1938:
1927:
1070:
1919:
601:; they consist simply of stamens, varying in number from two to 10, accompanied by a nectariferous gland and inserted on the base of a scale which is itself borne on the rachis of a drooping raceme called a catkin, or ament. This scale is square, entire, and very hairy. The anthers are rose-colored in the bud, but orange or purple after the flower opens; they are two-celled and the cells open latitudinally. The filaments are threadlike, usually pale brown, and often bald.
160:
1482:'s account, written about 1597, focuses on the ability of the leaves and bark to "stay the spitting of blood, and all other fluxes of blood", if boiled in wine and drunk, but adds a treatment for fever, saying: "the green boughs with the leaves may very well be brought into chambers and set about the beds of those that be sick of fevers, for they do mightily cool the heat of the air, which thing is a wonderful refreshing to the sick patients."
1905:
1269:
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5940:
1501:), which was used to treat fevers, and he speculated that the willow would have a similar effect. Over several years he tested it on as many as fifty patients and found it to be highly effective (especially when mixed with cinchona). Whether this was a real effect or not is unknown, but although Stone's remedy was experimented with by others at the time, it was never adopted by medical practitioners. During the
1737:
438:
1640:
131:
1626:. There are now many papers, books and articles repeating the claim that the ancients used willow for pain relief, and numerous willow-based products can be purchased for this purpose. Modern research suggests that only the mildest analgesic effect could be derived from the use of willow extract, and even that may be due to flavonoids and polyphenols as much as salicylic acid.
7623:
1474:, gives many uses for willow, including to staunch wounds, to "stay the heat of lust" in man or woman, and to provoke urine ("if stopped"), but he makes no mention of any supposed analgesic properties. His recommendation to use the burnt ashes of willow bark, mixed with vinegar, to "take away warts, corns, and superfluous flesh," seems to correspond with modern uses of
1089:
558:
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5950:
2121:. Willow branches are also put up on gates and/or front doors, which they believe help ward off the evil spirits that wander on Qingming. Legend states that on Qingming Festival, the ruler of the underworld allows the spirits of the dead to return to earth. Since their presence may not always be welcome, willow branches keep them away.
1996:(for drawing) as well as living sculptures, woven from live willow rods into shapes such as domes and tunnels. Willow stems are used to weave baskets and three-dimensional sculptures of animals and other figures. Willow stems are also used to create garden features, such as decorative panels and obelisks.
2128:
use a small carving made from willow wood for communicating with the spirits of the dead. The image is sent to the nether world, where the disembodied spirit is deemed to enter it, and give the desired information to surviving relatives on its return. The willow is a famous subject in many East Asian
1523:
for
Peruvian bark, as has also that of the horse-chestnut tree, the leaf of the holly, the snake-root, etc.", he wrote. In the story, Herbert is treated with powdered willow bark to no effect, and is saved when a supply of quinine is discovered. It is clear in the novel that the causes of fevers were
1448:
is uncertain, but it may be something to do with the nervous system. The second is as part of a treatment for the "Great
Debility," when "rush from the green willow tree" is combined with ass's semen, fresh bread, herbs of the field, figs, grapes and wine. Finally, it is used as a stiffening agent in
1593:
reported many uses of willow by Native
Americans. One modern field guide claims that Native Americans across the Americas relied on the willow as a staple of their medical treatments, using the bark to treat ailments such as sore throat and tuberculosis, and further alleging that "Several references
1621:
It was long after the invention of aspirin that the idea emerged that willow bark is an effective painkiller. It may often be based on the belief that willow actually contains aspirin. Articles asserting that the ancients used willow for this purpose have been published in academic journals such as
1426:
texts is a challenge, especially when looking for something as specific as a species of plant being used to treat a recognisable condition. Some 5,000 medical prescriptions have been identified from
Babylonian writings of the 7th to 3rd centuries BC, involving 1,300 drugs from 340 different plants.
540:
Willows are among the earliest woody plants to leaf out in spring and the last to drop their leaves in autumn. In the northern hemisphere, leafout may occur as early as
February depending on the climate and is stimulated by air temperature. If daytime highs reach 10 °C (50 °F) for a few
1851:
An aqueous extract of willow bark is used as a fungicide in the
European Union. The willow bark extract is approved as a 'basic substance' product in the European Union and United Kingdom for the control of scab, leaf peach curl and powdery mildew on grapes, apples and peach crops.
608:(female) flowers are also without calyx or corolla, and consist of a single ovary accompanied by a small, flat nectar gland and inserted on the base of a scale which is likewise borne on the rachis of a catkin. The ovary is one-celled, the style two-lobed, and the ovules numerous.
1216:-control measures along watercourses. They are now regarded as invasive weeds which occupy extensive areas across southern Australia and are considered 'Weeds of National Significance'. Many catchment management authorities are removing and replacing them with native trees.
1109:
and typically short-lived. They require disturbances to outcompete conifers or large deciduous species. The seeds are tiny, plentiful, carried by wind and water, and viable only for a few days; they require warm and moist conditions to take root. The plants can also
3816:"Review report for the basic substance Salix spp cortex finalised in the Standing Committee on Plants, Animals Food and Feed at its meeting on 29 May 2015 in view of the approval of Salix spp cortex as basic substance in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009"
1518:
outlined the state of scientific knowledge concerning medicinal uses of willow when one of his characters, Herbert (Harbert) Brown, was suffering from a fever induced by a bullet wound: "The bark of the willow has, indeed, been justly considered as a
1613:
qualities and recommended its use in treating dyspepsia, worms, chronic diarrhoea and dysentery. Like other herbalists, she makes no mention of it having any analgesic effect, despite widespread awareness of aspirin by this time, and she considered
1545:. Meanwhile, German scientists tried salicylic acid in the form of sodium salicylate, a sodium salt, with less success and more severe side effects. The treatment of rheumatic fever with salicin gradually gained some acceptance in medical circles.
2615:
2865:
2063:, and wildlife habitat. Willows are often planted on the borders of streams so their interlacing roots may protect the bank against the action of the water. The roots are often larger than the stem which grows from them.
4109:
Guidi W., Kadri H., Labrecque L. (2012) "Establishment techniques to using willow for phytoremediation on a former oil refinery in southern-Quebec: achievements and constraints". Chemistry and
Ecology, 28(1):49â64.
4074:
Guidi Nissim W., Jerbi A., Lafleur B., Fluet R., Labrecque M. (2015) "Willows for the treatment of municipal wastewater: long-term performance under different irrigation rates". Ecological
Engineering 81: 395â404.
2186:
in which a young samurai falls in love with a woman called Green Willow who has a close spiritual connection with a willow tree. "The Willow Wife" is another, not dissimilar tale. "Wisdom of the Willow Tree" is an
544:
In the northern hemisphere, leaf drop in autumn occurs when day length shortens to approximately ten hours and 25 minutes, which varies by latitude (as early as the first week of
October for boreal species such as
4452:
Trybush, Sviatlana; JahodovĂĄ, Ć ĂĄrka; Macalpine, William; Karp, Angela (March 2008). "A Genetic Study of a Salix
Germplasm Resource Reveals New Insights into Relationships Among Subgenera, Sections and Species".
4126:
Guidi Nissim W., Palm E., Mancuso S., Azzarello E. (2018) "Trace element phytoextraction from contaminated soil: a case study under Mediterranean climate". Environmental Science and Pollution Research, accepted
522:
are lateral; no absolutely terminal bud is ever formed. The buds are covered by a single scale. Usually, the bud scale is fused into a cap-like shape, but in some species it wraps around and the edges overlap.
2964:
Kuzovkina, Yulia A.; Weih, Martin; Romero, Marta Abalos; Charles, John; Hust, Sarah; McIvor, Ian; Karp, Angelas; Trybush, Sviatlana; Labrecque, Michel (15 April 2008), "Salix: Botany and Global Horticulture",
1957:. Being light and strong, they could be made in any shape and bounced on impact. British production of willow baskets was about 2000 tonnes per year by some 630 manufacturers employing 7000 basket makers.
1322:
have been developed and named over the centuries. New selections of cultivars with superior technical and ornamental characteristics have been chosen deliberately and applied to various purposes. Many
1125:, and are especially valued as a source of early pollen for bees. Various animals browse the foliage or shelter amongst the plants. Beavers use willows to build dams. The trees are used as food by the
1860:
Willow roots spread widely and are very aggressive in seeking out moisture; for this reason, they can become problematic when planted in residential areas, where the roots are notorious for clogging
2154:
In Japanese tradition, the willow is associated with ghosts. It is popularly supposed that a ghost will appear where a willow grows. Willow trees are also quite prevalent in folklore and myths.
4206:
534:
often very conspicuous, resembling tiny, round leaves, and sometimes remaining for half the summer. On some species, however, they are small, inconspicuous, and caducous (soon falling).
7506:
2069:: Poor people at one time often ate willow catkins that had been cooked to form a mash. The inner bark can be eaten raw or cooked, as can the young leaves and underground shoots.
4857:
1777:, which has a long history. The relatively pliable willow is less likely to split while being woven than many other woods, and can be bent around sharp corners in basketry.
1552:, in the 1880s, gave rise to an 'acetylation' craze, where chemists experimented with adding an acetyl group to various aromatic organic compounds. Back in 1853, chemist
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wrote a story called "Under the Willow Tree" (1853) in which children ask questions of a tree they call "willow-father", paired with another entity called "
7496:
4529:
1527:
The first lasting evidence that salicylate, from willow and other plant species, might have real medicinal uses came in 1876, when the Scottish physician
4092:
Guidi Nissim W., Voicu A., Labrecque M. (2014) "Willow short-rotation coppice for treatment of polluted groundwater". Ecological Engineering, 62:102â114
4210:
3861:
667:
Willows are classified into subgenera though what they should be is in flux. Morphological studies generally divide the species into 3 or 5 subgenera:
1449:
a concoction of "fat flesh, figs, dates, incense, garlic and sweet beer" to put the heart into proper working order and make it take up nourishment.
7827:
4850:
7902:
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526:
The leaves are simple, feather-veined, and typically linear-lanceolate. Usually they are serrate, rounded at base, acute or acuminate. The leaf
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mention chewing willow bark as an analgesic for headache and other pain, apparently presaging the development of aspirin in the late 1800s."
1239:
2107:
of compassion. In traditional pictures of Guanyin, she is often shown seated on a rock with a willow branch in a vase of water at her side.
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8092:
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1747:
Some of humans' earliest manufactured items may have been made from willow. A fishing net made from willow dates back to 8300 BC.
7736:
2146:, wrote the poem "By the willow in the rain in the evening", which she gave to her parting lover (Choi Gyeong-chang). Hongrang wrote:
1486:
1202:
3947:
475:. The roots are remarkable for their toughness, size, and tenacity to live, and roots readily sprout from aerial parts of the plant.
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4571:
4498:
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4430:
3873:
3606:
3144:
2982:
2819:
2792:
2748:
2718:
2503:
2340:
1723:
2494:
Helmut Genaust: Etymologisches Wörterbuch der botanischen Pflanzennamen (German). 3rd ed., completely revised and expanded. Nikol,
4049:
7486:
3170:
3584:
Assessment report on Salix [various species including S. purpurea L., S. daphnoides Vill., S. fragilis L.], cortex Final
2527:
1460:, but it is unclear what he considered the therapeutic action to be; it is unlikely to have been pain relief, as he recommended
1427:
Whether any of these relate to willow is uncertain. The seeds of the Haluppu-tree were recommended in the Sumerian narrative of
1242:. This twig was planted and thrived, and legend has it that all of England's weeping willows are descended from this first one.
