Saiga antelope - Knowledge (XXG)

1111: 1315: 401: 135: 1096:, grasslands, and possibly open woodlands, eating several species of plants, including some that are poisonous to other animals. They can cover long distances and swim across rivers, but they avoid steep or rugged areas. The mating season starts in November, when stags fight for the acceptance of females. The winner leads a herd of five to ten females (occasionally up to 50). In springtime, mothers come together in mass to give birth. Two-thirds of births are twins; the remaining third of births are single calves. 3746: 157: 987: 231: 1390:

Recent trends in climate change have increased the aridity of the steppe region, leading an estimated 14% or more of available pastureland to be considered degraded and useless. Concurrently, small steppe rivers dry faster, limiting water resources to large lakes and rivers, which are usually populated by human settlements; high temperatures in the steppe region lead to springtime floods, in which saiga calves can drown.

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lands. Currently, saiga populations' migratory routes pass five countries and different human-made constructions, such as railways, trenches, mining sites, and pipelines. These physical barriers limit movement of the antelopes. Cases of saiga herds being trapped within fenced areas and starving to death have been reported.

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are not uncommon. In the 1980s, several saiga die-offs occurred, and between 2010 and 2014, one occurred every year. The deaths could be linked to calving aggregation, which is when they are most vulnerable. More recent research involving a mass die-off in 2015 indicates warmer weather and attendant

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was heavily populated. The population's size remained high until the second half of the 19th century, when excessive horn export began. The high price and demand for horns drove radical hunting. The number of animals decreased in all regions and the migratory routes shifted southward. Populations in

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Agricultural advancement and human settlements have been shrinking habitat areas of the saigas since the 20th century. Occupants limited saiga's passage to water resources and the winter and summer habitats. The ever-changing face of steppe requires saigas to search for new routes to their habitual

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population in central Kazakhstan, representing more than a third of the global population. By April 2016, the saigas appear to be making a comeback, with an increase of population from 31,000 to 36,000 in the Betpak-Dala area. In April 2021 a survey in Kazakhstan found that the saiga population had

1158:. In more recent years, the saiga has experienced massive regrowth. As of 2022, there is an estimated number of 1.38 million saiga surviving in Kazakhstan, per an April aerial count. As of December 2023, the global saiga antelope population is estimated to number 922,600–988,500 mature individuals. 1057:

The saiga stands 61–81 cm (24–32 in) at the shoulder, and weighs 26–69 kg (57–152 lb). The head-and-body length is typically between 100 and 140 cm (39 and 55 in). A prominent feature of the saiga is the pair of closely spaced, bloated nostrils directed downward. Other

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After a rapid decline, they were nearly completely exterminated in the 1920s, but they were able to recover. By 1950, two million of them were found in the steppes of the USSR. Their population fell drastically following the collapse of the USSR due to uncontrolled hunting and demand for horns in

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Only males possess horns. These horns, thick and slightly translucent, are wax-coloured and show 12 to 20 pronounced rings. With a base diameter of 25–33 mm (0.98–1.30 in), the horns of the Russian saiga measure 28–38 cm (11–15 in) in length; the horns of the Mongolian saiga,

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from as far west as modern-day England and France to as far east as northern Siberia, Alaska, and probably Canada. The antelope gradually entered the Urals, though it did not colonise southern Europe. A 2010 study revealed that a steep decline has occurred in the genetic variability of the saiga

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Saigas are dependent on weather and affected by climate fluctuations to a great extent due to their migratory nature. Harsh winters with strong winds or high snow coverage prevent them from feeding on the underlying grass. Population size usually dramatically decreases after severe cold months.

1169:, an infectious disease that strikes the lungs and intestines, the underlying trigger remains to be identified. In May 2015, what may be the same disease broke out in three northern regions of the country. As of 28 May 2015, more than 120,000 saigas have been confirmed dead in the 1372:, considered to be nutritious and delicious. Numerous recipes for cooking the antelope's meat can be found. Both meat and byproducts are sold in the country and outside of it. About 45–80 dm of skin can be harvested from one individual depending on its age and sex. 1070:

parts are generally white. The hairs, that measure 18–30 mm (0.71–1.18 in) long in summer, can grow as long as 40–70 mm (1.6–2.8 in) in winter. This forms a 12 to 15 cm (4.7 to 5.9 in) long mane on the neck. Two distinct

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shows seasonal changes. In summer, the coat appears yellow to red, fading toward the flanks. The Mongolian saiga can develop a sandy colour. The coat develops a pale, grayish-brown colour in winter, with a hint of brown on the belly and the neck. The

749:). The study noted that the saiga and the springbok could be considerably different from the rest of the antilopines; a 2007 phylogenetic study suggested that the two form a clade sister to the gerenuk. The cladogram below is based on the 2013 study. 599:

regions of Kazakhstan. A portion of the Ustyurt population migrates south to Uzbekistan and occasionally to Turkmenistan in winter. It is regionally extinct in Romania, Ukraine, Moldova, China and southwestern Mongolia. The Mongolian subspecies

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Kock, R. A.; Orynbayev, M.; Robinson, S.; Zuther, S.; Singh, N. J.; Beauvais, W.; Morgan, E. R.; Kerimbayev, A.; Khomenko, S.; Martineau, H. M.; Rystaeva, R.; Omarova, Z.; Wolfs, S.; Hawotte, F.; Radoux, J.; Milner-Gulland, E. J. (2018).

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Kuhl, A.; Balinova, N.; Bykova, E.; Esipov, A.; Arylov, Iu.A.; Lushchekina, A.A.; Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2009). "The role of saiga poaching in rural communities: Linkages between attitudes, socio-economic circumstances and behaviour".

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in London) reported that his colleagues and he had narrowed down the possible culprits. Climate change and stormy spring weather, they said, may have transformed harmless bacteria, carried by the saigas, into lethal pathogens.

1432:. Herd fatality is 100% once infected, with an estimated 40% of the species' total population already dead. More than 120,000 carcasses had been found by late May 2015, while the estimated total population was only 250,000. 1364:

In the period from 1955 to 1989, over 87 thousand tonnes of meat were collected in Kazakhstan by killing more than five million saiga. In 2011, Kazakhstan reaffirmed a ban on hunting saiga and extended this ban until 2021.

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reported in 2022 that, partly due to their conservation efforts, as well as the designation of the Bokey Orda-Ashiozek protected area by the Kazakhstan government, the population had now risen to a peak of 1.32 million.

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Morgan, E.R.; Lundervold, M.; Medley, G.F.; Shaikenov, B.S.; Torgerson, P.R.; Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2006). "Assessing risks of disease transmission between wildlife and livestock: the Saiga antelope as a case study".

1439:, whose symptoms (bloating, mouth foaming, and diarrhea) had been observed in dead saiga antelopes. According to Nurushev, this disease occurred as a result of foraging on a large amount of easily fermenting plants ( 1249:

The fragmented information shows an abundance of saigas on the territory of modern Kazakhstan in the 14th-16th centuries. The migratory routes ranged throughout the country's area, especially the region between the

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In June 2014, Chinese customs at the Kazakh border uncovered 66 cases containing 2,351 saiga antelope horns, estimated to be worth over Y70.5 million (US$ 11 million). In June 2015, E. J. Milner-Gulland (chair of

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Campos, P.F.; Kristensen, T.; Orlando, L.; Sher, A.; Kholodova, M.V.; Gotherstrom, A.; Hofreiter, M.; Drucker, D.G.; Kosintsev, P.; Tikhonov, A.; Baryshnikov, G.F.; Willerslev, E.; Gilbert, M.T.P. (2010).

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can be observed in a year, one in spring from April to May and another in autumn from late September or early October to late November or early December. The tail measures 6–12 cm (2.4–4.7 in).

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Saigas have been a target of hunting since prehistoric ages, when hunting was an essential means to acquire food. Saigas' horns, meat, and skin have commercial value and are exported from Kazakhstan.

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Morgan, E.R.; Shaikenov, B.; Torgerson, P.R.; Medley, G.F.; Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2005). "Helminths of saiga antelopes in Kazakhstan: Implications for conservation and livestock production".

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Neronov, V. M.; Arylova, N. Yu.; Dubinin, M. Yu.; Karimova, T. Yu.; Lushchekina, A. A. (2013). "Current state and prospects of preserving saiga antelope in Northwest Pre-Caspian region".

3127: 1357:, is one of the main ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine that is used as an extract or powder additive to the elixirs, ointments, and drinks. Saiga horn's value is equal to 3388:

Kuhl, A.; Mysterud, A.; Grachev, Iu.A.; Bekenov, A.B.; Ubushaev, B.S.; Lushchekina, A.A.; Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2009). "Monitoring population productivity in the saiga antelope".

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agency which is involved in saiga conservation efforts issued a statement that the mass die-off had ended. By June 2015, no definitive cause for the epizootic had been found.

1479:, was determined to be the cause of death. The bacterium occurs in the antelopes and is normally harmless; the reason for the change in behavior of the bacterium is unknown. 2031: 1486:

is the likely cause of the most recent deaths The change of the bacteria may be attributed to "the response of opportunistic microbes to changing environmental conditions".

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Now, scientists and researchers believe the unusually warm and wet uncontrolled environmental variables caused the bacterium to enter the bloodstream and become septic.

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and can sell for as much as US$ 150. Demand for the horns drives poaching and smuggling, which has wiped out the population in China, where the saiga antelope is a

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Saparov, Abdulla (2014). "Soil Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan: Current Status, Problems and Solutions". In Mueller, L.; Saparov, A.; Lischeid, G. (eds.).

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Singh, N.J.; Grachev, Iu.A.; Bekenov, A.B.; Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2010). "Saiga antelope calving site selection is increasingly driven by human disturbance".

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Morgan, E.R.; Medley, G.F.; Torgerson, P.R.; Shaikenov, B. & Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2007). "Parasite transmission in a migratory multiple host system".

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Lanoë, F.B.; Péan, S.; Yanevich, A. (2015). "Saiga antelope hunting in Crimea at the Pleistocene–Holocene transition: the site of Buran-Kaya III Layer 4".

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that were dated back to seventh to fifth century BC. Moreover, saiga bones were found among the remains of other wild animals near the human settlements.

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The Betpak-Dala saiga population in central Kazakhstan, which saw the most deaths, increased from 31,000 after the epidemic to 36,000 by April 2016.

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Singh, N.J.; Grachev, Iu.A.; Bekenov, A.B.; Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2010). "Tracking greenery in Central Asia: The migration of the saiga antelope".

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Kholodova, M.V.; Milner-Gulland, E.J.; Easton, A.J.; Amgalan, L.; Arylov, Iu.; Bekenov, A.; Grachev, Iu.A.; Lushchekina, A.A.; Ryder, O. (2006).

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Jürgensen, Jonathan; Drucker, Dorothée G.; Stuart, Anthony J.; Schneider, Matthias; Buuveibaatar, Bayarbaatar; Bocherens, Hervé (March 2017).

2642: 2297: 2238: 1949: 1897: 1872: 1838: 1793: 1607: 1122:, are known for their extensive migrations across the steppes that allow them to escape natural calamities. Saigas are highly vulnerable to 8678: 2914:

Novel Measurement and Assessment Tools for Monitoring and Management of Land and Water Resources in Agricultural Landscapes of Central Asia

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Robinson, S.; Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2003). "Political change and factors limiting numbers of wild and domestic ungulates in Kazakhstan".

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Owen-Smith, N. (2008). "The comparative population dynamics of browsing and grazing ungulates". In Gordon, I.J.; Prins, H.H.T. (eds.).

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Systema Naturae: per Regna tria Natura, secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis

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Bekenov, A. B.; Grachev, Iu. A.; Milner-Gulland, E. J. (1998). "The ecology and management of the Saiga antelope in Kazakhstan".

1361:, whose trade was banned in 1993. Cornu Antelopis is thought to be a cheaper substitute of rare rhino horn in most TCM recipes. 3626:

Milner-Gulland, E.J.; Bukreeva, O.M.; Coulson, T.N.; Lushchekina, A.A.; Kholodova, M.V.; Bekenov, A.B.; Grachev, Iu.A. (2003).

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Milner-Gulland, E.J.; Kholodova, M.V.; Bekenov, A.B.; Bukreeva, O.M.; Grachev, Iu.A.; Amgalan, L.; Lushchekina, A.A. (2001).

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Nadachowski, A.; Lipecki, G.; Ratajczak, Urszula; Stefaniak, K.; Wojtal, P. (2016). "Dispersal events of the saiga antelope (

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risen from an estimated 334,000 to 842,000. The population increase was partially attributed to the government crackdown on

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In the mid-2010s, the populations declined enormously – as much as 95% in 15 years. This led the saiga to be classified as

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Kuhl, A.; Mysterud, A.; Erdnenov, G.I.; Lushchekina, A.A.; Grachev, Iu. A.; Bekenov, A.B.; Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2007).

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facial features include the dark markings on the cheeks and the nose, and the 7–12 cm (2.8–4.7 in) long ears.

2164: 400: 8468: 8299: 1339: 8369: 1771: 8668: 8658: 8638: 4220: 3792: 2125:"Diet and habitat of the saiga antelope during the late Quaternary using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios" 35: 8486: 8382: 7197: 4142: 4133: 2628: 2992: 2824: 2499: 1463: 143: 6984: 1966: 1940:

Marcot, J.D. (2007). "Molecular phylogeny of terrestrial artiodactyls". In Prothero, D.R.; Foss, S.E. (eds.).

