952:, with a later addition in 1975 by David Kahler. The purpose of the new pavilion, as defined by the museum board, was to give the museum a new entrance, and especially "to redefine the identity of the museum with a strong image." Calatrava's design was selected after a competition entered by seventy-seven architects. Calatrava's solution was a glass and steel entry hall 2 metres (6.6 ft) high with a moveable sun screen roof, composed of two large wings made up of twenty-six smaller wings, from 8 to 32 metres (26 to 105 ft) in length. The sunscreen, weighing 115 tonnes (113 long tons; 127 short tons), can be hoisted up by a single pylon, like an enormous bird's wing, or lowered when the wind from the lake is stronger than 65 kilometres per hour (35 kn). The interior of the structure has a conference hall, exposition space, shops, and a restaurant overlooking the lake. He also designed a suspension footbridge between the center of the city and edge of the lake.
1397:
1279:. The eye-shaped central building has an area of 200,000 square feet on two floors, and contains all the classrooms, faculty offices laboratories and public spaces until the other buildings are completed. The building has several signature Calatrava features, including an extendable sun scene on the roof, which entirely changes the appearance of the building when deployed, and whose form changes gradually as the sun moves. The terraces of the building are covered by a curving pergola, or screen, of steel, which reduces the direct sunlight by thirty percent. Inside, the corridors and central courtyard are lit by the central skylight. Plans for the building call for the installation of 1,860 square metres (20,000 sq ft) of solar panels on the sunscreen to provide energy for the building. The library of the university is also distinctive; it does not have a single book; all the collection is digitized.
810:
1001:, Sweden, was Calatrava's first skyscraper, and was the first twisting skyscraper, a form which later appeared in other cities around the world from Shanghai to Moscow. The building was originally conceived by the architect as a sculpture of "seven cubes stacked on a steel support creating a spiral structure resembling a twisting spinal column." The tower is 190 metres (620 ft) high, and twists a full ninety degrees from the base to the top. Each of the nine cubes cube is like a separate five-story building; each floor contains from one to five apartments. The support holding the structure together is the column of elevators and escalators which communicate between the cubes. A system of discreet cross beams on the exterior frame manage the torsion of the twisting building. In 2016, it was the tallest building in Scandinavia.
1014:
complex. The roof for the stadium, in the form of bent "leaves" of laminated glass, is designed to reflect 90 percent of the sunlight. The roof covers 25,000 square metres (270,000 sq ft), and is supported by double-tied arches of tubular steel, with a span of 304 metres (997 ft) and a height of 60 metres (200 ft). It is 250 metres (820 ft) long and 20 metres (66 ft) high, suspended by cables from two parabolic arches. The
Velodrome has a white cap supported by two concrete arches 45 metres (148 ft) high, weighing 4,000 tonnes (3,900 long tons; 4,400 short tons), from which the glass and steel roof is suspended. Calatrava also designed an enormous parabolic arch at the entrance and the Wall of Nations, a mobile sculpture of tubular steel which moves in a wavelike patterns.
1675:
1067:
552:
448:
1113:
416:
1160:
1393:, originally budgeted for about $ 405 million. Ignacio Blanco, the leader of a small opposition party in Valencia, blamed Calatrava of spending nearly three times the original budget, and accused the region of paying him approximately $ 127 million for his work, though the complex was originally lacking elevators for the disabled, and the opera house had 150 seats with obstructed views. In 2013 Calatrava sued his critic for defamation and won, however because the judge ruled that, although the website presented "objective truths", its name "Calatrava te la clava" (a rhyme meaning "Calatrava bleeds you dry") was "insulting and degrading".
432:
1345:
Calatrava, it resembles "a bird flying from the hands of a child". The "Wings" of the above-ground structure were originally designed to move upward to a maximum height of 51 metres (167 ft) to form a double screen 51 metres (167 ft) high, but this feature had to be dropped to meet new security standards. The main hall of the station is 10 metres (33 ft) underground, and the tracks of the PATH system on another level 8 metres (26 ft) below. The underground station was originally designed so that its roof would open entirely in good weather, but this feature also had to be dropped due to its cost and space limitations.
617:
1129:
895:
1489:
clients around the world....But when I was standing on the marble floors in its enormous, gleaming central concourse two stories below street level, staring up at a clear blue sky between bone-white ribs vaulting 160ft over my head, I, like Jonah in the whale, repented – at least for the moment....We deserve grand expressions of our artistic and technological capabilities. We deserve public spaces that inspire. The Oculus is deeply flawed, but I appreciate its aspiration and grandeur.... The Oculus presents a more optimistic vision, one based less on present realities and more on future possibilities. Less
1191:
883:
361:, Switzerland for a second degree in civil engineering. In 1981, he was awarded a doctorate in the department of architecture, after completing his thesis on "The Pliability of three-dimensional structures." Speaking of this period, Calatrava told biographer Philip Jodildo (AKA Nick Fendt, Jet):"The desire to start all over at zero was very strong in me. I was fascinated by the concept of gravity and convinced that it was necessary to begin work with simple forms." Calatrava explained that he was particularly influenced by the work of the early 20th century Swiss engineer
1645:
1615:
798:
1098:
467:
1175:
632:
377:
761:
1083:
567:
848:
867:
396:
647:
583:
985:, is a concert hall with 1558 seats and a smaller chamber music hall of 428 seats. With a curving concrete cupola 60 metres (200 ft) high, crowned by a curving roof like a breaking wave, it dominates the city square and old town below. The shell is covered with ceramic tiles and the pavement and most of the floors are made of the local basalt stone. The unusual sculptural form of the building gives it a completely different appearance depending upon from where it is viewed.
1701:
63:
829:
736:. Similar to the galleria he designed in Toronto, but on a grander scale, the interior of the station features a forest of white columns like gigantic trees that support the glass roof, 238 by 78 metres (781 by 256 ft), which covers the eight tracks. The station complex also includes a shopping center, and transport links by tram and metro to the center of the city. With its multiple arches and curves, the structure appears to be moving and ready to take off.
1259:, and designed for pedestrians and cyclists, it is a glass and stew-wrapped tube 126 metres (413 ft) long. It appears extraordinary long for a bridge with no towers or pylons to hold it up. Calatrava described the form in his own particular engineering vocabulary as "defined by a helicoidal movement, with an ovoid cross section, with two clearly materialized tangential lanes expressing an internal architectural volume."
1574:, made sculptures that moved. He wrote his own university thesis on "The Flexibility of three-dimensional structures," and described how objects, by moving, could shift from three dimensions to two and even to one. Moving elements which folded and expanded became an important element of almost all of his projects. "Architecture itself moves", he told a biographer, "and, with a little chance, becomes a magnificent ruin".
