184:’ a few million years earlier, when up to 80% of the current land area of New Zealand was submerged. The wildlife that lived in, on, and around the palaeolake Manuherikia was uniquely New Zealand, which strongly suggesting that some emergent land remained during this near drowning event. Marked global cooling and drying during the Miocene, Pliocene and the Pleistocene Ice Ages resulted in the extinction of the 'subtropical' elements of the St Bathans fauna. Those that survived adapted to the dynamic geological and climatic changes, and would form part of the enigmatic fauna that characterised New Zealand when humans arrived in the late 13th century.
33:
312:. The latter is represented by several bones and egg shells of currently unnamed species, but already identifiable as true moa, being large sized and flightless. The fact that moa are already recognisably modern in anatomy, and possibly ecology, while kiwis are fairly unspecialised and probably still flighted, confirms the previous suspicions that neither clade is closely related and that they arrived in New Zealand independently: moa arrived and became flightless earlier in the
193:
1742:
Archer, Michael; Boles, Walter E.; Scofield, R. Paul; Worthy, Jennifer P.; Tennyson, Alan J. D.; Nguyen, Jacqueline M. T.; Hand, Suzanne J.; Worthy, Trevor H. (2010). "Biogeographical and
Phylogenetic Implications of an Early Miocene Wren (Aves: Passeriformes: Acanthisittidae) from New Zealand".
79:
sediments deposited in a shallow, freshwater lake, with an area of 5600 km from present day
Central Otago to Bannockburn and the Nevis Valley in the west; to Naseby in the east; and from the Waitaki Valley in the north to Ranfurly in the south. The lake was bordered by an extensive
286:, a giant burrowing bat three times the size of today’s relatives, and more closely related to South American bats. This suggests that small land mammals were a common component of New Zealand's fauna in the Miocene, with even bats being significantly more diverse than today.
1639:
Mather, Ellen K.; Tennyson, Alan J. D.; Scofield, R. Paul; Pietri, Vanesa L. De; Hand, Suzanne J.; Archer, Michael; Handley, Warren D.; Worthy, Trevor H. (2019-03-04). "Flightless rails (Aves: Rallidae) from the early
Miocene St Bathans Fauna, Otago, New Zealand".
1454:
Worthy, Trevor H.; Tennyson, Alan J. D.; Hand, Suzanne J.; Scofield, R. Paul (2008-06-01). "A new species of the diving duck
Manuherikia and evidence for geese (Aves: Anatidae: Anserinae) in the St Bathans Fauna (Early Miocene), New Zealand".
456:, are a large group of birds that are mostly found in marine or semi-marine environments. There are about 350 species, and they are mostly small to medium-sized. Two of these are known from St Bathans, the New Zealand lake-wanderer (
322:(waterfowl) dominate the fauna. At least nine species are recognised from St Bathans, making it the richest waterfowl fauna in the world. All the waterfowl species are unique to New Zealand. Bones attributable to Cape Barren goose (
1018:
Worthy, Trevor H.; Pietri, Vanesa L. De; Scofield, R. Paul (2017-07-03). "Recent advances in avian palaeobiology in New
Zealand with implications for understanding New Zealand's geological, climatic and evolutionary histories".
474:. This group includes albatrosses. Petrels today make up most of all species of seabird, and the order is the only order of birds to be entirely marine. One species of petrel is known from the St Bathans Fauna – a
1557:"First record of Palaelodus (Aves: Phoenicopteriformes) from New Zealand. In Proceedings of the VII International Meeting of the Society of Avian Paleontology and Evolution, ed. W.E. Boles and T.H. Worthy"
547:
is represented by at least four species. These vary drastically in size, suggesting that they occupied a wide variety of ecological niches, having diversified in the relative absence of other parrots.
1321:
Worthy, Trevor H.; Salisbury, Steven W.; Pietri, Vanesa L. De; Tennyson, Alan J. D.; R. Paul
Scofield; Gunnell, Gregg F.; Simmons, Nancy B.; Archer, Michael; Beck, Robin M. D. (2018-01-10).