1753:. Vol. t.1, pt. 1 (Regnum animale) (1766) (12th ed.). Impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii. p. 97. 134: 8605: 3237:"Memorandum of Understanding concerning Conservation, Restoration and Sustainable Use of the Saiga Antelope ( 230: 8633: 7633: 7146: 7026: 4922: 4582: 4063: 2701:

The Illegal Wildlife Trade: Inside the World of Poachers, Smugglers and Traders (Studies of Organized Crime)

2339: 1826: 1767: 722: 2535: 2379: 8226: 4684: 4390: 4309: 1893:"A revised phylogeny of Antilopini (Bovidae, Artiodactyla) using combined mitochondrial and nuclear genes" 1483: 1413: 1288: 680: 486: 156: 8304: 8291: 8648: 8643: 8520: 5089: 4318: 4202: 3785: 1471: 1284: 1220: 1151: 1046: 352: 7834: 6864: 2165:"Ancient DNA sequences point to a large loss of mitochondrial genetic diversity in the saiga antelope ( 986: 8338: 8273: 8141: 7907: 7898: 7843: 7468: 7432: 7405: 6813: 6804: 6249: 6240: 4606: 4465: 4408: 4354: 3569: 3508: 3457:"The big spenders of the steppe: sex-specific maternal allocation and twinning in the saiga antelope" 3435: 3397: 3368: 3308: 3294:"Conserving a moving target: planning protection for a migratory species as its distribution changes" 3166: 2760: 2508: 2183: 2136: 2097: 2054: 2004: 1906: 1666: 552: 3102: 2668:

Antelopes: Part 4 – North Africa, the Middle East, and Asia: Global Survey and Regional Action Plans

2497:) in Central Europe in response to the climatic fluctuations in MIS 2 and the early part of MIS 1". 2428: 1742: 1492:

In late 2016, a large loss of the population happened in Mongolia. The etiology was confirmed to be

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Fossils of saiga, concentrated mainly in central and northern Eurasia, date to as early as the late

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Baryshnikov, G.; Tikhonov, A. (1994). "Notes on skulls of Pleistocene Saiga of Northern Eurasia".

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that was "between the deer and ram in size" and was wrongly believed to drink through its nose.

8525: 8421: 3737: 2289: 1037:. The morphology of saiga does not seem to have changed significantly since prehistoric times. 8507: 8312: 7807: 7798: 7486: 7414: 7342: 7173: 7155: 7008: 5958: 5353: 5344: 5196: 5098: 4877: 4844: 4787: 4657: 4184: 4045: 3649: 3606: 3486: 3192: 2925: 2672: 2666: 2638: 2632: 2293: 2234: 2199: 1945: 1922: 1868: 1834: 1799: 1789: 1619: 1239: 1119: 714: 2751:

Milner-Gulland, E. J. (1994). "A Population Model for the Management of the Saiga Antelope".

2726: 8512: 8201: 7955: 7946: 7825: 7666: 7657: 7450: 7122: 7113: 7061: 7052: 6900: 6873: 6786: 6566: 6174: 5600: 5591: 5581: 5554: 5275: 5144: 4345: 4336: 4327: 4109: 4100: 4036: 3963: 3954: 3711: 3678: 3639: 3598: 3577: 3545: 3516: 3476: 3468: 3443: 3405: 3376: 3339: 3316: 3182: 3174: 2917: 2916:. Environmental Science and Engineering. Springer International Publishing. pp. 61–73. 2892: 2768: 2610: 2516: 2281: 2191: 2144: 2105: 2062: 2012: 1914: 1783: 1674: 1624: 1493: 1408: 696: 584: 506: 329: 147: 8447: 8494: 7931: 7922: 7870: 7861: 7642: 6499: 6490: 5967: 5563: 4615: 4525: 4363: 4175: 4054: 4027: 4018: 1854: 1436: 1369: 1358: 1342:) said: "Antipoaching needs to be a top priority for the Russian and Kazakh governments." 707: 684: 665: 635: 613: 592: 548: 544: 193: 39: 3745: 3573: 3512: 3439: 3401: 3372: 3312: 3170: 2764: 2512: 2454: 2187: 2140: 2101: 2058: 2008: 1910: 1670: 8377: 8364: 8278: 8131: 8069: 7699: 7690: 7215: 7164: 7017: 6855: 6557: 6379: 6370: 5925: 5892: 5874: 5362: 5172: 5047: 4886: 3874: 3846: 3481: 3456: 3187: 3154: 2713: 1944:(Illustrated ed.). Baltimore, USA: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 4–18. 1452: 1429: 1412:

humidity led bacteria common in saiga antelopes to move into the bloodstream and cause

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Milner-Gulland; Kholodova; Bekenov; Bukreeva; Grachev; Amgalan; Lushchekina (2001).

2148: 1686: 691:. Subsequent authors were not certain about the relationship between the two, until 8565: 8317: 8150: 8119: 8009: 7681: 7495: 7423: 7296: 7239: 7230: 6948: 6882: 6644: 6602: 6517: 6328: 6048: 6039: 5901: 5832: 5721: 5712: 5454: 5223: 4904: 4859: 4826: 4597: 4489: 4456: 4372: 3661: 2959: 1822: 1525: 1223:. By the classical age, they were apparently considered a characteristic animal of 1204: 1165:

of Kazakhstan were found dead. Although the deaths are currently being ascribed to

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In May 2015, uncommonly large numbers of saigas began to die from a mysterious

7378: 7278: 7103: 6695: 6117: 6099: 5850: 5545: 5530: 5521: 5488: 5265: 5071: 4988: 4979: 4754: 4745: 4624: 4549: 4090: 3911: 3777: 3762: 3682: 3550: 3529: 2317: 2109: 2016: 1678: 1521: 1268: 1255: 1104: 1089: 1006: 710: 642: 105: 70: 17: 8249: 668:, it is sometimes treated as an independent species, or as subspecies of the 8579: 8351: 8078: 7999: 7852: 7723: 7714: 7188: 6762: 6753: 6738: 6729: 6593: 6165: 5949: 5883: 5769: 5284: 5080: 4769: 4693: 4573: 4124: 4009: 3999: 3893: 3884: 3128:"Why 220,000 saiga antelope died suddenly in Kazakhstan in 2015 - CBC Radio" 2975:"Endangered saiga antelope mysteriously dying in vast numbers in Kazakhstan" 1803: 1425: 1319: 991: 901: 811: 734: 703: 560: 242: 110: 8045: 3653: 3610: 3490: 3472: 3196: 3178: 2854: 2203: 1926: 408:

Reconstructed range (white) and current distribution of the two subspecies

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is closer to the Caprinae while the saiga is closer to the Antilopinae.

8600: 8592: 8395: 8192: 8027: 7888: 7747: 7137: 6924: 6915: 6828: 6714: 6705: 6677: 6433: 6337: 6301: 6216: 6212: 6183: 6108: 5796: 5669: 5630: 5214: 5131: 5037: 4300: 4250: 3945: 3074:"More Than Half of Entire Species of Saigas Gone in Mysterious Die-Off" 2997: 2780: 2263:"134,000 saiga antelope dead in two weeks. What is the probable cause?" 1636: 1440: 1224: 1161:

In May 2010, an estimated 12,000 of the 26,000 saiga population in the

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studies in the 1990s revealed that though morphologically similar, the

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Chinese medicine. At one point, some conservation groups, such as the

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from the Pleistocene of Eurasia and Alaska have been named, including

30:"Saiga" redirects here. For the shotgun named after the antelope, see 8408: 8286: 8036: 7605: 7510: 7333: 7323: 6939: 6451: 6291: 6273: 6264: 6150: 6072: 6024: 6015: 5473: 5464: 5399: 5390: 5380: 5302: 4835: 4648: 4498: 3834: 3822: 3741: 1444: 1242:

settlements. Illustrations of saiga antelopes can be found among the

1228: 1212: 1192: 1093: 1030: 843: 272: 252: 8220: 3644: 3627: 2832: 2772: 2233:(Third ed.). New York: Marshall Cavendish. pp. 2217–2218. 1628: 8356: 3211:"Peste Des Petits Ruminants – Mongolia (03): (Hovd) Saiga Antelope" 1506:

Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals

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Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference

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Biologist Murat Nurushev suggested that the cause might be acute

8343: 7206: 6536: 6424: 6406: 6063: 5916: 5320: 5187: 5003: 4277: 4238: 2955:"Why Did Two-Thirds of These Weird Antelope Suddenly Drop Dead?" 1179: 1123: 8224: 8116: 7984: 7590: 6673: 6208: 5665: 5127: 4273: 3859: 3781: 2671:. International Union for Conservation of Nature. p. 164. 1833:. Baltimore, USA: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 157. 1103:

Herd of saiga antelope gathered at the water's edge in western

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Considerable evidence shows the importance of the antelope to

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however, reach a maximum length of 22 cm (8.7 in).

2404:. United Nations Environment Programme. 2015. Archived from 521: 515: 2795:"Kazakhstan extends Saiga antelope hunting ban until 2021" 2402:"Catastrophic Collapse of Saiga Antelopes in Central Asia" 1283:) is found in a small area in western Mongolia around the 1512:

was concluded and came into effect on 24 September 2006.

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Ukraine were driven to extirpation in the 18th century.

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and the establishment of conservation areas. UK charity

3035:"Свою версию гибели сайгаков выдвинул академик Нурушев" 1045:

since the late Pleistocene-Holocene, probably due to a

1863:. Chicago, USA: University of Chicago Press. pp. 2634:

No Turning Back: The Life and Death of Animal Species

2455:"Critically endangered antelope saiga makes comeback" 512: 2665:

Mallon, David P.; Kingswood, Steven Charles (2001).

559:

in the southwest into Mongolia in the northeast and

8549: 8233: 8191: 8163: 8139: 8130: 8058: 8007: 7998: 7944: 7920: 7896: 7887: 7769: 7736: 7712: 7679: 7655: 7613: 7604: 7550: 7508: 7331: 7322: 7276: 7252: 7228: 7186: 7135: 7111: 7102: 7074: 7050: 7043: 6997: 6937: 6913: 6826: 6775: 6751: 6727: 6703: 6694: 6624: 6525: 6516: 6488: 6464: 6359: 6299: 6290: 6262: 6238: 6229: 6163: 6139: 6061: 6037: 6013: 5989: 5938: 5914: 5863: 5758: 5734: 5710: 5686: 5641: 5629: 5617: 5589: 5580: 5543: 5519: 5486: 5462: 5453: 5425: 5416: 5388: 5379: 5333: 5273: 5264: 5236: 5185: 5152: 5143: 5069: 5035: 5001: 4977: 4953: 4857: 4824: 4800: 4767: 4743: 4719: 4710: 4646: 4595: 4571: 4538: 4487: 4454: 4430: 4298: 4289: 4249: 4237: 4164: 4122: 4098: 4089: 4007: 3998: 3943: 3919: 3910: 3882: 3873: 1891:Bärmann, E.V.; Rössner, G.E.; Wörheide, G. (2013). 509: 3763:"IFAW Russia – Saiga antelopes are rare creatures" 3103:"Saiga Population Grows After Mysterious Epidemic" 2825:"ОХОТНИЧЬЯ КУХНЯ. САЙГАК. Рецепты БЛЮД ИЗ САЙГАКА" 2429:"Saiga Population Grows After Mysterious Epidemic" 2226: 1033:) date back to the transition from Pleistocene to 3700:"Dramatic declines in saiga antelope populations" 2881:"Dramatic declines in saiga antelope populations" 2354:"Mystery over mass antelope deaths in Kazakhstan" 1040:Before the Holocene, the saiga ranged across the 3628:"Reproductive collapse in saiga antelope harems" 1451:, and mixed wet, green grass). In May 2015, the 1709:Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered 1191:The saiga was not present in Europe during the 2382:. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 22 May 2015 1318:Examples of saiga horn products seized by the 3793: 3029: 3027: 2855:"Казахстан обвинили в дезориентации сайгаков" 2316:. Saiga Conservation Alliance. Archived from 2256: 2254: 2252: 2250: 8: 3738:saiga-antelope/saiga-tatarica Saiga antelope 2564:. Алма-Ата, КазССР: Наука. pp. 11, 238. 2314:"Welcome to the Saiga Conservation Alliance" 1458:At a scientific meeting in November 2015 in 2637:. New York: Harper Perennial. p. 210. 1556:IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2023). 1088:Saigas form very large herds that graze in 8221: 8136: 8127: 8113: 8004: 7995: 7981: 7893: 7610: 7601: 7587: 7328: 7108: 7047: 6700: 6691: 6670: 6522: 6296: 6235: 6226: 6205: 5683: 5662: 5586: 5459: 5422: 5385: 5270: 5149: 5140: 5124: 4716: 4295: 4286: 4270: 4095: 4004: 3916: 3879: 3870: 3856: 3800: 3786: 3778: 3744: 3292:Singh, N.J.; Milner-Gulland, E.J. (2011). 1510:Saiga Antelope Memorandum of Understanding 1462:, Uzbekistan, Dr. Richard A. Kock (of the 1326:The horn of the saiga antelope is used in 725:) and colleagues showed that the saiga is 399: 187: 155: 133: 46: 3715: 3643: 3549: 3480: 3320: 3186: 2896: 1886: 1884: 1601: 1599: 1597: 1595: 1593: 1591: 1589: 721:data in 2013, Eva Verena Bärmann (of the 2562:Древняя культура Центрального Казахстана 1817: 1815: 1813: 3246:. Convention on Migratory Species. 2011 1537: 1231:'s description of an animal called the 434: 3773:from the original on 21 December 2021. 1762: 1760: 1551: 1549: 1547: 1545: 1543: 1541: 8629:IUCN Red List near threatened species 3733:CMS Saiga Memorandum of Understanding 3096: 3094: 2596: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2588: 2586: 2575:В. А. Фадеев; А. А. Слудский (1982). 2288:. Berlin, Germany: Springer. p. 1898:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 634:and is the sole living member of the 7: 8606:83FA53FD-D6BD-403C-9A1D-6EE9B4115055 8383:6a3f42a1-c760-4f8f-bc0e-3b7dd37891b9 3757:WWF species profile: Saiga antelope 3014:"Kazakhstan's econological mystery" 2284:The ecology of browsing and grazing 2229:International Wildlife Encyclopedia 1567:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 894: 835: 787: 780: 773: 766: 759: 752: 604:) occurs only in western Mongolia. 3461:Proceedings of the Royal Society B 2536:"Book VII, Chapter 4, Paragraph 8" 687:Saigini under the same subfamily, 575:. Today, the dominant subspecies ( 25: 2615:10.1046/j.1365-2907.1998.281024.x 2090:Journal of Archaeological Science 1967:"Late Pleistocene Saiga antelope 679:In 1945, American paleontologist 3717:10.1046/j.1365-3008.2001.00202.x 3410:10.1111/j.1469-1795.2009.00260.x 3344:10.1111/j.1472-4642.2010.00671.x 3322:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01905.x 2981:. Associated Press. 25 May 2015. 2898:10.1046/j.1365-3008.2001.00202.x 2261:Nicholls, Henry (12 June 2015). 2196:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04826.x 551:, spanning the foothills of the 505: 229: 4152:Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain ( 3521:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.09.002 3266:"Western saiga (Russian saiga)" 2225:Burton, M.; Burton, R. (2002). 2149:10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.01.022 4941:Central American red brocket ( 1860:Wildlife of the Tibetan steppe 1009:). Several species of extinct 166:Askania-Nova Biosphere Reserve 1: 1942:The Evolution of Artiodactyls 1227:, judging from the historian 675:; it is confined to Mongolia. 563:in the southeast. During the 547:inhabited a vast area of the 5648:Large subfamily listed below 5636:Large subfamily listed below 5624:Large subfamily listed below 3591:Journal of Wildlife Diseases 3582:10.1016/j.biocon.2006.04.012 3448:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.02.009 3381:10.1016/j.biocon.2010.04.026 3012:Taylor, Adam (29 May 2015). 2534:Strabo (25 September 2012). 2521:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.11.068 2067:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.09.040 1713:Zoological Society of London 1328:traditional Chinese medicine 1126:. Juveniles are targeted by 8679:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus 4143:Yellow-striped chevrotain ( 4134:Indian spotted chevrotain ( 3332:Diversity and Distributions 2922:10.1007/978-3-319-01017-5_2 1919:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.02.015 1340:Saiga Conservation Alliance 8695: 3603:10.7589/0090-3558-41.1.149 3301:Journal of Applied Ecology 2753:Journal of Applied Ecology 2579:. Алма-Ата, КазССР: Наука. 2129:Quaternary Science Reviews 1504:Under the auspices of the 1368:Saiga meat is compared to 1114:Fawn hidden in the grasses 571:from the British Isles to 36:Saiga semi-automatic rifle 29: 8674:Mammals described in 1766 8126: 8112: 8079:Dromedary/Arabian camel ( 8070:Domestic Bactrian camel ( 7994: 7980: 7634:North Sulawesi babirusa ( 7600: 7586: 6690: 6669: 6225: 6204: 5682: 5661: 5139: 5123: 4923:Amazonian brown brocket ( 4285: 4269: 4256:Large family listed below 4244:Large family listed below 4221:Williamson's mouse-deer ( 3869: 3855: 3817: 3551:10.1017/S0030605306000135 3041:(in Russian). 24 May 2015 2110:10.1016/j.jas.2014.12.012 2017:10.1080/10292389409380478 1679:10.1134/S2079096113020078 1332:class I protected species 990:Saiga antelope skull and 956: 914: 899: 892: 857: 840: 833: 809: 792: 785: 778: 771: 764: 757: 630:. It was reclassified as 427: 420: 407: 398: 382: 377: 358: 351: 226:Scientific classification 224: 207: 185: 176: 163: 154: 141: 132: 49: 6320:Domestic water buffalo ( 4685:Central Asian red deer ( 4310:Bornean yellow muntjac ( 2500:Quaternary International 2169:) since the Pleistocene" 2047:Quaternary International 1701:"Saiga/mongolian Saiga ( 1464:Royal Veterinary College 1428:illness suspected to be 1394:Mass epizootic mortality 1146:Distribution and habitat 994:mount on display at the 144:Stepnoi Nature Sanctuary 8654:Mammals of Central Asia 7198:Bates' pygmy antelope ( 6985:Soemmerring's gazelle ( 5090:Yucatan brown brocket ( 4319:Hairy-fronted muntjac ( 4203:Philippine mouse-deer ( 3683:10.1023/A:1022834224257 3562:Biological Conservation 3428:Biological Conservation 3361:Biological Conservation 2799:Silk Road Intelligencer 2699:van Uhm, D. P. (2016). 1289:Mankhan Nature Reserves 723:University of Cambridge 683:classified both in the 567:, it ranged across the 410:Saiga tatarica tatarica 38:. For the surname, see 7908:White-lipped peccary ( 7844:Philippine warty pig ( 7469:Yellow-backed duiker ( 7433:Black-fronted duiker ( 7406:White-bellied duiker ( 7027:Przewalski's gazelle ( 6250:Four-horned antelope ( 5048:Peruvian Yungas pudu ( 4607:Visayan spotted deer ( 4466:European fallow deer ( 4409:Northern red muntjac ( 4355:Southern red muntjac ( 3473:10.1098/rspb.2007.0038 3179:10.1126/sciadv.aao2314 2801:. 2011. Archived from 2716:(Chinese) 23 June 2014 2714:新疆霍尔果斯海关破获一起羚羊角走私案天山网 2453:Briggs, Helen (2021). 2040:— One species or two?" 2030:Ratajczak, U. (2016). 1965:Currant, A.P. (1987). 1782:; Reeder, D.M (eds.). 1606:Sokolov, V.E. (1974). 1484:Hemorrhagic septicemia 1414:hemorrhagic septicemia 1323: 1311: 1303:Stuffed saiga herd at 1115: 1107: 998: 739:Antidorcas marsupialis 681:George Gaylord Simpson 608:Taxonomy and phylogeny 8521:Paleobiology Database 8088:Wild Bactrian camel ( 7790:Bornean bearded pig ( 7781:Palawan bearded pig ( 7370:White-legged duiker ( 6796:Red-fronted gazelle ( 4475:Persian fallow deer ( 4391:Roosevelt's muntjac ( 4064:Himalayan musk deer ( 3973:Reticulated giraffe ( 3060:Saiga mystery disease 2703:. New York: Springer. 1472:Pasteurella multocida 1353:Saiga horn, known as 1317: 1305:The Museum of Zoology 1302: 1279:The Mongolian saiga ( 1221:Northwest Territories 1199:, it ranged from the 1152:critically endangered 1113: 1102: 1084:Ecology and behaviour 1047:population bottleneck 989: 702:In a revision of the 587:of Russia and in the 555:in the northwest and 34:. For the rifle, see 8378:Fauna Europaea (new) 8175:Pygmy hippopotamus ( 7835:Oliver's warty pig ( 7460:Red-flanked duiker ( 6865:Erlanger's gazelle ( 6585:Harnessed bushbuck ( 6311:Wild water buffalo ( 5788:East Caucasian tur ( 5779:West Caucasian tur ( 4932:Little red brocket ( 4400:Truong Son muntjac ( 4212:Vietnam mouse-deer ( 4194:Greater mouse-deer ( 4073:Siberian musk deer ( 3501:Ecological Modelling 1574:: e.T19832A233712210 1520:Currently, only the 1385:Climatic variability 664:: also known as the 553:Carpathian Mountains 8664:Mammals of Mongolia 7808:Celebes warty pig ( 7799:Visayan warty pig ( 7415:Red forest duiker ( 7147:Günther's dik-dik ( 7009:Mongolian gazelle ( 6814:Heuglin's gazelle ( 6805:Thomson's gazelle ( 5959:Long-tailed goral ( 5354:Mountain reedbuck ( 5345:Southern reedbuck ( 5197:East African oryx ( 5099:White-tailed deer ( 4878:Small red brocket ( 4845:South Andean deer ( 4788:Siberian roe deer ( 4779:European roe deer ( 4616:Philippine sambar ( 4583:Père David's deer ( 4185:Lesser mouse-deer ( 4046:Kashmir musk deer ( 3574:2006BCons.131..244M 3513:2007EcMod.200..511M 3467:(1615): 1293–1299. 