Landing at Saidor - Knowledge

1380:(ANGAU) detachment, initially consisting of eight Australian Army officers and eleven native police. A week after the landing, 199 native labourers were brought in from Lae. Initially, the ANGAU detachment found it difficult to lure the frightened local people in from the bush, but as the word spread that there was food and safety to be had within the American perimeter, large numbers began to walk in. ANGAU established a native settlement in the Biding River area. By 13 February, 680 native labourers were at work. They constructed camps for the Americans, carried supplies to units in the mountains and brought back the wounded, and worked in the hospital. ANGAU also carried out patrols, providing intelligence on the Japanese positions. 990: 1199:

by cold and hunger. At times they had to make ropes out of vines and rattan and adopt "rock-climbing" methods; or they crawled and slipped on the steep slopes; or on the waterless mountain roads they cut moss in their potatoes and steamed them. In this manner, for three months, looking down at the enemy beneath their feet, they continued their move. Another thing which made the journey difficult was the valley streams, which were not usually very dangerous. At times, however, there was a violent squall, for which the Finisterres are famous during the rainy season; then these valley streams for the time being flowed swiftly and became cataracts. Then there were many people drowned ... Lieutenant General

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changed at the last minute and both divisions took the inland route. Additional rations and supplies were to be delivered by submarine. However, the 51st Division elected to move out rather than wait for the submarines and risk exhausting its rations through waiting. The 51st Division had experience crossing the mountains before, and Nakano was confident of its ability to negotiate them. In the event, one submarine was discovered by Allied aircraft and failed to reach its objective, while a second was discovered and sunk. A third got through but it was a small type that was only able to carry five tons of supplies, which were distributed among units of the 20th Division.

250: 205: 194: 147: 295: 217: 694:. For the Japanese soldiers involved, the march was a nightmare, as they struggled through the jungles, across the swollen rivers, and over cliffs and mountains. Men succumbed to fatigue, disease, starvation, drowning, and even exposure, the nights in the Finisterres being bitterly cold. Hampered by the rugged terrain, inclement weather, signal failures, misunderstandings, over-caution, and above all the resolute and resourceful Japanese, US troops were unable to prevent large numbers of the retreating Japanese from slipping past them. 173: 272: 159: 1295: 1225:

passed through before 6 February. From prisoners of war, the Michaelmas Task Force built up a fairly complete and accurate picture of the identity and strength of the opposing Japanese forces. On 12 January, Martin received intelligence from Alamo Force to the effect that the Japanese were concentrating around Sio, and would attempt to force their way through to Madang. In response to a request from Martin for reinforcements, the 1st and 3rd Battalion Combat Teams of the

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eastward, made this effort fall short of success". Australian commanders were critical. In a letter to Blamey, Berryman, who had visited Krueger in an attempt to ensure that the Japanese would not escape, wrote that "about 8,000 semi-starved, ill-equipped and dispirited Japanese bypassed Saidor. It was disappointing that the fruits of victory were not fully reaped, and that once again the remnants of the 51st Division escaped our clutches." Lieutenant General Sir

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The 808th Engineer Aviation Battalion had to be assigned to road work, the task being beyond the resources of the Shore Battalion. Gravel was laid up to 2 ft (60 cm) thick. By late January, the weather and damage to the roads by heavy military traffic forced the engineers to impose a ban on morning road use. By midday the sun had dried out the roads and traffic could resume.

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January, the rest of B Company, 542nd Engineer Boat and Shore Regiment was sent to Saidor. A 100 ft (30 m) lighter wharf was begun on 19 January and completed on 5 March. The unseasoned local timber used in its construction soon took a battering from heavily loaded barges bumping into them in high seas and had to be replaced with steel piles. A 330 ft (100 m)

54: 1186:'s Australian 7th Division in the Finisterres. The Nakai force deployed along the Mot River around Gambumi. It succeeded in repelling American attempts to cross the river until 21 February, when it withdrew, its mission complete. However, weakening the Finisterres front provoked an Australian attack, resulting in the loss of the entire Kankirei position. 925:, and only 1,500 more between there and the Madang area. They estimated that if the Japanese decided to counter-attack at Saidor, they would take a week to bring up 3,000 men. Accordingly, Martin elected to dispense with a preliminary aerial bombardment. Removing this requirement permitted a dawn landing. 947:(LCIs). A last minute hitch developed on 30 December when it was discovered that only nine APDs would be available. New embarkation tables were drawn up, shifting personnel not required in the assault waves to LCIs, and the landing schedule was revised in the light of the reduced number of landing craft. 1373:

water. To open up the most suitable area for camp sites, another bridge had to be erected over the Nakina. This was a permanent bridge with concrete abutments. A rise in the river level of 8 ft (2.4 m) complicated work, but the 112 ft (34 m) bridge opened to traffic on 17 February.

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In the Australian 5th Division's advance from Sio to Saidor between 20 January and the end of February, 734 Japanese were killed, 1,793 found dead, and 48 Japanese prisoners were taken. Australian and Papuan casualties came to 3 killed and 5 wounded. The US 32nd Infantry Division at Saidor killed 119

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Gordon M. Clarkson, of the situation, and they quickly assembled a party to go to Hess's aid. They reached the river as Hess was attempting to swim across with a rope, but was being swept downstream, and formed a human chain to grab him. At that point, a Japanese machine gun opened fire on the rescue

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George J. Hess and James E. Barnett, with 48 enlisted men, set out to reconnoitre the area around Cape Iris. The patrol initially moved parallel to the coast, but near the village of Teterei it changed direction and headed towards the beach. On reaching it, the patrol was attacked by the Japanese. It

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Krueger reported that "Michaelmas Task Force tried hard to block these escape routes. But the torrential rain, the ruggedness of the country with its impenetrable rain forests and jungles and impassable rivers, and the resistance of enemy troops pushed forward from Madang to guard the trails leading