1690:
1634:
1145:
1236:, opened for traffic in March 2012. The bridge, carrying six lanes of traffic, is 209 metres (686 ft) long, with the appearance of being suspended from an arc-shaped tubular steel pylon forty stories or 136 metres (446 ft) high by fifty-eight cables, ranging in length from 119 to 196 metres (390 to 643 ft). In form, the bridge resembles one of three bridges constructed in 2005–2005 on the
673:. The concrete pylon leans backwards, and seems to grasp the vertical broadcast antennas. Its form suggests an athlete about to throw a javelin. The circular building at the base of the tower, which contains the broadcast equipment, is clad in white bricks and is equipped with metal resembling an eye which opens and closes. The building has a particularly Catalan touch, borrowed from the park benches of
1660:
602:
1030:(1996–2006), all constructed on a plot of 35 hectares between a highway and a river on the east side of the city. The L'Hemisfèric, like a half-sunken globe, is placed in the centre, next to a large artificial lake, in which it seems to be sinking. The dome is covered by a metal screen which opens and closes, and the entrance opens like a human eye. On one side is the
1275:(2009–2014) gave Calatrava the opportunity to design an entire campus in a unified style. The site covers 170 acres (69 ha) of land which once contained phosphorus mines, many of which have been filled with water creating small lakes.Calatrava's plan combined several small lakes into a central lake, which serves as a setting for the central structure, the
717:
long glass and concrete bridge. The glass and steel sides and skylights of the terminal from the inside resemble a modernistic cathedral; the glass panels at the top are intended to suggest flight. From the outside, the station has been said to resemble a prehistoric animal, while the glass-and-steel bridge has been compared to a bird or a
1382:
abound that he is indifferent to the needs of his clients. In 2013 a Dutch councillor in
Haarlemmermeer, near Amsterdam, urged his colleagues to take legal action because the three bridges the architect designed for the town cost twice the budgeted amount and then millions more in upkeep since they opened in 2004."
944:(1994–2001) was Calatrava's first building in the United States, and his first museum. It displayed the technical innovations and forms he had first used in his railway stations and airports, but with more freedom of form and architectural theatrics. It is an addition to an existing building, constructed by
330:. His Calatrava surname was an old aristocratic one from medieval times, and was once associated with an order of knights in Spain. He had his primary and secondary schooling in Valencia, and, beginning in 1957, studied drawing and painting at the School of Applied Art. In 1964, as the regime of General
1013:
in Athens, Greece, Calatrava won the commission to cover the existing stadium with a new roof, to make a similar roof for the velodrome, and additionally to build four entrance gateways, a monumental sculpture to symbolize the games, and other architectural features to give harmony and variety to the
660:
At the beginning of the 1990s, Calatrava built several remarkable railway stations and bridges, but broadened his portfolio by designing a wider range of structures, including a
Canadian shopping center, a new passenger terminal for Bilbao airport, and his first building in the United States, the new
1214:
combines two office buildings and a hotel, covered with horizontal bands of glass and steel and perched upon curving concrete pylons, with elliptical conference center, which includes a main theater, exposition hall and seminar rooms. The Center include another signature feature of
Calatrava's work;
716:
Region. The station is covered by a giant shell of steel and glass, 120 by 100 metres (390 by 330 ft), suspended at a maximum height of 40 metres (130 ft), and weighing 1,300 tonnes (1,300 long tons; 1,400 short tons). It is connected with the airport terminal by a 180 metres (590 ft)
524:
in
Barcelona, Spain, which for the first time brought him international notice. The bridge, designed for cyclists and pedestrians, connects two parts of the city by crossing a wasteland of railway tracks. It is 128 metres (420 ft) long, with twin arches which lean at an angle of thirty degrees;
487:
As soon as
Calatrava completed his doctorate in 1981, he opened his own office in Zurich. He designed an exposition hall, a factory, a library, and two bridges, but none were built, Finally in 1983, he began to receive commissions for industrial and transportation structures of increasingly greater
1442:
Much of the criticism focused on
Calatrava's WTC Hub, which was completed in 2016 for a cost of $ 4 billion, twice what was expected and seven years behind schedule. Calatrava was paid a fee of 80 million dollars. Some of the additional cost and delay was due to additions and modifications to
1408:
Some of the problems with
Calatrava's projects have been caused by unusual design choices and insufficient testing. The glass tiles on the floor of his bridge in Bilbao became slippery in the rain, causing an increased number of claims for injuries and forcing the installation of a black anti-slip
1381:
Daley wrote: "...in numerous interviews, other architects, academics and builders say that Mr. Calatrava is amassing an unusually long list of projects marred by cost overruns, delays and litigation. It is hard to find a
Calatrava project that has not been significantly over budget. And complaints
1344:
with the subway and other local transportation, and also has a large retail mall, replacing commercial space destroyed in the attack. The above-ground "oculus" of the station, made of glass and steel, is oval-shaped, and is 35 metres (115 ft) long and 29 metres (95 ft) high. According to
1288:
magazine, the journal of the
American Institute of Architects, reported: "The building is full of handsome and even some very impressive spaces, but none of the singularly breathtaking ones that have made Calatrava, despite his price tag, so attractive to clients looking for marketing splash to go
748:
in Spain, notable both for its unusual control tower, 42 metres (138 ft) high – made of concrete clad with aluminum, which widens as it grows taller, and which resembles a statue holding its hands in front of it – and for terminal buildings, where the white concrete structures are united with
1558:
in creating sculptural art, but he also noted the differences. In 1997 he wrote that "architecture and sculpture are two rivers in which the same water flows. Think of sculpture as a pure plastic art while architecture is a plastic art which is submitted to function, taking into consideration the
1549:
Calatrava, a sculptor, has also spoken frequently about the connection between sculpture and architecture in his work. "In sculpture, I have often used spheres, cubes and other simple forms often connected with my knowledge of engineering." He noted that his Turning Torso building had originally
516:
in Switzerland (1983–1990). The train station has several of the features that became signatures of his work; straight lines and right angles are rare. The railroad platforms curve, the supporting columns lean, the concrete walls of the modernistic cavern beneath the tracks are everywhere pierced
1488:
wrote: "I despised the new World Trade Center transportation hub before I even saw it. It's $ 2bn over budget, has suffered from construction problems and design compromises, it's seven years late and still incomplete, and its architect, Santiago Calatrava, has left a trail of lawsuits and angry
1348:
The WTC Hub has been controversial because of its cost (4 billion dollars, twice the original estimate, and the most expensive railway station ever built) and its delays (seven years on 3 March 2016, seven years behind schedule). More than $ 1 billion of its cost went to administrative
1417:
with an undulating movement. However the maintenance costs are so high that it has been static since months after its inauguration in 2010. The aluminum and wood covering of a winery in Spain leaked water, interfering with the winemaking and requiring extensive repairs. The ceramic tiles on the
1309:
75 metres (246 ft) over the plaza, and 45 metres (148 ft) toward the sea. and gives the impression that it is floating on the water. Calatrava wrote, "The idea is that the building feels ethereal, almost floating on the sea, like a ship, a bird or a plant." The roof is equipped with
1546:(1872–1940), whose work inspired him to seek simple forms which could create an emotional response. Calatrava defined his objective this way in 2016 in a book about his work: "My major interest is the introduction of a new formal vocabulary, composed of forms adapted to our time."