3440:2009BCons.142.1442K 3402:2009AnCon..12..355K 3390:Animal Conservation 3373:2010BCons.143.1770S 3313:2011JApEc..48...35S 3171:2018SciA....4.2314K 3101:Yin, Steph (2016). 3072:Zimmer, C. (2015). 3018:The Washington Post 2835:on 21 November 2014 2765:1994JApEc..31...25M 2577:Сайгак в Казахстане 2513:2016QuInt.420..357N 2188:2010MolEc..19.4863C 2141:2017QSRv..160..150J 2102:2015JArSc..54..270L 2059:2016QuInt.420..329R 2009:1994HBio....8..209B 1911:2013MolPE..67..484B 1671:2013ArEco...3...57N 1420:2015–2016 epizootic 1399:1980 to 2015 events 1265:World Wildlife Fund 1197:last glacial period 996:Museum of Osteology 747:Litocranius walleri 459:Linnaeus, 1766 179:Conservation status 27:Species of antelope 7956:Collared peccary ( 7826:Flores warty pig ( 7667:Giant forest hog ( 7529:Maxwell's duiker ( 7451:Ruwenzori duiker ( 7397:Jentink's duiker ( 7306:Sharpe's grysbok ( 7062:Tibetan antelope ( 6967:Bright's gazelle ( 6901:Goitered gazelle ( 6874:Mountain gazelle ( 6847:Cuvier's gazelle ( 6787:Mongalla gazelle ( 6175:Pyrenean chamois ( 5601:Tibetan antelope ( 5555:Black wildebeest ( 4382:Reeves's muntjac ( 4346:Sumatran muntjac ( 4337:Gongshan muntjac ( 4110:Water chevrotain ( 4037:Alpine musk deer ( 3964:Southern giraffe ( 3955:Northern giraffe ( 3107:The New York Times 3078:The New York Times 2433:The New York Times 1997:Historical Biology 1324: 1312: 1120:Mongolian gazelles 1116: 1108: 999: 539:, is a species of 467:Forster, 1768 56:Pleistocene–Recent 8669:Mammals of Russia 8659:Mammals of Europe 8639:Antelopes of Asia 8616: 8615: 8508:Open Tree of Life 8227:Taxon identifiers 8218: 8217: 8214: 8213: 8210: 8209: 8187: 8186: 8108: 8107: 8104: 8103: 8100: 8099: 7976: 7975: 7972: 7971: 7968: 7967: 7932:Chacoan peccary ( 7883: 7882: 7871:Javan warty pig ( 7862:Timor warty pig ( 7669:H. meinertzhageni 7643:Togian babirusa ( 7582: 7581: 7578: 7577: 7574: 7573: 7538:Walter's duiker ( 7478:Abbott's duiker ( 7442:Ogilby's duiker ( 7388:Harvey's duiker ( 7352:Brooke's duiker ( 7318: 7317: 7098: 7097: 7039: 7038: 6976:Peter's gazelle ( 6958:Grant's gazelle ( 6892:Speke's gazelle ( 6665: 6664: 6661: 6660: 6657: 6656: 6542: 6512: 6511: 6500:African buffalo ( 6331:B. depressicornis 6286: 6285: 6200: 6199: 6196: 6195: 5968:Himalayan goral ( 5790:C. cylindricornis 5657: 5656: 5653: 5652: 5613: 5612: 5576: 5575: 5564:Blue wildebeest ( 5498:Common tsessebe ( 5449: 5448: 5412: 5411: 5375: 5374: 5287:K. ellipsiprymnus 5260: 5259: 5119: 5118: 5115: 5114: 5111: 5110: 5059:P. mephistophiles 5015:P. mephistophiles 4706: 4705: 4402:M. truongsonensis 4364:Pu Hoat muntjac ( 4265: 4264: 4261: 4260: 4233: 4232: 4176:Java mouse-deer ( 4085: 4084: 4055:Black musk deer ( 4028:Dwarf musk deer ( 4019:Anhui musk deer ( 3994: 3993: 3957:G. camelopardalis 3906: 3905: 3752:Ultimate Ungulate 2953:Yong, Ed (2018). 2644:978-0-06-055804-8 2299:978-3-540-72422-3 2240:978-0-7614-7282-7 2176:Molecular Ecology 1951:978-0-8018-8735-2 1874:978-0-226-73652-5 1840:978-1-4214-0093-8 1831:Ungulate Taxonomy 1795:978-0-8018-8221-0 1620:Mammalian Species 1376:Physical barriers 1240:Andronovo culture 1118:Saigas, like the 978: 977: 969: 968: 945: 944: 936: 935: 927: 926: 881: 880: 872: 871: 822: 821: 663: 654: 579:) only occurs in 497: 496: 490: 479: 468: 460: 452: 451:Pallas, 1766 448:Antilope scythica 444: 333: 219: 202: 16:(Redirected from 8686: 8609: 8608: 8596: 8595: 8583: 8582: 8570: 8569: 8568: 8542: 8541: 8529: 8528: 8516: 8515: 8503: 8502: 8490: 8489: 8477: 8476: 8464: 8463: 8451: 8450: 8438: 8437: 8425: 8424: 8412: 8411: 8399: 8398: 8386: 8385: 8373: 8372: 8360: 8359: 8347: 8346: 8334: 8333: 8321: 8320: 8308: 8307: 8295: 8294: 8282: 8281: 8269: 8268: 8267: 8254: 8253: 8252: 8222: 8137: 8128: 8114: 8005: 7996: 7982: 7894: 7700:Common warthog ( 7691:Desert warthog ( 7611: 7602: 7588: 7487:Weyns's duiker ( 7361:Peters' duiker ( 7343:Aders's duiker ( 7329: 7216:Royal antelope ( 7174:Salt's dik-dik ( 7165:Silver dik-dik ( 7156:Kirk's dik-dik ( 7109: 7086:Saiga antelope ( 7048: 6987:N. soemmerringii 6856:Dorcas gazelle ( 6701: 6692: 6685: 6671: 6558:Mountain nyala ( 6541: 6540: 6532: 6523: 6478:P. nghetinhensis 6380:European bison ( 6371:American bison ( 6297: 6236: 6227: 6220: 6206: 6082:Domestic sheep ( 5926:Himalayan tahr ( 5893:Mainland serow ( 5875:Japanese serow ( 5684: 5677: 5663: 5587: 5460: 5423: 5386: 5363:Bohor reedbuck ( 5271: 5250:A. nasomaculatus 5173:Sable antelope ( 5150: 5141: 5134: 5125: 4887:Merida brocket ( 4717: 4658:Thorold's deer ( 4510:A. calamianensis 4393:M. rooseveltorum 4339:M. gongshanensis 4296: 4287: 4280: 4271: 4096: 4005: 3984:G. tippelskirchi 3917: 3880: 3871: 3857: 3802: 3795: 3788: 3779: 3774: 3748: 3721: 3719: 3694: 3665: 3647: 3622: 3585: 3555: 3553: 3524: 3507:(3–4): 511–520. 3494: 3484: 3451: 3434:(7): 1442–1449. 3421: 3384: 3367:(7): 1770–1779. 3355: 3326: 3324: 3298: 3278: 3277: 3275: 3273: 3262: 3256: 3255: 3253: 3251: 3245: 3233: 3227: 3226: 3224: 3222: 3207: 3201: 3200: 3190: 3159:Science Advances 3149: 3143: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3124: 3118: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3098: 3089: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3069: 3063: 3057: 3051: 3050: 3048: 3046: 3031: 3022: 3021: 3009: 3003: 3002: 2989: 2983: 2982: 2971: 2965: 2964: 2950: 2944: 2943: 2909: 2903: 2902: 2900: 2876: 2870: 2869: 2867: 2865: 2851: 2845: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2831:. Archived from 2821: 2815: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2791: 2785: 2784: 2748: 2742: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2731:programs.wcs.org 2727:"Saiga Antelope" 2723: 2717: 2711: 2705: 2704: 2696: 2690: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2662: 2656: 2655: 2653: 2651: 2625: 2619: 2618: 2598: 2581: 2580: 2572: 2566: 2565: 2557: 2551: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2531: 2525: 2524: 2490: 2484: 2483: 2476: 2470: 2469: 2467: 2465: 2450: 2444: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2427:Yin, S. (2016). 2424: 2418: 2417: 2415: 2413: 2398: 2392: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2376: 2370: 2369: 2367: 2365: 2350: 2344: 2343: 2336: 2330: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2310: 2304: 2303: 2287: 2277: 2271: 2270: 2258: 2245: 2244: 2232: 2222: 2216: 2215: 2173: 2159: 2153: 2152: 2120: 2114: 2113: 2085: 2079: 2078: 2044: 2027: 2021: 2020: 1992: 1986: 1985: 1978:UBSS Proceedings 1975: 1962: 1956: 1955: 1937: 1931: 1930: 1888: 1879: 1878: 1851: 1845: 1844: 1819: 1808: 1807: 1764: 1755: 1754: 1735: 1729: 1728: 1726: 1724: 1715:. Archived from 1697: 1691: 1690: 1654: 1648: 1647: 1646:on 4 March 2016. 1645: 1639:. Archived from 1616: 1603: 1584: 1583: 1581: 1579: 1553: 1409:mass mortalities 895: 836: 788: 781: 774: 767: 760: 753: 713:on the basis of 697:Tibetan antelope 661: 653:(Linnaeus, 1766) 652: 645:are recognised: 625:12th edition of 585:Astrakhan Oblast 528: 527: 524: 523: 520: 517: 514: 511: 485: 474: 466: 458: 450: 439: 403: 364: 344:S. tatarica 328: 234: 233: 213: 196: 191: 190: 164:A female at the 159: 148:Astrakhan Oblast 137: 127: 57: 53:Temporal range: 47: 21: 8694: 8693: 8689: 8688: 8687: 8685: 8684: 8683: 8619: 8618: 8617: 8612: 8604: 8599: 8591: 8586: 8578: 8573: 8564: 8563: 8558: 8545: 8537: 8532: 8524: 8519: 8511: 8506: 8498: 8495:Observation.org 8493: 8485: 8480: 8472: 8467: 8459: 8454: 8446: 8441: 8433: 8428: 8420: 8415: 8407: 8402: 8394: 8389: 8381: 8376: 8368: 8363: 8355: 8350: 8342: 8337: 8329: 8324: 8316: 8311: 8303: 8298: 8290: 8285: 8277: 8272: 8263: 8262: 8257: 8248: 8247: 8242: 8229: 8219: 8206: 8183: 8159: 8122: 8096: 8054: 7990: 7964: 7940: 7916: 7879: 7846:S. philippensis 7783:S. ahoenobarbus 7765: 7757:Red river hog ( 7732: 7708: 7675: 7651: 7625:Buru babirusa ( 7596: 7570: 7562:Common duiker ( 7546: 7504: 7314: 7272: 7248: 7224: 7182: 7131: 7094: 7070: 7035: 7020:P. picticaudata 6993: 6933: 6909: 6903:G. subgutturosa 6822: 6771: 6747: 6723: 6686: 6675: 6653: 6620: 6612:Cape bushbuck ( 6605:T. strepsiceros 6534: 6533: 6531: 6508: 6484: 6460: 6355: 6347:Mountain anoa ( 6282: 6276:B. tragocamelus 6258: 6252:T. quadricornis 6221: 6210: 6192: 6159: 6135: 6091:Bighorn sheep ( 6057: 6033: 6009: 6001:Mountain goat ( 5985: 5977:Chinese goral ( 5934: 5910: 5895:C. sumatraensis 5859: 5842:Siberian ibex ( 5806:Domestic goat ( 5754: 5730: 5706: 5698:Barbary sheep ( 5678: 5667: 5649: 5637: 5625: 5609: 5572: 5539: 5515: 5482: 5445: 5408: 5371: 5329: 5256: 5232: 5206:Scimitar oryx ( 5181: 5164:Roan antelope ( 5135: 5129: 5107: 5065: 5057:Northern pudu ( 5031: 5023:Southern pudu ( 5013:Northern pudu ( 4997: 4973: 4949: 4914:Pygmy brocket ( 4896:Dwarf brocket ( 4853: 4820: 4796: 4763: 4739: 4702: 4642: 4591: 4567: 4534: 4508:Calamian deer ( 4483: 4477:D. mesopotamica 4450: 4426: 4420:M. vuquangensis 4418:Giant muntjac ( 4328:Fea's muntjac ( 4281: 4275: 4257: 4245: 4229: 4160: 4118: 4081: 4039:M. chrysogaster 3990: 3982:Masai giraffe ( 3939: 3902: 3865: 3851: 3813: 3806: 3769:. 3 July 2012. 3761: 3729: 3724: 3697: 3668: 3645:10.1038/422135a 3625: 3588: 3558: 3527: 3498: 3454: 3424: 3387: 3358: 3329: 3296: 3291: 3287: 3285:Further reading 3282: 3281: 3271: 3269: 3264: 3263: 3259: 3249: 3247: 3243: 3235: 3234: 3230: 3220: 3218: 3209: 3208: 3204: 3165:(1): eaao2314. 