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The threat of enemy counter-attacks which had been further magnified by native reports, had already delayed the transition from the defensive to the offensive and the torrential rains, which rendered all tracks and rivers impassable caused great difficulty with the movement of troops and supplies to

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The most wearing part was that with these ranges, when they climbed to the craggy summit they had to descend and then climb again, and the mountains seemed to continue indefinitely, until they were at the extreme of exhaustion. Especially when they trod the frost of Nokobo Peak they were overwhelmed

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Nakano organised the withdrawal of his force. He chose two routes, one following the coast and the other running along the ridge lines of the foothills of the Finisterres. Initially, the 20th Division was to take the coastal route while the 51st and some naval units took the inland one, but this was

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in one 10,000-barrel (~1,400 t) tank and five 2,000-barrel (~270 t) tanks. A fuel jetty was constructed, allowing tankers to discharge into a pipeline which ran over a catwalk to the storage tanks. Work was completed on 8 April. Considerable effort had to be expended on road construction.

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American patrols which attempted to reach the track in the Sindaman area encountered aggressive Japanese patrols. An observation post in the mountains at Mambit counted 965 Japanese troops passing through Yagoyoga between 6 and 10 February and 2,613 between 11 and 23 February. Perhaps another 1,000

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exposed. This was a serious error, as from 10 to 31 January there were only three days during which it did not rain, and 25 in (640 mm) of rain fell over the period—quite normal for the time of year. As a result, construction was delayed. Gravel was taken from the Nankina River which was

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recommended in August 1943 that an intermediate objective be seized first. Saidor was chosen as it had accessible beaches, a harbour, and a pre-war airstrip, and it was allocated the codename "Michaelmas" by MacArthur's General Headquarters (GHQ). It was recognised that the capture of Saidor might

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Initially, the Nankina River could be forded but the heavy seasonal rains turned it into a fast-flowing torrent. A portable bridge was flown in from Milne Bay and erected in a day but it took two weeks to construct the approaches. In the meantime the troops on the other side had to be supplied by

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Victor L. Olson and fatally wounding Clarkson. Sergeant Thomas Reed managed to drag Clarkson away, but he died soon after. The rescue party was forced to withdraw. Eight of the 14 men in Hess's group, including Hess, were able to reach American lines during the night. Eight Americans were killed,

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loaded with ammunition to land on 11 January. Alamo Force wanted an all-weather runway 6,000 ft (1,800 m) by 100 ft (30 m), preferably where a second, parallel runway could be constructed if need be. Construction of the second runway was requested by the Fifth Air Force on 24

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The amphibian engineers had brought six LCMs on the first day. These were joined by another six towed by the six LSTs that arrived on the second day. Within days the rocky beaches and reefs had caused nine to be damaged so badly that they had to be sent back to Cape Cretin for repairs. Later in

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The first troops reached Madang on 8 February, and the whole movement was complete by 23 February. Eighteenth Army anticipated that units reaching Madang, would probably have lost much of their equipment, as was indeed the case, so stores were gathered together from distant Wewak and Hansa, and

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and a driver were borrowed from the 114th Engineer Battalion to provide transportation. The officers did not know each other and therefore were unaware of each other's capabilities. As it turned out, none of them had experience with amphibious operations, and only one had experience in airbase

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All six LSTs were unloaded by 11:45. There was little opposition. Eleven Japanese soldiers were killed by the naval bombardment or assault troops. Perhaps as many as 150 transient Japanese troops were in the Saidor area, all of whom fled into the interior. American casualties on the day of the

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The mission of Michaelmas Task Force was to (1) seize the Saidor area; (2) establish facilities for a fighter group; (3) assist in the establishment of air forces in the area; (4) assist in the establishment of light naval forces in the area; and (5) construct minimal port and base facilities.

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assured MacArthur that enough supplies would be delivered, and MacArthur overruled Krueger. "I am most anxious that if humanly possible this operation take place as scheduled," MacArthur informed him, "Its capture will have a vital strategic effect which will be lost if materially postponed."

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was received on 22 January to the effect that this was not consistent with Krueger's wishes. On 8 February, Martin received a garbled radiogram from Krueger that indicated that the earlier restrictive message of 22 January had itself been garbled, and on 9 February a radiogram was received

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We have seized Saidor on the north coast of New Guinea. In a combined operation of ground, sea and air forces, elements of the Sixth Army landed at three beaches under cover of heavy air and naval bombardment. The enemy was surprised both strategically and tactically and the landings were

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Saidor was soon in use by the Fifth Air Force. Its base at Nadzab was surrounded by mountains and was therefore unsuited for missions that had to take off after dark, but there was no such problem at Saidor. During March, B-24 Liberator bombers staged through Saidor for night attacks on

1345:. The runway was declared ready for emergency landings on 4 February but the surface deteriorated under use. The runway was finally completed on 6 March. Construction of the taxiways and dispersal areas continued through April, with the airbase being complete and in operation on 7 May. 1434:

reported to Blamey that Michaelmas Task Force appeared not to have made "any appreciable effort" to cut off the retreating Japanese. Sadly for the men of the 32nd Infantry Division, many of these Japanese would later have to be fought again under less advantageous circumstances in the

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Divisions should attack Saidor or slip past it and join up with the rest of the Eighteenth Army at Wewak. In view of the poor condition of the 20th and 51st Divisions, Imamura relieved the Eighteenth Army of responsibility for the Sio area and ordered Adachi to withdraw to Madang.

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from 06:50 to 07:05 to provide more light for the naval bombardment, and then to 07:25 to allow the landing craft more time to form up. The destroyers fired 1,725 5-inch rounds, while rocket-equipped LCIs fired 624 4.5-inch rockets. There was no concurrent aerial bombardment, but

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Adachi had flown from Madang to the 51st Division's headquarters at Kiari in late December, and he received word of the landing at Saidor shortly before heading overland to the 20th Division's headquarters at Sio, where he received Imamura's orders. He placed Lieutenant General

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outlying sectors. Japanese units, brought from Madang, blocked access to the main escape routes, and although the task force pushed its attacks and patrolled vigorously, efforts to prevent the escape of the Japs retiring before the Australians were not completely successful.

