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201:(τὸ Ἐλάϊομ), the former to the left of the city, at the distance of 30 stadia, and the latter to the right at the distance of 30 stadia. As Cotilium lies to the northeast of Phigalia, and Pausanias in this description seems to have looked towards the east, Mt. Elaeum should probably be placed on the opposite side of Phigalia, and consequently to the south of the Neda, in which case it would correspond to the lofty mountain of Kúvela. Mt. Elaeum contained a cavern sacred to the Black
254:, of which there are still some traces. The grandeur of the ruins of the temple have given to the whole of the surrounding district the name of the Columns (στοὺς στύλους or κολόνναις). The temple is at least two and a half hours walk from the ruins of the city, and consequently more than the 40 stadia, which Pausanias mentions as the distance from Phigalia to Cotilium; but this distance perhaps applies to the nearest part of the mountain from the city.
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variety of the prospect from its site.” A spring rises about ten minutes walk southwest of the temple, and soon afterwards loses itself in the ground, as
Pausanias has described. North of the temple was the highest summit of the mountain, which one reaches in ten minutes' time by a broad road constructed by the Greeks. This summit was called Cotilum (Κώτιλον), whence the whole mountain derived the name of Cotilian; here was a sanctuary of
281:, who describes it as situated upon a lofty and precipitous hill, the greater part of the walls being built upon the rocks, show it to have been a place of considerable strength and importance, no autonomous coins of Phigalia are known. Nothing remained above ground of the temples of Artemis or Dionysus and the numerous statues and other works of art which existed at the time of Pausanias' visit, about AD 170.
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303:, which flows into the Neda. The walls are of the usual thickness, faced with masonry of the second order, and filled in the middle with rubble. On the summit of the acropolis within the walls are the remains of a detached citadel, 80 yards (73 m) in length, containing a round tower at the extremity, measuring 18 feet (5.5 m) in the interior diameter. In ancient times a temple of
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who visited the site wrote that “there is certainly no remnant of the architectural splendour of Greece more calculated to fascinate the imagination than this temple; whether by its own size and beauty, by the contrast it offers to the wild desolation of the surrounding scenery, or the extent and
292:, and a large square central fortress with a circular projecting tower, are the only remains now traceable, at least without the aid of excavation. The walls, once nearly 2 miles (3.2 km) in circuit, are strongly placed on rocks, which slope down to the little river
157:, who, according to an oracle, perished fighting against the Lacedaemonians. In 375 BC, Phigalia was rent asunder by hostile factions; and the supporters of the Lacedaemonian party, being expelled from the city, took possession of a fortress in the neighbourhood named
319:, supposed to be a surname of Artemis, which was opened only once a year. In the same neighbourhood, and at the distance of 12 stadia from the city, were some warm baths, traces of which are visible at the village of Tragói, but the waters have long ceased to flow.
315:, who lost his life in the Olympic Games, and with the sepulchre of the Oresthasians, who perished to restore the Phigaleans to their native city. Upon a rock, difficult of access, near the union of the Lymax and the Neda, was a temple of
237:, in the beauty of the stone and the accuracy of its masonry. He particularly mentions that the roof was of stone as well as the rest of the building. This temple still remains almost entire, and is next to the
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for Βήσση, Βῆσσαι) near the summit of Mt. Cotilium, in the midst of a wilderness of rocks, studded with old knotty oaks. Nineteenth-century
British scholar
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The rock, upon which the city stood, slopes down towards the Neda; on the western side it is bounded by a ravine and on the eastern by the torrent
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The name
Phigalia was more ancient than that of Phialia, but the original name had again come into use in the time of
205:, situated in a grove of oaks. Of the position of Mt. Cotilium there is no doubt. On it was situated the temple of
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stood on the summit of the acropolis. On the slope of the mountain lay the gymnasium and the temple of
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at Athens the best preserved of the temples of Greece. It stands in a glen (whence the name Βᾶσσαι,
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Phigalia was surrounded by mountains, of which
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85:(Φιαλία or Φιάλεια), was an ancient Greek city in the south-west corner of
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A great part of the city wall, built in fine
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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109:(Παύλιτσα). In modern geography it is located in southeastern
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Middleton, John Henry; Gardner, Ernest Arthur (1911). "
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489:Journal of a Tour in Greece and the Ionian Islands
81:or Φιγαλέα or Φιγάλεια or Φιγαλία), also known as
125:; the identification of the latter is uncertain.
273:with a horse's head, whose image was renewed by
391:"The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites"
261:The ruins of the Temple of Athena in Phigalia
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632:Populated places in ancient Arcadia
491:(1842, Edinburgh), vol. ii. p. 270.
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169:leagues in 221 BC it was held by
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579:, ed. (1854–1857). "Phigalia".
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515:Description of Greece
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416:Description of Greece
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323:References
171:Dorimachus
642:Parrhasia
517:, 8.41.4
393:. Perseus
378:Pausanias
359:Pausanias
313:Arrachion
279:Pausanias
252:Aphrodite
227:Epicurius
219:Parthenon
135:Pausanias
91:Parrhasia
67:Phigaleia
549:Phigalia
418:, 8.39.2
397:4 August
347:, iv. 3.
340:Polybius
317:Eurynome
267:Eurynome
195:Cotylium
167:Aetolian
119:Cotylium
107:Pavlitsa
95:Messenia
79:Φιγαλεία
71:Phigalea
63:Phigalia
17:Phigalia
662:Zacharo
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555:(ed.).
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528:Sources
519:et seq.
432:Ethnica
271:Demeter
239:Theseum
215:Ictinus
203:Demeter
163:Achaean
145:History
121:and Mt
83:Phialia
55:Arcadia
551:". In
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376:So in
357:So in
338:So in
290:ashlar
275:Onatas
231:Bassae
223:Athens
199:Elaeum
185:rule.
179:Strabo
159:Heraea
139:Lycaon
123:Elaeum
51:Region
460:Diod.
301:Lymax
243:Doric
235:Tegea
183:Roman
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399:2019
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99:Neda
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