3151: 3150: 3146: 3136: 3134: 3126: 3125: 3121: 3111: 3109: 3100: 3099: 3092: 3082: 3080: 3071: 3070: 3066: 3058: 3054: 3044: 3042: 3033: 3032: 3025: 3011: 3010: 3006: 2991: 2990: 2986: 2979:The Independent 2973: 2972: 2968: 2952: 2951: 2947: 2932: 2911: 2910: 2906: 2878: 2877: 2873: 2863: 2861: 2853: 2852: 2848: 2838: 2836: 2823: 2822: 2818: 2808: 2806: 2805:on 29 July 2011 2793: 2792: 2788: 2773:10.2307/2404596 2750: 2749: 2745: 2735: 2733: 2725: 2724: 2720: 2712: 2708: 2698: 2697: 2693: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2664: 2663: 2659: 2649: 2647: 2645: 2627: 2626: 2622: 2600: 2599: 2584: 2574: 2573: 2569: 2559: 2558: 2554: 2544: 2542: 2533: 2532: 2528: 2492: 2491: 2487: 2478: 2477: 2473: 2463: 2461: 2452: 2451: 2447: 2437: 2435: 2426: 2425: 2421: 2411: 2409: 2408:on 4 March 2016 2400: 2399: 2395: 2385: 2383: 2378: 2377: 2373: 2363: 2361: 2352: 2351: 2347: 2338: 2337: 2333: 2323: 2321: 2312: 2311: 2307: 2300: 2279: 2278: 2274: 2260: 2259: 2248: 2241: 2224: 2223: 2219: 2182:(22): 4863–75. 2171: 2161: 2160: 2156: 2122: 2121: 2117: 2087: 2086: 2082: 2053:(28): 329–347. 2042: 2029: 2028: 2024: 2003:(1–4): 209–34. 1994: 1993: 1989: 1973: 1964: 1963: 1959: 1952: 1939: 1938: 1934: 1890: 1889: 1882: 1875: 1853: 1852: 1848: 1841: 1821: 1820: 1811: 1796: 1766: 1765: 1758: 1737: 1736: 1732: 1722: 1720: 1699: 1698: 1694: 1659:Arid Ecosystems 1656: 1655: 1651: 1643: 1629:10.2307/3503906 1614: 1605: 1604: 1587: 1577: 1575: 1555: 1554: 1539: 1534: 1518: 1502: 1496:in early 2017. 1437:ruminal tympany 1422: 1401: 1396: 1387: 1378: 1359:rhinoceros horn 1355:Cornu Antelopis 1348: 1297: 1281:S. t. mongolica 1277: 1275:Mongolian saiga 1189: 1148: 1086: 1055: 1053:Characteristics 1023:S. binagadensis 984: 979: 970: 946: 937: 928: 882: 873: 823: 666:Mongolian saiga 659:S. t. mongolica 627:Systema Naturae 623:in 1766 in the 614:scientific name 610: 602:S. t. mongolica 549:Eurasian steppe 508: 504: 493: 433: 432: 414:S. t. mongolica 391:S. t. mongolica 373: 366: 360: 347: 327: 228: 220: 203: 194:Near Threatened 192: 188: 181: 128: 126: 125: 124: 123: 118: 113: 108: 103: 98: 93: 88: 83: 78: 73: 68: 63: 55: 54: 51: 43: 40:Saiga (surname) 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8692: 8690: 8682: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8651: 8646: 8641: 8636: 8634:True antelopes 8631: 8621: 8620: 8614: 8613: 8611: 8610: 8597: 8584: 8571: 8555: 8553: 8551:Capra tatarica 8547: 8546: 8544: 8543: 8530: 8517: 8504: 8491: 8478: 8465: 8452: 8439: 8426: 8413: 8400: 8387: 8374: 8365:Fauna Europaea 8361: 8348: 8335: 8331:saiga-tatarica 8322: 8309: 8296: 8292:saiga-tatarica 8283: 8279:Saiga_tatarica 8270: 8265:Saiga tatarica 8255: 8239: 8237: 8235:Saiga tatarica 8231: 8230: 8225: 8216: 8215: 8212: 8211: 8208: 8207: 8205: 8204: 8197: 8195: 8189: 8188: 8185: 8184: 8182: 8181: 8177:C. liberiensis 8171: 8169: 8161: 8160: 8158: 8157: 8151:Hippopotamus ( 8147: 8145: 8134: 8132:Hippopotamidae 8124: 8123: 8117: 8110: 8109: 8106: 8105: 8102: 8101: 8098: 8097: 8095: 8094: 8085: 8081:C. dromedarius 8076: 8066: 8064: 8056: 8055: 8053: 8052: 8043: 8034: 8025: 8015: 8013: 8002: 7992: 7991: 7985: 7978: 7977: 7974: 7973: 7970: 7969: 7966: 7965: 7963: 7962: 7952: 7950: 7942: 7941: 7939: 7938: 7928: 7926: 7918: 7917: 7915: 7914: 7904: 7902: 7891: 7885: 7884: 7881: 7880: 7878: 7877: 7868: 7864:S. timoriensis 7859: 7850: 7841: 7832: 7823: 7817:Domestic pig ( 7814: 7805: 7796: 7787: 7777: 7775: 7767: 7766: 7764: 7763: 7754: 7744: 7742: 7734: 7733: 7731: 7730: 7720: 7718: 7710: 7709: 7707: 7706: 7697: 7693:P. aethiopicus 7687: 7685: 7677: 7676: 7674: 7673: 7663: 7661: 7653: 7652: 7650: 7649: 7645:B. togeanensis 7640: 7631: 7621: 7619: 7608: 7598: 7597: 7591: 7584: 7583: 7580: 7579: 7576: 7575: 7572: 7571: 7569: 7568: 7558: 7556: 7548: 7547: 7545: 7544: 7535: 7526: 7516: 7514: 7506: 7505: 7503: 7502: 7496:Zebra duiker ( 7493: 7484: 7475: 7471:C. silvicultor 7466: 7457: 7448: 7439: 7430: 7424:Black duiker ( 7421: 7412: 7408:C. leucogaster 7403: 7394: 7385: 7376: 7367: 7358: 7349: 7339: 7337: 7326: 7320: 7319: 7316: 7315: 7313: 7312: 7303: 7297:Cape grysbok ( 7294: 7284: 7282: 7274: 7273: 7271: 7270: 7260: 7258: 7250: 7249: 7247: 7246: 7240:Klipspringer ( 7236: 7234: 7226: 7225: 7223: 7222: 7213: 7204: 7194: 7192: 7184: 7183: 7181: 7180: 7171: 7167:M. piacentinii 7162: 7153: 7143: 7141: 7133: 7132: 7130: 7129: 7119: 7117: 7106: 7100: 7099: 7096: 7095: 7093: 7092: 7082: 7080: 7072: 7071: 7069: 7068: 7058: 7056: 7045: 7041: 7040: 7037: 7036: 7034: 7033: 7029:P. przewalskii 7024: 7015: 7005: 7003: 6995: 6994: 6992: 6991: 6982: 6973: 6964: 6955: 6949:Dama gazelle ( 6945: 6943: 6935: 6934: 6932: 6931: 6921: 6919: 6911: 6910: 6908: 6907: 6898: 6889: 6883:Rhim gazelle ( 6880: 6871: 6862: 6853: 6844: 6834: 6832: 6824: 6823: 6821: 6820: 6811: 6802: 6793: 6783: 6781: 6773: 6772: 6770: 6769: 6759: 6757: 6749: 6748: 6746: 6745: 6741:A. marsupialis 6735: 6733: 6725: 6724: 6722: 6721: 6711: 6709: 6698: 6688: 6687: 6674: 6667: 6666: 6663: 6662: 6659: 6658: 6655: 6654: 6652: 6651: 6645:Common eland ( 6642: 6632: 6630: 6622: 6621: 6619: 6618: 6609: 6603:Greater kudu ( 6600: 6591: 6582: 6573: 6564: 6555: 6545: 6543: 6520: 6514: 6513: 6510: 6509: 6507: 6506: 6496: 6494: 6486: 6485: 6483: 6482: 6472: 6470: 6462: 6461: 6459: 6458: 6449: 6440: 6431: 6422: 6416:Domestic yak ( 6413: 6404: 6395: 6386: 6377: 6367: 6365: 6357: 6356: 6354: 6353: 6344: 6340:B. mindorensis 6335: 6329:Lowland anoa ( 6326: 6317: 6307: 6305: 6294: 6288: 6287: 6284: 6283: 6281: 6280: 6270: 6268: 6260: 6259: 6257: 6256: 6246: 6244: 6233: 6223: 6222: 6209: 6202: 6201: 6198: 6197: 6194: 6193: 6191: 6190: 6181: 6171: 6169: 6161: 6160: 6158: 6157: 6147: 6145: 6137: 6136: 6134: 6133: 6124: 6115: 6106: 6097: 6088: 6079: 6069: 6067: 6059: 6058: 6056: 6055: 6049:Nilgiri tahr ( 6045: 6043: 6035: 6034: 6032: 6031: 6021: 6019: 6011: 6010: 6008: 6007: 5997: 5995: 5987: 5986: 5984: 5983: 5974: 5965: 5956: 5946: 5944: 5936: 5935: 5933: 5932: 5922: 5920: 5912: 5911: 5909: 5908: 5902:Taiwan serow ( 5899: 5890: 5881: 5871: 5869: 5861: 5860: 5858: 5857: 5848: 5839: 5833:Iberian ibex ( 5830: 5821: 5812: 5803: 5794: 5785: 5776: 5766: 5764: 5756: 5755: 5753: 5752: 5742: 5740: 5732: 5731: 5729: 5728: 5722:Arabian tahr ( 5718: 5716: 5708: 5707: 5705: 5704: 5694: 5692: 5680: 5679: 5666: 5659: 5658: 5655: 5654: 5651: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5639: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5627: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5615: 5614: 5611: 5610: 5608: 5607: 5597: 5595: 5584: 5578: 5577: 5574: 5573: 5571: 5570: 5561: 5551: 5549: 5541: 5540: 5538: 5537: 5527: 5525: 5517: 5516: 5514: 5513: 5504: 5494: 5492: 5484: 5483: 5481: 5480: 5470: 5468: 5457: 5451: 5450: 5447: 5446: 5444: 5443: 5433: 5431: 5420: 5414: 5413: 5410: 5409: 5407: 5406: 5396: 5394: 5383: 5377: 5376: 5373: 5372: 5370: 5369: 5360: 5356:R. fulvorufula 5351: 5341: 5339: 5331: 5330: 5328: 5327: 5318: 5309: 5300: 5291: 5281: 5279: 5268: 5262: 5261: 5258: 5257: 5255: 5254: 5244: 5242: 5234: 5233: 5231: 5230: 5224:Arabian oryx ( 5221: 5212: 5203: 5193: 5191: 5183: 5182: 5180: 5179: 5170: 5160: 5158: 5147: 5137: 5136: 5128: 5121: 5120: 5117: 5116: 5113: 5112: 5109: 5108: 5106: 5105: 5101:O. virginianus 5096: 5087: 5077: 5075: 5067: 5066: 5064: 5063: 5054: 5044: 5042: 5033: 5032: 5030: 5029: 5020: 5009: 5007: 4999: 4998: 4996: 4995: 4985: 4983: 4975: 4974: 4972: 4971: 4967:O. bezoarticus 4961: 4959: 4951: 4950: 4948: 4947: 4938: 4929: 4920: 4911: 4907:M. gouazoubira 4905:Gray brocket ( 4902: 4893: 4884: 4875: 4865: 4863: 4855: 4854: 4852: 4851: 4842: 4832: 4830: 4822: 4821: 4819: 4818: 4808: 4806: 4798: 4797: 4795: 4794: 4785: 4775: 4773: 4765: 4764: 4762: 4761: 4751: 4749: 4741: 4740: 4738: 4737: 4727: 4725: 4714: 4708: 4707: 4704: 4703: 4701: 4700: 4691: 4682: 4673: 4664: 4660:C. albirostris 4654: 4652: 4644: 4643: 4641: 4640: 4631: 4622: 4613: 4603: 4601: 4593: 4592: 4590: 4589: 4579: 4577: 4569: 4568: 4566: 4565: 4556: 4546: 4544: 4536: 4535: 4533: 4532: 4523: 4514: 4505: 4495: 4493: 4485: 4484: 4482: 4481: 4472: 4462: 4460: 4452: 4451: 4449: 4448: 4444:E. cephalophus 4438: 4436: 4428: 4427: 4425: 4424: 4415: 4406: 4397: 4388: 4379: 4373:Leaf muntjac ( 4370: 4366:M. puhoatensis 4361: 4352: 4343: 4334: 4325: 4316: 4306: 4304: 4293: 4283: 4282: 4274: 4267: 4266: 4263: 4262: 4259: 4258: 4255: 4253: 4247: 4246: 4243: 4241: 4235: 4234: 4231: 4230: 4228: 4227: 4223:T. williamsoni 4218: 4209: 4200: 4191: 4182: 4172: 4170: 4162: 4161: 4159: 4158: 4149: 4140: 4130: 4128: 4120: 4119: 4117: 4116: 4106: 4104: 4093: 4087: 4086: 4083: 4082: 4080: 4079: 4075:M. moschiferus 4070: 4066:M. leucogaster 4061: 4052: 4043: 4034: 4030:M. berezovskii 4025: 4015: 4013: 4002: 3996: 3995: 3992: 3991: 3989: 3988: 3979: 3970: 3961: 3951: 3949: 3941: 3940: 3938: 3937: 3927: 3925: 3914: 3908: 3907: 3904: 3903: 3901: 3900: 3890: 3888: 3877: 3875:Antilocapridae 3867: 3866: 3860: 3853: 3852: 3850: 3849: 3847:Laurasiatheria 3843: 3837: 3831: 3825: 3818: 3815: 3814: 3807: 3805: 3804: 3797: 3790: 3782: 3776: 3775: 3759: 3754: 3749: 3735: 3728: 3727:External links 3725: 3723: 3722: 3710:(4): 340–345. 3695: 3666: 3623: 3597:(1): 149–162. 3586: 3568:(2): 244–254. 3556: 3532:Saiga tatarica 3525: 3496: 3452: 3422: 3396:(4): 355–363. 3385: 3356: 3338:(4): 663–675. 3327: 3288: 3286: 3283: 3280: 3279: 3268:. Zootierliste 3257: 3228: 3202: 3144: 3119: 3090: 3064: 3052: 3023: 3004: 3001:. 27 May 2015. 2984: 2966: 2945: 2930: 2904: 2891:(4): 340–345. 