649:
As well as fishes, shellfish, including freshwater mussels, and freshwater crayfish dominated the aquatic life in the palaeolake
Manuherikia. A new species of St Bathans freshwater limpet,
334:
goose, and those of a second possible goose species have been found. In both instances, there is not enough material currently to erect species. Stiff-tailed ducks dominate the fauna with
1250:
Hand, Suzanne J.; Lee, Daphne E.; Worthy, Trevor H.; Archer, Michael; Worthy, Jennifer P.; Tennyson, Alan J. D.; Salisbury, Steven W.; Scofield, R. Paul; Mildenhall, Dallas C. (2015).
1596:
Worthy, Trevor H.; Tennyson, Alan J. D.; Scofield, R. Paul (2011-07-01). "Fossils reveal an early
Miocene presence of the aberrant gruiform Aves: Aptornithidae in New Zealand".
1207:; Archer, M; Worthy, JP; Tennyson, AJD; Scofield, RP (2013). "Miocene mystacinids (Chiroptera, Noctilionoidea) indicate a long history for endemic bats in New Zealand".
1871:
Worthy, Trevor H.; Tennyson, Alan J. D.; Hand, Suzanne J.; Godthelp, Henk; Scofield, R. Paul (2011). "Terrestrial Turtle
Fossils from New Zealand Refloat Moa's Ark".
1971:
Gray, 1850 (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Hygrophila: Chilinoidea: Latiidae) from
Miocene Palaeo-lake Manuherikia, southern New Zealand, and biogeographic implications"
986:
738:
Worthy, Trevor H.; Tennyson, Alan J. D.; Jones, C.; McNamara, J. A.; Douglas, B. J. (2007). "Miocene waterfowl and other birds from central Otago, New Zealand".
2026:
1691:
Worthy, Trevor H.; Tennyson, Alan J. D.; Scofield, R. Paul (2011). "An early Miocene diversity of parrots (Aves, Strigopidae, Nestorinae) from New Zealand".
1070:
1136:
Worthy, Trevor H.; Tennyson, Alan J. D.; Archer, Michael; Musser, A. M.; Hand, S. J.; Jones, C.; Douglas, B. J.; McNamara, J. A.; Beck, R. M. D. (2006).
1323:"A new, large-bodied omnivorous bat (Noctilionoidea: Mystacinidae) reveals lost morphological and ecological diversity since the Miocene in New Zealand"
229:
103:–woodland. At that time the climate was warm with a distinctly subtropical Australian climate and the surrounding vegetation was characterised by
881:
Lee Michael S. Y.; Hutchinson Mark N.; Worthy Trevor H.; Archer Michael; Tennyson Alan J. D.; Worthy Jennifer P.; Scofield R. Paul (2009-12-23).
1843:
2031:
2021:
1402:
239:
grant to study the shorebird fossils. This long-running (since 2000) collaborative research programme also includes scientists from the
576:
The St Bathans fauna is rich in reptile and amphibian remains. Several groups present in modern New Zealand are represented, such as
1395:
Paleornithological Research 2013 – Proceedings of the 8th International Meeting of the Society of Avian Paleontology and Evolution
1555:
Worthy, Trevor H.; Tennyson, Alan J. D.; Archer, Michael; Scofield, R. Paul (2010). Boles, Walter E.; Worthy, Trevor H. (eds.).
2006:
629:
The vast majority of the bones excavated from St Bathans are those of freshwater fish such as the ancient relatives of today's
221:
1389:
Scofield, R. Paul; Hand, Suzanne J.; Salisbury, Steven W.; Tennyson, Alan J. D.; Worthy, Jennifer P.; Worthy, Trevor (2013).