1518:
Calatrava has never described himself as a follower of any particular school or movement of architecture. Critics have claimed that a number of influences can be seen in his work. In the journal of the American Institute of Architects, Christopher Hawthorne wrote about his design for
968:
wines made by that winery. Built on a sloping site surrounded by vineyards, the 196-metre (643 ft) long building has an aluminum roof and a facade covered with laminated wood panels, alternating between convex and concave, with a roofline that ripples like a series of waves.
1223:
Calatrava constructed a series of extraordinary bridges, the type of structure which originally brought him global attention, for cities around the world that wanted a symbol of modernity and daring. Among the largest and dramatic are three bridges over the
3913:
in 1974, and further endowed by Eugene's wife, Margaret. Since its inception, the Council has bestowed the award upon 31 individuals producing creative work in the performing, visual and media arts, as well as authors, art historians and patrons of the
525:
a feature which quickly became the stylistic signature of Calatrava. The upper portion of the bridge, composed of steel arches and cables, is light and airy, like a network of lace, anchored to the massive concrete supports and granite pillars below.
1605:
in St. Petersburg held an exhibition of his work and this was followed up by an exhibition at the Vatican Museum in Rome. Eight of his sculptures were displayed along Park Avenue in New York City in the spring of 2015, between 52nd and 55th Streets.
4095:"2004 Summit Highlights Photo: Famed Spanish architect and structural engineer, Santiago Calatrava, receives the Golden Plate Award presented by Awards Council member Quincy Jones during the 43rd annual International Achievement Summit in Chicago"
1054:
is covered with a lace-like roof of glass and steel 160 metres (520 ft) long and 32 metres (105 ft) high, covering the nine tracks and five platforms. The transparent roof seems to eliminate the distinction between indoors and outdoors.
262:, sculptor and painter, particularly known for his bridges supported by single leaning pylons, and his railway stations, stadiums, and museums, whose sculptural forms often resemble living organisms. His best-known works include the
1369:
After years of praise and commendation, in 2013 some of Calatrava's projects began to draw criticism on the grounds of their cost, delays, and functional problems. Many of these criticisms were packaged together in an article by
1034:, behind a line of leaning columns, and on the other is the newest structure, the massive shell of the opera house, described by Calatrava as a "monumental sculpture", which gives the impression of being continually in motion.
1422:, buckled in the heat because concrete and ceramics expand and contract at different rates when temperatures change. Calatrava was sued for the cost of repairs on the bridge in Venice and has been condemned in court. Also the
346:. He received his diploma as an architect and then did higher studies in urbanism. At the university he completed independent projects with fellow students, publishing two books on the vernacular architecture of Valencia and
1409:
carpet on the decking, which blocked the view of the river through the walkway. The metal arches he put over some landscaped gardens sometimes overheated in the sunshine, baking the vines that were supposed to grow on them.
1128:
1112:
809:
1319:
described it as "an other-worldly edifice that looks like a cross between a solar-powered dinosaur and a giant air conditioning unit", and declared "it must already rank as one of the world's most extraordinary buildings."
1480:
editorial board also described the station when it opened in 2016 as the "world's most obscenely overpriced commuter rail station – and possibly its ugliest", comparing the Oculus to a "giant gray-white space insect".
1447:, rather than the architect. Calatrava's original entry pavilion was scaled back for security reasons and the mechanism for opening the roof to the gallery below was eliminated because of budget and space restraints.
415:
1509:
In October 2023 the Greek government decided to shut down the Athens Olympic Stadium and Velodrome, which both have a roof built by Calatrava, due to stability issues posing a threat for attendees and workers.
1501:. By the time we get to that future, whichever one it may be, the delays and the cost and the controversies will be forgotten, but we will be left with a luminous great hall in the heart of downtown New York."
5183:
1066:
4777:
777:
1289:
with their museum wing or train station. It reflects serious attention to detail and the bottom line; this is the work of an architect actively trying to prove, or at least re-emphasize, his bona fides."
2564:
681:: a decoration of colorful ceramics tiles. The square next to it is laid out like a giant sundial, on which the tower casts its shadow. In 1992, he also finished his first North American project, the
551:
1310:
moveable screens that adjust to the movements of the sun. The interior design is what Calatrava calls "archetypal" and simplified, to allow for exhibits in a greater variety of forms and sizes.
3315:
1361:, praised the soaring upward view inside the Oculus, but condemned the building's cost, "scale, monotony of materials and color, preening formalism and disregard for the gritty urban fabric."
3842:
536:, it is 200 metres (660 ft) long, crossing the Meandro San Jeronimo River. Its main feature is a single pylon 142 metres (466 ft) high, leaning to 58 degrees, the same angle as the
1523:, which he called "an example of Calatrava's architectural approach and creative sensibility distilled, for better and worse, to its essence. There are all the usual influences on view—the
1159:
1190:
5238:
2461:
in New York held a major exhibition of his work called "Structure and Expression". In 1998 he was elected to become a member of "Les Arts et Lettres", in Paris. In 2005 he received the
431:
778:
5233:
3390:
2636:
1313:
The museum also includes a number of ecological features; water from the sea is used to regulate the temperature inside the building, and to refill the surrounding reflecting pools.
779:
447:
5208:
1978:
5228:
5268:
4770:
4401:
4392:
2454:
928:
in Malmö, Sweden, and a City of Arts and Sciences in Valencia, Spain. in Sweden, and a wooden castle-like winery in Spain, all in astonishing forms and all seemingly in motion.
894:
395:
376:
2913:
1539:. Asked about critics who classified him into different schools, Calatrava responded, "Architectural critics have not yet passed from a state of perplexity about my work."
