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and originally promised to take all legal and proper means to reduce the quality of salt manufactured at their furnaces", since they believed oversupply existed in 1817 at about 500,000 bushels. The largest producer of that place and era was Steele, Donnally and Steele, with
William Steele, Andrew Donnally, David Ruffner, Isaac and Bradford Noyes, Leonard and Charles Morris, Tobias and Daniel Ruffner, Aaron Stockton, Charles Brown, John Reynolds, Stephen Radcliffe and John, John D., Samuel and Joel Shrewsbury also participating in that original output cartel. However, their group never managed to enlist all the producers, and some non-participants even unsuccessfully petitioned the Virginia General Assembly to make capping a brine well a felony (citing a Kentucky statute as model). In 1822 and 1824, William Steele and Company repeated production control attempts, including by contract with John J. Cabell and Walter Trimble, with any controversies among the parties to be resolved by Andrew Donnally, William Brigham and Isaac Noyes, or any of them. In 1830, Dr. J.J. Cabell moved to the salines, where he would die in 1834. Meanwhile, in 1831, overproduction concerns continued, with John J. Cabell reporting by November that all manufacturers had agreed to cap production at one million bushels, though the producers failed to agree about individual quotas, and by 1835 production reached nearly 2 million bushels and prices had fallen in Cincinnati and other markets. The Kanawha Salt Association ultimately collapsed, and production reached its highest level (exceeding 4 million bushels) in the early 1850s. Kanawha salt also won a prize at the 1851 World Far and 1868 Paris Exposition. Although the Kanawha salines remained the country's largest producer of that vital commodity for curing meat and other uses until the American Civil War, other salines came into production along the Ohio River, as well as rock salt mines in New York state and Michigan (the Michigan Salt Association attempted a similar output pool arrangement in 1868).
229:, as did his friend (and adoptive half-uncle) Napoleon Bonaparte Cabell, who became responsible for Kanawha salt sales and collections in the Ohio River watershed between Louisville, Kentucky and Cairo, Illinois for Ruffner, Donnally & Company in the 1850s. In his various wills found after his murder, Samuel Cabell always named Napoleon Bonaparte Cabell as one of the trustees responsible for his children. After the American Civil War, N.B. Cabell's sons ran the West Virginia Colliery Company. "Samuel J. Cabbel" first shows in the 1830 U.S. Census as a slaveholder of between 20 and 30 years old, living with a free black woman of between 25 and 35 years of age and 11 enslaved black males and two black females (including one girl and one boy).
244:, as his lifelong mate and fathered thirteen children (Elizabeth, Sam, Lucy, Mary Jane, Sidney Ann, Soula, Eunice, Alice, Marina (or Bobby), Braxton, Betty, William Clifford and James B.) whom he cared for, and eventually in his wills granted freedom from slavery. He sent some of them to private school in Ohio (since educating blacks was illegal in Virginia).
278:). The college acquired further acreage from the former plantation, and owns the family graveyard, which includes his tombstone spelling his surname "Cabble" and where his widow was buried in 1900. Other parts of the property became a vocational rehabilitation center and industrial plants for chemicals (now owned by
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Williams. Local papers were opinionated and contradictory, some blaming the Union League and other denying such and mentioning the victim's rebel sympathies. Several trials were held, but transcripts not made or not found. Clerk office records simply indicate that each of the accused was found innocent.
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In
December 1865, the Kanawha County Commissioners found all the wills valid, and in 1869 allowed Mary and her children to change their surnames to "Cabell". Napoleon Bonaparte Cabell had been named the legal guardian of the six youngest children in late 1865, and the commissioners divided the estate
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long after Dr. John J. Cabell's death). Enslaved labor stoked furnaces to boil brine into salt, so until the
American Civil War Kanawha county had the highest percentage of slaves of any Virginia County west of the Appalachians. John J. Cabell and other subscribers agreed to jointly market their salt
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valley who may have been murdered for marrying one of his former slaves and providing for their descendants. Although seven white men were acquitted of crime, his will was honored and his descendants went on to lead productive lives. Part of his former plantation approximately nine miles west of what
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When the federal government passed a law which would deny funds to states which refused higher education to black children, West
Virginia purchased 30 acres of what had been Cabell's land from his daughter Marina (who may have become the first black postmistress in the state) and developed the "West
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Cabell did not file a will at the
Kanawha County courthouse during his lifetime (perhaps because it did not permit precautionary storage), although the clerk's office later acquired at least four wills, all manumitting Mary Barnes and their children. The first will was dated November 24, 1851. The
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Randolph W. Cabell, the most recent of Cabell family genealogists correctly deduced that the West
Virginia Cabells are descendants (by adoption and naturally) of Col. John Cabell (1735–1815), who served in the Virginia General Assembly. Col. John married Paulina Jordan in 1761. Records concerning
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courthouse, but his will was discovered in the mid-1970s. Col. John Cabell would have two additional wives, raising an "unnamed son" (Robert J. Cabell, alias "Robert Jones") of his second wife
Elizabeth Brierton Jones, and having at least Alexander A Cabell and Napoleon Bonaparte Cabell with his
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last will dated
September 12, 1863 specifically denied manumission for slaves who fled during the Civil War or were taken by Union troops. The number of wills reflects Cabell's growing family, as well as Virginia state laws and legal decisions in the 1850s which made manumission more difficult.
