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The presence of caves dug into the hill behind the shrine is attested since ancient times and probably have also been a refuge for robbers. Montenero was known as "the devil’s mountain". In the early 20th century, they were extended as a result of an excavation company, which obtained permission
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enlarged the sanctuary. Between the end of the 16th century and early 17th century an oval atrium was added and richly decorated. After the suppression of religious orders by
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To commemorate a legend, a small Chapel was built at the beginning of the road that leads to the shrine dating back to 1603. In 1956 it was replaced by a larger church.
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for the extraction of the stone material. Having hosted shelters during
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Guida storica ed artistica della città e dei dintorni di
Livorno
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