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the official rate of tax. At the same time, laws were enacted under which false reporting and concealment of assets was punishable by confiscation of assets and exile to the borders for a year. People were encouraged to report cases of concealment with half the confiscated assets being awarded to the reporters.
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As the
Assistant Minister, Sang soon implemented several more measures to refill the national coffers. These included an asset tax, payable by artisans, bankers, merchants, and owners of carriages and boats, which was calculated according to the amount of assets. Smallholders only needed to pay half
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had drained the wealth built up by
Emperor Wu's predecessors, and the state had entered a financial crisis. In 120 BC, the Minister of Agriculture, Zheng Dangshi (鄭當時), first proposed the idea of state monopolies on iron and salt, recommending two powerful salt and iron magnates to join the
135:. However, Sang was executed in 80 BC by the regent Huo Guang on charges of treason for his alleged involvement in the attempted coup by Liu Dan (劉旦), King of Yan, aimed at taking over the throne of Han and having Huo Guang murdered. As a result, Sang's biography was not included in the
61:. He is famous for his economic policies during the reign of Emperor Wu, the best known of which include the state monopolies over iron and salt - systems which would be imitated by other dynasties throughout Chinese history. Due to political conflict, he was executed in 80 BC by
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government and manage the industry on a national scale. Sang
Hongyang was then assigned to aid the magnates in their planning. With the success of the monopolies in improving the empire's financial situation, Sang eventually rose to become Assistant Minister of Agriculture.
84:, one of the Han dynasty's major commercial centres, to a family of merchants. In his youth, he was known for his mathematical prowess. When Emperor Wu ascended to the throne in 141 BC, Sang came to his notice and was eventually invited to become an Attendant (
90:). This was one way which the Emperor gained and retained talented individuals in the palace, and by which many important officials began their careers. Sang would remain an Attendant for 26 years.
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In 87 BC, Sang
Hongyang became the Imperial Secretary (also known as Imperial Counsellor and Grandee Secretary), one of the three most senior posts in government known as the
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Sang's skill at economic policy would only come into play during the middle of
Emperor Wu's reign. By then, the ongoing
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in that year, Sang became one of the key politicians during the period of the triumvirate formed by
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184:, 103–222. Edited by Denis Twitchett and Michael Loewe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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The
Cambridge History of China: Volume I: the Ch'in and Han Empires, 221 B.C. – A.D. 220
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November 80 BC) was a
Chinese politician. He was a prominent official of the
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Loewe, Michael. (1986). "The Former Han
Dynasty," in
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68:Sang was one of the participants in the
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236:People executed by the Han dynasty
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156:9th month of the 1st year of the
231:Han dynasty government officials
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100:campaigns against the Xiongnu
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173:Loewe (1986), 180–181.
221:Executed Han dynasty people
72:which took place in 81 BC.
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226:Executed people from Henan
80:Sang Hongyang was born in
216:1st-century BC executions
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241:Politicians from Luoyang
70:debate of Salt and Iron
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76:Youth and officialdom
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160:era, per vol.23 of
121:Emperor Zhao of Han
117:Three Excellencies
111:Imperial secretary
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55:Emperor Wu of Han
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65:(d. 68 BC).
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138:Book of Han
51:Han dynasty
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158:Yuan'feng
125:Huo Guang
63:Huo Guang
129:Jin Midi
82:Luoyang
29:Chinese
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