7876:
7741:
2466:
2414:
2319:
Dickmann, D. I.; Kuzovkina, J. (2014), "Poplars and willows of the world, with emphasis on silviculturally important species",
2265:
1553:
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6229:
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1937:
1865:
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mentions willow (of uncertain species) in three remedies. One, as part of an elaborate recipe for a poultice to "make the
1892:
are much less leaky at the joints, and are therefore less susceptible to problems from willow roots; the same is true of
6838:
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3846:
3111:
2517:
2361:
1966:
38:
1376:
made the bark into a twine which sometimes served as harpoon line. The wood was used by some Native American tribes to
1357:
652:
and was already used by the Romans for various types of willow. A theory is that the word is ultimately derived from a
7710:
4232:
3373:
1479:
1331:
1704:
1444:
supple," which involved 36 other ingredients including "fruit of the dompalm, beans and amaa grains." The meaning of
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5754:
2554:
2191:
story in which a young man seeks answers from a willow tree, addressing the tree in conversation as 'Grandfather'.
1676:
7933:
2086:, or the Feast of Tabernacles, cited in Leviticus 23:40. Willow branches are used during the synagogue service on
1650:
8087:
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5981:
4866:
2458:
2014:
systems, due to its fast growth. Programs in other countries are being developed through initiatives such as the
487:
are typically elongated, but they might also be round to oval, frequently with serrated edges. Most species are
1984:
1926:
7995:
4022:
Mola-Yudego, Blas; Aronsson, PĂ€r. (2008). "Yield models for commercial willow biomass plantations in Sweden".
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1524:
poorly understood, and there is no suggestion at all of any possible analgesic effect from the use of willow.
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159:
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6016:
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1942:
1885:
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and other genera, forming large colonies to feed on plant juices, on the underside of leaves in particular.
1020:
31:
7636:
1069:
728:. They hybridise freely, and over 160 such hybrids have been named.Examples of well-known willows include:
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5900:
5357:
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3802:
2015:
1873:
1453:
1111:
642:
42:
3498:"Letter by FĂŒrstenwerth Regarding Article, "Aspirin: A Historical and Contemporary Therapeutic Overview""
1349:
Names of hybrids and cultivars were until recently (2021) compiled by a working party of the UN FAO, the
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6508:
6370:
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5409:
4992:
1931:
1690:
1510:
1335:
1077:
715:
347:
318:
2738:
1456:
only mentions willow once: the leaves, pounded and boiled in vinegar, were to be used as treatment for
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7845:
3404:
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2290:
507:
7943:
7749:
7616:
7521:
7405:
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6790:
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6450:
6390:
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5581:
5439:
5414:
5209:
5204:
5199:
4972:
4809:
4733:
4462:
2423:
2206:
2157:
In English folklore, a willow tree is believed to be quite sinister, capable of uprooting itself and
1962:
1805:
1561:
1528:
1146:
3199:
978:
7246:
7241:
6775:
6760:
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6735:
6611:
6493:
5224:
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3033:
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1672:
1177:
854:
1980:
1918:
501:
8049:
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7801:
7304:
6814:
6750:
6375:
6330:
6102:
6062:
5521:
5429:
5173:
5049:
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4004:
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3712:
3424:
3092:
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2675:
2439:
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2227:
1502:
1230:
1167:
1138:
903:
756:
154:
3815:
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2913:
2840:
449:
form. These may fall in spring, or last for much of the summer or even for more than one year (
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6853:
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6320:
6162:
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5168:
5113:
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4171:
3996:
3886:
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3329:
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2944:
2938:
2917:
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2754:
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2714:
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2573:
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2336:
2118:
1467:
1429:
1343:
1134:
1030:
1010:
263:
4262:
3911:
3731:
2825:
1260:, has a long history of cultivating willow, and is well known for its willow lined streets.
537:
In color, the leaves show a great variety of greens, ranging from yellowish to bluish color.
7956:
7256:
7231:
7206:
7176:
6833:
6415:
6310:
6077:
5915:
5905:
5890:
5516:
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5153:
5123:
5103:
5059:
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4758:
4748:
4664:
4622:
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4297:
4128:
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3509:
3416:
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3223:
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2581:
2563:
2470:
2431:
2374:
2328:
2041:
2037:
1958:
1889:
1457:
1433:
as treatment for infertility, but the "Haluppu-tree" could have been oak, poplar or willow.
1297:
1284:
1280:
935:
881:
778:
734:
598:
527:
442:
143:
7868:
3624:"Hippocrates and willow bark? What you know about the history of aspirin is probably wrong"
3442:
Buchanan, W. W. (2002). "The Treatment of Acute Rheumatism by Salicin, by T. J. Maclagan â
2782:
2117:
In China, some people carry willow branches with them on the day of their Tomb Sweeping or
1505:, Confederate forces also experimented with willow as a cure for malaria, without success.
586:
on separate plants; the catkins are produced early in the spring, often before the leaves.
7588:
7201:
7137:
6911:
6631:
6601:
6561:
6475:
6177:
5855:
5776:
5541:
5453:
5293:
5135:
5054:
4768:
4617:
3975:"Yield and spatial supply of bioenergy poplar and willow short-rotation coppice in the UK"
3865:
3137:
2734:
2201:
2049:
2011:
1755:
1557:
1373:
1361:
1307:
1225:
1052:
956:
924:
653:
197:
147:
8041:
2044:), although this is not commercially viable. They are used for streambank stabilisation (
2018:
in the US, and the Energy Coppice Project in the UK. Willow may also be grown to produce
628:
did not exist at the time, so types for Linnaeus' genera had to be designated later. The
7780:
4466:
3596:
2427:
1904:
8077:
7567:
7557:
7465:
7425:
7221:
7216:
7181:
7132:
7107:
7097:
7087:
6901:
6664:
6360:
6182:
6167:
6152:
6087:
6052:
5920:
5886:
5759:
5718:
5486:
5389:
5214:
5158:
5118:
5108:
5098:
5071:
5012:
4899:
4874:
4824:
4648:
4539:
4053:
2906:
2586:
2545:
2143:
2087:
2045:
1881:
1590:
1565:
1475:
1409:
1381:
1288:
1272:
1268:
1235:
1106:
1095:
1041:
999:
988:
892:
822:
789:
649:
594:
570:
465:
408:
404:
184:
4523:
3514:
3497:
3420:
3389:
549:
and as late as the third week of December for willows growing in far southern areas).
8071:
7806:
7537:
7430:
7400:
7102:
7072:
7067:
7057:
7004:
6858:
6843:
6805:
6755:
6745:
6498:
6455:
6212:
6137:
6047:
6042:
5895:
5676:
5651:
5596:
5352:
5321:
5148:
5143:
5044:
4987:
3991:
3974:
3240:
3070:
2217:
2029:
1910:
1490:
1461:
1437:
1405:
1377:
1184:
914:
811:
767:
621:
512:
458:
303:
280:
88:
4482:
4008:
3785:
3716:
3428:
3096:
2771:"Mourning Cloak". Study of Northern Virginia Ecology. Fairfax County Public Schools.
2521:
2443:
1736:
1697:
8054:
7350:
7281:
7236:
7226:
7191:
7122:
7117:
7077:
7049:
6984:
6969:
6906:
6878:
6822:
6818:
6810:
6480:
6460:
6197:
6172:
6157:
6117:
6082:
5925:
5910:
5749:
5671:
5561:
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5501:
5469:
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5379:
5362:
5268:
5163:
4763:
4656:
4035:
2223:
2188:
2176:
2158:
2110:
Orthodox churches often use willow branches in place of palms in the ceremonies on
2079:
1954:
1893:
1869:
1861:
1801:
1606:
1597:
Herbal uses of willow have continued into modern times. In the early 20th century,
1385:
1257:
1206:
870:
844:
833:
800:
629:
625:
311:
289:
233:
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4097:
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3973:
Aylott, Matthew J.; Casella, E; Tubby, I; Street, NR; Smith, P; Taylor, G (2008).
1228:
or where broken branches lie on the ground (an exception is the peachleaf willow (
437:
7715:
7691:
4115:
3554:
2669:
8018:
7920:
7853:
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7572:
7562:
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5625:
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5342:
5237:
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4814:
4743:
4671:
4545:
4397:
4379:
3087:
2111:
2103:
1877:
1843:
for backs, sides and linings, and in making splines and blocks for bass repair.
1840:
1813:
1809:
1793:
1789:
1740:
1639:
1598:
1549:
1515:
1420:
1413:
1130:
967:
468:, soft, usually pliant, tough wood, slender branches, and large, fibrous, often
450:
382:
253:
130:
63:
2649:
Mabberley, D.J. 1997. The Plant Book, Cambridge University Press #2: Cambridge.
2332:
2129:
nations' cultures, particularly in pen and ink paintings from China and Japan.
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7142:
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6234:
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6112:
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5723:
5706:
5696:
5666:
5656:
5606:
5496:
5384:
5273:
5093:
5039:
5002:
4957:
4952:
4942:
4916:
4892:
4713:
4474:
4132:
2974:
2693:
2628:
2211:
2033:
1979:: Willow is used to dye textiles, used to produce kimono. The kimono retailer
1763:
1610:
1541:
1536:
1212:
A small number of willow species were widely planted in Australia, notably as
1189:
1098:
1073:
745:
634:
605:
496:
297:
243:
108:
73:
4835:
4309:
4195:. Vol. I. Translated by Kennelly, M. Tusewei Press, Shanghai. p. 2.
3324:
3307:
2636:
2616:
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Section B. Biological Sciences
2577:
2568:
2386:
1586:. The discovery of aspirin is therefore only indirectly connected to willow.
7775:
7762:
7395:
7365:
7360:
7251:
7186:
7029:
7014:
6989:
6800:
6780:
6725:
6715:
6649:
6621:
6556:
6192:
6127:
6072:
6067:
6057:
5850:
5701:
5571:
5546:
5434:
5419:
5399:
5258:
5189:
5179:
5076:
5066:
4997:
4982:
4947:
4784:
4690:
4629:
4353:
4144:
3753:
3569:
2139:
2060:
1953:: Willow wood were used by the British to make parachute baskets throughout
1575:
1423:
1396:
The leaves and bark of the willow have been mentioned in ancient texts from
1350:
1161:
Willow species are hosts to more than a hundred aphid species, belonging to
703:
590:
575:
492:
488:
363:
351:
113:
8008:
7676:
4236:
4000:
3777:
3708:
3523:
3459:
3333:
3270:
2595:
702:
of North America, with the earliest occurrences in Europe during the Early
3263:"An Account of the Success of the Bark of the Willow in the Cure of Agues"
2940:
The Flowering of the Landscape Garden: English Pleasure Grounds, 1720-1800
2758:
2671:
Northwest Trees: Identifying & Understanding the Region's Native Trees
2002:: There have been experiments or mathematical models in using willows for
1088:
557:
8003:
7670:
7375:
7355:
7345:
6999:
6964:
6700:
6576:
6503:
6445:
6410:
6405:
6302:
6221:
6132:
6097:
6092:
5591:
5556:
5464:
5449:
5347:
5303:
5288:
5278:
5263:
5253:
5007:
4932:
4819:
4804:
4789:
4723:
4718:
4602:
4331:
3262:
2094:
2019:
1993:
1498:
1323:
1193:, is known to damage leaves of willows, covering them with orange spots.
1172:
210:
103:
98:
83:
78:
68:
3838:
3138:"Proverbs 30:18-19 in the Light of Ancient Mesopotamian Cuneiform Texts"
2394:
1342:
has become an important source for bioenergy production and for various
7832:
7552:
7547:
7440:
7410:
7370:
7314:
7168:
7147:
7039:
6994:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6926:
6896:
6891:
6765:
6669:
6606:
6551:
6440:
6395:
6350:
6272:
6262:
6247:
6142:
6122:
5833:
5828:
5818:
5791:
5711:
5611:
5576:
5566:
5551:
5308:
5219:
5088:
5083:
4962:
4799:
4794:
2544:
Wagner, Natascha D.; Volf, Martin; Hörandl, Elvira (3 September 2021).