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Since October 1943, the Japanese strategy had been to conduct a fighting withdrawal in the face of MacArthur's advance that would "trade position, to the end that the enemy offensive will be crushed as far forward as possible under the accumulation of losses". At

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were sent to reinforce Saidor, arriving on 16 January. Martin came to believe that an advance to the east and an attack on the withdrawing enemy would "provide an opportunity to destroy the Japanese before they could organise an attack on the Saidor position".

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Saidor had an existing grass civilian airstrip. Before they had abandoned it in 1942, Australian troops had sabotaged the airstrip by digging trenches across the runway. These were quickly filled in, and the overgrown Kunai grass was flattened by driving

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with a combination of airborne and amphibious assaults. However, it was a long way from Finschhafen to Madang—178 mi (286 km). Thinking in terms of a shore-to-shore operation, which would be limited in radius of action to the distance that

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in the Ramu Valley and his seaward left flank open to amphibious assault. That he had an opportunity to destroy Adachi's army was not lost on MacArthur, who decided on 10 December that Saidor should be seized on or about 7 January, provided that

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With a large construction programme, engineers made up 29.3% of Michaelmas Task Force. An Engineer Section headquarters was organised on 24 December 1943, only nine days before landing, consisting of five officers and five enlisted men. Later a

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operation. On 20 January, a visiting staff officer from Alamo Force was asked to raise the possibility with Krueger. However, on 21 January Martin received a letter stating that the mission of the Michaelmas Task Force remained unchanged and a

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attempted to withdraw along the beach, but found it blocked and was forced to return to the beach near Teterei. The patrol then divided into three groups, which attempted to make their way back through the jungle. The groups under Barnett and

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of the 51st Division in overall command of the forces east of Saidor and ordered the 41st Division to move from Wewak to Madang to defend that area. He then departed for Madang by submarine. To harass Saidor, he withdrew eight companies from

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accomplished without loss. The harbour and airfields are in our firm grasp. Enemy forces on the north coast between Sixth Army and the advancing Australians are trapped with no source of supply and face disintegration and destruction.

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The difficulty of the march had been underestimated, and sick and wounded men had to make their way through trackless regions. Lieutenant General Kane Yoshihara, the Chief of Staff of the Eighteenth Army, recalled the march:

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Krueger did not immediately give Martin permission for such an operation. There was still the possibility of Japanese attack, and the 32nd Infantry Division was required for the upcoming

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collected together near Madang. In addition emergency articles such as some food, shoes and clothing were collected near the mouth of the Minderi River, supplied by the Nakai Detachment.

2736: 1413:. A raid on Hollandia on 16 April 1944 encountered a weather front that closed Nadzab and the other fields in the Markham Valley. More than 30 aircraft made their way to Saidor. An 1268:

Aaron Meyers made it to the American lines. The one under Hess reached the Mot River, but were unable to cross due to the swift current. Meyers informed the battalion commander,

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was swept away by one of these streams on one occasion but fortunately managed to grasp the branch of a tree which was near the bank and was able to save one of his nine lives.

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There were daily clashes between American and Japanese patrols. The most significant occurred on 28 January. A patrol from the 1st Battalion, 128th Infantry Regiment led by

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on 5 December 1943. Adachi was in a difficult and precarious position, attempting to conduct a fighting withdrawal with his inland right flank vulnerable to attack from the

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including Clarkson, nine were wounded and six were missing, none of whom was seen alive again; 43 Japanese were reported killed. For this action, four men were awarded the

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prevented the early occupation of Saidor. The Japanese wrested back the initiative and threatened to derail MacArthur's strategy, but ultimately failed to dislodge the

1100:. The LCMs beached shortly before 08:30 and the LSTs soon after. The Shore Battalion, 542nd Engineer Boat and Shore Regiment laid Australian Reinforcing Company (ARC) 434: 1417:

and a B-25 Mitchell collided on the runway, and two aircraft cracked up on landing, but the other aircraft that made it to Saidor eventually returned to their bases.

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laid up to 0.7 ft (20 cm) deep and topped with crushed aggregate. The rains, and frequent rolling, gave a good water-bound surface. Part was sealed with

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The assault troops with their supplies and equipment had to be loaded on board the ships on 31 December 1943, just five days after the assault on Cape Gloucester.

2702: 1061:. The force arrived at Dekays Bay before dawn on 2 January 1944 to find the shore obscured by low hanging clouds and drizzling rain. Admiral Barbey postponed 701:

was surrounded by mountains and was therefore unsuited for missions that had to take off after dark, there was no such problem at Saidor. During March 1944,

663:. The capture of the airstrip at Saidor also allowed construction of an airbase to assist Allied air forces to conduct operations against Japanese bases at 1279: 1120:(Tony) fighters bombed the beach area at 1630. There were three more air raids during the night, and 49 over the course of the month, but most were small. 989: 1377: 333: 1226: 2658:. United States Army in World War II: The War in the Pacific. Washington, DC: Office of the Chief of Military History, Department of the Army. 1162: 1158: 848: 829: 550: 2535: 2496: 2584: 81: 427: 2750: 2486: 326: 1269: 810: 806: 2822: 2680: 2636: 2592:. United States Army in World War II: The War in the Pacific. Office of the Chief of Military History, U.S. Department of the Army. 2565: 2389: 1321: 979: 841: 763: 697:

After considerable construction effort in the face of wet weather, the airbase was completed and proved useful. Whereas the base at

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Following the landing at Saidor, the Japanese elected to retreat rather than fight, and withdrew over the foothills of the rugged

2827: 420: 896: 1400:, landings for LSTs, the 250-bed 23rd Field Hospital opened on 11 May, a quartermaster dump, and a staging area for 9,000. 1329:

January. The 8th Engineer Squadron survey detachment laid out a new runway oriented about 10° from the existing airstrip.