1282:
The structure has been called by some journalists a response to the criticism of the high price and technical flaws of some of Calatrava's earlier buildings. The review in
1174:
616:
540:
in Egypt. The weight of the concrete of the pylon is sufficient to hold up the bridge with just thirteen pairs of cables, eliminating the need for any cables behind it.
334:
relaxed and Spain became more open to the rest of Europe, he went to France as an exchange student. In 1968, after completing secondary school, he went to study at the
5253:
5223:
4763:
466:
4056:
3261:
760:
338:
in Paris, but he arrived in the midst of student uprisings and turmoil in Paris, and returned home. Back in Valencia, he discovered a book about the architecture of
5258:
3342:
1567:: "The sculptor only achieves the greatness of expression in concentrating his attention on harmonic contrasts of light and shadow, exactly as an architect does."
1305:
in that city. The building is sited on a 7,600 square metres (82,000 sq ft) plaza next to the harbor, and surrounded by reflecting pools. The building is
780:
566:
207:
882:
797:
1674:
4360:
1097:
749:
aluminum forms. The terminal buildings themselves lift upwards and seem to be trying to take off, giving them the airport the popular nickname of "The Dove".
2293:
866:
3523:
685:
in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The interior of the shopping mall is covered by a glass roof supported by columns like gigantic trees, a modern version of the
3188:
1082:
1031:
853:
5007:
631:
1396:
1301:
in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, which opened in December 2015, is part of the redevelopment of the waterfront of Rio de Janeiro, and opened in time for the
582:
5263:
4385:
1444:
2944:
512:, Switzerland (1983–88), and then some major projects; a new hall for the railway station in Lucerne (1983–89) and then an entire train station, the
5273:
5163:
3011:
2490:
Calatrava has received a total of twenty-two honorary degrees in recognition of his work. In 2013, Calatrava was awarded an honorary doctorate from
847:
4344:
3983:, 10 November 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2014. "...Doctorate of Philosophy by Georgia Tech, an accolade only a handful of individuals have achieved..."
3495:
1215:
a moveable sunscreen that folds and unfolds. The ceiling of the concert hall is an ascending series of arcs, which echo the curving rows of seats.
5278:
5243:
3213:
646:
2945:"Building As Icon: Santiago Calatrava's first completed bridge in the United States evokes Eero Saarinen's Gateway Arch in shape and motivation"
732:, and is located in a former industrial area. It was designed to bridge the wasteland which separated the residential area of the city from the
5153:
3888:
3676:
4241:
4222:
4184:
4165:
4146:
4027:
2322:
1743:
1693:
1197:
1181:
513:
402:
382:
279:
3997:
2297:
2180:
5198:
4378:
3976:
3236:
3160:
2894:
1144:
828:
187:
1022:
The largest group of buildings by Calatrava is found in his birthplace, Valencia, Spain, and was built in over a decade. It includes the
3089:
2228:
1952:
1043:
900:
191:
149:
781:
2350:
343:
109:
3063:
5178:
4289:
4270:
4203:
3442:
1329:
199:
4907:
3763:
3694:
3037:
2921:
2555:
2466:
2453:. In 1990, he received the "Médaille d'Argent de la Recherche et de la Technique", in Paris. In 1992 he received the prestigious
1637:
1350:
1255:
in Calgary, Canada, built between 2008 and 2012, is a completely different bridge in purpose, scale and design. Built across the
1027:
708:. This building was designed to be both a functional link between the airport and train station, the terminal for the high-speed
666:
557:
3816:
342:, which persuaded him that he could be both an artist and an architect. He enrolled in the Higher School of Architecture at the
5193:
4080:
2635:
Calatrava resides in Zurich and New York City. Two of Calatrava's sons have completed advanced degrees in engineering from the
2585:
2491:
217:
5218:
5173:
2602:
2527:
2369:
2308:
1520:
1456:
described the station in 2014 as it was being built as "a self-indulgent monstrosity" and "a hideous waste of public money".
1276:
1268:
1135:
1119:
1570:
Movement is also an important element in the architecture of Calatrava. He noted that many 20th century sculptors, such as
5248:
5213:
4053:
2624:
2107:
2076:
1890:
1822:
1644:
1594:
in New York City held a special one-man exhibition of Calatrava's drawings, sculpture, and architectural models, entitled
1284:
701:
303:
263:
171:
3789:
2675:"Santiago Calatrava Biography – life, family, children, name, story, wife, school, mother, young – Newsmakers Cumulation"
5168:
3710:
2117:
1535:, palette—and they are remarkably legible and easy to parse here." Some other critics see his work as a continuation of
729:
601:
4787:
4665:
3470:
4919:
4755:
3924:
2847:
3579:
3288:
2257:
1614:
517:
with teardrop shaped skylights, and tilting glass panels provide light and shelter without enclosing the platforms.
5188:
4871:
4835:
1797:
1591:
573:
3316:"El Auditorio de Tenerife, que costó 74 millones, en avanzado deterioro y hasta con cinta americana en su fachada"
2674:
3736:
2412:
2336:
2275:
1967:
1930:
1386:
1245:
1233:
1088:
1023:
532:(1987–1992), in Seville, Spain, was even more spectacular and cemented his reputation. Built as part of the 1992
299:
291:
4533:
2202:
1971:
1850:
235:
4641:
3129:
1434:
and lose adhesion. The fixing is delayed by disputes between the Calatrava studio and the building companies.
365:(1872–1940), which taught him that, "with an adequate combination of force and mass, you can create emotion."