2495:
2435:
2134:
2098:
2056:
2007:
2003:
1970:
1821:
1767:
1759:
1579:
1570:
1532:
1497:). He had noticed the willow bark tasted bitter, like 'Peruvian Bark' (
1397:
1213:
541:
consecutive days, a willow will attempt to put out leaves and flowers.
531:
446:
118:
93:
4556:
4317:
3699:
3682:
2205:, the Hebrew name of the willow, for its ritual use during the Jewish
1245:
Willows are extensively cultivated around the world. They are used in
1234:)). One famous example of such growth from cuttings involves the poet
17:
7858:
7542:
7271:
7019:
6770:
6720:
6586:
6526:
6400:
6325:
6287:
6240:
6107:
6025:
5876:
5838:
5823:
5786:
5744:
5739:
5639:
5394:
5298:
4967:
4927:
4640:
4538:
3769:
3015:
2474:
2378:
2122:
2083:
1825:
1774:
1615:
1238:, who begged a twig from a parcel tied with twigs sent from Spain to
1118:
1092:
699:
583:
579:
562:
484:
469:
400:
223:
7647:
4285:
1351:
International Cultivar Registration Authority (ICRAs) for the genus
4516:
4301:
1384:, and both the branches and stems to build various items including
7881:
7767:
7420:
7329:
7324:
7309:
6730:
6521:
6514:
6485:
6465:
6435:
6420:
6380:
6365:
6355:
6340:
6335:
6315:
6292:
6267:
6187:
5806:
5681:
5601:
5586:
5533:
5283:
5242:
5034:
4912:
4887:
4738:
4684:
2257:
2233:
2125:
1936:
1925:
1917:
1903:
1829:
1785:
1751:
1735:
1583:
1401:
1267:
1253:
1246:
1142:
1126:
1122:
1087:
1081:
1068:
725:
556:
436:
389:
355:
338:
171:
3071:"Compilation of the Checklist for Cultivars of Salix L. (Willow)"
2868:. Department of Primary Industries, State Government of Victoria.
2028:: There has been research into possibly using willows for future
1489:, of Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire, England, sent a letter to the
429: in) in height, though it spreads widely across the ground.
7319:
6848:
6785:
6710:
6591:
6546:
6541:
6277:
6021:
5813:
5796:
5781:
5026:
4634:
2864:
Albury/Wodonga Willow Management Working Group (December 1998).
2053:
1983:
hosts annual willow dyeing lessons with fifth grade students of
1833:
1817:
1797:
1601:
described using the bark and the powdered root of white willow (
1150:
877:â gray willow, grayleaf willow, white willow, or glaucous willow
472:
359:
7651:
5970:
4839:
4560:
3948:"The Best Vine and Willow Charcoal for New Effects on the Page"
1493:
describing his experiments with powdered bark of white willow (
7754:
7445:
6936:
6705:
6531:
6425:
6257:
5966:
5621:
5326:
4882:
4544:
2866:"Willows along watercourses: managing, removing and replacing"
1781:
1633:
1416:
wrote about its medicinal properties in the fifth century BC.
519:
461:
407:
species) are low-growing or creeping shrubs; for example, the
4522:
3887:"History of Willows at Long Ashton Research Station, Bristol"
2908:
Aliens in the Backyard: Plant and Animal Imports Into America
2230:
from willow branches to stimulate root growth in new cuttings
1945:" in the Wenduine Dunes, Belgium, made entirely out of willow
37:"Willow tree" and "Salix" redirect here. For other uses, see
3754:"Willow species and aspirin: different mechanism of actions"
1973:
and was much involved with these willows and their diseases.
3912:""éćș§ăźæł"ăäœżçšăăăéćș§ăȘăă§ăŻăźèæšæ ăăéćș§ăźæłæă30ćšćčŽèšćż”ć±ïœăăźăĄăźèŒăïœăăéćș§ăăšăă«ăŠéćŹ"
2881:"Introduced willows can become invasive pests in Australia"
1961:(a plant pathologist who had studied and written his 1920s
3845:
Fact Sheet ST-576, Edward F. Gilman and Dennis G. Watson,
2321:
Poplars and willows: Trees for society and the environment
1209:
and set fires intentionally, allowing new stands to form.
3930:"æ±äșŹă»éćș§ă§ăçç©ăšæłăăźäŒç”±ăç¶ăćæćșăźć„źé | ć°ć掻æ§ćăźææŠè
ă㥠| æ«»ç°ćŒæ"
698:
The oldest fossils of the genus are known from the early
632:, i.e., the species on which the genus name is based, is
4512:
International Register of Cultivars of Salix L. (willow)
4511:
2611:"The early fossil history of Salicaceae: a brief review"
1965:
master's degree thesis about willow diseases) worked at
724:
is made up of around 350 species of deciduous trees and
4533:. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 688â689.
3112:"Investigating the healing arts of Ancient Mesopotamia"
1283:
occur, both naturally and in cultivation. A well-known
910:- Humbolt's willow, native to central and South America
1564:
for the first time. More than 40 years later in 1897,
1171:, the willow lace bug, is a bug species in the family
7507:
International Federation of Building and Wood Workers
851:â sandbar willow, narrowleaf willow, or coyote willow
796:â beaked willow, long-beaked willow, or Bebb's willow
377:, and some broader-leaved species are referred to as
4425:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. Pages 393â395.
3752:
Vlachojannis, J.; Magora, F.; Chrubasik, S. (2011).
2097:, a willow branch is one of the chief attributes of
1568:
created the same acid (in his case derived from the
1275:, an example of a hybrid between two types of willow
7660:
7581:
7530:
7474:
7388:
7338:
7295:
7167:
7160:
7048:
6935:
6877:
6687:
6630:
6301:
6220:
6211:
6035:
6004:
5869:
5732:
5620:
5532:
5317:
5233:
5134:
5021:
4908:
4873:
4777:
4706:
4594:
1664:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2905:
2214:, technique of severe pruning or knotting of trees
2165:, derives its name from the Latin word for osier,
1750:Basic crafts, such as baskets, fish traps, wattle
373:, but some narrow-leaved shrub species are called
2969:, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 447â489,
2943:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 403.
2705:
2703:
2526:Vol. 5. Translated by Landau, N. Jerusalem:
2359:(Salicaceae) in the Southeastern United States".
2142:) named Hongrang, who lived in the middle of the
1770:boat traditionally uses willow in the framework.
1305:) from Europe. The widely planted Chinese willow
785:â Babylon willow, Peking willow or weeping willow
3683:"The aspirin story â from willow to wonder drug"
2743:. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books. p. 248.
1279:Willows are very cross-compatible, and numerous
4233:"In Worship of Trees by George Knowles: Willow"
3188:, book VI, p. 287, chapter 18, section 10.
3043:. The Royal Horticultural Society. March 2020.
2668:Arno, Stephen F.; Hammerly, Ramona P. (2020) .
2325:Centre for Agriculture Bioscience International
2285:
2283:
2252:
2250:
2248:
1539:, with considerable success, as he reported in
1224:Almost all willows take root very readily from
963:- Safsaf willow, a species from southern Africa
3475:"Does sodium salicylate cure rheumatic fever?"
3374:"The treatment of acute rheumatism by salicin"
3351:. Ware: Wordsworth Editions Ltd. p. 430.
3241:"The Herball, or Generall Historie of Plantes"
2912:. University of South Carolina Press. p.
2729:
2727:
2150:... I will be the willow on your bedside.
899:â dwarf willow, least willow or snowbed willow
5982:
4851:
4572:
3582:European Medicines Agency (31 January 2017).
3543:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. pp. 46â48.
3540:Aspirin the remarkable story of a wonder drug
3308:"Quinine Substitutes in the Confederate Army"
2811:Pests of Ornamental Trees, Shrubs and Flowers
8:
4209:. Arirang TV. 20 August 2007. Archived from
3799:The palaeoenvironment of the Antrea Net Find
3172:Ancient Egyptian Medicine: the Papyrus Ebers
2663:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2463:The Linnaean Plant Name Typification Project
1773:Thin or split willow rods can be woven into
1556:treated the medicine sodium salicylate with
664:meaning 'water', alluding to their habitat.
4284:Ashton, J. W.; Briggs, K. M. (April 1968).
1574:plant), which was found in 1899 to have an
687:. Phylogenetic studies have suggested that
7648:
7164:
6693:
6217:
5989:
5975:
5967:
4858:
4844:
4836:
4579:
4565:
4557:
2528:Israel Program for Scientific Translations
2457:Natural History Museum (24 October 2022).
1836:and string can be produced from the wood.
1780:Willow wood is used in the manufacture of
829:â American pussy willow or glaucous willow
129:
49:
4423:Our Native Trees and How to Identify Them
4286:"The Fairies in Tradition and Literature"
3990:
3698:
3513:
3323:
3086:
2814:. Manson Publishing Limited. p. 78.
2585:
2567:
2459:"Introduction and Historical Perspective"
1724:Learn how and when to remove this message
7497:Building and Wood Workers' International
2539:
2537:
1762:(rod-like willow shoots, often grown in
1743:are traditionally made from willow wood.
4052:. Forestresearch.gov.uk. Archived from
2839:Kenaley, Shawn C.; et al. (2010).
2781:Blackman, R. L.; Eastop, V. F. (1994).
2408:Rohwer, Jens; Kubitzki, Klaus (1984). "
2244:
2082:associated with the Jewish festival of
1758:house walls, were woven from osiers or
1295:), which is a hybrid of Peking willow (
1101:willow tree in the spring of March 2018
1048:â almond willow or almond-leaved willow
4259:"Mythology and Folklore of the Willow"
1114:from decapitated stumps and branches.
4334:. Hca.gilead.org.il. 13 December 2007
4193:Researches into Chinese Superstitions
3622:Martyr, Phillippa (18 October 2020).
2412:, a regularly hermaphrodite willow".
2371:American Society of Plant Taxonomists
1839:Willow is used in the manufacture of
1430:GilgameĆĄ, Enkidu and the Nether World
1141:, are common on willows inhabited by
616:The scientific use of the genus name
350:(plus numerous hybrids) of typically
7:
8032:7c1cb0e4-cf21-4057-923c-98b4e6e6d4f6
7944:8b299e06-1c0e-4a17-a40a-07c9399dfba9
7632:
5949:
4207:"The Forest of Willows in Our Minds"
3828:from the original on 9 October 2022.
2893:from the original on 9 October 2022.
2853:from the original on 9 October 2022.
1662:adding citations to reliable sources
1181:is a type of gall found on willows.
7622:
7482:American Association of Woodturners
3668:The Encyclopedia of Herbal Medicine
3570:"All About Aspirin and its History"
3405:"The treatment of acute rheumatism"
3293:Aspirin: the story of a wonder drug
3150:from the original on 9 October 2022
3050:from the original on 9 October 2022
2550:L.) Share Highly Similar Plastomes"
2355:George W. Argus (1986). "The Genus
2266:The International Plant Names Index
1175:found on willows in North America.
1117:Willows produce a modest amount of
3916:ăăŹăčăȘăȘăŒăčă»ăă„ăŒăčăȘăȘăŒăčé
俥ă·ă§ăąNo.1ïœPR TIMES
3110:Boeck, Barbara (28 October 2020).
