52:
822:
80:
265:, fire-affected rock, charred seeds, and mortars at the cave site. The rock overhangs and caves have fire-scarred roofs that bear evidence of occupancy over hundreds of years. The Wagon Cave Research Natural Area of 806 acres (326 ha) contains diverse stands of Valley Oaks of varying ages and densities and has been recommended as a Research Natural Areas within the Los Padres National Forest.
157:
122:
248:
is an archeological site that was used by the
Salinan Antonianos subtribe who researchers believe occupied at least two villages in the area, an older site dating to approximately 450 A.D. and a later, protohistoric site with dates ranging from about 1450 to 1650 A.D. Archeologists have found a
232:
behind indicating that they lived in the area in numbers along the coast. Their main diet during the summer consisted of fish and shellfish, evidenced by the fine particles of shell present in the soil for a depth of several feet in areas where the
Indians camped. The Salinan named the peak
810:
277:, as the Spanish did not understand if the people had a name for themselves. The people's own name is "Te'po'ta'ahl" or "People of the Oaks," according to current tribal leadership.
1216:
1206:
366:
321:; this classification has found its way into more recent encyclopedias and presentations of language families, but serious supporting evidence has never been presented.
1211:
401:
1201:
803:
788:
1171:
796:
783:
520:
627:
447:
1186:
1176:
1181:
760:
826:
330:
356:
174:
113:
182:
578:
897:
755:, vol. 8 (California). William C. Sturtevant, and Robert F. Heizer, eds. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 1978.
178:
497:
146:
225:
and, like most other
California tribes, were organized in small groups with little centralized political structure.
1196:
274:
190:
704:
344:
409:
150:
1191:
1166:
1095:
490:"Monterey County Historical Society, Local History Pages--Overview of Post-Hispanic Monterey County History"
286:
601:
335:
Estimates for the pre-contact populations of most native groups in
California have varied substantially.
218:
376:
173:
lived in the lower part of the
Salinas Valley (which flows south to north), near the future site of two
24:
541:
314:
202:
198:
194:
756:
623:
620:
Native
California: An Introductory Guide to the Original Peoples from Earliest to Modern Times
443:
340:
336:
245:
214:
138:
877:
361:
306:
302:
101:
97:
20:
705:"Census 2000 PHC-T-18. American Indian and Alaska Native Tribes in the United States: 2000"
51:
1011:
310:
278:
222:
1090:
1057:
882:
134:
402:"Obi Kaufmann & The California Field Atlas; Botanical Artistry Of October, Part 2"
1160:
1110:
1062:
990:
371:
318:
210:
984:
861:
773:
519:
Cummings, Linda Scott; Puseman, Kathryn; Dexter, Jaime; Eksambekar, Sanjay (2005).
439:
254:
1140:
1130:
995:
908:
887:
847:
653:"Salinan Language and the Salinan Indian Tribe (Sextapay, Antoniano, Migueleno)"
570:
464:
241:
1015:
963:
958:
872:
842:
821:
652:
420:
262:
258:
142:
85:
1125:
1029:
979:
942:
857:
521:"POLLEN, PHYTOLlTH, AND MACROFLORAL ANALYSIS AT SITE CA-MNT-307, CALIFORNIA"
489:
892:
169:
There were two major divisions and one subgroup. From north to south, the
121:
1074:
1068:
952:
937:
867:
852:
837:
250:
133:
are a Native
American tribe whose ancestral territory is in the southern
156:
1100:
1046:
1006:
1001:
973:
921:
917:
903:
727:
American Indian languages: the historical linguistics of Native
America
313:
language family. Sapir included it in a subfamily of Hokan, along with
1135:
1084:
1079:
1036:
1021:
229:
244:
rock formation about 18 miles (29 km) northwest of present-day
784:
National Public Radio segment by
Allison Herrera, December 13, 2017
1145:
1120:
1115:
1105:
968:
932:
927:
155:
120:
766:
Marlett, Stephen A. 2008. The Seri-Salinan connection revisited.
735:
The
Conflict between the California Indian and White Civilization
1041:
947:
913:
744:. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin No. 78. Washington, D.C.