4731:
4647:
2445:
Calatrava has received numerous awards for his design and engineering work. In 1988, he was awarded with the
669:
in Barcelona (1989–92), a 136 m (446 ft)-high graceful concrete spire designed for the site of the
4841:
4811:
4635:
4467:
4419:
4413:
1754:
1333:
4725:
5203:
4653:
4539:
4521:
2952:
2613:
2484:
2286:
2100:
1982:
1793:
1682:
1542:
Calatrava himself observed that he was particularly influenced by the work of engineers such as the Swiss
1252:
1103:
682:
493:
358:
287:
239:
4449:
3554:
2537:
2239:
2206:
2176:
2096:
1678:
1401:
1237:
1225:
978:
921:
815:
537:
283:
175:
4879:
4829:
1722:
4707:
4352:
2213:
5158:
5066:
4955:
4937:
4425:
3674:
The Metropolitan Museum of Art – Special Exhibitions: Santiago Calatrava: Sculpture Into Architecture
2458:
2402:, UAE (ground broken, scheduled for completion in 2025; in competition for world's tallest structure)
2150:
2139:
2035:
1941:
1923:
1618:
1354:
1337:
1302:
941:
917:
788:
767:
670:
662:
588:
335:
267:
4611:
4109:
2392:
Sharq Crossing, Doha, Qatar: project for three bridges and two tunnels (postponed until after 2022)
2382:
Peninsula Place, Greenwich, London (1 billion dollar project for three towers and a footbridge)
1700:
5106:
4743:
4701:
4629:
4569:
4545:
4334:
3892:
3673:
3447:
2640:
2250:
2128:
2121:
2065:
1901:
1468:
1410:
961:
533:
529:
475:
472:
259:
138:
5128:
4913:
4719:
4659:
4023:
3993:
3909:
and long-time friend and benefactor to MIT, the award was created by the Council for the Arts at
3165:
2315:
2154:
2085:
2050:
1765:
1704:
1462:
1341:
1298:
1165:
1150:
1010:
937:
521:
438:
422:
195:
4989:
4925:
4895:
4671:
4473:
4324:
4737:
62:
5116:
5078:
4967:
4949:
4503:
4443:
4285:
4266:
4237:
4218:
4199:
4180:
4161:
4142:
3906:
2606:
2395:
1457:
1414:
1272:
203:
3951:
3364:
3343:"Can You Guess How Much NYC Paid The Architect of the Most Expensive Train Station On Earth?"
4979:
4973:
4931:
4883:
4865:
4847:
4695:
4599:
4587:
4557:
4509:
4455:
4437:
4258:
3262:"El obelisco de Calatrava seguirá siendo estático por la política de "contención del gasto""
2473:
2261:
1883:
1879:
1602:
1587:
1582:
Calatrava is also a sculptor and painter. Some of his architectural works, most notably the
1571:
838:
457:
453:
331:
230:
4072:
3867:
5096:
5084:
4875:
4823:
4491:
4485:
4060:
3698:
3680:
3500:
3416:
2416:
2007:
1960:
1916:
1868:
1857:
1543:
873:
857:
725:
607:
362:
327:
179:
5072:
4365:
3691:
696:
Gare de Lyon Saint-Exupéry (1989–1994) and the Eastern Train Station in Lisbon (1992–98)
17:
5112:
5031:
4887:
4859:
4689:
4617:
4563:
4461:
2462:
2450:
2132:
2079:
2024:
1905:
1808:
1708:
982:
819:
745:
652:
637:
622:
497:
221:
4034:"Santiago Calatrava recibe Honoris Causa del Instituto Politécnico Nacional de México"
1689:
1633:
1378:
on 13 September 2013, entitled "Santiago Calatrava collects critics as well as fans."
5147:
5100:
5019:
5013:
4901:
4891:
4817:
4677:
4515:
4497:
3977:"Architect John Portman honored with Council for Quality Growth's Four Pillars Award"
2533:
2523:
2429:
2376:
2301:
2191:
2184:
2165:
2054:
1663:
1648:
1583:
1560:
1536:
1528:
1524:
1452:
1419:
1371:
1241:
994:
949:
945:
925:
834:
678:
674:
271:
183:
167:
3764:"The canvas and creativity drive renowned architect Santiago Calatrava's structures"
3524:"Closing of Iconic Athens Olympic Stadium Raises Concerns Over Structural Stability"
5122:
5025:
4853:
4623:
4593:
4581:
2617:
2243:
2089:
2058:
1956:
1912:
1772:
1659:
1555:
1491:
1315:
965:
686:
339:
33:
1425:
326:
Calatrava was born on 28 July 1951, in Benimàmet, an old municipality now part of
2590:
2016 Honorary Doctoral Degree from Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN) in México
5090:
5037:
4983:
4961:
4713:
4605:
4527:
4431:
3214:"Santiago Calatrava wins legal battle against 'insulting and degrading' website"
2643:
in New York City. His other son obtained a law degree from Columbia University.
2446:
2158:
1551:
733:
2718:
5001:
4683:
4370:
4033:
4002:
3793:
3289:"Multan al arquitecto español Calatrava por el fiasco de su puente en Venecia"
2000:
1993:
1815:
1473:
1306:
713:
689:
665:. In 1992, he completed one of his most picturesque and sculptural works, the
505:
354:
113:
4319:
3090:"Museum of Tomorrow: a captivating invitation to imagine a sustainable world"
2895:"No, Really. Not Joking. Huge Arches on McDermott Bridge Are Fake. Go Figure"
1550:
been conceived as a work of sculpture, and he praised the liberties taken by
4995:
4551:
3130:"Why The World Trade Center Transportation Hub Is Going To Cost $ 4 Billion"
2195:
2043:
2039:
1894:
1667:
1626:
1622:
1497:
1256:
718:
255:
3542:
Architect- the Journal of the Institute of American Institute of Architects
2143:
1747:
406:
386:
315:
3928:
3496:"New York's Oculus transit hub soars, but it's a phoenix with a price tag"
700:
Two years later, in 1994, he completed another notable train station, the
4479:
2232:
2217:
2169:
1986:
1840:
1786:
1729:
1652:
1431:
1390:
1047:
998:
904:
307:
275:
225:
89:
4339:
3790:"Sculpture by Santiago Calatrava to be unveiled at SMU's Meadows Museum"
4094:
4003:"YouTube – Dr. Santiago Calatrava Receives Honorary Degree and Remarks"
3064:"Calatrava's "Museum of Tomorrow" to Showcase a Greener Future for Rio"
2433:
2329:
1872:
1801:
1758:
1472:
magazine referred to it in 2015 as it neared completion as a "Glorious
1051:
908:
705:
501:
479:
37:
3189:"Santiago Calatrava's Transit Hub Is a Soaring Symbol of a Boondoggle"
2279:
2268:
2072:
2028:
2017:
1934:
1861:
1833:
1736:
1229:
1211:
1134:
Interior of the Innovation, Science and Technology (IST) building at
1073:
509:
295:
3792:. Southern Methodist University News. 7 October 2002. Archived from
2548:
2004 Honorary Degree from Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
3580:"Architectural Record – News, Continuing Ed, Products, Green Bldg"
2399:
2343:
2221:
1945:
1779:
1699:
1688:
1673:
1658:
1643:
1632:
1613:
1395:
1219:
Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge (2007–2012) and Peace Bridge (2008–2012)
592:
347:
3692:
Images from the March 2006 Metropolitan Museum of Art exhibition.
3038:"Santiago Calatrava's Museum of Tomorrow Opens in Rio de Janeiro"
2494:, an award that has only been given to a small number of people.