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Samuel I. Cabell was murdered at his home on July 18, 1865. A week later, a weekly pro-Union
Charlestown newspaper reported his death, and the arrest of Allen Spradling, Andrew Jackson Spradling, Mark L. Spradling, Stark B. Whittington, Lawrence Whittington, William Whittington and Christopher
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among Mary and the children in 1870 and 1871. Although some of Samuel Cabell's descendants moved from the area, the town that developed on the former plantation became a haven in a sometimes racist environment, surviving despite petitions in the 1870s to ban all
Negroes from Kanawha County.
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church by 1819, the year his last son died as an infant, although he would be survived by a wife and several daughters who married well. Meanwhile, in 1817, John J. Cabell was one of the original 20 investors in the Kanawha Salt Company, which purchased the interests of seven entities then
129:, Elizabeth secured a share of her fiancee Robert Williams' estate. He died five months before her son Robert was born. Soon afterward she married a Mr. Jones. Elizabeth passed away in 1802, and Col. Cabell adopted Robert Jones, referring to him in his will as "Robert Jones Cabell".
373:"The Statutes at Large, being a collection of all the laws of Virginia, from the first session of the legislature, in the year 1619. Published pursuant to an act of the General Assembly of Virginia, passed on the fifth day of February one thousand eight hundred and eight. Volume XII
659:
c.f. Katherine Wisnosky, The Will of the Master: Testamentary Manumission in Virginia 1800-1858 available at://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3507&context=thesesdissertations
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valley from Clarke County, Georgia, where his father Robert Jones Cabell had died in 1823 (although Samuel's death record says he was born in Georgia, the 1850 Census says he was born in Virginia).
156:(one of the gateways westward across the Appalachian Mountains) and may have inherited an independent streak from his non-emigrant grandfather, the dissenter Nicholas Cabell, for he converted to the
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Robert J. Cabell married Samuel's mother Betsy Reid in Bedford County, Virginia in 1803. She passed away before Robert married his next wife Ann Billups in Clarke County, Georgia in 1809.
209:. It would also allow eastern manufactured goods to reach settlements of the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys. One of Col. S. J. Cabell's sons, William Symes Cabell, would remove to
286:). In 1945, salt production stopped after an industrial fire, although bromine extraction continued until 1985. The J.Q. Dickinson Salt Works is a modern and artisanal small business.
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Samuel's father Robert Jones Cabell was the son of Col. John Cabell's second wife Mrs. Elizabeth Jones, who he married in 1797 when Robert was about fifteen. By an Act of the
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In addition to entrusting his children to Napoleon B. Cabell, he named his maternal uncle Nathan Reid of Patrick County, Virginia as an executor for his estate.
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manufacturing salt from brine in the 10 mile stretch sometimes called the Great Buffalo Lick along the Great Kanawha River (south of what became
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third wife (the former Frances Johnson). Col. John Cabell's son by his first wife, Samuel Jordan Cabell (1776–1854) lived most of his life in
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until the year before this Samuel I. Cabell's birth. That Col. S. J. Cabell's adoptive grandfather, uncles and several cousins promoted the
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In 1853, Cabell first became a landowner in the area, purchasing 967 acres (3.91 km) which once belonged to George Washington.