2871: 2846: 2816: 2786: 2743: 2718: 2706: 2691: 2678:978-2831705941 2677: 2657: 2643: 2620: 2582: 2567: 2552: 2526: 2495:Saiga tatarica 2485: 2471: 2445: 2419: 2393: 2371: 2345: 2331: 2320:on 22 May 2013 2305: 2298: 2272: 2246: 2239: 2217: 2167:Saiga tatarica 2154: 2115: 2080: 2038:Saiga tatarica 2034:Saiga borealis 2022: 1987: 1969:Saiga tatarica 1957: 1950: 1932: 1880: 1873: 1855:Schaller, G.B. 1846: 1839: 1809: 1794: 1774:Saiga tatarica 1756: 1745:Capra tatarica 1730: 1719:on 30 May 2008 1703:Saiga tatarica 1692: 1649: 1610:Saiga tatarica 1585: 1560:Saiga tatarica 1536: 1535: 1533: 1530: 1517: 1514: 1501: 1498: 1453:United Nations 1430:pasteurellosis 1421: 1418: 1400: 1397: 1395: 1392: 1386: 1383: 1377: 1374: 1347: 1344: 1309:St. Petersburg 1296: 1293: 1276: 1273: 1244:cave paintings 1188: 1185: 1167:pasteurellosis 1147: 1144: 1085: 1082: 1054: 1051: 1042:mammoth steppe 983: 980: 976: 975: 972: 971: 967: 966: 963: 962: 955: 952: 951: 948: 947: 943: 942: 939: 938: 934: 933: 930: 929: 925: 924: 921: 920: 913: 910: 909: 906: 905: 898: 893: 891: 888: 887: 884: 883: 879: 878: 875: 874: 870: 869: 866: 865: 856: 853: 852: 849: 848: 839: 834: 832: 829: 828: 825: 824: 820: 819: 816: 815: 808: 805: 804: 801: 800: 791: 786: 784: 779: 777: 772: 770: 765: 763: 758: 756: 751: 733:formed by the 677: 676: 673:Saiga borealis 662:Bannikov, 1946 656: 650:S. t. tatarica 632:Saiga tatarica 619:was coined by 617:Capra tatarica 609: 606: 577:S. t. tatarica 569:mammoth steppe 532:Saiga tatarica 501:saiga antelope 495: 494: 492: 491: 480: 469: 461: 456:Capra tatarica 453: 445: 437:Antilope saiga 430: 429: 428: 425: 424: 418: 417: 405: 404: 396: 395: 394: 393: 388: 386:S. t. tatarica 380: 379: 375: 374: 367: 362:Saiga tatarica 356: 355: 349: 348: 341: 339: 335: 334: 320: 316: 315: 310: 306: 305: 300: 296: 295: 290: 286: 285: 280: 276: 275: 270: 266: 265: 260: 256: 255: 250: 246: 245: 240: 236: 235: 222: 221: 208: 205: 204: 186: 183: 182: 177: 174: 173: 170:Kakhovka Raion 161: 160: 152: 151: 142:A male at the 139: 138: 130: 129: 121: 120: 119: 114: 109: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 59: 58: 52: 50:Saiga antelope 26: 24: 18:Saiga Antelope 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8691: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8626: 8624: 8607: 8602: 8598: 8594: 8589: 8585: 8581: 8576: 8572: 8567: 8561: 8557: 8556: 8554: 8552: 8548: 8540: 8535: 8531: 8527: 8522: 8518: 8514: 8509: 8505: 8501: 8496: 8492: 8488: 8483: 8479: 8475: 8470: 8466: 8462: 8457: 8453: 8449: 8444: 8440: 8436: 8431: 8427: 8423: 8418: 8414: 8410: 8405: 8401: 8397: 8392: 8388: 8384: 8379: 8375: 8371: 8366: 8362: 8358: 8353: 8349: 8345: 8340: 8336: 8332: 8327: 8323: 8319: 8314: 8310: 8306: 8301: 8297: 8293: 8288: 8284: 8280: 8275: 8271: 8266: 8260: 8256: 8251: 8245: 8241: 8240: 8238: 8236: 8232: 8228: 8223: 8203: 8199: 8198: 8196: 8194: 8190: 8180: 8178: 8173: 8172: 8170: 8168: 8167: 8162: 8156: 8154: 8149: 8148: 8146: 8144: 8143: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8129: 8125: 8121: 8115: 8111: 8093: 8091: 8086: 8084: 8082: 8077: 8075: 8073: 8072:C. bactrianus 8068: 8067: 8065: 8063: 8062: 8057: 8051: 8049: 8044: 8042: 8040: 8035: 8033: 8031: 8026: 8024: 8022: 8017: 8016: 8014: 8012: 8011: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7997: 7993: 7989: 7983: 7979: 7961: 7959: 7954: 7953: 7951: 7949: 7948: 7943: 7937: 7935: 7930: 7929: 7927: 7925: 7924: 7919: 7913: 7911: 7906: 7905: 7903: 7901: 7900: 7895: 7892: 7890: 7886: 7876: 7874: 7873:S. verrucosus 7869: 7867: 7865: 7860: 7858: 7856: 7851: 7849: 7847: 7842: 7840: 7838: 7833: 7831: 7829: 7824: 7822: 7820: 7819:S. domesticus 7815: 7813: 7811: 7810:S. celebensis 7806: 7804: 7802: 7797: 7795: 7793: 7788: 7786: 7784: 7779: 7778: 7776: 7774: 7773: 7768: 7762: 7760: 7755: 7753: 7751: 7746: 7745: 7743: 7741: 7740: 7739:Potamochoerus 7735: 7729: 7727: 7722: 7721: 7719: 7717: 7716: 7711: 7705: 7703: 7698: 7696: 7694: 7689: 7688: 7686: 7684: 7683: 7678: 7672: 7670: 7665: 7664: 7662: 7660: 7659: 7654: 7648: 7646: 7641: 7639: 7637: 7636:B. celebensis 7632: 7630: 7628: 7623: 7622: 7620: 7618: 7617: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7603: 7599: 7595: 7589: 7585: 7567: 7565: 7560: 7559: 7557: 7555: 7554: 7549: 7543: 7541: 7536: 7534: 7532: 7527: 7525: 7523: 7520:Blue duiker ( 7518: 7517: 7515: 7513: 7512: 7507: 7501: 7499: 7494: 7492: 7490: 7485: 7483: 7481: 7476: 7474: 7472: 7467: 7465: 7463: 7458: 7456: 7454: 7449: 7447: 7445: 7440: 7438: 7436: 7435:C. nigrifrons 7431: 7429: 7427: 7422: 7420: 7418: 7417:C. natalensis 7413: 7411: 7409: 7404: 7402: 7400: 7395: 7393: 7391: 7386: 7384: 7382: 7377: 7375: 7373: 7368: 7366: 7364: 7363:C. callipygus 7359: 7357: 7355: 7350: 7348: 7346: 7341: 7340: 7338: 7336: 7335: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7321: 7311: 7309: 7304: 7302: 7300: 7295: 7293: 7291: 7290:R. campestris 7286: 7285: 7283: 7281: 7280: 7275: 7269: 7267: 7262: 7261: 7259: 7257: 7256: 7251: 7245: 7243: 7242:O. oreotragus 7238: 7237: 7235: 7233: 7232: 7227: 7221: 7219: 7214: 7212: 7210: 7205: 7203: 7201: 7196: 7195: 7193: 7191: 7190: 7185: 7179: 7177: 7172: 7170: 7168: 7163: 7161: 7159: 7154: 7152: 7150: 7145: 7144: 7142: 7140: 7139: 7134: 7128: 7126: 7121: 7120: 7118: 7116: 7115: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7101: 7091: 7089: 7084: 7083: 7081: 7079: 7078: 7073: 7067: 7065: 7060: 7059: 7057: 7055: 7054: 7049: 7046: 7042: 7032: 7030: 7025: 7023: 7021: 7016: 7014: 7012: 7007: 7006: 7004: 7002: 7001: 6996: 6990: 6988: 6983: 6981: 6979: 6974: 6972: 6970: 6965: 6963: 6961: 6956: 6954: 6952: 6947: 6946: 6944: 6942: 6941: 6936: 6930: 6928: 6923: 6922: 6920: 6918: 6917: 6912: 6906: 6904: 6899: 6897: 6895: 6890: 6888: 6886: 6885:G. leptoceros 6881: 6879: 6877: 6872: 6870: 6868: 6863: 6861: 6859: 6854: 6852: 6850: 6845: 6843: 6841: 6836: 6835: 6833: 6831: 6830: 6825: 6819: 6817: 6812: 6810: 6808: 6803: 6801: 6799: 6794: 6792: 6790: 6789:E. albonotata 6785: 6784: 6782: 6780: 6779: 6774: 6768: 6766: 6765:A. cervicapra 6761: 6760: 6758: 6756: 6755: 6750: 6744: 6742: 6737: 6736: 6734: 6732: 6731: 6726: 6720: 6718: 6713: 6712: 6710: 6708: 6707: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6693: 6689: 6683: 6679: 6672: 6668: 6650: 6648: 6643: 6641: 6639: 6636:Giant eland ( 6634: 6633: 6631: 6629: 6628: 6623: 6617: 6615: 6614:T. sylvaticus 6610: 6608: 6606: 6601: 6599: 6597: 6592: 6590: 6588: 6583: 6581: 6579: 6576:Lesser kudu ( 6574: 6572: 6570: 6565: 6563: 6561: 6556: 6554: 6552: 6547: 6546: 6544: 6538: 6530: 6529: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6515: 6505: 6503: 6498: 6497: 6495: 6493: 6492: 6487: 6481: 6479: 6474: 6473: 6471: 6469: 6468: 6463: 6457: 6455: 6450: 6448: 6446: 6441: 6439: 6437: 6432: 6430: 6428: 6423: 6421: 6419: 6414: 6412: 6410: 6405: 6403: 6401: 6396: 6394: 6392: 6391:B. domesticus 6389:Bali cattle ( 6387: 6385: 6383: 6378: 6376: 6374: 6369: 6368: 6366: 6364: 6363: 6358: 6352: 6350: 6345: 6343: 6341: 6336: 6334: 6332: 6327: 6325: 6323: 6318: 6316: 6314: 6309: 6308: 6306: 6304: 6303: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6289: 6279: 6277: 6272: 6271: 6269: 6267: 6266: 6261: 6255: 6253: 6248: 6247: 6245: 6243: 6242: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6228: 6224: 6218: 6214: 6207: 6203: 6189: 6187: 6182: 6180: 6178: 6173: 6172: 6170: 6168: 6167: 6162: 6156: 6154: 6149: 6148: 6146: 6144: 6143: 6138: 6132: 6130: 6125: 6123: 6121: 6116: 6114: 6112: 6107: 6105: 6103: 6098: 6096: 6094: 6093:O. canadensis 6089: 6087: 6085: 6080: 6078: 6076: 6071: 6070: 6068: 6066: 6065: 6060: 6054: 6052: 6047: 6046: 6044: 6042: 6041: 6040:Nilgiritragus 6036: 6030: 6028: 6023: 6022: 6020: 6018: 6017: 6012: 6006: 6004: 6003:O. americanus 5999: 5998: 5996: 5994: 5993: 5988: 5982: 5980: 5975: 5973: 5971: 5966: 5964: 5962: 5957: 5955: 5953: 5948: 5947: 5945: 5943: 5942: 5937: 5931: 5929: 5928:H. jemlahicus 5924: 5923: 5921: 5919: 5918: 5913: 5907: 5905: 5900: 5898: 5896: 5891: 5889: 5887: 5882: 5880: 5878: 5873: 5872: 5870: 5868: 5867: 5862: 5856: 5854: 5849: 5847: 5845: 5840: 5838: 5836: 5831: 5829: 5827: 5824:Nubian ibex ( 5822: 5820: 5818: 5815:Alpine ibex ( 5813: 5811: 5809: 5804: 5802: 5800: 5795: 5793: 5791: 5786: 5784: 5782: 5777: 5775: 5773: 5768: 5767: 5765: 5763: 5762: 5757: 5751: 5749: 5744: 5743: 5741: 5739: 5738: 5733: 5727: 5725: 5720: 5719: 5717: 5715: 5714: 5709: 5703: 5701: 5696: 5695: 5693: 5691: 5690: 5685: 5681: 5675: 5671: 5664: 5660: 5646: 5644: 5640: 5634: 5632: 5628: 5622: 5620: 5616: 5606: 5604: 5599: 5598: 5596: 5594: 5593: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5582:Pantholopinae 5579: 5569: 5567: 5562: 5560: 5558: 5553: 5552: 5550: 5548: 5547: 5542: 5536: 5534: 5533:A. buselaphus 5529: 5528: 5526: 5524: 5523: 5518: 5512: 5510: 5505: 5503: 5501: 5496: 5495: 5493: 5491: 5490: 5485: 5479: 5477: 5472: 5471: 5469: 5467: 5466: 5461: 5458: 5456: 5452: 5442: 5440: 5437:Grey rhebok ( 5435: 5434: 5432: 5430: 5429: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5415: 5405: 5403: 5398: 5397: 5395: 5393: 5392: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5381:Aepycerotinae 5378: 5368: 5366: 5361: 5359: 5357: 5352: 5350: 5348: 5343: 5342: 5340: 5338: 5337: 5332: 5326: 5324: 5319: 5317: 5315: 5312:Nile lechwe ( 5310: 5308: 5306: 5301: 5299: 5297: 5292: 5290: 5288: 5283: 5282: 5280: 5278: 5277: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5263: 5253: 5251: 5246: 5245: 5243: 5241: 5240: 5235: 5229: 5227: 5222: 5220: 5218: 5213: 5211: 5209: 5204: 5202: 5200: 5195: 5194: 5192: 5190: 5189: 5184: 5178: 5176: 5171: 5169: 5167: 5162: 5161: 5159: 5157: 5156: 5151: 5148: 5146: 5145:Hippotraginae 5142: 5138: 5133: 5126: 5122: 5104: 5102: 5097: 5095: 5093: 5088: 5086: 5084: 5079: 5078: 5076: 5074: 5073: 5068: 5062: 5060: 5055: 5053: 5051: 5046: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5039: 5034: 5028: 5026: 5021: 5018: 5016: 5011: 5010: 5008: 5006: 5005: 5000: 4994: 4992: 4991:B. dichotomus 4987: 4986: 4984: 4982: 4981: 4976: 4970: 4968: 4965:Pampas deer ( 4963: 4962: 4960: 4958: 4957: 4952: 4946: 4944: 4939: 4937: 4935: 4930: 4928: 4926: 4925:M. nemorivaga 4921: 4919: 4917: 4912: 4910: 4908: 4903: 4901: 4899: 4894: 4892: 4890: 4885: 4883: 4881: 4876: 4874: 4872: 4869:Red brocket ( 4867: 4866: 4864: 4862: 4861: 4856: 4850: 4848: 4843: 4841: 4839: 4838:H. antisensis 4834: 4833: 4831: 4829: 4828: 4823: 4817: 4815: 4810: 4809: 4807: 4805: 4804: 4799: 4793: 4791: 4786: 4784: 4782: 4777: 4776: 4774: 4772: 4771: 4766: 4760: 4758: 4753: 4752: 4750: 4748: 4747: 4742: 4736: 4734: 4729: 4728: 4726: 4724: 4723: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4709: 4699: 4697: 4692: 4690: 4688: 4683: 4681: 4679: 4678:C. canadensis 4674: 4672: 4670: 4665: 4663: 4661: 4656: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4650: 4645: 4639: 4637: 4632: 4630: 4628: 4627:R. timorensis 4623: 4621: 4619: 4614: 4612: 4610: 4605: 4604: 4602: 4600: 4599: 4594: 4588: 4586: 4585:E. davidianus 4581: 4580: 4578: 4576: 4575: 4570: 4564: 