343:
similarly estimated that there were at least 700 Salinans. The
792:
618:
Eargle, Dolan H. Jr (5 January 2007). Dodsworth, Fred (ed.).
16:
Native people and language of Monterey County, California
145:. Today, the Salinan governments are now working toward
737:. Berkeley, California: University of California Press.
347:
reported a total population of Salinan people as 681.
776:. 1925. The Hokan affinity of Subtiaba in Nicaragua.
107:
91:
71:
61:
42:
293:was the native word for the Salinan headquarters.
160:Map of Salinan placenames, dialects, and tribelets
56:Miguelino family near Mission San Antonio de Padua
339:put the 1770 population of the Salinan as 3,000.
261:, and non-human bones, as well as shell, bone,
1217:People from San Luis Obispo County, California
1207:History of San Luis Obispo County, California
804:
768:International Journal of American Linguistics
8:
37:
811:
797:
789:
50:
36:
125:Pre-contact distribution of the Salinan.
1212:People from Monterey County, California
392:
1202:History of Monterey County, California
602:"The Ethnology of the Salinan Indians"
742:Handbook of the Indians of California
400:Jewell, Jennifer (October 12, 2018).
367:Painted Rock (San Luis Obispo County)
7:
900:(Lassik, Nongatl, Sinkyone, Wailaki)
72:Regions with significant populations
273:The tribe's name is taken from the
753:Handbook of North American Indians
729:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
581:from the original on 17 April 2022
14:
569:Clearinghouse, Passport in Time.
463:Clearinghouse, Passport in Time.
189:lived on the upper course of the
1172:Indigenous peoples of California
827:Indigenous peoples of California
820:
500:from the original on 22 May 2006
78:
331:Population of Native California
213:in the vicinity of what is now
998:(Monache, Owens Valley Paiute)
357:Salinan traditional narratives
305:, spoken until the 1950s is a
114:Salinan traditional narratives
1:
780:27: (3).402-34, (4).491-527.
763:/ 0160045754, pages 500–504.
179:Mission San Antonio de Padua
309:. It may be a part of the
183:Mission San Miguel Arcángel
1233:
1187:Salinas River (California)
1177:California Mission Indians
436:The California Field Atlas
328:
240:The 56 acres (23 ha)
147:federal tribal recognition
18:
833:
740:Kroeber, Alfred L. 1925.
733:Cook, Sherburne F. 1976.
345:2000 United States Census
112:
96:
76:
66:
49:
1182:Salinan populated places
747:Hester, Thomas R. 1978.
600:Mason, J. Alden (1856).
410:North State Public Radio
281:called these people the
193:, and to the south near
151:Bureau of Indian Affairs
141:in the Central Coast of
1096:Plains and Sierra Miwok
955:(Diegueño, Ipai, Tipai)
778:American Anthropologist
725:Campbell, Lyle (1997).
434:Kaufmann, Obi (2017a).
161:
126:
19:For the language, see
1065:(Konomihu, Okwanuchu)
898:Eel River Athapaskans
329:Further information:
159:
124:
657:Native-languages.org
205:. There were also a
23:. For the ship, see
285:on advice from one
199:Junipero Serra Peak
39:
494:www.mchsmuseum.com
195:Slates Hot Springs
165:Geographic origins
162:
127:
67:681 (2000, census)
1197:Santa Lucia Range
1154:
1153:
710:. September 2002.
629:978-0-937401-11-8
449:978-1-59714-402-5
406:Cultivating Place
341:Sherburne F. Cook
337:Alfred L. Kroeber
139:Santa Lucia Range
119:
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469:Passport in Time
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362:Kuksu (religion)
307:language isolate
303:Salinan language
228:They left shell
223:Hunter-gatherers
221:. Salinans were
209:subgroup on the
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82:
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62:Total population
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40:
21:Salinan language
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622:. Trees Co Pr.
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135:Salinas Valley
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774:Sapir, Edward
772:
770:74.3:393-399.