1252:The high end shopping district of
25:
7512:National Wood Carvers Association
4396:. Tweedsblues.net. Archived from
3874:University of Minnesota Extension
3515:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.038133
2740:Field Guide to Edible Wild Plants
2674:(field guide ed.). Seattle:
1796:, chairmans and other furniture,
671:(though some split off subgenera
457:Willows all have abundant watery
7996:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:325916-2
7631:
7621:
7612:
7611:
7487:Architectural Woodwork Institute
5948:
5939:
5938:
4547:The New Student's Reference Work
4290:The Journal of American Folklore
3992:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02396.x
3372:MacLagan, T. (28 October 1876).
3016:"The 12th Ginza Willow Festival"
1886:tile, concrete, or ceramic pipes
1638:
464:, which is heavily charged with
415:) rarely exceeds 6 centimetres (
158:
3508:(12): e332, author reply e333.
3175:. Chicago: Ares Publishing Inc.
2609:Collinson, Margaret E. (1992).
2546:"Highly Diverse Shrub Willows (
2415:Plant Systematics and Evolution
2220:, Ogham letter meaning "willow"
2161:. The Viminal Hill, one of the
1812:, toys, turnery, tool handles,
1649:needs additional citations for
1311:is now considered a synonym of
1301:) from China and white willow (
1006:â purple willow or purple osier
931:â red willow or polished willow
624:in 1753. The modern concept of
7492:British Woodworking Federation
5860:
4517:Global Cultivation of Willows:
4036:10.1016/j.biombioe.2008.01.002
3687:British Journal of Haematology
1922:Willow tree in spring, England
1624:British Journal of Haematology
1618:to be the active constituent.
1364:, but it is no longer active.
1:
7502:Caricature Carvers of America
4098:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.10.005
4081:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.04.067
3801:The Department of Geography,
3681:Desborough, M. J. R. (2017).
3421:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)70583-1
3390:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)49509-8
2518:Komarov, Vladimir Leontyevich
2090:, the seventh day of Sukkot.
1766:). One of the forms of Welsh
1578:effect. This acid was named "
807:â goat willow or pussy willow
638:, based on a conserved type.
4491:The Complete Book of Willows
4416:General and cited references
4116:10.1080/02757540.2011.627857
3847:United States Forest Service
3496:FĂŒrstenwerth, Hauke (2011).
3069:Kuzovkina, Yulia A. (2015).
2506:(reprint from 1996). pg. 552
2362:Systematic Botany Monographs
2300:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2226:, using the rooting hormone
1967:Long Ashton Research Station
1514:(1875), the French novelist
1464:in the following paragraph.
593:(male) flowers have neither
39:Willow Tree (disambiguation)
8098:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
4489:Warren-Wren, S. C. (1992).
4421:Keeler, Harriet L. (1990).
4394:"Wisdom of the Willow Tree"
4166:Doolittle, Justus (2002) .
3870:Yard & Garden Line News
3730:Mount Sinai Health System.
3537:Jeffreys, Diarmuid (2008).
3448:The Journal of Rheumatology
3291:Jeffreys, Diarmuid (2004).
3222:Culpeper, Nicholas (1653).
3088:10.21273/HORTSCI.50.11.1608
2784:Aphids on the World's Trees
2713:. Edinburgh : Floris.
1332:Royal Horticultural Society
1187:, caused by fungi of genus
399:Some willows (particularly
358:, found primarily on moist
8114:
8093:Non-timber forest products
4867:Non-timber forest products
4168:Social Life of the Chinese
3859:Rooting Around: Tree Roots
3646:"The Mythology of Aspirin"
2555:Frontiers in Plant Science
2333:10.1079/9781780641089.0008
2298:Plants of the World Online
1326:and unmodified species of
1145:, coming to collect aphid
713:
369:Most species are known as
36:
29:
7607:
7517:Society of Wood Engravers
6696:
5934:
4475:10.1007/s12155-008-9007-9
4133:10.1007/s11356-018-1197-x
3306:Hasegawa, Guy R. (2007).
3198:Celsus, Aurus Cornelius.
2975:10.1002/9780470380147.ch8
2629:10.1017/S0269727000007521
2078:The willow is one of the
2059:control, shelterbelt and
1992:: Willow is used to make
1582:" by Hoffmann's employer
1554:Charles Frédéric Gerhardt
1535:as a treatment for acute
1121:from which bees can make
888:- Goodding's black willow
317:
310:
295:
288:
155:Scientific classification
153:
137:
128:
52:
4438:Willows: The Genus Salix
3666:Bartram, Thomas (1998).
3325:10.7205/MILMED.172.6.650
2879:Cremer, Kurt W. (2003).
2808:David V. Alford (2012).
2709:Hageneder, Fred (2001).
2569:10.3389/fpls.2021.662715
2516:Nazarov, M. I. (1970) .
1985:Taimei Elementary School
1135:mourning cloak butterfly
4530:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
4332:"Under The Willow Tree"
4050:"Forestresearch.gov.uk"
3891:Wringtonsomerset.org.uk
3034:"AGM Plants March 2020"
2998:"Ginza's Willow Dyeing"
2327:(CABI), pp. 8â91,
2173:Hans Christian Andersen
1378:start fires by friction
1360:7 December 2018 at the
578:, with male and female
32:Willow (disambiguation)
7594:Frameless construction
6675:Wood-plastic composite
5881:(Iberian agroforestry)
5119:Pacific mountain onion
4678:Mandragora officinarum
4436:Newsholme, C. (1992).
3954:. Art News. 7 May 2021
3803:University of Helsinki
3271:10.1098/rstl.1763.0033
2467:Natural History Museum
2152:
2016:Willow Biomass Project
1946:
1934:
1923:
1915:
1884:, particularly older,
1744:
1454:Aulus Cornelius Celsus
1318:Numerous cultivars of
1276:
1112:reproduce vegetatively
1102:
1085:
840:â eastern crack willow
568:With the exception of
565:
499:leaves are rare, e.g.
454:
43:Salix (disambiguation)
7965:Paleobiology Database
5901:Indian forest produce
5372:Hydnocarpus wightiana
4024:Biomass and Bioenergy
3864:19 April 2012 at the
3814:European Commission.
3758:Phytotherapy Research
3595:Grieve, Maud (1931).
3403:MacLagan, T. (1900).
3349:The Mysterious Island
3347:Verne, Jules (2010).
3295:. London: Bloomsbury.
3265:. The Royal Society.
3169:Bryan, Cyril (1974).
2967:Horticultural Reviews
2904:Leland, John (2005).
2711:The Heritage of Trees
2523:Flora of the U.S.S.R.
2148:
1940:
1929:
1921:
1907:
1739:
1511:The Mysterious Island
1436:The ancient Egyptian
1336:Award of Garden Merit
1271:
1264:Hybrids and cultivars
1091:
1078:Bourgoyen-Ossemeersen
1072:
866:â common crack willow
716:List of Salix species
560:
440:
27:Salix, genus of trees
7522:Timber Framers Guild
6376:Australian Blackwood
5144:Bare-toothed russula
4400:on 29 September 2011
4191:Doré, Henri (1914).
3872:Volume 5 Number 15,
3644:Propatier, Stephen.
3557:on 8 September 2017.
3473:Reid, James (1948).
2937:Laird, Mark (1999).
2678:. pp. 193â196.
2207:Feast of Tabernacles
2184:Japanese ghost story
2182:"Green Willow" is a
1963:Cambridge University
1932:woodbine honeysuckle
1658:improve this article
1562:acetylsalicylic acid
1076:and woodpile in the
951:Schltdl. & Cham.
30:For other uses, see
7242:Hammer-headed tenon
6761:Janka hardness test
5755:musical instruments
5013:Woodland strawberry
4588:Ancient anaesthesia
4467:2008BioER...1...67T
4356:. Spiritoftrees.org
4265:on 15 February 2008
4239:on 10 February 2008
3225:The Complete Herbal
2428:1984PSyEv.144...99R
2163:Seven Hills of Rome
2159:stalking travellers
2050:slope stabilisation
1609:, antiperiodic and
1589:In the late 1990s,
1472:The Complete Herbal
1293:Salix Ă sepulcralis
1178:Rhabdophaga rosaria
1129:of some species of
660:meaning 'near' and
441:At the base of the
141:'Vitellina-Tristis'
6103:Japanese carpentry
4455:BioEnergy Research
4213:on 14 October 2007
3839:Salix spp. UFL/edu
2676:Mountaineers Books
2436:10.1007/BF00986668
2228:indolebutyric acid
1947:
1941:Art installation "
1935:
1924:
1916:
1745:
1531:experimented with
1503:American Civil War
1485:In 1763, Reverend
1344:ecosystem services
1277:
1231:Salix amygdaloides
1168:Corythucha elegans
1157:Pests and diseases
1149:, as sometimes do
1103:
1086:
1017:â Scouler's willow
904:Salix humboldtiana
763:â peachleaf willow
757:Salix amygdaloides
566:
455:
348:around 350 species
8065:
8064:
7952:Open Tree of Life
7654:Taxon identifiers
7645:
7644:
7599:Green woodworking
7456:Wood preservation
7384:
7383:
7287:Tongue and groove
7267:Mortise and tenon
7156:
7155:
6854:Warrington hammer
6683:
6682:
6371:African Blackwood
6163:Segmented turning
5964:
5963:
4833:
4832:
4660:(devil's trumpet)
4611:Atropa belladonna
4376:"The Willow Wife"
4177:978-0-7103-0753-8
3700:10.1111/bjh.14520
3550:978-1-59691-816-0
3358:978-1-84022-624-9
3312:Military Medicine
3239:Turner, William.
3116:Research Outreach
3081:(11): 1608â1609.
2950:978-0-8122-3457-2
2923:978-1-57003-582-1
2685:978-1-68051-329-5
2119:Qingming Festival
1930:Willow tree with
1734:
1733:
1726:
1708:
1548:The discovery of
1468:Nicholas Culpeper
1452:The Roman author
1338:. Most recently,
1249:and landscaping.
1207:wildfires to burn
1058:
1047:
1036:
1031:Salix tetrasperma
1022:Salix sepulcralis
1016:
1011:Salix scouleriana
1005:
994:
984:
973:
962:
952:
947:Salix microphylla
941:
930:
920:
909:
898:
887:
876:
865:
850:
839:
828:
817:
806:
795:
784:
773:
762:
751:
740:
695:be in one clade.
388:, related to the
324:
323:
319:About 350 species
284:
16:(Redirected from
8105:
8088:Medicinal plants
8083:Dioecious plants
8058:
8057:
8045:
8044:
8035:
8034:
8022:
8021:
8012:
8011:
7999:
7998:
7986:
7985:
7973:
7972:
7960:
7959:
7947:
7946:
7937:
7936:
7924:
7923:
7921:NHMSYS0000463078
7911:
7910:
7898:
7897:
7885:
7884:
7872:
7871:
7862:
7861:
7849:
7848:
7836:
7835:
7823:
7822:
7810:
7809:
7797:
7796:
7784:
7783:
7771:
7770:
7758:
7757:
7745:
7744:
7732:
7731:
7719:
7718:
7706:
7705:
7696:
7695:
7694:
7681:
7680:
7679:
7649:
7635:
7634:
7625:
7624:
7615:
7614:
7165:
6834:Thickness planer
6694:
6488:(lime, basswood)
6218:
6078:Chainsaw carving
5991:
5984:
5977:
5968:
5952:
5951:
5942:
5941:
5916:Resin extraction
5906:Mushroom hunting
5882:
5628: / etc.
