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212:(τὸ Ἐλάϊομ), the former to the left of the city, at the distance of 30 stadia, and the latter to the right at the distance of 30 stadia. As Cotilium lies to the northeast of Phigalia, and Pausanias in this description seems to have looked towards the east, Mt. Elaeum should probably be placed on the opposite side of Phigalia, and consequently to the south of the Neda, in which case it would correspond to the lofty mountain of Kúvela. Mt. Elaeum contained a cavern sacred to the Black
265:, of which there are still some traces. The grandeur of the ruins of the temple have given to the whole of the surrounding district the name of the Columns (στοὺς στύλους or κολόνναις). The temple is at least two and a half hours walk from the ruins of the city, and consequently more than the 40 stadia, which Pausanias mentions as the distance from Phigalia to Cotilium; but this distance perhaps applies to the nearest part of the mountain from the city.
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variety of the prospect from its site.” A spring rises about ten minutes walk southwest of the temple, and soon afterwards loses itself in the ground, as
Pausanias has described. North of the temple was the highest summit of the mountain, which one reaches in ten minutes' time by a broad road constructed by the Greeks. This summit was called Cotilum (Κώτιλον), whence the whole mountain derived the name of Cotilian; here was a sanctuary of
292:, who describes it as situated upon a lofty and precipitous hill, the greater part of the walls being built upon the rocks, show it to have been a place of considerable strength and importance, no autonomous coins of Phigalia are known. Nothing remained above ground of the temples of Artemis or Dionysus and the numerous statues and other works of art which existed at the time of Pausanias' visit, about AD 170.
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314:, which flows into the Neda. The walls are of the usual thickness, faced with masonry of the second order, and filled in the middle with rubble. On the summit of the acropolis within the walls are the remains of a detached citadel, 80 yards (73 m) in length, containing a round tower at the extremity, measuring 18 feet (5.5 m) in the interior diameter. In ancient times a temple of
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who visited the site wrote that “there is certainly no remnant of the architectural splendour of Greece more calculated to fascinate the imagination than this temple; whether by its own size and beauty, by the contrast it offers to the wild desolation of the surrounding scenery, or the extent and
303:, and a large square central fortress with a circular projecting tower, are the only remains now traceable, at least without the aid of excavation. The walls, once nearly 2 miles (3.2 km) in circuit, are strongly placed on rocks, which slope down to the little river
168:, who, according to an oracle, perished fighting against the Lacedaemonians. In 375 BC, Phigalia was rent asunder by hostile factions; and the supporters of the Lacedaemonian party, being expelled from the city, took possession of a fortress in the neighbourhood named
330:, supposed to be a surname of Artemis, which was opened only once a year. In the same neighbourhood, and at the distance of 12 stadia from the city, were some warm baths, traces of which are visible at the village of Tragói, but the waters have long ceased to flow.
326:, who lost his life in the Olympic Games, and with the sepulchre of the Oresthasians, who perished to restore the Phigaleans to their native city. Upon a rock, difficult of access, near the union of the Lymax and the Neda, was a temple of
248:, in the beauty of the stone and the accuracy of its masonry. He particularly mentions that the roof was of stone as well as the rest of the building. This temple still remains almost entire, and is next to the
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for Βήσση, Βῆσσαι) near the summit of Mt. Cotilium, in the midst of a wilderness of rocks, studded with old knotty oaks. Nineteenth-century
British scholar
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The rock, upon which the city stood, slopes down towards the Neda; on the western side it is bounded by a ravine and on the eastern by the torrent
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The name
Phigalia was more ancient than that of Phialia, but the original name had again come into use in the time of
216:, situated in a grove of oaks. Of the position of Mt. Cotilium there is no doubt. On it was situated the temple of
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stood on the summit of the acropolis. On the slope of the mountain lay the gymnasium and the temple of
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at Athens the best preserved of the temples of Greece. It stands in a glen (whence the name Βᾶσσαι,
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Several curious cults were preserved near
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Phigalia was surrounded by mountains, of which
Pausanias mentions two by name,
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96:(Φιαλία or Φιάλεια), was an ancient Greek city in the south-west corner of
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A great part of the city wall, built in fine
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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120:(Παύλιτσα). In modern geography it is located in southeastern
188:. In common with the other cities of Arcadia, it appears in
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Middleton, John Henry; Gardner, Ernest Arthur (1911). "
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500:Journal of a Tour in Greece and the Ionian Islands
92:or Φιγαλέα or Φιγάλεια or Φιγαλία), also known as
136:; the identification of the latter is uncertain.
284:with a horse's head, whose image was renewed by
402:"The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites"
272:The ruins of the Temple of Athena in Phigalia
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668:Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Greece
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160:In 659 BC, Phigalia was taken by the
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643:Populated places in ancient Arcadia
502:(1842, Edinburgh), vol. ii. p. 270.
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658:Former populated places in Greece
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180:leagues in 221 BC it was held by
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590:, ed. (1854–1857). "Phigalia".
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374:Stephanus of Byzantium
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526:Description of Greece
513:Description of Greece
484:Description of Greece
459:Description of Greece
427:Description of Greece
320:Dionysus Acratophorus
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200:Situation and remains
114:nearby modern village
648:Arcadian city-states
299:and partly isodomic
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126:Peloponnese
637:Categories
610:21°50′21″E
607:37°23′47″N
334:References
182:Dorimachus
653:Parrhasia
528:, 8.41.4
404:. Perseus
389:Pausanias
370:Pausanias
324:Arrachion
290:Pausanias
263:Aphrodite
238:Epicurius
230:Parthenon
146:Pausanias
102:Parrhasia
78:Phigaleia
560:Phigalia
429:, 8.39.2
408:4 August
358:, iv. 3.
351:Polybius
328:Eurynome
278:Eurynome
206:Cotylium
178:Aetolian
130:Cotylium
118:Pavlitsa
106:Messenia
90:Φιγαλεία
82:Phigalea
74:Phigalia
28:Phigalia
673:Zacharo
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566:(ed.).
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539:Sources
530:et seq.
443:Ethnica
282:Demeter
250:Theseum
226:Ictinus
214:Demeter
174:Achaean
156:History
132:and Mt
94:Phialia
66:Arcadia
562:". In
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473:15.40.
387:So in
368:So in
349:So in
301:ashlar
286:Onatas
242:Bassae
234:Athens
210:Elaeum
196:rule.
190:Strabo
170:Heraea
150:Lycaon
134:Elaeum
62:Region
471:Diod.
312:Lymax
254:Doric
246:Tegea
194:Roman
447:s.v.
410:2019
372:and
305:Neda
176:and
140:Name
122:Elis
110:Neda
232:at
224:by
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76:or
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