1508:"Affinities of Miocene Waterfowl (anatidae: Manuherikia, Dunstanetta and Miotadorna) from the St Bathans Fauna, New Zealand"
1419:
240:
233:
2011:
1108:
657:
829:"A sphenodontine (Rhynchocephalia) from the Miocene of New Zealand and palaeobiogeography of the tuatara (Sphenodon)"
213:
244:
2016:
1094:
464:), a plover-like bird of uncertain affinities but possibly related to sheathbills and the Magellanic plover.
1914:
Schwarzhans, Werner; Scofield, R. Paul; Tennyson, Alan J.D.; Worthy, Jennifer P.; Worthy, Trevor H. (2012).
452:, including gulls, terns, noddies, snipes, dotterels, plovers, jacanas, oystercatchers, sheathbills and the
32:
438:
432:
306:, have early representatives in the fauna. The former is represented by the diminutive, possibly volant
45:
217:
1807:
1752:
1700:
1649:
1519:
1464:
1418:
Tennyson, Alan J.D.; Worthy, Trevor H.; Jones, Craig M.; Scofield, R. Paul; Hand, Suzanne J. (2010).
1334:
1267:
1216:
1149:
747:
703:
638:
260:
1420:"Moa's Ark: Miocene fossils reveal the great antiquity of moa (Aves: Dinornithiformes) in Zealandia"
386:
336:
225:
205:
209:
192:
1896:
1776:
1724:
1673:
1621:
1488:
1232:
1044:
956:
781:
556:
517:
351:
181:
621:
was much richer in this epoch, probably because its climate was considerably warmer than today.
940:
Proceedings of the VII International Meeting of the Society of Avian Paleontology and Evolution
1947:
1888:
1825:
1768:
1716:
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1613:
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1398:
1368:
1350:
1303:
1285:
1185:
1167:
1036:
912:
858:
773:
131:
49:
1982:
1937:
1927:
1880:
1815:
1760:
1708:
1657:
1605:
1568:
1527:
1472:
1431:
1358:
1342:
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1224:
1204:
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1157:
1028:
944:
902:
894:
848:
840:
763:
755:
551:
497:
491:
471:
201:
85:
1138:"Miocene mammal reveals a Mesozoic ghost lineage on insular New Zealand, southwest Pacific"
968:
935:"A heron (Aves: Ardeidae) from the Early Miocene St Bathans Fauna of southern New Zealand"
561:
533:
453:
449:
147:
1391:"Miocene fossils show that kiwi (Apteryx, Apterygidae) are probably not phyletic dwarves"
1390:
1916:"Fish Remains, Mostly Otoliths, from the Non-Marine Early Miocene of Otago, New Zealand"
1811:
1756:
1704:
1653:
1523:
1468:
1338:
1271:
1220:
1153:
751:
599:. However, there are also several species not seen in modern-day New Zealand, such as a
426:) was only slightly smaller than its more recent descendants. There were two flightless
1363:
1322:
1298:
1251:
1180:
1137:
987:"Newly-discovered pigeon species related to the dodo lived in NZ millions of years ago"
907:
883:"Miocene skinks and geckos reveal long-term conservatism of New Zealand's lizard fauna"
882:
853:
828:
687:
577:
410:
390:) is smaller than, and morphologically distinct from, the Late Oligocene-Early Miocene
276:
2000:
1966:
1573:
1556:
1532:
1507:
1436:
948:
934:
543:
475:
236:
135:
120:
116:
104:
76:
69:
53:
1900:
1780:
1728:
1677:
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1492:
1236:
1048:
785:
630:
618:
584:
381:
319:
264:
256:
57:
17:
1661:
1032:
255:
Surprisingly, given modern New Zealand's dearth of land mammals, there is a basal
1820:
1795:
1712:
1280:
1228:
196:
Quarrying bed HH1a, Bannockburn Formation, for the early Miocene St Bathans Fauna
600:
427:
299:
295:
177:
143:
61:
1346:
1794:
Worthy, T. H.; Tennyson, A. J. D.; Scofield, R. P.; Hand, S. J. (2013-12-01).