5482:
5375:
5210:Saffron milk cap
5200:Parasol mushroom
5040:Fiddlehead ferns
4860:
4853:
4846:
4837:
4665:Hyoscyamus niger
4595:Plants / animals
4581:
4574:
4567:
4558:
4553:
4551:
4542:
4534:
4526:
4486:
4410:
4409:
4407:
4405:
4390:
4384:
4383:
4378:. Archived from
4372:
4366:
4365:
4363:
4361:
4350:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4339:
4328:
4322:
4321:
4281:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4270:
4261:. Archived from
4255:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4244:
4235:. Archived from
4229:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4218:
4203:
4197:
4196:
4188:
4182:
4181:
4163:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4152:
4147:. ChurchYear.net
4145:"ChurchYear.net"
4141:
4135:
4124:
4118:
4107:
4101:
4090:
4084:
4072:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4061:
4046:
4040:
4039:
4019:
4013:
4012:
3994:
3970:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3959:
3944:
3938:
3937:
3926:
3920:
3919:
3918:. 29 March 2024.
3908:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3897:
3883:
3877:
3876:, 1 October 2003
3868:", Dave Hanson,
3855:
3849:
3836:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3820:
3811:
3805:
3796:
3790:
3789:
3770:10.1002/ptr.3386
3764:(7): 1102â1104.
3749:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3702:
3678:
3672:
3671:
3663:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3641:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3619:
3613:
3612:
3601:. Dorset Press.
3592:
3586:
3580:
3574:
3573:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3553:. Archived from
3534:
3528:
3527:
3517:
3493:
3487:
3486:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3454:(6): 1321â1323.
3439:
3433:
3432:
3400:
3394:
3393:
3369:
3363:
3362:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3327:
3303:
3297:
3296:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3277:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3149:
3142:
3136:Boeck, Barbara.
3133:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3107:
3101:
3100:
3090:
3066:
3060:
3059:
3057:
3055:
3049:
3038:
3030:
3024:
3023:
3012:
3006:
3005:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2911:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2885:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2845:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2824:. Archived from
2805:
2799:
2798:
2778:
2772:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2735:Angier, Bradford
2731:
2722:
2707:
2698:
2697:
2665:
2650:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2589:
2571:
2541:
2532:
2531:
2513:
2507:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2475:10.5519/qwv6u7j5
2454:
2448:
2447:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2379:10.2307/25027618
2352:
2346:
2345:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2287:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2254:
2042:land reclamation
2038:phytoremediation
1959:Lawrence Ogilvie
1866:drainage systems
1729:
1722:
1718:
1715:
1709:
1707:
1666:
1642:
1634:
1458:uterine prolapse
1380:, the shoots to
1330:have gained the
1298:Salix babylonica
1203:Native Americans
1137:. Ants, such as
1056:
1045:
1034:
1026:â hybrid willows
1015:Barratt ex Hook.
1014:
1003:
992:
982:
971:
960:
950:
939:
936:Salix lasiolepis
928:
918:
907:
896:
885:
882:Salix gooddingii
874:
863:
848:
837:
826:
815:
804:
793:
782:
779:Salix babylonica
771:
760:
749:
738:
735:Salix aegyptiaca
710:Selected species
620:originates with
428:
427:
423:
420:
279:
163:
162:
144:Morton Arboretum
133:
123:
60:
56:Temporal range:
50:
21:
8113:
8112:
8108:
8107:
8106:
8104:
8103:
8102:
8068:
8067:
8066:
8061:
8053:
8048:
8040:
8038:
8030:
8025:
8017:
8015:
8007:
8002:
7994:
7989:
7981:
7976:
7968:
7963:
7955:
7950:
7942:
7940:
7932:
7927:
7919:
7914:
7906:
7901:
7893:
7888:
7880:
7875:
7867:
7865:
7857:
7852:
7844:
7839:
7831:
7826:
7818:
7813:
7805:
7800:
7792:
7787:
7779:
7774:
7766:
7761:
7753:
7748:
7740:
7735:
7727:
7722:
7714:
7709:
7701:
7699:
7690:
7689:
7684:
7675:
7674:
7669:
7656:
7646:
7641:
7603:
7589:Frame and panel
7577:
7526:
7470:
7380:
7339:Surface piecing
7334:
7291:
7212:Crown of thorns
7152:
7138:Smoothing plane
7044:
6931:
6873:
6776:Milling machine
6679:
6640:Cross-laminated
6626:
6297:
6207:
6178:Spindle turning
6168:Shingle weaving
6138:Pallet crafting
6031:
6000:
5995:
5965:
5960:
5930:
5880:
5865:
5856:Vegetable ivory
5728:
5616:
5528:
5476:
5369:
5331:
5313:
5247:
5229:
5195:Oyster mushroom
5185:Meadow mushroom
5130:
5114:Twincrest onion
5017:
4921:
4904:
4875:Animal products
4869:
4864:
4834:
4829:
4773:
4702:
4590:
4585:
4537:
4521:
4508:
4451:
4418:
4413:
4403:
4401:
4392:
4391:
4387:
4382:on 18 May 2008.
4374:
4373:
4369:
4359:
4357:
4352:
4351:
4347:
4337:
4335:
4330:
4329:
4325:
4283:
4282:
4278:
4268:
4266:
4257:
4256:
4252:
4242:
4240:
4231:
4230:
4226:
4216:
4214:
4205:
4204:
4200:
4190:
4189:
4185:
4178:
4165:
4164:
4160:
4150:
4148:
4143:
4142:
4138:
4125:
4121:
4108:
4104:
4091:
4087:
4073:
4069:
4059:
4057:
4056:on 8 March 2009
4048:
4047:
4043:
4021:
4020:
4016:
3979:New Phytologist
3972:
3971:
3967:
3957:
3955:
3946:
3945:
3941:
3928:
3927:
3923:
3910:
3909:
3905:
3895:
3893:
3885:
3884:
3880:
3866:Wayback Machine
3856:
3852:
3837:
3833:
3825:
3818:
3813:
3812:
3808:
3797:
3793:
3751:
3750:
3746:
3736:
3734:
3729:
3728:
3724:
3680:
3679:
3675:
3665:
3664:
3660:
3650:
3648:
3643:
3642:
3638:
3628:
3626:
3621:
3620:
3616:
3609:
3598:A Modern Herbal
3594:
3593:
3589:
3581:
3577:
3567:
3566:
3562:
3551:
3536:
3535:
3531:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3472:
3471:
3467:
3441:
3440:
3436:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3371:
3370:
3366:
3359:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3290:
3289:
3285:
3275:
3273:
3261:Stone, Edward.
3260:
3259:
3255:
3245:
3243:
3238:
3237:
3233:
3221:
3220:
3216:
3206:
3204:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3184:
3180:
3168:
3167:
3163:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3140:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3120:
3118:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3068:
3067:
3063:
3053:
3051:
3047:
3036:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3014:
3013:
3009:
2996:
2995:
2991:
2985:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2951:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2924:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2890:
2883:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2850:
2843:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2828:on 4 June 2013.
2822:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2795:
2780:
2779:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2751:
2733:
2732:
2725:
2708:
2701:
2686:
2667:
2666:
2653:
2648:
2644:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2543:
2542:
2535:
2515:
2514:
2510:
2493:
2489:
2479:
2477:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2343:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2303:
2301:
2289:
2288:
2281:
2271:
2269:
2256:
2255:
2246:
2242:
2197:
2076:
2012:energy forestry
1908:Male catkin of
1902:
1890:PVC sewer pipes
1858:
1849:
1824:. In addition,
1756:wattle and daub
1730:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1667:
1665:
1655:
1643:
1632:
1558:acetyl chloride
1529:Thomas MacLagan
1394:
1374:Quinault people
1370:
1362:Wayback Machine
1308:Salix matsudana
1287:example is the
1266:
1222:
1199:
1159:
1067:
1062:
1053:Salix viminalis
1037:â Indian willow
995:â Korean willow
957:Salix mucronata
942:â arroyo willow
925:Salix laevigata
774:â Arctic willow
718:
712:
654:Celtic language
614:
555:
530:are short, the
511:in the eastern
481:
435:
425:
421:
418:
416:
306:
301:
278:
157:
148:Lisle, Illinois
142:
124:
122:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
58:
57:
54:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8111:
8109:
8101:
8100:
8095:
8090:
8085:
8080:
8070:
8069:
8063:
8062:
8060:
8059:
8055:wfo-4000033844
8046:
8036:
8023:
8013:
8000:
7987:
7974:
7961:
7948:
7938:
7925:
7912:
7899:
7886:
7873:
7863:
7850:
7837:
7824:
7811:
7798:
7785:
7772:
7759:
7746:
7733:
7720:
7707:
7697:
7682:
7666:
7664:
7658:
7657:
7652:
7643:
7642:
7640:
7639:
7629:
7619:
7608:
7605:
7604:
7602:
7601:
7596:
7591:
7585:
7583:
7579:
7578:
7576:
7575:
7570:
7568:Quarter sawing
7565:
7560:
7558:Wood splitting
7555:
7550:
7545:
7540:
7534:
7532:
7528:
7527:
7525:
7524:
7519:
7514:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7494:
7489:
7484:
7478:
7476:
7472:
7471:
7469:
7468:
7466:Wood finishing
7463:
7458:
7453:
7448:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7426:Paint stripper
7423:
7418:
7413:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7392:
7390:
7386:
7385:
7382:
7381:
7379:
7378:
7373:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7353:
7348:
7342:
7340:
7336:
7335:
7333:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7301:
7299:
7293:
7292:
7290:
7289:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7189:
7184:
7179:
7173:
7171:
7162:
7158:
7157:
7154:
7153:
7151:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7133:Shoulder plane
7130:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7110:
7108:Moulding plane
7105:
7100:
7098:Japanese plane
7095:
7090:
7088:Grooving plane
7085:
7080:
7075:
7070:
7065:
7060:
7054:
7052:
7046:
7045:
7043:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7002:
6997:
6992:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6941:
6939:
6933:
6932:
6930:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6902:Flooring clamp
6899:
6894:
6889:
6883:
6881:
6875:
6874:
6872:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6859:Winding sticks
6856:
6851:
6846:
6841:
6839:Timber-framing
6836:
6831:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6697:
6691:
6685:
6684:
6681:
6680:
6678:
6677:
6672:
6667:
6665:Particle board
6662:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6645:Glue laminated
6642:
6636:
6634:
6628:
6627:
6625:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6584:
6579:
6574:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6307:
6305:
6299:
6298:
6296:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6226:
6224:
6215:
6209:
6208:
6206:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6183:Timber framing
6180:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6153:Relief carving
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6053:Bush carpentry
6050:
6045:
6039:
6037:
6033:
6032:
6030:
6029:
6019:
6014:
6008:
6006:
6002:
6001:
5996:
5994:
5993:
5986:
5979:
5971:
5962:
5961:
5959:
5958:
5946:
5935:
5932:
5931:
5929:
5928:
5923:
5921:Rubber tapping
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5887:Forest farming
5884:
5873:
5871:
5867:
5866:
5864:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5842:
5841:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5810:
5809:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5763:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5742:
5736:
5734:
5730:
5729:
5727:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5715:
5714:
5709:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5679:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5648:
5647:
5637:
5631:
5629:
5618:
5617:
5615:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5538:
5536:
5530:
5529:
5527:
5526:
5523:Vateria indica
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:Shorea robusta
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5334:
5332:
5330:
5329:
5324:
5318:
5315:
5314:
5312:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5250:
5248:
5246:
5245:
5240:
5234:
5231:
5230:
5228:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5171:
5169:Honey mushroom
5166:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5140:
5138:
5132:
5131:
5129:
5128:
5127:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5080:
5079:
5074:
5064:
5063:
5062:
5052:
5050:Mahuwa flowers
5047:
5042:
5037:
5031:
5029:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4924:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4909:
4906:
4905:
4903:
4902:
4897:
4896:
4895:
4885:
4879:
4877:
4871:
4870:
4865:
4863:
4862:
4855:
4848:
4840:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4781:
4779:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4710:
4708:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4700:
4695:
4687:
4682:
4674:
4669:
4661:
4653:
4649:Datura innoxia
4645:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4615:
4607:
4598:
4596:
4592:
4591:
4586:
4584:
4583:
4576:
4569:
4561:
4555:
4554:
4540:"Willow"
4535:
4524:"Willow"
4519:
4514:
4507:
4506:External links
4504:
4503:
4502:
4487:
4449:
4434:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4385:
4367:
4354:"Green Willow"
4345:
4323:
4302:10.2307/537668
4276:
4250:
4224:
4198:
4183:
4176:
4158:
4136:
4119:
4102:
4085:
4067:
4041:
4030:(9): 829â837.