4562: 4557: 4555: 4553: 4552:R. duvaucelii 4548: 4547: 4545: 4543: 4542: 4537: 4531: 4529: 4524: 4522: 4520: 4517:Bawean deer ( 4515: 4513: 4511: 4506: 4504: 4502: 4497: 4496: 4494: 4492: 4491: 4486: 4480: 4478: 4473: 4471: 4469: 4464: 4463: 4461: 4459: 4458: 4453: 4447: 4445: 4442:Tufted deer ( 4440: 4439: 4437: 4435: 4434: 4429: 4423: 4421: 4416: 4414: 4412: 4407: 4405: 4403: 4398: 4396: 4394: 4389: 4387: 4385: 4380: 4378: 4376: 4375:M. putaoensis 4371: 4369: 4367: 4362: 4360: 4358: 4353: 4351: 4349: 4344: 4342: 4340: 4335: 4333: 4331: 4326: 4324: 4322: 4321:M. crinifrons 4317: 4315: 4313: 4308: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4302: 4297: 4294: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4279: 4272: 4268: 4254: 4252: 4248: 4242: 4240: 4236: 4226: 4224: 4219: 4217: 4215: 4214:T. versicolor 4210: 4208: 4206: 4201: 4199: 4197: 4192: 4190: 4188: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4174: 4173: 4171: 4169: 4168: 4163: 4157: 4155: 4150: 4148: 4146: 4141: 4139: 4137: 4132: 4131: 4129: 4127: 4126: 4121: 4115: 4113: 4108: 4107: 4105: 4103: 4102: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4088: 4078: 4076: 4071: 4069: 4067: 4062: 4060: 4058: 4053: 4051: 4049: 4044: 4042: 4040: 4035: 4033: 4031: 4026: 4024: 4022: 4021:M. anhuiensis 4017: 4016: 4014: 4012: 4011: 4006: 4003: 4001: 3997: 3987: 3985: 3980: 3978: 3976: 3975:G. reticulata 3971: 3969: 3967: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3953: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3947: 3942: 3936: 3934: 3929: 3928: 3926: 3924: 3923: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3909: 3899: 3897: 3892: 3891: 3889: 3887: 3886: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3858: 3854: 3848: 3844: 3842: 3838: 3836: 3832: 3830: 3826: 3824: 3820: 3819: 3816: 3811: 3803: 3798: 3796: 3791: 3789: 3784: 3783: 3780: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3758: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3730: 3726: 3718: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3696: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3671:Human Ecology 3667: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3651: 3646: 3641: 3638:(6928): 135. 3637: 3633: 3629: 3624: 3620: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3557: 3552: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3535: 3533: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3497: 3492: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3403: 3399: 3395: 3391: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3357: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3333: 3328: 3323: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3295: 3290: 3289: 3284: 3267: 3261: 3258: 3242: 3240: 3232: 3229: 3216: 3212: 3206: 3203: 3198: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3148: 3145: 3133: 3129: 3123: 3120: 3108: 3104: 3097: 3095: 3091: 3079: 3075: 3068: 3065: 3062:; 29 May 2015 3061: 3056: 3053: 3040: 3039:Informburo.kz 3036: 3030: 3028: 3024: 3020:. Worldviews. 3019: 3015: 3008: 3005: 3000: 2999: 2994: 2988: 2985: 2980: 2976: 2970: 2967: 2962: 2961: 2956: 2949: 2946: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2931:9783319010168 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2908: 2905: 2899: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2875: 2872: 2860: 2856: 2850: 2847: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2820: 2817: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2790: 2787: 2782: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2747: 2744: 2732: 2728: 2722: 2719: 2715: 2710: 2707: 2702: 2695: 2692: 2680: 2674: 2670: 2669: 2661: 2658: 2646: 2640: 2636: 2635: 2630: 2624: 2621: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2603:Mammal Review 2597: 2595: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2583: 2578: 2571: 2568: 2563: 2556: 2553: 2541: 2537: 2530: 2527: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2501: 2496: 2489: 2486: 2481: 2475: 2472: 2460: 2456: 2449: 2446: 2434: 2430: 2423: 2420: 2407: 2403: 2397: 2394: 2381: 2375: 2372: 2359: 2355: 2349: 2346: 2341: 2335: 2332: 2319: 2315: 2309: 2306: 2301: 2295: 2291: 2286: 2285: 2276: 2273: 2268: 2264: 2257: 2255: 2253: 2251: 2247: 2242: 2236: 2231: 2230: 2221: 2218: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2170: 2168: 2158: 2155: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2134: 2130: 2126: 2119: 2116: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2084: 2081: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2041: 2039: 2035: 2026: 2023: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1998: 1991: 1988: 1983: 1979: 1972: 1970: 1961: 1958: 1953: 1947: 1943: 1936: 1933: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1905:(2): 484–93. 1904: 1900: 1899: 1894: 1887: 1885: 1881: 1876: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1861: 1856: 1850: 1847: 1842: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1818: 1816: 1814: 1810: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1791: 1787: 1786: 1781: 1777: 1775: 1769: 1763: 1761: 1757: 1752: 1748: 1746: 1740: 1734: 1731: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1704: 1696: 1693: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1653: 1650: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1621: 1613: 1611: 1602: 1600: 1598: 1596: 1594: 1592: 1590: 1586: 1573: 1569: 1568: 1563: 1561: 1552: 1550: 1548: 1546: 1544: 1542: 1538: 1531: 1529: 1528:keep saigas. 1527: 1523: 1515: 1513: 1511: 1507: 1499: 1497: 1495: 1490: 1487: 1485: 1480: 1478: 1474: 1473: 1468: 1465: 1461: 1456: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1433: 1431: 1427: 1419: 1417: 1415: 1410: 1406: 1398: 1393: 1391: 1384: 1382: 1375: 1373: 1371: 1366: 1362: 1360: 1356: 1351: 1345: 1343: 1341: 1335: 1333: 1329: 1321: 1316: 1310: 1306: 1301: 1294: 1292: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1274: 1272: 1270: 1266: 1260: 1257: 1253: 1247: 1245: 1241: 1236: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1215:and Canada's 1214: 1210: 1209:Bering Strait 1206: 1202: 1201:British Isles 1198: 1195:. During the 1194: 1186: 1184: 1181: 1177: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1159: 1157: 1156:IUCN Red List 1153: 1145: 1143: 1141: 1137: 1136:golden eagles 1133: 1132:steppe eagles 1129: 1125: 1121: 1112: 1106: 1101: 1097: 1095: 1091: 1083: 1081: 1077: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1059: 1052: 1050: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 997: 993: 988: 981: 974: 973: 965: 964: 961: 960: 954: 953: 950: 949: 941: 940: 932: 931: 923: 922: 919: 918: 912: 911: 908: 907: 904: 903: 897: 896: 890: 889: 886: 885: 877: 876: 868: 867: 864: 863: 862: 855: 854: 851: 850: 847: 846: 845: 838: 837: 831: 830: 827: 826: 818: 817: 814: 813: 807: 806: 803: 802: 799: 798: 797: 790: 789: 783: 782: 776: 775: 769: 768: 762: 761: 755: 754: 750: 748: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 719:mitochondrial 716: 712: 709: 705: 700: 698: 694: 690: 686: 682: 674: 671: 667: 660: 657: 651: 648: 647: 646: 644: 640: 637: 633: 629: 628: 622: 621:Carl Linnaeus 618: 615: 607: 605: 603: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 550: 546: 543:which during 542: 538: 534: 533: 526: 502: 488: 484: 483:Ibex imberbis 481: 477: 473: 470: 465: 462: 457: 454: 449: 446: 442: 438: 435: 426: 423: 419: 415: 411: 406: 402: 397: 392: 389: 387: 384: 383: 381: 376: 371: 365: 363: 357: 354: 353:Binomial name 350: 346: 345: 340: 337: 336: 331: 326: 325: 321: 318: 317: 314: 311: 308: 307: 304: 301: 298: 297: 294: 291: 288: 287: 284: 281: 278: 277: 274: 271: 268: 267: 264: 261: 258: 257: 254: 251: 248: 247: 244: 241: 238: 237: 232: 227: 223: 217: 211: 206: 200: 195: 184: 180: 175: 171: 167: 162: 158: 153: 149: 145: 140: 136: 131: 117: 112: 107: 102: 97: 92: 87: 82: 77: 72: 67: 62: 48: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 8649:Desert fauna 8644:EDGE species 8550: 8234: 8176: 8164: 8153:H. amphibius 8152: 8142:Hippopotamus 8140: 8120:Whippomorpha 8089: 8080: 8071: 8059: 8047: 8038: 8029: 8020: 8008: 7957: 7945: 7933: 7921: 7909: 7897: 7872: 7863: 7854: 7845: 7836: 7827: 7818: 7809: 7801:S. cebifrons 7800: 7791: 7782: 7770: 7758: 7749: 7737: 7725: 7713: 7702:P. africanus 7701: 7692: 7682:Phacochoerus 7680: 7668: 7656: 7644: 7635: 7627:B. babyrussa 7626: 7614: 7563: 7551: 7539: 7531:P. maxwellii 7530: 7522:P. monticola 7521: 7509: 7497: 7488: 7479: 7470: 7462:C. rufilatus 7461: 7452: 7443: 7434: 7425: 7416: 7407: 7398: 7389: 7380: 7379:Bay duiker ( 7372:C. crusalbum 7371: 7362: 7353: 7344: 7332: 7324:Cephalophini 7307: 7299:R. melanotis 7298: 7289: 7277: 7265: 7253: 7241: 7229: 7217: 7209:N. moschatus 7208: 7199: 7187: 7175: 7166: 7157: 7149:M. guentheri 7148: 7136: 7125:D. megalotis 7124: 7112: 7087: 7085: 7076: 7075: 7064:P. hodgsonii 7063: 7051: 7028: 7019: 7011:P. gutturosa 7010: 6998: 6986: 6977: 6968: 6959: 6950: 6938: 6926: 6914: 6902: 6893: 6884: 6875: 6867:G. erlangeri 6866: 6857: 6848: 6840:G. bennettii 6839: 6827: 6815: 6807:E. thomsonii 6806: 6798:E. rufifrons 6797: 6788: 6776: 6764: 6752: 6740: 6728: 6716: 6704: 6646: 6638:T. derbianus 6637: 6625: 6613: 6604: 6595: 6586: 6577: 6569:T. eurycerus 6568: 6559: 6550: 6526: 6518:Tragelaphini 6501: 6489: 6477: 6465: 6453: 6444: 6436:B. javanicus 6435: 6426: 6418:B. grunniens 6417: 6408: 6400:B. frontalis 6399: 6390: 6381: 6372: 6360: 6348: 6339: 6330: 6321: 6312: 6300: 6275: 6263: 6251: 6239: 6186:R. rupicapra 6185: 6177:R. pyrenaica 6176: 6164: 6152: 6140: 6128: 6119: 6118:Snow sheep ( 6110: 6101: 6100:Dall sheep ( 6092: 6083: 6074: 6062: 6051:N. hylocrius 6050: 6038: 6027:O. moschatus 6026: 6014: 6002: 5990: 5978: 5969: 5960: 5951: 5939: 5927: 5915: 5903: 5894: 5885: 5876: 5864: 5852: 5851:Walia ibex ( 5843: 5835:C. pyrenaica 5834: 5825: 5816: 5807: 5799:C. falconeri 5798: 5789: 5780: 5771: 5759: 5748:B. taxicolor 5747: 5735: 5723: 5711: 5699: 5687: 5603:P. hodgsonii 5602: 5590: 5565: 5556: 5546:Connochaetes 5544: 5532: 5531:Hartebeest ( 5520: 5508: 5499: 5487: 5475: 5463: 5455:Alcelaphinae 5439:P. capreolus 5438: 5426: 5401: 5389: 5364: 5355: 5347:R. arundinum 5346: 5334: 5322: 5314:K. megaceros 5313: 5304: 5295: 5286: 5274: 5249: 5237: 5225: 5216: 5207: 5198: 5186: 5174: 5165: 5153: 5100: 5091: 5082: 5070: 5058: 5049: 5036: 5024: 5014: 5002: 4990: 4989:Marsh deer ( 4978: 4966: 4954: 4942: 4933: 4924: 4915: 4906: 4897: 4888: 4879: 4871:M. americana 4870: 4858: 4846: 4837: 4827:Hippocamelus 4825: 4813: 4801: 4789: 4781:C. capreolus 4780: 4768: 4756: 4755:Water deer ( 4744: 4732: 4720: 4695: 4686: 4677: 4668: 4659: 4647: 4635: 4626: 4618:R. mariannus 4617: 4608: 4596: 4584: 4572: 4560: 4559:Eld's deer ( 4551: 4550:Barasingha ( 4539: 4527: 4518: 4509: 4500: 4488: 4476: 4467: 4455: 4443: 4431: 4419: 4411:M. vaginalis 4410: 4401: 4392: 4383: 4374: 4365: 4356: 4347: 4338: 4329: 4320: 4312:M. atherodes 4311: 4299: 4222: 4213: 4205:T. nigricans 4204: 4195: 4186: 4178:T. javanicus 4177: 4165: 4153: 4144: 4135: 4123: 4112:H. aquaticus 4111: 4099: 4074: 4065: 4056: 4047: 4038: 4029: 4020: 4008: 3983: 3974: 3965: 3956: 3944: 3933:O. johnstoni 3932: 3920: 3896:A. americana 3895: 3883: 3845:Superorder: 3839:Infraclass: 3810:Artiodactyla 3766: 3707: 3703: 3674: 3670: 3635: 3631: 3594: 3590: 3565: 3561: 3541: 3537: 3531: 3504: 3500: 3464: 3460: 3431: 3427: 3393: 3389: 3364: 3360: 3335: 3331: 3307:(1): 35–46. 