809:
802:
311:
264:(r. 1310โ1341) and his concubine mother, Narjis. Narjis also gave birth to Abu Bakr's younger full brothers Ramadan (died 1343) and Yusuf (died 1346). Information about Abu Bakr's early childhood is unavailable in the Mamluk sources. The first mention of Abu Bakr came in 1332. At that time, Abu Bakr had been sent to the desert fortress of
299:, in which Abu Bakr was dressed in the attire of an emir. At around the same time, an-Nasir Muhammad arranged Abu Bakr's marriage to a daughter of Emir Tuquzdamur al-Hamawi, who married Narjis sometime earlier. Later, during his 59-day reign as sultan, Abu Bakr also married two slave girls, spending 100,000 gold
405:, as sultan and became the Kujuk's regent. Meanwhile, dissent mounted against Qawsun in Syria and Cairo and he was ousted in a revolt, along with Kujuk. The new sultan, Abu Bakr's half-brother Ahmad, later had Qawsun and the governor of Qus (who apologized for killing Abu Bakr) executed in early 1342.
335:
that he apparently extorted from the inhabitants of al-Karak. He later returned to al-Karak where he remained until 17 July 1340. At that point, Anuk had been dropped as a potential successor by the sultan, who invited Abu Bakr back to Cairo. There, an-Nasir
Muhammad had his emirs swear an oath of
330:
of the province. By then, Ahmad had been dropped by an-Nasir
Muhammad as a potential successor. Anuk remained the sultan's favored son to replace him, but with Ahmad deemed unfit to rule, Abu Bakr became the runner-up. Sometime that year, Abu Bakr paid a visit to his father with a gift of 200,000
360:
and other troops. On 4 June 1341, while on his deathbed, an-Nasir
Muhammad had all of his emirs recognize the transfer of the sultanate to Abu Bakr in the event of his death. Moreover, he crowned Abu Bakr as "al-Malik al-Mansur", the title of the latter's grandfather, Sultan
386:, Abu Bakr was to solely play the role of a figurehead and not disturb the system created by his father. Thus, Abu Bakr's attempts to rule in his own right were consistently stymied by the emirs. Of the latter, the most prominent was Qawsun, who sought to become the
373:
Although Abu Bakr was made sultan, the reins of power were held by an-Nasir
Muhammad's senior emirs, chief among whom were his son-in-law Qawsun and Bashtak. According to historian Amalia Levanoni, Abu Bakr sought to restore the traditional concepts of
339:
Abu Bakr then set off for al-Karak until he was recalled to Cairo once more in 1341, arriving on 24 January. When he returned, he brought his father a sum of 100,000 dirhams, while an-Nasir
Muhammad issued another order recalling all of Abu Bakr's
236:(governor) of al-Karak in 1339. In June 1341, he became sultan, the first of several sons of an-Nasir Muhammad to accede to the throne. However, his reign was short-lived; in August, Abu Bakr was deposed and arrested by his father's senior emir,
390:(organizer of the state), in effect the strongman of the sultanate. After neutralizing Bashtak, his principal rival, Qawsun moved against Abu Bakr; Qawsun had feared that Abu Bakr would attempt to imprison him.
378:-master relations and the modes of hierarchical advancement set by his grandfather Qalawun and abrogate the growing independence of the emirs that developed under his father. However, the post-Qalawun
421:
Abu Bakr's mother and Sultan an-Nasir
Muhammad's concubine, Narjis, was married off by the sultan to Tuquzdamur al-Hamawi to consolidate networks of dependency and loyalty among the Mamluk elite.
808:
344:
and soldiers in al-Karak to Cairo. Abu Bakr remained in Cairo effectively to wait for his ailing father to die. In the months prior to an-Nasir
Muhammad's death, Abu Bakr was given a large
801:
751:
232:(r. 1310โ41), groomed him as a potential successor to the throne and made him an emir in 1335. He was consistently promoted in the following years, becoming the
401:. In November 1341, Abu Bakr was executed by the governor of Qus on orders from Qawsun. After his death, Qawsun installed Abu Bakr's infant half-brother,
393:
On 5 August 1341, Qawsun had Abu Bakr arrested on concocted charges of frivolity. Abu Bakr and six of his brothers were subsequently sent to prison in
272:
and
Ibrahim in their military training. Also during that year, Abu Bakr left al-Karak to accompany his father and half-brothers Anuk and Ahmad at
744:
248:, along with many of his brothers, and executed on Qawsun's orders two months later. He was formally succeeded by his younger half-brother,
1170:
945:
1078:
957:
643:
622:
909:
737:
365:(r. 1277โ90), and gave him Qalawun's sword. The throne was peacefully passed to Abu Bakr when an-Nasir Muhammad died on 7 June.