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1830 U.S. Federal Census for Kanawha County, Virginia, pp. 17 and 18 of 84, the spelling reflecting local pronunciation
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177:(1756–1818), led Patriot troops in the American Revolutionary War before returning to run plantations in the upper
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http://kanawhasalinesfoundation.com/history-of-kanawha-salt//kanawhasalinesfoundation.com/history-of-kanawha-salt/
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Virginia Legislative Petitions of the General Assembly, 1776-1865, Accession Number 36121, Box 41, Folder 56
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W. S. Laidley, History of Charleston and Kanawha County West Virginia and Representative Citizens p. 947
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Bedford County, Virginia General Index to Marriage Bonds & Ministers' Returns, 1754-1870, film 30592
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145:(which became part of West Virginia during the American Civil War) before moving westward and dying in
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John E. Stealey III, The Antebellum Kanawha Salt Business (University of Kentucky Press pp. 26-27
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441:: Sun Mar 10 19:48:44 UTC 2024), Entry for Robert J Cabell and Ann R Billups, 1809.
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Another of Col. John Cabell's sons Dr. John J. Cabell (1772–1834) lived mostly in
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Albert and Sidney Small Special Collections, Library, University of Virginia
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murder victim, possibly because of interracial marriage; plantation became
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FamilySearch.org: 29 January 2020, John Cabell and Elizabeth Jones, 1797
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619:
FamilySearch: Sat Mar 09 10:56:16 UTC 2024, Entry for Samuel I Cabell.
93:(1802 - July 18, 1865) was a wealthy Virginia plantation owner in the
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Alexander Brown, The Cabells and their Kin (preface to 1994 edition)
282:) and petrochemicals (the dormant Goodrich-Gulf plant now owned by
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William Waller Hening, Richmond, VA 1823, Chapter XXXVIII, p. 65
213:, although his son would be a different Samuel Jordan Cabell.
543:"History of Kanawha Salt | Kanawha Salines Foundation"
479:"History of Kanawha Salt | Kanawha Salines Foundation"
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and began accepting white students after the decisions in
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Virginia Memory Digital Collections, Library of Virginia
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136:his descendants were destroyed in a fire at the
426:Entry for Robert J Cabell and Betsy Reid, 1803.
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347:Clarke County, Georgia Will Book B, pp. 21-22
345:Will of Robert J. Cabell, prob. 7 Jul 1823,
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631:"Institute: It Springs from Epic Love Story"
585:"Institute: It Springs from Epic Love Story"
305:"Institute: It Springs from Epic Love Story"
268:Virginia Colored Institute" (which became
181:watershed and represented the area in the
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436:"Georgia, County Marriages, 1785-1950"
617:"West Virginia Will Books, 1756-1971"
98:soon became the new state capital at
16:Virginia plantation owner (1802–1865)
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741:People from Institute, West Virginia
201:valley to Atlantic ports including
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766:1865 murders in the United States
629:Haught, James A. (January 1971).
583:Haught, James A. (January 1971).
303:Haught, James A. (January 1971).
169:The Cabell family was one of the
746:People murdered in West Virginia
106:, a historically black college.
414:The Cabell Family Society, Inc.
361:"Virginia Marriages, 1785-1940"
240:Cabell took one of his slaves,
756:19th-century American planters
336:Entry for Samuel Cabbel, 1830.
270:West Virginia State University
104:West Virginia State University
83:West Virginia State University
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493:"E-WV | Kanawha Salines"
191:James River and Kanawha Canal
187:U.S. House of Representatives
55:Kanawha County, West Virginia
334:"United States Census, 1830"
221:This Cabell settled in near
217:Slaveowner in Kanawha County
173:. Col. John Cabell's nephew
275:Brown v. Board of Education
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171:First Families of Virginia
211:Hinds County, Mississippi
205:, the state capital, and
183:Virginia General Assembly
163:Charleston, West Virginia
127:Virginia General Assembly
100:Charleston, West Virginia
227:Kanawha County, Virginia
736:American murder victims
147:Green County, Kentucky
761:American slave owners
635:West Virginia History
589:West Virginia History
400:John Cabell biography
309:West Virginia History
195:Appalachian Mountains
175:Samuel Jordan Cabell
154:Lynchburg, Virginia
459:see talk page note
707:WV GenWeb Project
703:"Cabell Cemetery"
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685:jqdsalt.com
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242:Mary Barnes
179:James River
62:Nationality
725:Categories
290:References
199:Ohio River
110:Early life
70:Occupation
47:1865-07-18
696:See also
203:Richmond
65:American
284:Go-Mart
207:Norfolk
102:became
681:"Home"
223:Malden
714:2015
647:2015
601:2015
321:2015
41:Died
35:U.S.
32:1802
29:Born
225:in
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