1764:
1609:
1476:
1071:"Through the looking glass: Fossils reveal a Miocene Wonderland at St Bathans"
800:
759:
711:
654:
634:
611:
607:
417:
366:
330:
308:
271:
172:
124:
81:
1951:
1892:
1829:
1772:
1720:
1669:
1617:
1582:
1541:
1484:
1354:
1289:
1171:
1040:
777:
1162:
675:
603:
565:
541:, the largest known parrot, weighing 7 kilograms and standing 1 meter tall.
505:, while the latter is a much larger species that appears to be basal within
405:
399:
324:
282:
167:
112:
89:
1372:
1307:
1189:
916:
898:
862:
844:
707:
1932:
1915:
328:
spp.), thought to represent the ancestors of extinct Pleistocene-Holocene
27:
Fossil deposit from the Early Miocene period in Central Otago, New Zealand
699:
691:
683:
506:
422:
361:
313:
108:
1095:"Bone Hunters: The ancient lake revealing New Zealand's mysterious past"
1986:
933:
Scofield, R. Paul; Worthy, Trevor H. & Tennyson, Alan J.D. (2010).
614:
588:
502:
478:
in the same genus as modern diving petrels, the Miocene diving petrel (
467:
373:
151:
134:
and at other sites in the vicinity of the historic gold mining town of
92:
1942:
1884:
768:
180:, is known from there. The Miocene ecosystem was recovering from the ‘
1796:"Early Miocene fossil frogs (Anura: Leiopelmatidae) from New Zealand"
528:
384:
are ancient relatives of flamingos. The new species from St Bathans (
65:
938:
36:
Palaeontologists sieving St Bathans fossils in the Manuherikia River
170:. Of tree-dwelling birds, parrots outnumber pigeons thirty to one.
679:
662:
596:
592:
513:
486:
191:
159:
155:
100:
31:
72:(Altonian) period, with an age range of 19–16 million years ago.
1252:"Miocene Fossils Reveal Ancient Roots for New Zealand's Endemic
827:
Jones MEH; Tennyson AJD; Worthy JP; Evans SE; Worthy TH (2009).
580:
521:
267:
163:
139:
96:
560:, is known from these deposits, possibly similar to the modern
695:
303:
130:
The fossiliferous layer has been exposed at places along the
378:
remains poorly known as only a few fossils have been found.
138:. The fauna consists of a variety of vertebrates, including
460:), a relative of the plains-wanderer, and Sansom's plover (
666:
and the first record of this genus from the South Island.
403:
is a large fruit pigeon, possibly related to the modern
520:, and another bird of prey, similar in size to a small
208:, Adelaide. Other key scientists involved include
75:
The layer in which the fossils are found derives from
371:, has been found and is common. The dabbling duck
524:, have been found, but await formal description.
1142:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
409:species. The Zealandian dove is similar to the
1506:Worthy, Trevor H.; Lee, Michael S. Y. (2008).
660:in 2011. This was both the first known fossil
420:have been described. The St Bathans adzebill (
8:
1800:Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand
1457:Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand
937:. In W.E. Boles & T.H. Worthy. (eds.).
200:Research on the St Bathans fauna is led by
1941:
1931:
1819:
1572:
1531:
1435:
1362:
1297:
1279:
1179:
1161:
906:
852:
767:
232:. In 2016 Vanesa De Pietri was awarded a
1256:(Chiroptera) and its Rainforest Habitat"
674:Notable examples of absent taxa include
397:Two pigeon species have been described.
316:, while kiwi were then recent arrivals.
723:
230:Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
980:
978:
964:
954:
572:Herpetofauna (amphibians and reptiles)
1866:
1864:
1449:
1447:
1384:
1382:
356:and a further undescribed species of
7:
2027:Paleontological sites of New Zealand
1064:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1013:
1011:
1009:
1007:
928:
926:
876:
874:
872:
822:
820:
733:
731:
729:
727:
537:is represented by its sole species,
1844:"The New Zealand fossil revolution"
1642:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
740:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
617:. This suggests that New Zealand's
1745:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1693:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
1209:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
985:Guildford, Jonathan (8 May 2018).
833:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
68:prehistoric animals from the late
25:
943:. Vol. 62. pp. 89–104.
280:species. This bat fauna included
1574:10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1545
1561:Records of the Australian Museum
1533:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00778.x
1437:10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1546
1424:Records of the Australian Museum
949:10.3853/j.0067-1975.62.2010.1542
1069:Rawlence, Nic (19 March 2018).
799:Worthy, Trevor (Jan–Feb 2011).
1021:New Zealand Journal of Zoology
446:was no bigger than a sparrow.
1:
2032:Prehistoric fauna by locality
2022:Miocene paleontological sites
1920:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
1662:10.1080/14772019.2018.1432710
1033:10.1080/03014223.2017.1307235
606:up to 3 metres in length and
270:are also known, as well as a
241:University of New South Wales
1821:10.1080/03036758.2013.825300
1713:10.1080/02724634.2011.595857
1281:10.1371/journal.pone.0128871
1229:10.1080/02724634.2013.775950
568:species remain undescribed.
234:Royal Society of New Zealand
1965:Marshall, Bruce A. (2011).
702:, and all but one lineage (
204:, a New Zealander based in
2048:
1347:10.1038/s41598-017-18403-w
470:are seabirds in the order
423:Aptornis proasciarostratus
212:from Flinders University,
64:. It comprises a suite of
1765:10.1080/02724631003618033
1610:10.1007/s10336-011-0649-6
1477:10.1080/03014220809510549
760:10.1017/S1477201906001957
294:New Zealand's two modern
531:genera are represented.
245:University of Queensland
1163:10.1073/pnas.0605684103
710:) of the 80 species of
516:, similar in size to a
243:in Sydney and from the
162:, and several kinds of
2007:Fossils of New Zealand
1598:Journal of Ornithology
899:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0440
845:10.1098/rspb.2008.1785
805:New Zealand Geographic
712:Australian honeyeaters
587:similar to the modern
197:
44:is found in the lower
37:
1933:10.4202/app.2010.0127
1109:"Marsden Fund Update"
645:Aquatic invertebrates
564:. Two or three other
539:Heracles inexpectatus
480:Pelecanoides miokuaka
263:. Several species of
195:
188:History of excavation
46:Bannockburn Formation
35:
639:New Zealand grayling
1812:2013JRSNZ..43..211W
1757:2010JVPal..30..479W
1705:2011JVPal..31.1102W
1654:2019JSPal..17..423M
1524:2008Palgy..51..677W
1469:2008JRSNZ..38...97W
1339:2018NatSR...8..235H
1272:2015PLoSO..1028871H
1221:2013JVPal..33.1442H
1154:2006PNAS..10319419W
1148:(51): 19419–19423.
1116:Royalsociety.org.nz
839:(1660): 1385–1390.
752:2007JSPal...5....1W
653:, was described by
444:Priscaweka parvales
439:Litorallus livezeyi
433:Priscaweka parvales
387:Palaelodus aotearoa
206:Flinders University
18:Saint Bathans Fauna
2012:Geography of Otago
1987:10.11646/mr.31.1.7
1975:Molluscan Research
1967:"A new species of
1327:Scientific Reports
637:, and the extinct
557:Kuiornis indicator
518:wedge-tailed eagle
501:. The former is a
392:Palaelodus wilsoni
237:Marsden Fast Start
198:
182:Oligocene drowning
176:, a basal form of
38:
1885:10.1643/CH-10-113
1404:978-3-902421-82-1
1205:Worthy, Trevor H.