903:
269:
1108:
1066:
1185:
1180:
1054:
1132:
1042:
764:
670:
93:
382:
norms of conduct proved too resilient for Abu Bakr. In the view of the emirs and the low and middle-ranking
1175:
1084:
1018:
1006:
760:
706:
45:
1024:
350:(fief), his interests were put under the care of Emir Bashtak and he was transferred a large number of
1165:
1160:
951:
1114:
915:
1120:
1090:
1060:
590:
310:
635:
A Turning Point in Mamluk
History: The Third Reign of Al-Nฤแนฃir Muแธฅammad Ibn Qalฤwลซn (1310โ1341)
1036:
1030:
921:
885:
873:
855:
699:
639:
618:
261:
229:
166:
63:
610:
1072:
861:
849:
897:
831:
716:
611:"The Prince who Favored the Desert: Fragmentary Biography of al-Nasir Ahmad (d. 745/1344)"
249:
196:
73:
295:
and made an emir by his father. The event was marked by a royal procession, led by Emir
1012:
1000:
988:
963:
939:
933:
927:
284:
pilgrimage. However, an-Nasir
Muhammad had them return to al-Karak before the trek to
224:
in 1341. From an early age, Abu Bakr received military training in the desert town of
1154:
974:
817:
784:
662:
214:
156:
591:"The Sons of al-Nฤแนฃir Muแธฅammad and the Politics of Puppets: Where Did It All Start?"
17:
1138:
221:
1126:
398:
241:
1096:
879:
352:
729:
837:
315:
265:
225:
303:
for each of their bridal veils. In 1337/38, Abu Bakr was promoted to an
1102:
1048:
843:
825:
362:
151:
144:
139:
994:
982:
357:
332:
296:
237:
217:
633:
322:), where he gained military training and briefly served as governor.
867:
790:
778:
402:
309:
300:
292:
285:
277:
273:
184:
89:
604:(1). Middle East Documentation Center, The University of Chicago.
346:
314:
For several years, Abu Bakr was based in the desert fortress of
281:
130:
Al-Malik al-Mansur Sayf ad-Din Abu Bakr ibn Muhammad ibn Qalawun
733:
326:
Abu Bakr was sent back to al-Karak in 1339 to replace Ahmad as
394:
245:
105:
615:
Mamluks and Ottomans: Studies in Honour of Michael Winter
252:, but Qawsun was left as the strongman of the sultanate.
973:
816:
771:
260:Abu Bakr was born around 1321 to his sultan father
180:
172:
162:
150:
138:
124:
112:
99:
83:
79:
69:
59:
51:
44:
32:
613:. In Wasserstein, David J.; Ayalon, Ami (eds.).
745:
356:(immigrant, typically Mongol, soldiers) from
8:
553:
551:
208:
752:
738:
730:
653:
519:
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499:
497:
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29:
541:
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535:
533:
531:
529:
433:
414:
193:Al-Malik al-Mansur Sayf ad-Din Abu Bakr
121:
116:Daughter of Emir Tuquzdamur al-Hamawi
7:
213:), (ca. 1321 โ November 1341) was a
209:
200:
291:In 1335, Abu Bakr was recalled to
25:
240:. Abu Bakr was imprisoned in the
880:Rukn al-Din Baybars al-Jashnakir
807:
800:
201:ุงูู
ูู ุงูู
ูุตูุฑ ุณูู ุงูุฏูู ุฃุจู ุจูุฑ
910:Imad al-Din Abu'l Fida Isma'il
1:
1171:14th-century Mamluk sultans
55:7 June 1341 โ 5 August 1341
1202:
1055:Al-Aziz Jamal al-Din Yusuf
711:7 June 1341 โ August 1341
268:to join his half-brothers
798:
713:
707:Sultan of Egypt and Syria
704:
696:
691:
656:
632:Levanoni, Amalia (1995).