1559:
human scale." Calatrava also noted the influence of the sculptor
1450:
Even before it opened the station was a target of criticism: the
1340:
in 2001. The new station connects the regional trains of the new
1210:
The conference center and exposition hall in the Spanish city of
1018:
City of Arts and Sciences and Opera House in Valencia (1991–2006)
3012:"Florida Polytechnic University, Designed by Santiago Calatrava"
1826:
1532:
311:
5054:
4799:
4759:
4374:
2657:
2655:
1418:
surface of the opera house in Valencia, placed as a tribute to
4073:"Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement"
3910:
3843:"New Dubai skyscraper to surpass the world's tallest building"
2601:
2011: On 10 December, Calatrava was appointed a member of the
2560:
2005 Honorary Degree from Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
2477:
1118:
The Innovation, Science, and Technology (IST) Building of the
709:
2504:
1993 Honorary Degree from Universidad Politecnica de Valencia
4340:
Extended profile of the architect in the NYRB, December 2006
2149:
2005, The bridge connecting the Avnat shopping mall and the
4307:
2806:
2804:
2545:
1999 Honorary Degree from Universita degli Studi di Ferrara
916:
Following 2000, Calatrava completed a new addition to the
5184:
Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
3711:"'Santiago Calatrava: The Quest for Movement' Exhibition"
3471:"$ 4 Billion Buys the World's Ugliest Commuter Rail Stop"
2920:. Dallas, Texas: D Magazine Partners, Inc. Archived from
2519:
1997 Honorary Degree from Milwaukee School of Engineering
3112:
3110:
1846:
1989–96, Bohl Bus and Tram stop, St. Gallen, Switzerland
4054:
NOMINA DI MEMBRI DEL PONTIFICIO CONSIGLIO DELLA CULTURA
3817:"Santiago Calatrava to Design His First London Complex"
2767:
2765:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2637:
Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science
2620:
during the International Achievement Summit in Chicago.
2612:
2004: Calatrava received the Golden Plate Award of the
2551:
2005 Honorary Degree from Southern Methodist University
1466:, referred to the structure as "a kitsch stegosaurus".
425:
in Barcelona, Spain (1984–87): Calatrava's first bridge
310:. His architectural firm has offices in New York City,
2701:
2699:
2697:
2695:
1979:
Centro Internacional de Ferias y Congresos de Tenerife
3237:"Santiago Calatrava Collects Critics as Well as Fans"
2575:
2009 Honorary Degree from University Camilo Jose Cela
2455:
Gold Medal of the Institution of Structural Engineers
744:
One of his last projects in the 20th century was the
2914:"Is Our Calatrava Bridge a Copy of Reggio Emilia's?"
2721:. Southern Methodist University News. 7 October 2002
2127:
2004, Three bridges (called Harp, Cittern and Lute)
1590:, were originally works of sculpture. In 2006, the
1357:. Michael Kimmelman, the architecture critic of the
964:, Spain (1998–2001) was designed as a symbol of the
803:
Bodegas Ysios winery in Laguardia, Spain (1998–2001)
728:, or eastern train station, was constructed for the
5002:
Sistema de Orquesta Juvenil e Infantil de Venezuela
3365:"Approval Expected Today for Trade Center Rail Hub"
2516:
1996 Honorary Degree from University of Strathclyde
213:
163:
155:
145:
134:
119:
105:
97:
72:
53:
3905:Established to honor Eugene McDermott, founder of
3469:New York Post Editorial Board (23 February 2016).
2099:, the architect's first performing arts facility,
1277:Innovation, Science, and Technology (IST) building
753:Museums, concert halls and skyscrapers (2000–2010)
500:, Germany, an addition to the main post office in
1400:Missing and ill-fitting tiles on the wall of the
4194:Prina, Francesca; Demaratini, Demartini (2006).
3737:"Santiago Calatrava: The Metamorphosis of Space"
2507:1994 Honorary Degree from Heriot-Watt University
508:, Switzerland (1983–85) the roof of a school in
5239:Grand Officers of the Order of Merit (Portugal)
2513:1995 Honorary Degree from University of Salford
2510:1994 Honorary Degree from University of Seville
1596:Santiago Calatrava: Sculpture Into Architecture
1484:The Hub also had its defenders. Jimmy Stamp of
44: and the second or maternal family name is
5234:Officiers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
3611:
3391:"Design of Ground Zero Transit Hub Is Trimmed"
2661:
1349:expenses and the decision to build around the
1293:Museum of Tomorrow, Rio de Janeiro (2010–2015)
208:St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church (Manhattan)
5209:Members of the Pontifical Council for Culture
4771:
4386:
4175:Taschen, Aurelia; Taschen, Balthazar (2016).
3161:"A Star Architect Leaves Some Clients Fuming"
2578:2010 Honorary Degree from Universite de Liège
2569:2008 Honorary Degree from Tel Aviv University
1443:the original plan by the project owners, the
1423:
8:
5269:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts
3154:
3152:
3150:
4335:Great Buildings On-Line: Santiago Calatrava
4263:Santiago Calatrava: The Poetics of Movement
2572:2009 Honorary Degree from Oxford University
2415:(Taoyuan International Conference Center),
2267:2011, Palacio de Exposiciones y Congresos,
2142:, "Bibliothekseinbau" library remodelling,
1849:1991–95, Alameda Bridge and Metro Station,
520:In 1984–87, he built his first bridge, the
5051:
4796:
4778:
4764:
4756:
4393:
4379:
4371:
3010:Hawthorne, Christopher (13 October 2014).
1263:Florida Polytechnic University (2009–2014)
369:First projects and international attention
61:
50:
3952:"Santiago Calatrava: Blurring Boundaries"
3925:"Senior Fellows – Design Futures Council"
2581:2012 Honorary Degree from Pratt Institute
2542:1999 Honorary Degree from Lund University
2113:2004, Katehaki Footbridge, Athens, Greece
1445:Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
1005:Athens Olympic Sports Complex (2001–2004)
4215:Les styles en architecture- guide visuel
3036:Rosenfield, Karissa (17 December 2015).
1563:, citing Rodin's words in his 1914 book
1244:, Italy. Work on the second bridge, the
5254:Architects from the Valencian Community
5224:Technical University of Valencia alumni
5056:Princess of Asturias Award for the Arts
3661:
3649:
3599:
3116:
2997:
2985:
2973:
2880:
2868:
2834:
2822:
2810:
2795:
2783:
2771:
2756:
2744:
2705:
2651:
2205:footbridge from Piazzale Roma over the
1062:
1038:Liège-Guillemins railway station (2009)
756:
547:
372:
5259:Engineers from the Valencian Community
5229:Members of the Académie d'architecture
4325:Map of Santiago Calatrava Architecture
4282:Santiago Calatrava: The Complete Works
4179:(in French). Bibliotheca Universalis.