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forces in the South West Pacific Area. MacArthur's original Elkton III plan called for Australian troops to capture first

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would cooperate by exploitation along the coast, while the Australian 7th Division would contain Japanese forces in the

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authorising offensive action. Plans were immediately made but on 10 February contact was made with elements of the

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On 5 March, the engineers began construction of the bulk petroleum installation. Storage was provided for 20,000

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or prevent the occupation of the Finschhafen area. With the battle won, the 9th Division initiated a pursuit of

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Task Force Engineer Report – Michaelmas Task Force. United States Army Corps of Engineers Series X Box 58.

955: 944: 386: 2732: 2698: 2377: 922: 778: 676: 480: 371: 1294: 2741:. Reports of General MacArthur. Vol. II – Part I. United States Army Center of Military History. 1443:, of which Michaelmas was a part, on 10 February 1944. All that remained now was the final act of the 2620: 1088:(LCP(R)) from the APDs—arrived over the next 15 minutes. Each of the six LSTs in the assault towed a 1085: 1038: 1026: 940: 903: 837: 606: 565: 376: 2472:. Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 1 – Army. Volume VI. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. 855:

and had received six weeks' amphibious training in Australia and a further three weeks' training at

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Aerial view of shoreline of Saidor, New Guinea, showing LSTs unloading equipment on 2 January 1944.

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over it. By the afternoon of 4 January, 1,800 ft (550 m) of runway was ready for use. A

2601: 1101: 1050: 1020: 1013: 998: 936: 844: 786: 698: 632: 500: 209: 2767: 2631:. History of United States Naval Operations in World War II. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. 1092:(LCM) of the 2nd Engineer Special Brigade; two carried bulldozers, two carried rocket equipped 2771: 2742: 2708: 2686: 2676: 2659: 2642: 2632: 2593: 2571: 2561: 2541: 2531: 2510: 2502: 2492: 2473: 2444: 2414: 2395: 2385: 2365: 2345: 2325: 2305: 2288: 1183: 1044: 966: 833: 733: 721: 672: 656: 594: 2806: 2280: 1448: 1431: 1260: 1247:, which had relieved the 9th Division on 20 January. This closed the gap on the east flank. 1171: 1108:

landing came to one soldier killed and five wounded, and two sailors drowned. Nine Japanese

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wharf was completed on 6 May. Other construction activities included jetties for servicing

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but delays caused by the weather prevented it all being sealed before being overlaid with

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Bravery Above Blunder: The 9th Australian Division at Finschhafen, Sattelberg and Sio

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The Michaelmas Task Force engineers had the entire site stripped, leaving the

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Notably, it did not contain any explicit instruction to fight the Japanese.

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Principal Operations in the South West Pacific, January 1943 – January 1944.

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MacArthur's Amphibious Navy: Seventh Amphibious Force Operations, 1943–1945

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Japanese and captured 18, while losing 40 killed, 11 wounded, 16 missing.

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The first wave reached the shore at about 07:30. The first four waves of

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From Down Under to Nippon: The Story of the Sixth Army In World War II

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Australian and American troops meet near Saidor on 15 February 1944.

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Battles and operations of World War II involving Papua New Guinea

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construction, although this was to be their most important task.

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The difficulty of simultaneously supplying operations at Saidor,

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MacArthur announced the landing in his communiqué the next day:

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believed that there were no more than 4,500 Japanese forward of

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arrived on 9 January and improved the strip, permitting twelve

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The Australian official historian David Dexter concluded that:

671:. But MacArthur's immediate objective was to cut off the 6,000 416: 322: 774:. For the time being though, both were considered objectives. 753:

could sail in one night, the Commander of Allied Land Forces,

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bombers staged through Saidor for night attacks on Hollandia.

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Bismarck Archipelago 15 December 1943 – 27 November 1944

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The Pacific: Guadalcanal to Saipan, August 1942 to July 1944

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make that of Madang unnecessary, as both could cover the

1978:"Saidor – The 32d 'Red Arrow' Infantry Division in WWII" 651:. In Allied hands, Saidor was a stepping stone towards 2528:

General Walter Krueger: Unsung Hero of the Pacific War

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GHQ G-3 Journal, 21 December 1943, NACP: RG407 Box 610

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GHQ G-3 Journal, 10 December 1943, NACP: RG407 Box 610

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headquarters at Rabaul, the staff debated whether the

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Craven, Wesley Frank; Cate, James Lea, eds. (1950).

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to provide a roadway across the beach for vehicles.

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Battles of World War II involving the United States