4014:
3985:(2): 358â370.
3965:
3939:
3921:
3903:
3878:
3850:
3843:Weeping Willow
3831:
3806:
3791:
3744:
3722:
3693:(5): 674â683.
3673:
3658:
3636:
3614:
3607:
3587:
3575:
3560:
3549:
3529:
3488:
3481:. New Series.
3465:
3434:
3415:(3998): 1904.
3395:
3364:
3357:
3339:
3318:(6): 650â655.
3298:
3283:
3253:
3231:
3214:
3190:
3178:
3161:
3128:
3102:
3061:
3025:
3020:GINZA OFFICIAL
3007:
3002:éćș§ăăšăăȘăłă©ă€ăłă·ă§ăă
2989:
2983:
2956:
2949:
2929:
2922:
2896:
2871:
2856:
2831:
2820:
2800:
2793:
2773:
2764:
2749:
2723:
2699:
2684:
2651:
2642:
2601:
2533:
2508:
2487:
2449:
2410:Salix martiana
2400:
2347:
2341:
2311:
2279:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2196:
2193:
2144:Joseon Dynasty
2088:Hoshana Rabbah
2075:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2064:
2046:bioengineering
2023:
1997:
1987:
1974:
1901:
1898:
1874:septic systems
1857:
1854:
1848:
1845:
1732:
1731:
1646:
1644:
1637:
1631:
1628:
1591:Daniel Moerman
1566:Felix Hoffmann
1480:William Turner
1476:salicylic acid
1412:the physician
1410:Ancient Greece
1393:
1390:
1369:
1366:
1289:weeping willow
1273:Weeping willow
1265:
1262:
1236:Alexander Pope
1221:
1218:
1198:
1195:
1158:
1155:
1133:, such as the
1107:shade tolerant
1096:Britzer Garten
1074:Pollard willow
1066:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1059:â common osier
1049:
1042:Salix triandra
1038:
1027:
1018:
1007:
1000:Salix purpurea
996:
989:Salix pierotii
985:
979:Salix paradoxa
975:
974:â black willow
964:
953:
943:
932:
921:
911:
900:
893:Salix herbacea
889:
878:
867:
852:
841:
830:
823:Salix discolor
819:
808:
797:
790:Salix bebbiana
786:
775:
764:
753:
752:â white willow
742:
730:
714:Main article:
711:
708:
613:
610:
574:, willows are
571:Salix martiana
554:
551:
480:
477:
466:salicylic acid
434:
431:
413:Salix herbacea
329:, also called
322:
321:
315:
314:
308:
307:
302:
293:
292:
286:
285:
271:
267:
266:
261:
257:
256:
251:
247:
246:
241:
237:
236:
231:
227:
226:
221:
214:
213:
208:
201:
200:
195:
188:
187:
182:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
151:
150:
135:
134:
126:
125:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
61:
55:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8110:
8099:
8096:
8094:
8091:
8089:
8086:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8076:
8075:
8073:
8056:
8051:
8047:
8043:
8037:
8033:
8028:
8024:
8020:
8014:
8010:
8005:
8001:
7997:
7992:
7988:
7984:
7979:
7975:
7971:
7966:
7962:
7958:
7953:
7949:
7945:
7939:
7935:
7930:
7926:
7922:
7917:
7913:
7909:
7904:
7900:
7896:
7891:
7887:
7883:
7878:
7874:
7870:
7864:
7860:
7855:
7851:
7847:
7842:
7838:
7834:
7829:
7825:
7821:
7816:
7812:
7808:
7803:
7799:
7795:
7790:
7786:
7782:
7777:
7773:
7769:
7764:
7760:
7756:
7751:
7747:
7743:
7738:
7734:
7730:
7725:
7721:
7717:
7712:
7708:
7704:
7698:
7693:
7687:
7683:
7678:
7672:
7668:
7667:
7665:
7663:
7659:
7655:
7650:
7638:
7630:
7628:
7620:
7618:
7610:
7609:
7606:
7600:
7597:
7595:
7592:
7590:
7587:
7586:
7584:
7580:
7574:
7571:
7569:
7566:
7564:
7561:
7559:
7556:
7554:
7551:
7549:
7546:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7538:Chainsaw mill
7536:
7535:
7533:
7529:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7480:
7479:
7477:
7475:Organizations
7473:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7431:Steam bending
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7401:French polish
7399:
7397:
7394:
7393:
7391:
7387:
7377:
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7343:
7341:
7337:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7302:
7300:
7298:
7294:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7272:Rabbet/Rebate
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7257:Mason's mitre
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7174:
7172:
7170:
7166:
7163:
7159:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7114:
7111:
7109:
7106:
7104:
7103:Jointer plane
7101:
7099:
7096:
7094:
7091:
7089:
7086:
7084:
7081:
7079:
7076:
7074:
7073:Compass plane
7071:
7069:
7068:Chamfer plane
7066:
7064:
7061:
7059:
7058:Bedrock plane
7056:
7055:
7053:
7051:
7047:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7006:
7003:
7001:
6998:
6996:
6993:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6942:
6940:
6938:
6934:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6884:
6882:
6880:
6876:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6855:
6852:
6850:
6847:
6845:
6844:Veneer hammer
6842:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6829:
6828:
6824:
6820:
6816:
6812:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6756:Impact driver
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6698:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6686:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6637:
6635:
6633:
6629:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6583:
6580:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6572:Red Quebracho
6570:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6517:
6516:
6511:
6510:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6489:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6308:
6306:
6304:
6300:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6243:
6242:
6237:
6236:
6231:
6228:
6227:
6225:
6223:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6210:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6196:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6048:Bow and arrow
6046:
6044:
6043:Boat building
6041:
6040:
6038:
6034:
6027:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6009:
6007:
6003:
5999:
5992:
5987:
5985:
5980:
5978:
5973:
5972:
5969:
5957:
5956:
5947:
5945:
5937:
5936:
5933:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5896:Honey hunting
5894:
5892:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5879:
5875:
5874:
5872:
5868:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5840:
5837:
5836:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5808:
5805:
5804:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5747:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5737:
5735:
5731:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5704:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5675:
5673:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5652:Coconut sugar
5650:
5646:
5643:
5642:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5623:
5619:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5539:
5537:
5535:
5531:
5525:
5524:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5455:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5319:
5316:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5251:
5249:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5235:
5232:
5226:
5225:Yellow knight
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5215:Slippery jack
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5141:
5139:
5137:
5133:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5097:
5096:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5069:
5068:
5065:
5061:
5058:
5057:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5045:Heart of palm
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5032:
5030:
5028:
5024:
5023:Edible plants
5020:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4988:Juniper berry
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4918:
4914:
4911:
4910:
4907:
4901:
4898:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4880:
4878:
4876:
4872:
4868:
4861:
4856:
4854:
4849:
4847:
4842:
4841:
4838:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4776:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4705:
4699:
4696:
4693:
4692:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4667:
4666:
4662:
4659:
4658:
4654:
4652:(thorn-apple)
4651:
4650:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4619:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4593:
4589:
4582:
4577:
4575:
4570:
4568:
4563:
4562:
4559:
4550:
4548:
4541:
4536:
4532:
4531:
4525:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4509:
4505:
4500:
4499:0-498-01262-X
4496:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4450:
4447:
4446:0-88192-565-9
4443:
4439:
4435:
4432:
4431:0-87338-838-0
4428:
4424:
4420:
4419:
4415:
4399:
4395:
4389:
4386:
4381:
4377:
4371:
4368:
4355:
4349:
4346:
4333:
4327:
4324:
4319:
4315:
4311:
4307:
4303:
4299:
4295:
4291:
4287:
4280:
4277:
4264:
4260:
4254:
4251:
4238:
4234:
4228:
4225:
4212:
4208:
4202:
4199:
4194:
4187:
4184:
4179:
4173:
4170:. Routledge.
4169:
4162:
4159:
4146:
4140:
4137:
4134:
4130:
4123:
4120:
4117:
4113:
4106:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4089:
4086:
4082:
4078:
4071:
4068:
4055:
4051:
4045:
4042:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4018:
4015:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3969:
3966:
3953:
3949:
3943:
3940:
3935:
3931:
3925:
3922:
3917:
3913:
3907:
3904:
3892:
3888:
3882:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3863:
3860:
3854:
3851:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3835:
3832:
3824:
3817:
3810:
3807:
3804:
3800:
3795:
3792:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3748:
3745:
3733:
3732:"Willow bark"
3726:
3723:
3718:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3677:
3674:
3669:
3662:
3659:
3647:
3640:
3637:
3625:
3618:
3615:
3610:
3608:9780880299213
3604:
3600:
3599:
3591:
3588:
3585:
3579:
3576:
3571:
3564:
3561:
3556:
3552:
3546:
3542:
3541:
3533:
3530:
3525:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3492:
3489:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3469:
3466:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3438:
3435:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3399:
3396:
3391:
3387:
3384:(2774): 383.
3383:
3379:
3375:
3368:
3365:
3360:
3354:
3350:
3343:
3340:
3335:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3309:
3302:
3299:
3294:
3287:
3284:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3257:
3254:
3242:
3235:
3232:
3227:
3226:
3218:
3215:
3203:
3202:
3194:
3191:
3187:
3182:
3179:
3174:
3173:
3165:
3162:
3146:
3139:
3132:
3129:
3117:
3113:
3106:
3103:
3098:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3065:
3062:
3046:
3042:
3035:
3029:
3026:
3021:
3017:
3011:
3008:
3003:
2999:
2993:
2990:
2986:
2984:9780470380147
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2960:
2957:
2952:
2946:
2942:
2941:
2933:
2930:
2925:
2919:
2915:
2910:
2909:
2900:
2897:
2889:
2882:
2875:
2872:
2867:
2860:
2857:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2832:
2827:
2823:
2821:9781840761627
2817:
2813:
2812:
2804:
2801:
2796:
2794:9780851988771
2790:
2786:
2785:
2777:
2774:
2768:
2765:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2750:0-8117-0616-8
2746:
2742:
2741:
2736:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2719:0-86315-359-3
2716:
2712:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2672:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2646:
2643:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2605:
2602:
2597:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2549:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2530:. p. 21.
2529:
2525:
2524:
2519:
2512:
2509:
2505:
2504:3-937872-16-7
2501:
2497:
2491:
2488:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2453:
2450:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2422:(2): 99â101.