589:Bauden, Frรฉdรฉric (2009).
557:Levanoni 1995, pp. 79โ80.
336:allegiance to Abu Bakr.
129:
120:
46:Sultan of Egypt and Syria
37:
1043:Al-Nasir al-Din Muhammad
103:November 1341 (aged 20)
1085:Sayf al-Din Khushqadam
1007:Izz al-Din Abd al-Aziz
609:Drory, Joseph (2006).
481:Levanoni 1995, p. 187.
323:
946:Salah al-Din Muhammad
886:Nasir al-Din Muhammad
874:Nasir al-Din Muhammad
856:Nasir al-Din Muhammad
598:Mamluk Studies Review
313:
256:Early life and career
228:. His father, Sultan
1127:Sayf al-Din Tumanbay
1103:Sayf al-Din Qa'itbay
892:Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr
862:Zayn al-Din Kitbugha
838:Badr al-Din Salamish
832:Nasir al-Din Barakah
668:Cadet branch of the
18:Saif ad-Din Abu-Bakr
1079:Shihab al-Din Ahmad
1067:Fakhr al-Din Uthman
1049:Sayf al-Din Barsbay
952:Zayn al-Din Sha'ban
916:Sayf al-Din Sha'ban
904:Shihab al-Din Ahmad
850:Salah al-Din Khalil
844:Sayf al-Din Qalawun
826:Rukn al-Din Baybars
658:Al-Mansur Abu Bakr
523:Bauden 2009, p. 76.
507:Bauden 2009, p. 75.
472:Bauden 2009, p. 68.
463:Bauden 2009, p. 74.
443:Bauden 2009, p. 63.
307:(emir of forty ).
203:), better known as
1121:Al-Ashraf Janbalat
1091:Sayf al-Din Bilbay
1061:Sayf al-Din Jaqmaq
1025:Al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh
1019:Al-Musta'in Billah
1013:Nasir al-Din Faraj
1001:Nasir al-Din Faraj
995:Sayf al-Din Barquq
983:Sayf al-Din Barquq
964:Salah al-Din Hajji
934:Salah al-Din Salih
898:Ala'a al-Din Kujuk
868:Husam al-Din Lajin
575:Drory 2006, p. 25.
566:Drory 2006, p. 24.
545:Drory 2006, p. 20.
324:
276:and from there to
205:al-Mansur Abu Bakr
108:, Mamluk Sultanate
39:Al-Malik al-Mansur
33:Al-Mansur Abu Bakr
27:Al-Malik al-Mansur
1186:Qalawunid dynasty
1181:Executed monarchs
1148:
1147:
1109:An-Nasir Muhammad
1037:Sayf al-Din Tatar
1031:Al-Muzaffar Ahmad
940:Badr al-Din Hasan
928:Badr al-Din Hasan
922:Sayf al-Din Hajji
791:Sayf al-Din Qutuz
723:
722:
714:Succeeded by
700:An-Nasir Muhammad
388:mudabbir ad-dawla
262:an-Nasir Muhammad
230:an-Nasir Muhammad
190:
189:
167:An-Nasir Muhammad
134:
133:
64:An-Nasir Muhammad
16:(Redirected from
1193:
1133:Qansuh al-Ghawri
1115:Abu Sa'id Qansuh
1073:Sayf al-Din Inal
958:Ala'a al-Din Ali
811:
804:
779:Izz al-Din Aybak
754:
747:
740:
731:
697:Preceded by
687:
680:
671:Mamluk Sultanate
654:
649:
628:
605:
595:
576:
573:
567:
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558:
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482:
479:
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444:
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419:
212:
211:
202:
122:
94:Mamluk Sultanate
30:
21:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1144:
969:
812:
806:
805:
796:
767:
758:
727:
719:
717:Al-Ashraf Kujuk
710:
702:
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426:
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420:
416:
411:
371:
280:to perform the
258:
250:al-Ashraf Kujuk
210:ุงูู
ูุตูุฑ ุฃุจู ุจูุฑ
104:
88:
74:Al-Ashraf Kujuk
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1199:
1197:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
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1152:
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989:As-Salih Hajji
986:
979:
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971:
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841:
835:
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822:
820:
814:
813:
799:
797:
795:
794:
788:
785:Nur al-Din Ali
782:
775:
773:
772:Salihi Mamluks
769:
768:
761:Mamluk sultans
759:
757:
756:
749:
742:
734:
721:
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698:
694:
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692:Regnal titles
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257:
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242:Upper Egyptian
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42:
41:
35:
34:
26:
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14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1198:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1176:Bahri sultans
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
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1119:
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1038:
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1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
981:
980:
978:
976:
975:Burji dynasty
972:
965:
962:
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956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
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848:
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842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
823:
821:
819:
818:Bahri dynasty
815:
810:
803:
792:
789:
786:
783:
780:
777:
776:
774:
770:
766:
762:
755:
750:
748:
743:
741:
736:
735:
732:
728:
725:
718:
709:
708:
701:
695:
690:
686:November 1341
685:
678:
673:
672:
665:
664:
663:Bahri dynasty
655:
647:
645:9789004101821
641:
637:
636:
630:
626:
624:9781136579172
620:
617:. Routledge.