651:Latia manuherikia
458:Hakawai melvillei
360:. One species of
261:St Bathans mammal
222:Canterbury Museum
132:Manuherikia River
50:Manuherikia Group
16:(Redirected from
2039:
1991:
1990:
1962:
1956:
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1911:
1905:
1904:
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1855:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1823:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1699:(5): 1102–1116.
1688:
1682:
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1636:
1630:
1629:
1593:
1587:
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1215:(6): 1442–1448.
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790:
789:
771:
735:
552:New Zealand wren
498:Matuku otagoense
492:Pikaihao bartlei
472:Procellariformes
394:from Australia.
218:Vanesa De Pietri
148:rhynchocephalian
125:southern beeches
42:St Bathans fauna
21:
2047:
2046:
2042:
2041:
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1320:
1319:
1315:
1266:(6): e0128871.
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1202:
1201:
1197:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1121:
1119:
1111:
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1097:. 25 June 2023.
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887:Biology Letters
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793:
737:
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720:
672:
647:
627:
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462:Neilus sansomae
454:plains-wanderer
450:Charadriiformes
292:
253:
190:
150:(a relative of
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2045:
2043:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1992:
1957:
1926:(2): 319–350.
1906:
1860:
1835:
1806:(4): 211–230.
1786:
1751:(2): 479–498.
1734:
1683:
1648:(5): 423–449.
1631:
1604:(3): 669–680.
1588:
1547:
1518:(3): 677–708.
1498:
1443:
1430:(1): 105–114.
1410:
1403:
1378:
1313:
1242:
1195:
1128:
1100:
1086:
1054:
1027:(3): 177–211.
1003:
974:
965:|journal=
922:
893:(6): 833–837.
868:
816:
801:"Deep secrets"
791:
722:
721:
719:
716:
671:
668:
658:Bruce Marshall
646:
643:
626:
623:
573:
570:
509:(the herons).
411:Nicobar pigeon
369:sanctibathansi
291:
288:
277:incertae sedis
252:
249:
189:
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95:habitats with
26:
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14:
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1512:Palaeontology
1509:
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1463:(2): 97–114.
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585:sphenodontian
582:
579:
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544:Nelepsittacus
540:
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494:
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476:diving petrel
473:
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436:and uncommon
435:
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430:: the common
429:
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247:in Brisbane.
246:
242:
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235:
231:
227:
226:Alan Tennyson
223:
219:
215:
214:Paul Scofield
211:
207:
203:
202:Trevor Worthy
194:
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166:, especially
165:
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98:
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91:
87:
83:
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77:littoral zone
73:
71:
70:Early Miocene
67:
63:
59:
55:
54:Central Otago
51:
47:
43:
34:
30:
19:
2017:Lagerstätten
1978:
1974:
1968:
1960:
1923:
1919:
1909:
1879:(1): 72–76.
1876:
1872:
1852:. Retrieved
1850:. 2017-11-07
1847:
1838:
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1634:
1601:
1597:
1591:
1567:(1): 77–88.
1564:
1560:
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1501:
1460:
1456:
1427:
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1259:
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804:
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743:
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673:
661:
655:malacologist
650:
648:
628:
619:herpetofauna
578:leiopelmatid
575:
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329:
323:
318:
307:
298:clades, the
293:
281:
275:
274:and several
259:mammal, the
254:
210:Jenny Worthy
199:
171:
129:
74:
58:South Island
41:
39:
29:
746:(1): 1–39.
670:Absent taxa
601:mekosuchine
489:are known:
382:Palaelodids
358:Manuherikia
352:Dunstanneta
347:M. douglasi
337:Manuherikia
320:Anseriforms
296:palaeognath
144:crocodilian
115:as well as
84:containing
62:New Zealand
2001:Categories
1943:2440/75818
1854:2024-09-17
1333:(1): 235.