3415:Kimmelman, Michael (2 December 2014).
2563:2007 Honorary Engineering Degree from
2554:2006 Honorary Engineering Degree from
1771:1984–88, Barenmatte Community Center,
298:, Texas, and his largest project, the
4801:Prince of Asturias Award for the Arts
4366:CNN interview with Santiago Calatrava
4356:, 17 January 2006, "The Gaudí Effect"
4196:Petite encyclopédie de l'architecture
3927:. Design Intelligence. Archived from
2476:Award by the Council for the Arts of
2323:World Trade Center Transportation Hub
1694:World Trade Center Transportation Hub
1640:, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain (1992)
1385:Much of the criticism focused on the
1198:World Trade Center Transportation Hub
1182:World Trade Center Transportation Hub
924:in Tenerife in the Canary Islands, a
888:Palace of the Arts in Valencia (2006)
355:Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
280:World Trade Center Transportation Hub
114:Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
7:
4788:Prince or Princess of Asturias Award
4234:Architecture contemporaine- le guide
3235:Daley, Suzanne (25 September 2013).
3159:Daley, Suzanne (13 September 2013).
3088:Watts, Jonathan (17 December 2015).
2013:1999, New York Times Capsule, U.S.A.
1814:1989–98, Emergency Services Centre,
1232:, Texas. The first of these was the
1206:Oviedo Conference Center (2000–2011)
496:, Switzerland, another warehouse in
3187:Kimmelman, Michael (2 March 2016).
2625:James Parks Morton Interfaith Award
2616:presented by Awards Council member
2584:2013 Honorary Doctoral Degree from
2472:In 2005, Calatrava was awarded the
770:in Milwaukee, Wisconsin (1994–2001)
704:(1989–1994) at the Lyon airport in
150:Institution of Structural Engineers
4108:Davidson, Justin (28 April 2013).
3062:Murdock, James (10 October 2010).
2605:for a five-year renewable term by
2483:He is also a Senior Fellow of the
2351:St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Church
1324:WTC Hub, New York City (2003–2016)
514:Zürich Stadelhofen railway station
403:Zürich Stadelhofen railway station
383:Zürich Stadelhofen railway station
344:Polytechnic University of Valencia
110:Polytechnic University of Valencia
25:
4361:Pictures and profile at Specifier
4348:, 31 October 2005, "The Sculptor"
4110:"Santiago Calatrava's Three Sons"
3815:Nayeri, Farah (2 February 2017).
3627:, Skira, Kutsmuseum, Berne (1997)
3363:Dunlap, David W. (28 July 2005).
3268:. Europa Press. 22 September 2014
2342:2021, UAE Pavilion at EXPO 2020,
1430:tiles of the Tenerife Auditorium
973:Auditorio de Tenerife (1991–2003)
872:The City of Arts and Sciences in
200:World Trade Center station (PATH)
188:Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències
5264:Recipients of the AIA Gold Medal
3889:"SOM Foundation Fellows Archive"
3389:Dunlap, David W. (2 July 2008).
3341:Walker, Alissa (20 April 2016).
3314:Morales, Álvaro (18 June 2024).
3287:LaInformacion (14 August 2019).
2848:"Athens Olympics Sports Complex"
2556:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
2467:American Institute of Architects
2449:International Fellowship by the
2298:Milan–Bologna high-speed railway
2229:Liège-Guillemins railway station
2181:Milan–Bologna high-speed railway
1807:1987–96, Buchen Housing Estate,
1721:1983–84, Jakem Steel Warehouse,
1332:in New York City at the rebuilt
1189:
1173:
1168:in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2015)
1158:
1143:
1127:
1111:
1096:
1081:
1065:
1044:Liège-Guillemins railway station
956:Bodegas Ysios winery (1998–2001)
932:Milwaukee Art Museum (1994–2001)
901:Liège-Guillemins railway station
893:
881:
865:
846:
827:
808:
796:
775:
759:
645:
630:
615:
600:
581:
565:
550:
504:, Switzerland; a bus shelter in
488:size; he designed and built the
465:
446:
430:
414:
394:
375:
264:Olympic Sports Complex of Athens
192:Liège-Guillemins railway station
5274:20th-century Spanish architects
5164:21st-century Spanish architects
4320:Calatrava's projects on the map
4177:L'Architecture Moderne de A à Z
4081:American Academy of Achievement
4032:AGENCIA EFE (10 October 2016).
3216:. De Zeen Magazine. 21 May 2014
2951:. Dallas, Texas. Archived from
2943:Rago, Danielle (7 March 2012).
2719:"Biography: Santiago Calatrava"
2614:American Academy of Achievement
2586:Georgia Institute of Technology
2492:Georgia Institute of Technology
1832:1989–91, La Devesa Footbridge,
1153:, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (2015)
218:European Prize for Architecture
162:
5279:21st-century Spanish engineers
5244:20th-century Spanish engineers
4908:Francisco Javier Sáenz de Oiza
3762:Chaban, Matt (21 March 2014).
3441:Rice, Andrew (12 March 2015).
3417:"Michael Kimmelman on Twitter"
2603:Pontifical Council for Culture
2528:Delft University of Technology
2370:University of Rome Tor Vergata
2309:Florida Polytechnic University
2258:Palacio de Congresos de Oviedo
1823:Lyon-Saint-Exupéry TGV Station
1785:1986–88, 9 De Octubre Bridge,
1778:1986–87, Tabourettli Theater,
1521:Florida Polytechnic University
1269:Florida Polytechnic University
1196:Interior of the Oculus of the
1136:Florida Polytechnic University
1120:Florida Polytechnic University
655:Passenger Terminal (1990–2000)
640:Passenger Terminal (1990–2000)
27:Spanish engineer and architect
1:
5154:Santiago Calatrava structures
2198:, a light rail bridge, Israel
2108:Athens Olympic Sports Complex
2077:Southern Methodist University
1992:1996–2000, Pont de l'Europe,
1963:, Greater Manchester, England
1891:Montjuic Communications Tower
1735:1983–88, Wohlen High School,
1728:1983–85, Ernsting Warehouse,
1666:for pedestrians and train in
1638:Montjuïc Communications Tower
1505:Athens Olympic Sports Complex
1059:Recent major projects (2011–)
667:Montjuïc Communications Tower
558:Montjuïc Communications Tower
441:in Barcelona, Spain (1984–87)
172:Athens Olympic Sports Complex
3950:Treadaway, Dan (Fall 2013).