2421:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2404:
2401:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2363:
2358:
2351:
2348:
2344:
2342:9781780641089
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2315:
2312:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2261:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2239:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2225:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2113:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2096:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2081:
2073:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2058:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2030:biofiltration
2027:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1939:
1933:
1928:
1920:
1913:
1912:
1911:Salix cinerea
1906:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1882:sewer systems
1879:
1875:
1871:
1870:weeping tiles
1867:
1863:
1862:French drains
1855:
1853:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1841:double basses
1837:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1802:willow flutes
1799:
1795:
1794:cradle boards
1791:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1776:
1771:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1742:
1738:
1728:
1725:
1717:
1706:
1703:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1675: â
1674:
1670:
1669:Find sources:
1663:
1659:
1653:
1652:
1647:This article
1645:
1641:
1636:
1635:
1630:Manufacturing
1629:
1627:
1625:
1619:
1617:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1595:
1592:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1522:
1517:
1513:
1512:
1508:In his novel
1506:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1491:Royal Society
1488:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1463:
1462:cauterization
1459:
1455:
1450:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1438:Ebers Papyrus
1434:
1432:
1431:
1425:
1422:
1419:Interpreting
1417:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1386:fishing weirs
1383:
1382:weave baskets
1379:
1375:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1313:S. babylonica
1310:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1274:
1270:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1248:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1108:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1090:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1064:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1002:
1001:
997:
991:
990:
986:
981:
980:
976:
970:
969:
965:
959:
958:
954:
949:
948:
944:
938:
937:
933:
927:
926:
922:
917:
916:
915:Salix integra
912:
906:
905:
901:
895:
894:
890:
884:
883:
879:
873:
872:
868:
862:
861:
857:
853:
847:
846:
842:
836:
835:
831:
825:
824:
820:
818:â grey willow
814:
813:
812:Salix cinerea
809:
803:
802:
798:
792:
791:
787:
781:
780:
776:
770:
769:
768:Salix arctica
765:
759:
758:
754:
748:
747:
743:
741:â musk willow
737:
736:
732:
731:
729:
727:
723:
717:
709:
707:
705:
701:
696:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
665:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
644:
639:
637:
636:
631:
627:
623:
622:Carl Linnaeus
619:
611:
609:
607:
602:
600:
596:
592:
587:
585:
582:appearing as
581:
577:
573:
572:
564:
559:
552:
550:
548:
542:
538:
535:
533:
529:
524:
521:
516:
514:
513:Mediterranean
510:
509:
508:S. australior
504:
503:
498:
495:willows with
494:
490:
486:
478:
476:
474:
471:
470:stoloniferous
467:
463:
460:
452:
448:
444:
439:
432:
430:
414:
410:
406:
402:
397:
395:
391:
387:
384:
380:
376:
372:
367:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
320:
316:
313:
309:
305:
300:
299:
294:
291:
287:
282:
277:
276:
272:
269:
268:
265:
262:
259:
258:
255:
252:
249:
248:
245:
242:
239:
238:
235:
232:
229:
228:
225:
222:
219:
216:
215:
212:
209:
206:
203:
202:
199:
196:
193:
190:
189:
186:
185:Tracheophytes
183:
180:
177:
176:
173:
170:
167:
166:
161:
156:
152:
149:
145:
140:
136:
132:
127:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
59:EoceneâRecent
51:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
7661:
7406:Heat bending
7351:Edge banding
7123:Router plane
7118:Rebate plane
7078:Finger plane
6809:
6616:
6513:
6507:
6487:
6481:Lignum vitae
6239:
6233:
6198:Wood carving
6173:Shipbuilding
6158:Root carving
6118:Log building
6083:Chip carving
5953:
5926:Wildcrafting
5911:Naval stores
5889: /
5877:
5846:Tendu leaves
5802:Natural dyes
5672:Gutta-percha
5624: /
5562:Frankincense
5522:
5478:
5435:Mango butter
5380:Cocoa butter
5371:
5368:Chaulmoogra
5338:Allanblackia
5269:Black pepper
5154:Birch bolete
5104:Canada onion
5089:Wild ginseng
5084:Saw palmetto
5025: /
4915: /
4764:Theophrastus
4697:
4689:
4676:
4663:
4657:Datura metel
4655:
4647:
4639:
4614:(belladonna)
4609:
4601:
4546:
4528:
4490:
4461:(1): 67â79.
4458:
4454:
4437:
4422:
4402:. Retrieved
4398:the original
4388:
4380:the original
4370:
4358:. Retrieved
4348:
4336:. Retrieved
4326:
4296:(320): 164.
4293:
4289:
4279:
4267:. Retrieved
4263:the original
4253:
4241:. Retrieved
4237:the original
4227:
4217:10 September
4215:. Retrieved
4211:the original
4201:
4192:
4186:
4167:
4161:
4149:. Retrieved
4139:
4122:
4105:
4088:
4070:
4058:. Retrieved
4054:the original
4044:
4027:
4023:
4017:
3982:
3978:
3968:
3956:. Retrieved
3951:
3942:
3934:æŻæ„æ°èăç”æžăăŹăăąă
3933:
3924:
3915:
3906:
3894:. Retrieved
3890:
3881:
3869:
3853:
3842:
3834:
3809:
3794:
3761:
3757:
3747:
3735:. Retrieved
3725:
3690:
3686:
3676:
3667:
3661:
3649:. Retrieved
3639:
3627:. Retrieved
3617:
3597:
3590:
3578:
3563:
3555:the original
3539:
3532:
3505:
3501:
3491:
3482:
3478:
3468:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3437:
3412:
3408:
3398:
3381:
3377:
3367:
3348:
3342:
3315:
3311:
3301:
3292:
3286:
3274:. Retrieved
3256:
3244:. Retrieved
3234:
3224:
3217:
3205:. Retrieved
3200:
3193:
3185:
3181:
3171:
3164:
3152:. Retrieved
3131:
3119:. Retrieved
3115:
3105:
3078:
3074:
3064:
3052:. Retrieved
3040:
3028:
3019:
3010:
3001:
2992:
2966:
2959:
2939:
2932:
2907:
2899:
2874:
2859:
2834:
2826:the original
2810:
2803:
2783:
2776:
2767:
2739:
2710:
2670:
2645:
2620:
2614:
2604:
2559:
2553:
2547:
2522:
2511:
2490:
2478:. Retrieved
2462:
2452:
2419:
2413:
2409:
2403:
2366:
2360:
2356:
2350:
2320:
2314:
2302:. Retrieved
2297:
2292:
2270:. Retrieved
2264:
2259:
2224:Willow water
2200:
2189:Osage Nation
2181:
2177:elder-mother
2171:
2166:
2156:
2153:
2149:
2133:
2131:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2092:
2080:four species
2077:
2066:
2025:
1999:
1989:
1981:Ginza Motoji
1976:
1955:World War II
1950:
1909:
1894:water supply
1878:storm drains
1859:
1850:
1847:Horticulture
1838:
1810:sweat lodges
1790:cricket bats
1779:
1772:
1749:
1746:
1741:Cricket bats
1720:
1714:October 2023
1711:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1668:
1656:Please help
1651:verification
1648:
1623:
1620:
1602:
1596:
1588:
1569:
1547:
1540:
1526:
1520:
1509:
1507:
1494:
1487:Edward Stone
1484:
1471:
1466:
1451:
1445:
1441:
1435:
1428:
1421:Mesopotamian
1418:
1395:
1371:
1352:
1348:
1339:
1327:
1319:
1317:
1312:
1306:
1302:
1296:
1292:
1278:
1258:Tokyo, Japan
1251:
1244:
1240:Lady Suffolk
1229:
1223:
1211:
1200:
1197:Conservation
1188:
1183:
1176:
1166:
1163:Chaitophorus
1162:
1160:
1116:
1105:Willows are
1104:
1051:
1040:
1029:
1021:
1009:
998:
987:
977:
966:
955:
945:
934:
923:
913:
902:
891:
880:
871:Salix glauca
869:
859:
855:
845:Salix exigua
843:
838:I.V.Belyaeva
834:Salix euxina
832:
821:
810:
801:Salix caprea
799:
788:
777:
766:
755:
744:
733:
721:
719:
697:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
666:
661:
657:
645:
643:generic name
640:
633:
630:type species
617:
615:
603:
588:
569:
567:
547:S. alaxensis
546:
543:
539:
536:
525:
517:
506:
502:Salix micans
500:
482:
456:
412:
409:dwarf willow
398:
393:
385:
378:
374:
370:
368:
362:in cold and
342:
341:
334:
330:
326:
325:
296:
290:Type species
283:, nom. cons.
274:
273:
234:Malpighiales
217:
204:
191:
178:
138:
47:
7854:iNaturalist
7686:Wikispecies
7627:WikiProject
7573:Rift sawing
7563:Flat sawing
7451:Wood drying
7128:Scrub plane
7113:Razee plane
7063:Block plane
6917:Mitre clamp
6864:Wood scribe
6815:Combination
6557:Purpleheart
6253:Douglas fir
6203:Woodturning
6036:Occupations
5998:Woodworking
5861:Willow bark
5692:Maple syrup
5687:Maple sugar
5662:Fruit syrup
5645:chewing gum
5635:Birch syrup
5492:Shea butter
5164:Chanterelle
5109:Crow garlic
5099:Bear garlic
5094:Wild onions
5072:filé powder
4993:Lingonberry
4978:Huckleberry
4815:Hyoscyamine
4754:SabuncuoÄlu
4744:Hippocrates
4734:Dioscorides
4672:Lactucarium
4623:medical use
4404:18 December
4360:18 December
4338:18 December
4269:14 February
4243:14 February
4151:18 December
4060:18 December
3952:artnews.com
3502:Circulation
3201:De Medicina
3186:De Medicina
3154:20 February
3121:20 February
3075:HortScience
3054:9 September
2841:"Leaf Rust"
2623:: 155â167.
2304:28 December
2112:Palm Sunday
2104:bodhisattva
2026:Environment
1814:wood veneer
1599:Maud Grieve
1560:to produce
1550:acetanilide
1521:succedaneum
1516:Jules Verne
1414:Hippocrates
1220:Cultivation
1131:Lepidoptera
968:Salix nigra
673:Longifoliae
648:comes from
561:Young male
451:marcescence
433:Description
396:, willow).
383:Old English
346:, comprise
254:Salicoideae
250:Subfamily:
198:Angiosperms
8072:Categories
7582:Techniques
7531:Conversion
7461:Wood stain
7389:Treatments
7177:Birdsmouth
7143:Spokeshave
7093:Jack plane
7083:Fore plane
6922:Pipe clamp
6887:Band clamp
6811:Carpenters
6632:Engineered
6582:Rubberwood
6431:Eucalyptus
6235:Calocedrus
6148:Pyrography
6113:Kohlrosing
5772:Birch beer
5767:Birch bark
5724:Spruce gum
5707:akpeteshie
5697:Palm sugar
5667:Gum arabic
5657:Date sugar
5607:Turpentine
5487:Sandalwood
5390:Eucalyptus
5385:Eucalyptol
5274:Brazil nut
5149:Bay bolete
5003:Strawberry
4958:Cocoa bean
4953:Breadfruit
4943:Blackberry
4917:tree fruit
4825:Salicylate
4694:(saw-wort)
4681:(mandrake)
3651:10 January
3629:10 January
3568:Bayer AG.
3485:: 139â151.
3444:The Lancet
3409:The Lancet
3378:The Lancet
2694:1141235469
2562:: 662715.
2212:Pollarding
2034:wastewater
1684:newspapers
1611:astringent
1605:) for its
1603:Salix alba
1542:The Lancet
1537:rheumatism
1495:Salix alba
1303:Salix alba
1285:ornamental
1190:Melampsora
746:Salix alba
720:The genus
635:Salix alba
606:pistillate
497:coriaceous
445:a pair of
354:trees and
298:Salix alba
244:Salicaceae
139:Salix alba
7776:FloraBase
7371:Parquetry
7366:Oystering
7361:Marquetry
7202:Butterfly
6869:Workbench
6801:Sandpaper
6781:Mitre box
6726:Drawknife
6716:Burnisher
6701:Abrasives
6650:Hardboard
6311:Afromosia
6193:Whittling
6143:Parquetry
6128:Marquetry
6073:Certosina
6068:Carpentry
6058:Cabinetry
6005:Overviews
5891:gardening
5851:Thatching
5702:Palm wine
5547:Birch tar
5475:Sal-seed
5400:Japan wax
5353:Candlenut
5294:Malva nut
5259:Areca nut
5180:Matsutake
5136:Mushrooms
5077:root beer
5067:Sassafras
5055:Sago palm
4998:Raspberry
4983:Jackfruit
4948:Blueberry
4900:Wild game
4785:Aconitine
4778:Compounds
4759:Sushrutha
4714:Abulcasis
4691:Saussurea
4668:(henbane)
4644:(hemlock)
4630:Castoreum
4606:(aconite)
4310:0021-8715
3446:, 1876".