2624: 1590: 1588: 2738:Japanese Operations in the Southwest Pacific Area 1009:The ships and landing craft were escorted by the 809:, was proceeding satisfactorily. On 17 December, 58:Troops of the 32nd Infantry Division near Saidor. 2530:. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. 2443:. Leavenworth papers. Combat Studies Institute. 2035: 2033: 1565:New Guinea Force Operational Instruction No. 108 1772: 1770: 1252: 1196: 1125: 34: 1756: 1754: 1535: 1533: 717:in late 1943 and early 1944 was dominated by 428: 334: 8: 2287:. Annapolis: United States Naval Institute. 2053: 2051: 2049: 1859: 1857: 1855: 1801:GHQ SWPA Communiqué No. 633, 3 January 1944. 2838:Battles of World War II involving Australia 1112:(Helen) aircraft, escorted by up to twenty 1081:bombed Saidor airstrip later that morning. 2858:South West Pacific theatre of World War II 435: 421: 413: 341: 327: 319: 52: 31: 2704:The Campaigns of MacArthur in the Pacific 2656:Strategy and Command: The First Two Years 2302:The 32d Infantry Division in World War II 2095: 2093: 1965:The 32d Infantry Division in World War II 1822: 1820: 1812:Strategy and Command: The First Two Years 1387:Engineers attempt to keep a road passable 1378:Australian New Guinea Administrative Unit 27:Allied amphibious landing of World War II 2797: 2673:The Third Force: ANGAU's New Guinea War 1842: 1840: 1838: 1836: 1468: 1922: 1920: 832:for the Saidor operation as it was at 70:2 January 1944 – 10 February 1944 1980:. 32d "Red Arrow" Veteran Association 1352:A Piper Cub observation plane arrives 849:126th Infantry Regimental Combat Team 7: 840:. The assistant division commander, 655:, the ultimate objective of General 1320:took off from it the next day. The 935:'s VII Amphibious Force allotted 6 2586:Cartwheel: The Reduction of Rabaul 2322:Organizations, Troops and Training 2165:The Pacific: Guadalcanal to Saipan 2152:The Pacific: Guadalcanal to Saipan 2000:Organizations, Troops and Training 1828:Cartwheel: The Reduction of Rabaul 1762:Cartwheel: The Reduction of Rabaul 1720:Cartwheel: The Reduction of Rabaul 1681:Cartwheel: The Reduction of Rabaul 1596:Cartwheel: The Reduction of Rabaul 1541:Cartwheel: The Reduction of Rabaul 1503:Cartwheel: The Reduction of Rabaul 1477:Cartwheel: The Reduction of Rabaul 25: 2300:Blakeley, Harold Whittle (1957). 1322:863rd Engineer Aviation Battalion 1086:Landing Craft, Personnel (Ramped) 980:Landing at Saidor order of battle 2800: 2560:. Lawrence, Kansas: Zenger Pub. 1849:, Volume II, Part I, pp. 240–241 1439:. Krueger officially terminated 1376:Local labour was supplied by an 293: 270: 248: 215: 203: 192: 171: 157: 145: 2509:. CMH Pub 72-24. Archived from 1141:Saidor Operation, January 1944. 836:but no longer required for the 2749:. CMH pub 13-1. Archived from 2627:Breaking the Bismarcks Barrier 2113:Report of Michaelmas Operation 1939:Report of Michaelmas Operation 1927:Report of Michaelmas Operation 1912:Report of Michaelmas Operation 1900:Report of Michaelmas Operation 1888:Report of Michaelmas Operation 1790:Report of Michaelmas Operation 1707:Breaking the Bismarcks Barrier 1655:Report of Michaelmas Operation 1643:Report of Michaelmas Operation 1609:Breaking the Bismarcks Barrier 1580:Report of Michaelmas Operation 1553:Report of Michaelmas Operation 1179:Masutaro Nakai's force facing 1005:observe the landing at Saidor. 1: 2362:Airfield and Base Development 2342:Amphibian Engineer Operations 2139:Airfield and Base Development 2126:Amphibian Engineer Operations 2085:Airfield and Base Development 2072:Amphibian Engineer Operations 2059:Airfield and Base Development 2041:Airfield and Base Development 2016:Airfield and Base Development 1746:Amphibian Engineer Operations 1733:Amphibian Engineer Operations 1525:Amphibian Engineer Operations 1212:Junction with the Australians 643:on 2 January 1944 as part of 2526:Holzimmer, Kevin C. (2007). 1847:Reports of General MacArthur 1631:MacArthur's Amphibious Navy 1280:Distinguished Service Cross 960:United States Seventh Fleet 2879: 977: 913:Maps were supplied by the 910:area by fighting patrols. 2583:Miller, John Jr. (1959). 