:whether either
501:
353:Magnus the Good
349:Olaf Tryggvason
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190:Vestfold branch
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159:King of Rånrike
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1360:External links
1358:
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1354:(in Norwegian)
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1272:(in Norwegian)
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677:Harald Gråfell
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570:Orkney Islands
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435:Ari Þorgilsson
351:, Olaf II and
281:of the united
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813:Sigurd Slembe
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809:): 1130–1135
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421:Sæmundr fróði
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310:Jarls of Lade
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54:Royal dynasty
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33:
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19:
1632:
1618:Royal houses
1510:
1496:Royal houses
1423:
1404:Royal houses
1342:
1324:(in Nynorsk)
1319:
1290:
1278:
1269:pp. 231, 243
1264:
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1109:
1104:
1084:
1083:Arno Borst,
1079:
1067:. Retrieved
1057:
1002:
977:
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973: : 1204
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593:Sigurd Hrise
589:
584:Heimskringla
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574:Heimskringla
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489:
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476:Heimskringla
474:
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430:Heimskringla
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371:girl called
365:Sigurd Hrise
342:
329:
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286:
276:
248:
240:
229:Hårfagreætta
220:
218:
193:
187:Vigen branch
47:Norse clan (
38:Hårfagreætta
29:
1241:Ynglingatal
921:Jon Kuvlung
827:Olav Ugjæva
612:Birkebeiner
410:Ynglingatal
381:Sigurd Munn
291:petty kings
235:founded by
194:Allegedly:
176:970 or 1387
173:Dissolution
117:Final ruler
1683:Categories
1571:Bernadotte
1339:Claus Krag
1320:Genealogen
1261:Claus Krag
1122:Volume 1,
1116:Knut Helle
1069:22 January
1049:References
759:Olav Kyrre
679:): 961–976
556:Haakon III
458:Claus Krag
454:Skjǫldungs
361:Sigurd Syr
334:Harald III
101: 865
1663:Oldenburg
1643:Estridsen
1561:Oldenburg
1541:Estridsen
1516:Knýtlinga
1449:Oldenburg
1429:Estridsen
1419:Knýtlinga
1216:Saga-Book
616:Sigurd II
499:Genealogy
345:Magnus IV
225:Norwegian
88:Norwegian
1648:Griffins
1633:Fairhair
1546:Griffins
1521:Hardrada
1511:Fairhair
1439:Griffins
1424:Fairhair
1312:Archived
1295:claims".
1022:See also
990:co-king
698:Vestfold
604:Sverre I
566:Vestfold
550:whether
529:whether
522:whether
450:Ynglings
322:Vestfold
297:in 872.
272:Finnmark
253:Ynglings
134:Margaret
131:(Norway)
129:Haakon V
125:Magnus V
1622:Iceland
1408:Denmark
1333:Sources
1173:Helle,
1160:Helle,
578:Estonia
385:Inge II
338:Denmark
326:Olaf II
293:at the
279:dynasty
107:Founder
94:Founded
74:Country
1638:Bjälbo
1536:Bjälbo
1531:Sverre
1500:Norway
1434:Bjälbo
1349:
1237:pp. 14
1194:
1175:p. 185
1162:p. 191
1136:p. 379
1130:
1097:p. 132
1091:
541:Sverre
401:skalds
314:Hlaðir
141:Titles
1658:Bonde
1556:Bonde
1526:Gille
1284:p. 15
1200:p. 61
684:Viken
463:Viken
413:, in
367:on a
233:kings
1347:ISBN
1192:ISBN
1128:ISBN
1089:ISBN
1071:2014
942:and
369:Sami
219:The
1620:of
1498:of
1406:of
1220:pdf
511:or
437:'s
427:'s
407:'s
255:".
127:or
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