3276:5 January
3246:8 January
3228:. London.
3207:4 January
2637:0269-7270
2578:1664-462X
2387:0737-8211
2373:: 1â170.
2240:Citations
2140:courtesan
2061:windbreak
1888:. Newer,
1832:, paper,
1576:analgesic
1424:cuneiform
1392:Medicinal
1355:(willows)
1324:cultivars
1139:wood ants
1099:pollarded
1084:, Belgium
961:Andersson
761:Andersson
704:Oligocene
689:Chamaetia
681:Chamaetia
591:staminate
576:dioecious
493:evergreen
489:deciduous
366:regions.
364:temperate
352:deciduous
337:, of the
312:Diversity
168:Kingdom:
8027:VicFlora
8016:VASCAN:
8009:40028804
8004:Tropicos
7882:325916-2
7737:eFloraSA
7671:Wikidata
7617:Category
7396:Adhesive
7376:Purfling
7356:Intarsia
7297:Profiles
7222:Dovetail
7161:Geometry
7000:Hand saw
6985:Crosscut
6970:Circular
6965:Chainsaw
6912:Holdfast
6577:Rosewood
6509:American
6504:Mahogany
6476:Jelutong
6446:Hornbeam
6411:Cocobolo
6406:Chestnut
6321:Andiroba
6133:Millwork
6098:Intarsia
6093:Fretwork
6088:ĂbĂ©niste
6017:Glossary
5944:Category
5760:textiles
5592:Pine tar
5557:Creosote
5507:Tea-tree
5502:Tea-seed
5470:Pongamia
5460:Phulwara
5445:Nagkesar
5440:Murumuru
5415:Kpangnan
5363:Carnauba
5304:Pine nut
5289:Hazelnut
5279:Cinnamon
5264:Bay leaf
5254:Allspice
5176:(reishi)
5008:Tamarind
4973:Gambooge
4933:Bilberry
4820:Morphine
4805:Hyoscine
4790:Atropine
4724:Avicenna
4719:Avenzoar
4618:Cannabis
4603:Aconitum
4483:44328231
4009:35494995
4001:18331429
3862:Archived
3823:Archived
3786:33413861
3778:21226125
3737:10 April
3717:46794541
3709:28106908
3524:21931098
3460:12064852
3429:58103130
3334:17615851
3145:Archived
3097:86246413
3045:Archived
2888:Archived
2848:Archived
2787:. CABI.
2737:(1974).
2596:34539686
2444:35590381
2395:25027618
2195:See also
2138:(Korean
2095:Buddhism
2020:charcoal
1994:charcoal
1943:Sandworm
1914:with bee
1896:piping.
1822:whistles
1764:pollards
1673:"Willow"
1584:Bayer AG
1499:cinchona
1358:Archived
1226:cuttings
1205:allowed
1173:Tingidae
1147:honeydew
972:Marshall
886:C.R.Ball
860:fragilis
677:Protitae
612:Taxonomy
532:stipules
528:petioles
518:All the
447:stipules
264:Saliceae
240:Family:
211:Eudicots
7895:1085261
7833:3039576
7637:Commons
7553:Whipsaw
7548:Sawmill
7441:Varnish
7436:Thermal
7411:Lacquer
7346:Binding
7315:Chamfer
7182:Biscuit
7148:Surform
7040:Whipsaw
7010:Keyhole
6995:Fretsaw
6975:Compass
6960:Bucksaw
6950:Bandsaw
6945:Backsaw
6927:Sawbuck
6897:F-clamp
6892:C-clamp
6766:Jointer
6670:Plywood
6622:Zebrano
6562:Ovankol
6527:Meranti
6515:African
6486:Linden
6441:Hickory
6396:Cedrela
6391:Camphor
6386:Bubinga
6381:Boxwood
6361:Bilinga
6346:Avodire
6263:Juniper
6248:Cypress
6123:Luthier
6012:History
5955:Commons
5870:Related
5834:Tanbark
5829:Shellac
5819:Quinine
5792:Gambier
5712:ogogoro
5612:Varnish
5577:Lacquer
5567:Gamboge
5552:Camphor
5542:Benzoin
5452: (
5358:Capuacu
5343:Babassu
5309:Vanilla
5220:Truffle
5205:Red cap
5174:Lingzhi
4963:Coconut
4938:Binukaw
4913:Berries
4800:Coniine
4795:Cocaine
4552:. 1914.
4463:Bibcode
3958:13 June
3041:rhs.org
2721:. p.172
2587:8448165
2520:(ed.).
2496:Hamburg
2424:Bibcode
2169:(pl.).
2167:viminia
2135:gisaeng
2126:witches
2099:Guanyin
2074:Culture
2057:erosion
2008:biofuel
2004:biomass
1971:Bristol
1969:, near
1951:Warfare
1768:coracle
1760:withies
1698:scholar
1580:Aspirin
1571:Spiraea
1533:salicin
1408:and in
1398:Assyria
1281:hybrids
1214:erosion
1065:Ecology
599:corolla
584:catkins
580:flowers
553:Flowers
491:; semi-
443:petiole
424:⁄
331:sallows
327:Willows
270:Genus:
260:Tribe:
230:Order:
172:Plantae
7978:PLANTS
7957:458856
7941:NZOR:
7820:129059
7794:129059
7703:194572
7700:APDB:
7677:Q36050
7543:Hewing
7282:Splice
7237:Halved
7232:Groove
7227:Finger
7207:Coping
7192:Bridle
7169:Joints
7050:Planes
7035:Veneer
7025:Scroll
7020:Ripsaw
7005:Jigsaw
6980:Coping
6879:Clamps
6806:Square
6796:Shaper
6791:Router
6771:Mallet
6746:Gimlet
6721:Chisel
6617:Willow
6607:Walnut
6597:Totara
6587:Sapele
6552:Poplar
6537:Padauk
6499:Merbau
6471:Jarrah
6456:Imbuia
6451:Idigbo
6416:Cumaru
6401:Cherry
6326:Anigre
6288:Spruce
6241:Cedrus
6108:Khatam
6063:Caning
6026:lumber
5878:Dehesa
5839:tannin
5824:Rattan
5787:Forage
5750:edible
5745:Bamboo
5740:Amadou
5719:Rubber
5640:Chicle
5582:Mastic
5534:Resins
5517:Ucuuba
5512:Tucuma
5497:Tamanu
5454:kernel
5425:Mafura
5395:Illipe
5348:Bacuri
5299:Nutmeg
5243:spices
4968:Durian
4928:Banana
4810:Î9-THC
4749:Rhazes
4729:Celsus
4707:People
4698:Willow
4641:Conium
4549:
4497:
4481:
4444:
4429:
4318:537668
4316:
4308:
4174:
4007:
3999:
3896:1 June
3784:
3776:
3715:
3707:
3605:
3547:
3522:
3458:
3427:
3355:
3332:
3095:
2981:
2947:
2920:
2818:
2791:
2759:799792
2757:
2747:
2717:
2692:
2682:
2635:
2594:
2584:
2576:
2502:
2498:2005,
2465:. The
2442:
2393:
2385:
2339:
2202:Aravah
2123:Taoist
2101:, the
2084:Sukkot
2036:(i.e.
2000:Energy
1977:Dyeing
1900:Others
1880:, and
1826:tannin
1786:brooms
1775:wicker
1752:fences
1700:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1671:
1616:tannin
1247:hedges
1143:aphids
1127:larvae
1119:nectar
1093:Berlin
940:Benth.
919:Thunb.
908:Willd.
726:shrubs
700:Eocene
693:Vetrix
685:Vetrix
683:, and
563:catkin
485:leaves
479:Leaves
405:alpine
401:arctic
381:(from
379:sallow
371:willow
356:shrubs
335:osiers
224:Rosids
53:Willow
18:Sallow
8078:Salix
8039:WoI:
7983:SALIX
7970:54580
7934:40685
7908:22476
7890:IRMNG
7866:IPA:
7859:53453
7846:10657
7807:Salix
7802:FoAO2
7781:22673
7768:1SAXG
7755:32667
7742:Salix
7716:59669
7692:Salix
7662:Salix
7421:Paint
7330:Ovolo
7325:Ogive
7310:Bevel
7277:Scarf
7262:Miter
7030:Table
7015:Miter
6990:Frame
6907:Gripe
6823:Speed
6819:Miter
6751:Gauge
6741:Float
6736:Fence
6731:Drill
6689:Tools
6612:Wenge
6602:Utile
6567:Ramin
6522:Maple
6494:Lovoa
6466:Iroko
6436:Hazel
6421:Ebony
6366:Birch
6356:Beech
6351:Balsa
6341:Aspen
6336:Apple
6316:Alder
6273:Kauri
6268:Larch
6230:Cedar
6213:Woods
6188:Treen
5807:henna
5782:Ferns
5733:Other
5682:Latex
5602:Rosin
5597:Pitch
5587:Myrrh
5572:Kauri
5430:Mahua
5420:Kusum
5410:Kombo
5405:Kokum
5327:waxes
5284:Clove
5190:Morel
5124:Ramps
5060:queen
5035:Betel
5027:roots
4888:Honey
4769:Zhang
4739:Galen
4685:Opium
4479:S2CID
4314:JSTOR
4005:S2CID
3826:(PDF)
3819:(PDF)
3782:S2CID
3713:S2CID
3425:S2CID
3148:(PDF)
3141:(PDF)
3093:S2CID
3048:(PDF)
3037:(PDF)
2891:(PDF)
2884:(PDF)
2851:(PDF)
2844:(PDF)
2548:Salix
2480:6 May
2440:S2CID
2391:JSTOR
2357:Salix
2293:Salix
2272:6 May
2260:Salix
2234:Withy
2010:, in
1856:Weeds
1830:fibre
1818:wands
1806:poles
1798:dolls
1782:boxes
1705:JSTOR
1691:books
1607:tonic
1470:, in
1406:Egypt
1402:Sumer
1353:Salix
1340:Salix
1328:Salix
1320:Salix
1254:Ginza
1201:Some
1151:wasps
1123:honey
1082:Ghent
1035:Roxb.
1024:group
983:Kunth
856:Salix
849:Nutt.
827:Muhl.
794:Sarg.
772:Pall.
722:Salix
669:Salix
650:Latin
646:Salix
626:types
618:Salix
595:calyx
473:roots
394:salix
392:word
390:Latin
386:sealh
375:osier
360:soils
343:Salix
339:genus
275:Salix
218:Clade
205:Clade
192:Clade
179:Clade
8019:1639
7991:POWO
7929:NCBI
7903:ITIS
7877:IPNI
7869:4511
7841:GRIN
7828:GBIF
7763:EPPO
7729:7BWB
7711:APNI
7320:Ogee
7305:Bead
7247:Knee
7217:Dado
7197:Butt
6937:Saws
6849:Vise
6786:Rasp
6711:Adze
6592:Teak
6547:Plum
6542:Pear
6303:Hard
6283:Rimu
6278:Pine
6222:Soft
6022:Wood
5814:Peat
5797:Moss
5777:Cork
5677:Kino
5465:Pilu
5450:Palm
5238:Nuts
4893:pine
4883:Furs
4635:Coca
4495:ISBN
4442:ISBN
4427:ISBN
4406:2011
4362:2011
4340:2011
4306:ISSN
4271:2008
4245:2008
4219:2007
4172:ISBN
4153:2011
4062:2011
3997:PMID
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