2469:The New Guinea Offensives 2264:From Down Under to Nippon 2251:The New Guinea Offensives 2238:The New Guinea Offensives 2212:The New Guinea Offensives 2191:The New Guinea Offensives 2178:From Down Under to Nippon 1952:The New Guinea Offensives 1870:, Australian War Memorial 1490:The New Guinea Offensives 1437:Battle of Driniumor River 1155:Japanese Eighth Area Army 454: 362: 240: 227: 185: 138: 62: 51: 39: 2823:1944 in Papua New Guinea 1096:, and two carried spare 1090:Landing Craft Mechanized 794:Japanese Eighteenth Army 585:Neutralisation of Rabaul 551:Markham-Ramu-Finisterres 2828:Territory of New Guinea 1445:Huon Peninsula campaign 1245:Australian 5th Division 1227:128th Infantry Regiment 915:Australian Survey Corps 798:Australian 7th Division 783:Australian 9th Division 732:, the main base of the 715:South West Pacific Area 675:troops retreating from 661:Huon Peninsula campaign 353:Huon Peninsula campaign 2733:Willoughby, Charles A. 2699:Willoughby, Charles A. 2654:Morton, Louis (1962). 2225:Defending the Drinimor 1694:The Years of MacArthur 1668:General Walter Krueger 1388: 1353: 1299: 1257: 1221: 1205: 1142: 1130: 1006: 945:Landing Craft Infantry 891: 830:32nd Infantry Division 186:Commanders and leaders 2671:Powell, Alan (2003). 2621:Morison, Samuel Eliot 1778:Guadalcanal to Saipan 1386: 1351: 1297: 1219: 1140: 992: 978:Further information: 941:High speed transports 889: 828:Krueger selected the 779:Battle of Finschhafen 241:Casualties and losses 98:5.62500°S 146.47250°E 2607:on 27 September 2012 2485:Hirrel, Leo (1993). 997:, Brigadier General 863:, Lae, Finschhafen, 838:New Britain campaign 803:Operation Backhander 629:Operation Michaelmas 607:Bombing of Hollandia 446:New Guinea campaign 2863:January 1944 events 2853:Operation Cartwheel 2719:on 12 February 2009 2513:on 16 February 2009 1441:Operation Dexterity 937:Landing Ships, Tank 904:Australian II Corps 853:Battle of Buna–Gona 816:, the commander of 726:Operation Cartwheel 679:in the face of the 645:Operation Dexterity 103:-5.62500; 146.47250 93: / 2753:on 25 January 2008 1389: 1354: 1300: 1270:Lieutenant Colonel 1222: 1143: 1007: 999:Clarence A. Martin 897:Lieutenant General 892: 845:Clarence A. Martin 811:Lieutenant General 787:Lieutenant General 681:Australian advance 633:amphibious landing 612:Western New Guinea 210:Clarence A. Martin 2848:Conflicts in 1944 2766:Yoshihara, Kane. 2537:978-0-7006-1500-1 2498:978-0-16-042089-4 2281:Barbey, Daniel E. 2163:Craven and Cate, 2150:Craven and Cate, 1864:Yoshihara, Kane, 1776:Craven and Cate, 1449:capture of Madang 1261:First Lieutenants 1133:Japanese response 967:Thomas C. Kinkaid 842:Brigadier General 834:Goodenough Island 805:, the landing at 734:Imperial Japanese 722:Douglas MacArthur 673:Imperial Japanese 657:Douglas MacArthur 625:landing at Saidor 620: 619: 571:Bombing of Rabaul 491:Goodenough Island 410: 409: 317: 316: 134: 133: 35:Landing at Saidor 16:(Redirected from 2870: 2805: 2804: 2803: 2796: 2786: 2784: 2782: 2762: 2760: 2758: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2715:. Archived from 2694: 2667: 2650: 2630: 2616: 2614: 2612: 2606: 2600:. Archived from 2591: 2579: 2549: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2481: 2459: 2457: 2455: 2442: 2429: 2427: 2425: 2403: 2373: 2353: 2333: 2313: 2296: 2267: 2260: 2254: 2247: 2241: 2234: 2228: 2221: 2215: 2208: 2202: 2187: 2181: 2174: 2168: 2161: 2155: 2148: 2142: 2135: 2129: 2122: 2116: 2110: 2104: 2097: 2088: 2081: 2075: 2068: 2062: 2055: 2044: 2037: 2028: 2025: 2019: 2012: 2003: 1996: 1990: 1989: 1987: 1985: 1974: 1968: 1961: 1955: 1948: 1942: 1936: 1930: 1924: 1915: 1909: 1903: 1897: 1891: 1885: 1879: 1878: 1877: 1875: 1861: 1850: 1844: 1831: 1824: 1815: 1808: 1802: 1799: 1793: 1787: 1781: 1774: 1765: 1758: 1749: 1742: 1736: 1729: 1723: 1716: 1710: 1703: 1697: 1696:, Vol II, p. 346 1690: 1684: 1677: 1671: 1664: 1658: 1652: 1646: 1640: 1634: 1627: 1621: 1618: 1612: 1605: 1599: 1592: 1583: 1577: 1568: 1562: 1556: 1550: 1544: 1537: 1528: 1521: 1515: 1512: 1506: 1499: 1493: 1486: 1480: 1473: 1432:New Guinea Force 1290:Base development 1172:Hidemitsu Nakano 1001:, and Brigadier 995:Daniel E. Barbey 933:Daniel E. Barbey 713:Fighting in the 692:Finisterre Range 641:Papua New Guinea 631:, was an Allied 539:2nd Lae-Salamaua 471:1st Lae-Salamaua 466:Battle of Rabaul 449: 447: 437: 430: 423: 414: 357: 356: 354: 343: 336: 329: 320: 310:1,793 found dead 298: 297: 275: 274: 253: 252: 220: 219: 208: 207: 197: 196: 181: 177: 175: 174: 163: 161: 160: 151: 149: 148: 120:Papua New Guinea 117: 116: 114: 113: 112: 110: 105: 104: 99: 94: 91: 90: 89: 86: 64: 63: 56: 32: 21: 2878: 2877: 2873: 2872: 2871: 2869: 2868: 2867: 2813: 2812: 2811: 2801: 2799: 2791: 2789: 2780: 2778: 2765: 2756: 2754: 2731: 2722: 2720: 2697: 2683: 2670: 2653: 2639: 2619: 2610: 2608: 2604: 2589: 2582: 2568: 2554:Krueger, Walter 2552: 2538: 2525: 2516: 2514: 2499: 2484: 2462: 2453: 2451: 2440: 2434:Drea, Edward J. 2432: 2423: 2421: 2406: 2392: 2376: 2356: 2336: 2316: 2299: 2279: 2275: 2270: 2261: 2257: 2248: 2244: 2235: 2231: 2222: 2218: 2209: 2205: 2188: 2184: 2175: 2171: 2162: 