3304: 3300: 3270:. 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Retrieved 1571: 1565: 1559: 1526:Askania-Nova 1519: 1516:In captivity 1503: 1500:Conservation 1491: 1488: 1481: 1470: 1469: 1457: 1434: 1423: 1402: 1388: 1379: 1367: 1363: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1336: 1325: 1280: 1278: 1261: 1248: 1237: 1232: 1205:Central Asia 1190: 1187:Former range 1160: 1149: 1117: 1087: 1078: 1060: 1056: 1039: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1005:(nearly 0.1 1000: 958: 957: 915: 900: 859: 858: 842: 841: 810: 794: 793: 746: 738: 701: 693:phylogenetic 678: 672: 658: 649: 638: 631: 626: 616: 611: 601: 576: 536: 531: 530: 500: 498: 487:S. G. Gmelin 482: 471: 463: 455: 447: 436: 413: 412:(green) and 409: 390: 385: 361: 359: 343: 342: 323: 322: 283:Artiodactyla 44: 8404:iNaturalist 8259:Wikispecies 8030:L. guanicoe 7889:Tayassuidae 7853:Wild boar ( 7792:S. barbatus 7750:P. larvatus 7726:P. salvania 7724:Pygmy hog ( 7658:Hylochoerus 7511:Philantomba 7399:C. jentinki 7381:C. dorsalis 7334:Cephalophus 7218:N. pygmaeus 7176:M. saltiana 7114:Dorcatragus 7088:S. tatarica 6978:N. petersii 6916:Litocranius 6816:E. tilonura 6763:Blackbuck ( 6739:Springbok ( 6682:Antilopinae 6680:(subfamily 6627:Taurotragus 6594:Sitatunga ( 6587:T. scriptus 6578:T. imberbis 6535:(including 6528:Tragelaphus 6349:B. quarlesi 6231:Boselaphini 6215:(subfamily 6120:O. nivicola 5961:N. caudatus 5950:Red goral ( 5941:Naemorhedus 5904:C. swinhoei 5884:Red serow ( 5866:Capricornis 5844:C. sibirica 5781:C. caucasia 5772:C. aegagrus 5770:Wild goat ( 5724:A. jayakari 5713:Arabitragus 5672:(subfamily 5643:Antilopinae 5566:C. taurinus 5509:D. pygargus 5402:A. melampus 5323:K. vardonii 5285:Waterbuck ( 5226:O. leucoryx 5155:Hippotragus 5083:O. hemionus 5081:Mule deer ( 4980:Blastocerus 4889:M. bricenii 4847:H. bisulcus 4814:R. tarandus 4790:C. pygargus 4712:Capreolinae 4694:Sika deer ( 4636:R. unicolor 4625:Rusa deer ( 4528:A. porcinus 4348:M. montanus 4145:M. kathygre 3894:Pronghorn ( 3885:Antilocapra 3740:media from 3544:: 103–107. 3272:28 November 3250:19 December 3215:ProMED-mail 2809:19 December 2684:19 December 2650:19 December 2609:(1): 1–52. 2545:19 December 2507:: 357–362. 2364:19 December 2324:19 December 2135:: 150–161. 1984:(1): 74–80. 1723:19 December 1623:(38): 1–4. 1578:11 December 1494:goat plague 1256:Ural Rivers 1171:Betpak-Dala 1163:Ural region 1090:semideserts 1015:S. borealis 1003:Pleistocene 670:Pleistocene 597:Betpak-Dala 565:Pleistocene 478:, 1816 472:Cemas colus 464:Capra sayga 443:, 1766 378:Subspecies 303:Antilopinae 299:Subfamily: 212:Appendix II 8623:Categories 8566:Q122271287 8166:Choeropsis 8048:L. vicugna 7934:C. wagneri 7837:S. oliveri 7828:S. heureni 7564:S. grimmia 7553:Sylvicapra 7540:P. walteri 7453:C. rubidis 7444:C. ogilbyi 7390:C. harveyi 7354:C. brookei 7308:R. sharpei 7288:Steenbok ( 7279:Raphicerus 7231:Oreotragus 7104:Neotragini 7053:Pantholops 6969:N. notatus 6927:L. walleri 6876:G. gazella 6849:G. cuvieri 6838:Chinkara ( 6730:Antidorcas 6717:A. clarkei 6706:Ammodorcas 6696:Antilopini 6596:T. spekeii 6560:T. buxtoni 6551:T. angasii 6443:Wild yak ( 6427:B. indicus 6382:B. bonasus 6322:B. bubalis 6265:Boselaphus 6241:Tetracerus 6111:O. gmelini 5979:N. griseus 5952:N. baileyi 5917:Hemitragus 5886:C. rubidus 5877:C. crispus 5826:C. nubiana 5689:Ammotragus 5592:Pantholops 5522:Alcelaphus 5507:Bontebok ( 5500:D. lunatus 5489:Damaliscus 5476:B. hunteri 5365:R. redunca 5266:Reduncinae 5217:O. gazella 5166:H. equinus 5092:O. pandora 5072:Odocoileus 4956:Ozotoceros 4812:Reindeer ( 4757:H. inermis 4746:Hydropotes 4669:C. elaphus 4667:Red deer ( 4609:R. alfredi 4526:Hog deer ( 4384:M. reevesi 4357:M. muntjak 4187:T. kanchil 4154:M. meminna 4101:Hyemoschus 4091:Tragulidae 4048:M. cupreus 3966:G. giraffa 3912:Giraffidae 3863:Ruminantia 3677:: 87–110. 3083:3 February 1971:on Mendip" 1823:Groves, C. 1532:References 1522:Almaty Zoo 1322:government 1269:rhinoceros 1105:Kazakhstan 741:) and the 711:Antilopini 643:subspecies 172:, Ukraine 8118:Suborder 8028:Guanaco ( 8000:Camelidae 7986:Suborder 7958:D. tajacu 7947:Dicotyles 7923:Catagonus 7910:T. pecari 7855:S. scrofa 7759:P. porcus 7748:Bushpig ( 7616:Babyrousa 7592:Suborder 7489:C. weynsi 7480:C. spadix 7345:C. adersi 7266:O. ourebi 7200:N. batesi 7189:Neotragus 7158:M. kirkii 6960:N. granti 6925:Gerenuk ( 6894:G. spekei 6858:G. dorcas 6715:Dibatag ( 6502:S. caffer 6467:Pseudoryx 6454:B. taurus 6434:Banteng ( 6409:B. gaurus 6338:Tamaraw ( 6184:Chamois ( 6166:Rupicapra 6153:P. nayaur 6129:O. vignei 6109:Mouflon ( 5808:C. hircus 5797:Markhor ( 5700:A. lervia 5465:Beatragus 5391:Aepyceros 5215:Gemsbok ( 5208:O. dammah 5050:P. carlae 4943:M. temama 4934:M. rufina 4898:M. chunyi 4880:M. bororo 4770:Capreolus 4696:C. nippon 4687:C. hanglu 4574:Elaphurus 4519:A. kuhlii 4433:Elaphodus 4301:Muntiacus 4136:M. indica 4125:Moschiola 4057:M. fuscus 4000:Moschidae 3861:Suborder 3821:Kingdom: 2829:Supercook 2629:Ellis, R. 2540:Geography 2212:205363165 2096:: 270–8. 2075:131699605 1827:Grubb, P. 1772:"Species 1768:Grubb, P. 1477:bacterium 1449:sainfoins 1426:epizootic 1405:ungulates 1320:Hong Kong 1019:S. prisca 992:taxidermy 982:Evolution 902:Springbok 812:Blackbuck 735:springbok 704:phylogeny 561:Dzungaria 545:antiquity 338:Species: 249:Kingdom: 243:Eukaryota 150:, Russia 8560:Wikidata 8534:Species+ 8474:14200666 8422:11113630 8244:Wikidata 8090:C. ferus 8046:Vicuña ( 8039:L. pacos 8037:Alpaca ( 8021:L. glama 7988:Tylopoda 7498:C. zebra 7426:C. niger 7000:Procapra 6778:Eudorcas 6754:Antilope 6491:Syncerus 6452:Cattle ( 6445:B. mutus 6373:B. bison 6313:B. arnee 6274:Nilgai ( 6151:Bharal ( 6142:Pseudois 6102:O. dalli 6084:O. aries 6075:O. ammon 6073:Argali ( 6025:Muskox ( 5992:Oreamnos 5970:N. goral 5853:C. walie 5737:Budorcas 5674:Caprinae 5619:Caprinae 5474:Hirola ( 5418:Peleinae 5400:Impala ( 5305:K. leche 5303:Lechwe ( 5199:O. beisa 5175:H. niger 4836:Taruca ( 4803:Rangifer 4733:A. alces 4634:Sambar ( 4561:R. eldii 4541:Rucervus 4499:Chital ( 4291:Cervinae 4278:Cervidae 4239:Cervidae 4167:Tragulus 3841:Eutheria 3835:Mammalia 3829:Chordata 3827:Phylum: 3823:Animalia 3771:Archived 3691:67810286 3654:12634775 3619:22806238 3611:15827221 3491:17341456 3418:86008409 3352:83904273 3197:29376120 3137:19 April 2940:55229757 2859:lenta.ru 2631:(2004). 2459:BBC News 2438:19 April 2412:5 August 2358:BBC News 2204:20874761 1927:23485920 1857:(1998). 1829:(2011). 1804:62265494 1770:(2005). 1741:(1766). 1687:18451816 1460:Tashkent 1207:and the 1203:through 1176:poaching 1035:Holocene 1027:S. ricei 861:Eudorcas 689:Caprinae 581:Kalmykia 573:Beringia 557:Caucasus 541:antelope 422:Synonyms 370:Linnaeus 289:Family: 273:Mammalia 263:Chordata 259:Phylum: 253:Animalia 239:Domain: 199:IUCN 3.1 32:Saiga-12 8601:ZooBank 8593:4409365 8461:1006176 8396:2441067 8344:1038782 8250:Q126683 8202:Cetacea 8193:Cetacea 8061:Camelus 8019:Llama ( 7899:Tayassu 7715:Porcula 7264:Oribi ( 7255:Ourebia 7138:Madoqua 7123:Beira ( 7044:Saigini 6951:N. dama 6829:Gazella 6678:Bovidae 6676:Family 6647:T. oryx 6567:Bongo ( 6549:Nyala ( 6476:Saola ( 6398:Gayal ( 6302:Bubalus 6217:Bovinae 6213:Bovidae 6211:Family 6127:Urial ( 5817:C. ibex 5746:Takin ( 5670:Bovidae 5668:Family 5631:Bovinae 5557:C. gnou 5336:Redunca 5248:Addax ( 5132:Bovidae 5130:Family 5038:Pudella 5025:P. pudu 4916:M. nana 4731:Moose ( 4501:A. axis 4468:D. dama 4330:M. feae 4276:Family 4251:Bovidae 4196:T. napu 4010:Moschus 3946:Giraffa 3931:Okapi ( 3833:Class: 3812:species 3808:Extant 3767:YouTube 3662:4409236 3570:Bibcode 3509:Bibcode 3482:2176182 3436:Bibcode 3398:Bibcode 3369:Bibcode 3309:Bibcode 3221:9 March 3188:5777396 3167:Bibcode 3112:26 June 2998:Reuters 2781:2404596 2761:Bibcode 2509:Bibcode 2184:Bibcode 2137:Bibcode 2098:Bibcode 2055:Bibcode 2036:versus 2005:Bibcode 1907:Bibcode 1667:Bibcode 1637:3503906 1441:alfalfa 1346:Hunting 1295:Threats 1225:Scythia 1154:on the 1094:steppes 1068:ventral 917:Gerenuk 796:Gazella 743:gerenuk 729:to the 715:nuclear 706:of the 593:Ustyurt 416:(red). 372:, 1766) 319:Genus: 313:Saigini 309:Tribe: 293:Bovidae 279:Order: 269:Class: 214: ( 197: ( 122:↓ 8513:274566 8435:625120 8370:305251 8357:SAIGTA 8305:462623 8287:ARKive 7606:Suidae 7207:Suni ( 6940:Nanger 6425:Zebu ( 6407:Gaur ( 6292:Bovini 6016:Ovibos 5321:Puku ( 5296:K. kob 4860:Mazama 4649:Cervus 3922:Okapia 3742:ARKive 3689: 3660: 3652: 3632:Nature 3617: 3609: 3489: 3479: 3416: 3350: 3217:. 2017 3195: 3185: 3132:cbc.ca 3045:1 June 2938: 2928: 2779: 2675: 2641: 2464:4 July 2386:25 May 2360:. 2010 2296: 2237: 2210: 2202: 2073: 1948: 1925: 1871: 1837: 1802: 1792: 1685: 1635: 1508:, the 1445:clover 1285:Sharga 1229:Strabo 1213:Alaska 1193:Eemian 1140:ravens 1138:, and 1124:wolves 1073:moults 1031:Crimea 844:Nanger 727:sister 641:. 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