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761:0-16-004578-9
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642:Hester, p.504
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549:www.fs.fed.us
543:
542:"Wagon Caves"
537:
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276:
275:Salinas River
268:
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264:
260:
256:
255:lithic flakes
252:
247:
243:
238:
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226:
224:
220:
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212:
211:Pacific Coast
208:
204:
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191:Salinas River
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22:
1087:(Gabrieliño)
1071:(Fernandeño)
1052:
976:(Bear River)
777:
767:
752:
748:
741:
734:
726:
699:
690:
681:
676:Marlett 2008
672:
660:. Retrieved
656:
647:
638:
619:
613:
595:
583:. Retrieved
574:
571:"Wagon Cave"
564:
552:. Retrieved
548:
536:
524:. Retrieved
514:
502:. Retrieved
493:
484:
472:. Retrieved
468:
465:"Wagon Cave"
458:
440:Heyday Books
435:
429:
419:– via
415:February 13,
413:. Retrieved
405:
395:
378:
334:
300:
290:
282:
272:
263:flaked stone
239:
234:
227:
206:
186:
170:
168:
130:
128:
44:Te'po'ta'ahl
34:Ethnic group
26:
1091:Tübatulabal
909:Halchidhoma
888:Coast Miwok
848:Ahwahnechee
694:Cook, p.187
408:(Podcast).
259:shell beads
242:Wagon Caves
100:, formerly
1161:Categories
1016:Kucadikadi
959:Lake Miwok
873:Chemehuevi
843:Acjachemen
719:References
662:13 October
421:SoundCloud
325:Population
291:En-'ne-sen
283:En-'ne-sen
219:San Simeon
143:California
86:California
1126:Wukchumni
1030:Ramaytush
1026:Costanoan
987:(Klamath)
980:Mechoopda
943:Kitanemuk
878:Chimariko
858:Bay Miwok
381:(ATF-161)
287:informant
269:Etymology
187:Miguelino
171:Antoniano
149:from the
92:Languages
29:(ATF-161)
1075:Timbisha
1069:Tataviam
953:Kumeyaay
938:Kawaiisu
868:Cahuilla
853:Atsugewi
838:Achomawi
585:31 March
579:Archived
554:31 March
504:17 March
498:Archived
474:31 March
351:See also
297:Language
235:Pimkolam
175:missions
137:and the
108:Religion
1101:Vanyume
1058:Serrano
1053:Salinan
1047:Quechan
1007:Nomlaki
1002:Nisenan
974:Mattole
964:Luiseño
922:Whilkut
918:Chilula
904:Esselen
883:Chumash
749:Salinan
526:2 April
379:Salinan
315:Chumash
230:middens
207:Playano
203:Soledad
185:). The
131:Salinan
102:Salinan
98:English
38:Salinan
27:Salinan
1136:Yokuts
1111:Washoe
1085:Tongva
1080:Tolowa
1063:Shasta
1049:(Yuma)
1037:Patwin
1022:Ohlone
991:Mohave
893:Cupeño
862:Saklan
759:
626:
446:
372:Chalon
201:, and
83:
1146:Yurok
1121:Wiyot
1116:Wintu
1106:Wappo
985:Modoc
969:Maidu
933:Cahto
928:Karuk
751:, in
708:(PDF)
605:(PDF)
545:(PDF)
387:Notes
311:Hokan
246:Jolon
215:Lucia
1141:Yuki
1131:Yana
1042:Pomo
996:Mono
948:Kizh
914:Hupa
757:ISBN
664:2017
624:ISBN
587:2022
556:2022
528:2022
506:2022
476:2022
444:ISBN
417:2019
377:USS
319:Seri
317:and
301:The
217:and
181:and
129:The
25:USS
177:: (
1163::
920:,
655:.
577:.
573:.
547:.
496:.
492:.
467:.
442:.
438:.
404:.
289:;
257:,
253:,
237:.
197:,
153:.
1018:)
1014:(
924:)
916:(
864:)
860:(
812:e
805:t
798:v
666:.
632:.
607:.
589:.
558:.
530:.
508:.
478:.
452:.
423:.
31:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