2158: 2149: 2145: 2136: 2132: 2123: 2119: 2111: 2107: 2101:The Third Force 2098: 2091: 2082: 2078: 2069: 2065: 2056: 2047: 2038: 2031: 2026: 2022: 2013: 2006: 1997: 1993: 1983: 1981: 1976: 1975: 1971: 1962: 1958: 1949: 1945: 1937: 1933: 1925: 1918: 1910: 1906: 1898: 1894: 1886: 1882: 1873: 1871: 1863: 1862: 1853: 1845: 1834: 1825: 1818: 1809: 1805: 1800: 1796: 1788: 1784: 1775: 1768: 1759: 1752: 1743: 1739: 1730: 1726: 1717: 1713: 1704: 1700: 1691: 1687: 1678: 1674: 1665: 1661: 1653: 1649: 1641: 1637: 1628: 1624: 1619: 1615: 1606: 1602: 1593: 1586: 1578: 1571: 1563: 1559: 1551: 1547: 1538: 1531: 1522: 1518: 1513: 1509: 1500: 1496: 1487: 1483: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1457: 1428:Leslie Morshead 1423: 1406: 1292: 1273:party, killing 1214: 1151:Hitoshi Imamura 1135: 1071:B-24 Liberators 1068:Fifth Air Force 987: 982: 976: 826: 807:Cape Gloucester 711: 621: 616: 450: 445: 443: 441: 411: 406: 358: 352: 350: 349: 347: 313: 292: 288: 269: 247: 214: 202: 201: 191: 172: 170: 169: 158: 156: 155: 146: 144: 122: 108: 106: 102: 100: 96: 95: 92: 87: 84: 82: 80: 79: 57: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 2876: 2874: 2866: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2815: 2814: 2810: 2809: 2788: 2787: 2763: 2729: 2695: 2681: 2668: 2651: 2637: 2617: 2580: 2566: 2550: 2536: 2523: 2497: 2482: 2460: 2430: 2404: 2390: 2374: 2360:, ed. (1951). 2358:Casey, Hugh J. 2354: 2340:, ed. (1959). 2338:Casey, Hugh J. 2334: 2320:, ed. (1949). 2318:Casey, Hugh J. 2314: 2297: 2276: 2274: 2271: 2269: 2268: 2255: 2242: 2229: 2216: 2203: 2182: 2169: 2156: 2154:, pp. 591, 596 2143: 2130: 2117: 2105: 2089: 2076: 2063: 2045: 2029: 2020: 2004: 1991: 1969: 1956: 1943: 1931: 1916: 1904: 1892: 1880: 1867:Southern Cross 1851: 1832: 1816: 1803: 1794: 1782: 1766: 1750: 1737: 1724: 1711: 1698: 1685: 1672: 1659: 1647: 1635: 1622: 1613: 1600: 1584: 1569: 1557: 1545: 1529: 1516: 1507: 1494: 1481: 1467: 1465: 1462: 1456: 1453: 1422: 1419: 1405: 1404:Air operations 1402: 1326:C-47 Skytrains 1291: 1288: 1275:Staff Sergeant 1213: 1210: 1134: 1131: 1118:Kawasaki Ki-61 1110:Nakajima Ki-49 1075:B-25 Mitchells 1003:Ronald Hopkins 986: 983: 975: 972: 943:(APDs) and 17 900:Frank Berryman 825: 822: 814:Walter Krueger 792:'s retreating 768:Vitiaz Straits 744:, and finally 710: 707: 703:B-24 Liberator 618: 617: 615: 614: 609: 604: 597: 592: 587: 581: 580: 578: 574: 573: 568: 563: 561:Huon Peninsula 558: 553: 548: 541: 536: 529: 524: 518: 517: 515: 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1970: 1967:, pp. 141–146 1966: 1960: 1957: 1953: 1947: 1944: 1940: 1935: 1932: 1928: 1923: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1908: 1905: 1901: 1896: 1893: 1889: 1884: 1881: 1869: 1868: 1860: 1858: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1843: 1841: 1839: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1823: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1807: 1804: 1798: 1795: 1791: 1786: 1783: 1779: 1773: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1757: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1741: 1738: 1735:, pp. 205–206 1734: 1728: 1725: 1721: 1715: 1712: 1708: 1702: 1699: 1695: 1689: 1686: 1682: 1676: 1673: 1670:, pp. 122–123 1669: 1663: 1660: 1656: 1651: 1648: 1644: 1639: 1636: 1633:, pp. 126–127 1632: 1626: 1623: 1617: 1614: 1610: 1604: 1601: 1598:, pp. 297–298 1597: 1591: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1576: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1561: 1558: 1554: 1549: 1546: 1542: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1520: 1517: 1511: 1508: 1504: 1498: 1495: 1491: 1485: 1482: 1479:, pp. 214–215 1478: 1472: 1469: 1463: 1461: 1454: 1452: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1433: 1429: 1420: 1418: 1416: 1415:F-5 Lightning 1412: 1403: 1401: 1399: 1395: 1385: 1381: 1379: 1374: 1370: 1367: 1363: 1360:(~2,700 1359: 1350: 1346: 1344: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1314:2½-ton trucks 1309: 1306: 1296: 1289: 1287: 1285: 1281: 1276: 1271: 1267: 1262: 1256: 1251: 1248: 1246: 1241: 1236: 1231: 1228: 1218: 1211: 1209: 1204: 1202: 1201:Ryoichi Shoge 1195: 1191: 1187: 1185: 1182: 1181:Major General 1178: 1177:Major General 1173: 1167: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1149: 1139: 1132: 1129: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1105: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1082: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1069: 1064: 1060: 1059: 1054: 1053: 1048: 1047: 1042: 1041: 1036: 1035: 1030: 1029: 1024: 1023: 1018: 1017: 1012: 1004: 1000: 996: 993:Rear