616:
612:
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603:
599:
592:
587:
586:
581:
572:
569:
563:
560:
554:
552:
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58:
54:
50:
47:
43:
40:
36:
31:
19:
891:
726:
724:
705:
683:
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669:
661:
634:
614:
601:
597:
582:Bibliography
571:
562:
477:
468:
417:
392:
387:
383:
379:
375:
372:
351:
345:
341:
338:
327:
325:
319:
305:amir arba'in
304:
290:
259:
233:
215:Bahri Mamluk
204:
192:
191:
38:
1166:1341 deaths
1161:1321 births
1141:(1516โ1517)
1139:Tumanbay II
1135:(1501โ1516)
1123:(1500โ1501)
1117:(1498โ1500)
1111:(1496โ1498)
1105:(1468โ1496)
1099:(1467โ1468)
1087:(1461โ1467)
1075:(1453โ1461)
1063:(1438โ1453)
1051:(1422โ1438)
1045:(1421โ1422)
1027:(1412โ1421)
1015:(1405โ1412)
1003:(1399โ1405)
997:(1390โ1399)
991:(1389โ1390)
985:(1382โ1389)
966:(1381โ1382)
960:(1377โ1381)
954:(1363โ1377)
948:(1361โ1363)
942:(1354โ1361)
936:(1351โ1354)
930:(1347โ1351)
924:(1346โ1347)
918:(1345โ1346)
912:(1342โ1345)
900:(1341โ1342)
888:(1310โ1341)
882:(1309โ1310)
876:(1299โ1309)
870:(1296โ1299)
864:(1294โ1296)
858:(1293โ1294)
852:(1290โ1293)
846:(1279โ1290)
834:(1277โ1279)
828:(1260โ1277)
793:(1259โ1260)
787:(1257โ1259)
781:(1250โ1257)
399:Upper Egypt
60:Predecessor
1155:Categories
1097:Timurbugha
429:References
638:. Brill.
353:wafidiyya
70:Successor
320:pictured
316:al-Karak
274:al-Aqaba
266:al-Karak
244:city of
226:al-Karak
181:Religion
145:Qalawuni
384:mamluks
363:Qalawun
342:mamluks
333:dirhams
331:silver
152:Dynasty
87:c. 1321
1129:(1501)
1093:(1467)
1081:(1461)
1069:(1453)
1057:(1438)
1039:(1421)
1033:(1421)
1021:(1412)
1009:(1405)
906:(1342)
894:(1341)
840:(1279)
682:
642:
621:
380:mamluk
376:mamluk
358:Aleppo
301:dinars
297:Qawsun
238:Qawsun
218:Sultan
197:Arabic
176:Narjis
173:Mother
163:Father
113:Spouse
765:Cairo
684:Died:
677:Born:
594:(PDF)
409:Notes
403:Kujuk
369:Reign
328:na'ib
293:Cairo
286:Mecca
278:Mecca
270:Ahmad
234:na'ib
222:Egypt
185:Islam
157:Bahri
140:House
125:Names
90:Cairo
52:Reign
679:1321
640:ISBN
619:ISBN
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84:Born
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395:Qus
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220:of
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448:^
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