1203:Hand, SJ;
1122:2022-03-28
1080:2019-04-28
810:2019-11-15
769:2440/43360
718:References
676:marsupials
612:meiolaniid
608:pleurodire
418:Gruiformes
367:Miotadorna
339:lacustrina
331:Cnemiornis
309:Proapteryx
272:vesper bat
257:theriiform
173:Proapteryx
168:waterbirds
136:St Bathans
121:araucarias
105:casuarinas
86:herbaceous
82:floodplain
66:fossilised
1981:: 47–52.
1952:0567-7920
1893:0045-8511
1830:0303-6758
1773:0272-4634
1721:0272-4634
1670:1477-2019
1618:1439-0361
1583:0067-1975
1542:1475-4983
1485:0303-6758
1397:: 63–80.
1355:2045-2322
1290:1932-6203
1254:Mystacina
1172:0027-8424
1041:0301-4223
967:ignored (
957:cite book
778:1477-2019
704:bellbirds
700:cockatoos
690:lizards,
635:galaxiids
604:crocodile
566:passerine
406:Hemiphaga
400:Rupephaps
376:enrightii
343:M. minuta
325:Cereopsis
283:Vulcanops
265:mystacine
228:from the
117:podocarps
109:eucalypts
99:-forming
56:, in the
1901:84241716
1781:85994536
1729:86361015
1678:90809776
1626:37555861
1493:84743704
1373:29321543
1308:26083758
1260:PLOS ONE
1237:85925160
1190:17159151
1075:Sciblogs
1049:90635192
917:19656857
863:19203920
786:85230857
692:lungfish
562:rifleman
534:Heracles
507:Ardeidae
416:Several
362:shelduck
314:Cenozoic
1808:Bibcode
1753:Bibcode
1701:Bibcode
1650:Bibcode
1520:Bibcode
1465:Bibcode
1364:5762892
1335:Bibcode
1299:4470663
1268:Bibcode
1217:Bibcode
1181:1697831
1150:Bibcode
908:2827994
854:2660973
748:Bibcode
688:varanid
631:bullies
615:turtles
589:tuatara
503:bittern
468:Petrels
374:Matanas
251:Mammals
152:tuatara
93:wetland
48:of the
1950:
1899:
1891:
1873:Copeia
1828:
1779:
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905:
861:
851:
784:
776:
684:agamid
680:snakes
597:skinks
595:, and
593:geckos
529:parrot
487:herons
224:, and
160:skinks
156:geckos
90:grassy
1969:Latia
1897:S2CID
1777:S2CID
1725:S2CID
1674:S2CID
1622:S2CID
1489:S2CID
1233:S2CID
1112:(PDF)
1045:S2CID
996:8 May
991:Stuff
782:S2CID
663:Latia
581:frogs
514:eagle
428:rails
290:Birds
220:from
164:birds
113:palms
101:swamp
1948:ISSN
1889:ISSN
1877:2011
1826:ISSN
1769:ISSN
1717:ISSN
1666:ISSN
1614:ISSN
1579:ISSN
1538:ISSN
1481:ISSN
1399:ISBN
1369:PMID
1351:ISSN
1304:PMID
1286:ISSN
1186:PMID
1168:ISSN
1037:ISSN
998:2018
969:help
913:PMID
859:PMID
774:ISSN
706:and
696:eels
686:and
625:Fish
610:and
583:, a
527:Two
522:hawk
512:One
495:and
302:and
300:kiwi
268:bats
216:and
178:kiwi
146:, a
142:, a
140:fish
123:and
111:and
97:peat
88:and
40:The
1983:doi
1938:hdl
1928:doi
1881:doi
1848:RNZ
1816:doi
1761:doi
1709:doi
1658:doi
1606:doi
1602:152
1569:doi
1528:doi
1473:doi
1432:doi
1359:PMC
1343:doi
1294:PMC
1276:doi
1225:doi
1176:PMC
1158:doi
1146:103
1029:doi
945:doi
903:PMC
895:doi
849:PMC
841:doi
837:276
764:hdl
756:doi
708:tūī
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304:moa
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