Admiral 991: 984: 981: 973: 971: 968: 965: 961: 957: 953: 948: 946: 942: 938: 934: 931: 926: 924: 920: 916: 911: 909: 905: 901: 898: 888: 884: 882: 878: 874: 870: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 843: 839: 835: 831: 823: 821: 819: 815: 812: 808: 804: 799: 795: 791: 790:Hatazō Adachi 788: 784: 780: 775: 773: 769: 765: 760: 759:Thomas Blamey 756: 752: 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pp. 12–16 1666:Holzimmer, 1284:Silver Star 1116:(Zeke) and 1098:diesel fuel 1079:A-20 Havocs 956:Long Island 939:(LSTs), 10 877:Cape Cretin 824:Preparation 818:Alamo Force 742:Finschhafen 685:Finschhafen 590:Admiralties 566:New Britain 387:Long Island 372:Finschhafen 307:66 captured 277:Australian: 101: / 88:146°28′21″E 46:Pacific War 2817:Categories 2757:8 December 2449:1222108721 2424:20 October 2273:References 1984:6 December 1963:Blakeley, 1455:Casualties 1421:Conclusion 1184:Alan Vasey 1011:destroyers 974:Operations 709:Background 556:Wewak Raid 377:Sattelberg 304:853 killed 265:16 missing 262:11 wounded 107: ( 85:05°37′30″S 2807:Australia 2776:222486142 2747:174861388 2735:(1994) . 2723:7 October 2713:909929342 2701:(1994) . 2664:670082999 2546:260122433 2370:220327037 2330:252371831 2293:654249892 2262:Krueger, 2176:Krueger, 1705:Morison, 1607:Morison, 1555:, pp. 1–2 1411:Hollandia 1318:Piper Cub 1240:radiogram 1235:Hansa Bay 1014:USS 881:Australia 879:, and in 857:Milne Bay 669:Hollandia 601:Take Ichi 545:Chronicle 496:Buna–Gona 486:Milne Bay 476:Coral Sea 300:Japanese: 285:5 wounded 259:40 killed 255:American: 165:Australia 2691:53173145 2647:47055285 2623:(1958). 2576:20253865 2556:(1953). 2507:31317889 2466:(1961). 2436:(1984). 2400:43736921 2380:(1999). 2350:16114793 2283:(1969). 2266:, p. 381 2253:, p. 770 2249:Dexter, 2240:, p. 787 2236:Dexter, 2214:, p. 764 2210:Dexter, 2189:Dexter, 2141:, p. 204 2128:, p. 211 2099:Powell, 2087:, p. 202 2061:, p. 201 1954:, p. 732 1950:Dexter, 1830:, p. 303 1826:Miller, 1814:, p. 552 1810:Morton, 1780:, p. 348 1764:, p. 302 1760:Miller, 1748:, p. 209 1722:, p. 300 1718:Miller, 1709:, p. 390 1683:, p. 299 1679:Miller, 1629:Barbey, 1611:, p. 389 1594:Miller, 1543:, p. 296 1539:Miller, 1527:, p. 201 1505:, p. 295 1501:Miller, 1492:, p. 714 1488:Dexter, 1475:Miller, 1398:PT boats 1334:subgrade 1266:Sergeant 1114:A6M Zero 1058:Hutchins 919:Brisbane 908:Bogadjim 869:Kiriwina 502:Lilliput 282:3 killed 228:Strength 75:Location 40:Part of 2598:1355535 2478:2028994 2419:5732980 2310:3465460 2180:, p. 38 2137:Casey, 2124:Casey, 2115:, p. 23 2083:Casey, 2070:Casey, 2057:Casey, 2039:Casey, 2014:Casey, 1998:Casey, 1941:, p. 14 1929:, p. 13 1914:, p. 12 1902:, p. 15 1792:, p. 16 1744:Casey, 1731:Casey, 1692:James, 1523:Casey, 1358:barrels 1339:bitumen 1148:General 1040:Flusser 1028:Drayton 985:Landing 861:Oro Bay 764:Dampier 755:General 740:, then 719:General 647:during 577:1944–45 508:Merauke 2793:Portal 2774: 2745: 2711: 2689: 2679: 2662: 2645: 2635: 2596: 2574: 2564: 2544: 2534: 2517:1 July 2505: 2495: 2476: 2454:16 May 2447: 2417: 2398: 2388: 2368: 2348: 2328: 2308: 2291: 2223:Drea, 1657:, p. 7 1645:, p. 5 1582:, p. 1 1447:: the 1063:H-Hour 1034:Lamson 875:, and 746:Madang 730:Rabaul 699:Nadzab 653:Madang 637:Saidor 595:Emirau 402:Madang 397:Saidor 233:13,000 176: 162: 150: 127:Result 109:Saidor 2605:(PDF) 2590:(PDF) 2441:(PDF) 1464:Notes 1366:avgas 1364:) of 1094:DUKWs 1052:Smith 1022:Mahan 1016:Beale 952:Arawe 873:Arawe 772:Wewak 683:from 665:Wewak 382:Wareo 236:6,000 179:Japan 2783:2008 2772:OCLC 2759:2006 2743:OCLC 2725:2006 2709:OCLC 2687:OCLC 2677:ISBN 2660:OCLC 2643:OCLC 2633:ISBN 2613:2015 2594:OCLC 2572:OCLC 2562:ISBN 2542:OCLC 2532:ISBN 2519:2010 2503:OCLC 2493:ISBN 2474:OCLC 2456:2017 2445:OCLC 2426:2006 2415:OCLC 2396:OCLC 2386:ISBN 2366:OCLC 2346:OCLC 2326:OCLC 2306:OCLC 2289:OCLC 2197:and 1986:2015 1876:2010 1305:jeep 1163:51st 1161:and 1159:20th 1102:mesh 1077:and 1055:and 1046:Reid 777:The 766:and 757:Sir 667:and 623:The 533:I-Go 514:1943 458:1942 67:Date 1430:of 1153:'s 923:Sio 902:'s 738:Lae 724:'s 677:Sio 659:'s 635:at 522:Wau 392:Sio 2819:: 2770:. 2685:. 2641:. 2570:. 2540:. 2501:. 2394:. 2092:^ 2048:^ 2032:^ 2007:^ 1919:^ 1854:^ 1835:^ 1819:^ 1769:^ 1753:^ 1587:^ 1572:^ 1532:^ 1451:. 1286:. 1073:, 1049:, 1043:, 1037:, 1031:, 1025:, 1019:, 962:, 954:, 883:. 871:, 867:, 687:. 639:, 118:, 44:, 2795:: 2785:. 2761:. 2727:. 2693:. 2666:. 2649:. 2615:. 2578:. 2548:. 2521:. 2480:. 2458:. 2428:. 2402:. 2372:. 2352:. 2332:. 2312:. 2295:. 2201:. 1988:. 1362:t 436:e 429:t 422:v 342:e 335:t 328:v 111:) 20:)

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Index