3841:Kim, Soo (12 October 2016).
2912:Rogers, Tim (22 June 2011).
2118:Sundial Bridge at Turtle Bay
960:The Bodegas Ysios winery in
730:1998 Lisbon World Exposition
712:trains, and a symbol of the
595:(Alicante), Spain (1992–95)
353:In 1975, he enrolled in the
36:, the first or paternal
5199:IStructE Gold Medal winners
3868:"Santiago Calatrava Awards"
3640:, Armand Colin, Paris, 1914
2413:Yuan Ze University Building
2358:Under construction/proposed
2175:2007, Three bridges on the
2016:1999, Puente del Hospital,
1999:1997, Pfalzkeller Gallery,
1744:Stadelhofen Railway Station
5295:
4280:Tzonis, Alexander (2004).
3623:cited in Gonzales, Julio,
3612:Taschen & Taschen 2016
2662:Taschen & Taschen 2016
2328:2018, Crati River Bridge,
2289:, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
1592:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1460:, architecture critic for
740:Bilbao Airport (1990–2000)
702:Gare de Lyon Saint-Exupéry
625:control tower (1990–2000)
574:Brookfield Place (Toronto)
31:
5061:
5050:
4806:
4795:
4409:
4236:(in French). Flammarion.
4097:. Academy of Achievement.
3443:"The Glorious Boondoggle"
2436:, Illinois, United States
2337:Margaret McDermott Bridge
2276:Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge
1968:City of Arts and Sciences
1931:Campo Volantin Footbridge
1387:City of Arts and Sciences
1365:Controversy and criticism
1246:Margaret McDermott Bridge
1234:Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge
1106:in Calgary, Canada (2012)
1089:Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge
1046:for high-speed trains in
1024:City of Arts and Sciences
989:Turning Torso (1999–2004)
610:, Lisbon, Portugal (1998)
300:City of Arts and Sciences
292:Margaret Hunt Hill Bridge
254:(born 28 July 1951) is a
245:
127:
60:
5179:Spanish bridge engineers
4232:De Bure, Gilles (2015).
4137:Jodidio, Philip (2016).
3697:10 December 2005 at the
3679:29 December 2005 at the
3638:Les Cathedrals de France
2318:, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
2203:Ponte della Costituzione
1839:1989–95, Puerto Bridge,
1267:The project for the new
1072:Palace of Congresses in
576:, Ontario, Canada (1992)
409:. Switzerland (1983–90)
252:Santiago Calatrava Valls
236:Prince of Asturias Award
55:Santiago Calatrava Valls
18:Santiago Calatrava Valls
4872:Victoria de los Ángeles
4160:(in French). Larousse.
4059:7 November 2012 at the
3540:Christopher Hawthorne,
2375:New railway station in
2311:, Lakeland, Florida, US
1755:Lucerne railway station
1411:The Caja Madrid Obelisk
1328:Calatrava designed the
1184:in New York City (2016)
1091:in Dallas, Texas (2012)
389:. Switzerland (1983–90)
5194:High-tech architecture
4540:Alan Garnett Davenport
4468:Knud Winstrup Johansen
4213:Hopkins, Owen (2014).
4158:L'Architecture Moderne
4141:(in French). Taschen.
3625:Dessiner dans l'espace
2679:notablebiographies.com
2485:Design Futures Council
2131:the main canal of the
2101:Santa Cruz de Tenerife
2023:2000, New terminal at
1989:, Canary island, Spain
1983:Santa Cruz de Tenerife
1794:Allen Lambert Galleria
1712:
1697:
1696:, New York City (2016)
1686:
1683:Santa Cruz de Tenerife
1671:
1656:
1641:
1630:
1527:forms rendered in the
1424:
1405:
1330:WTC Transportation Hub
683:Allen Lambert Galleria
288:Santa Cruz de Tenerife
282:in New York City, the
5219:Artists from Valencia
5174:Skyscraper architects
4920:Fernando Fernán Gómez
3555:"Calatrava, Santiago"
2538:University of Cassino
2339:, Dallas, Texas, U.S.
2240:Samuel Beckett Bridge
2097:Auditorio de Tenerife
2064:2001, Bodegas Ysios,
1893:at the Olympic Ring,
1703:
1692:
1679:Auditorio de Tenerife
1677:
1662:
1647:
1636:
1617:
1402:Auditorio de Tenerife
1399:
979:Auditorio de Tenerife
816:Auditorio de Tenerife
560:, Barcelona (1989–92)
544:Projects of the 1990s
538:Great Pyramid of Giza
528:His next bridge, the
284:Auditorio de Tenerife
176:Auditorio de Tenerife
141:, Architect, sculptor
5249:Structural engineers
5214:Organic architecture
5067:Francis Ford Coppola
4956:Krzysztof Penderecki
4842:Luis García Berlanga
4836:Antonio López García
4217:(in French). Dunod.
4198:(in French). Solar.
4043:– via YouTube.
4012:– via YouTube.
3068:Architectural Record
2459:Museum of Modern Art
2294:Medio Padana Station
2151:Rabin Medical Center
2140:University of Zurich
2036:Milwaukee Art Museum
1942:Llonja de Sant Jordi
1904:, Kuwaiti Pavilion,
1619:Milwaukee Art Museum
1565:Cathedrals of France
1514:Style and influences
1355:New York City Subway
1338:September 11 attacks
1303:2016 Summer Olympics
1026:(1991–2000) and the
942:Milwaukee Art Museum
918:Milwaukee Art Museum
789:Milwaukee Art Museum
768:Milwaukee Art Museum
663:Milwaukee Art Museum
589:Llonja de Sant Jordi
336:Ecole des Beaux Arts
268:Milwaukee Art Museum
240:Auguste Perret Prize
5169:Futurist architects
4630:Leslie E. Robertson
4570:Olgierd Zienkiewicz
4402:IStructE Gold Medal
4156:Bony, Anne (2012).
4077:www.achievement.org
2641:Columbia University
2565:Columbia University
2251:Caja Madrid Obelisk
2194:at the entrance to
1913:Mimico Creek Bridge
1336:at the site of the
1076:, Spain (2000–2011)
981:, Tenerife, in the
926:twisting skyscraper
530:Puente del Alamillo
494:Münchwilen, Thurgau
473:Puente del Alamillo
306:in his birthplace,
260:structural engineer
139:Structural engineer
5129:Joan Manuel Serrat
4944:Santiago Calatrava
4914:Alicia de Larrocha
4880:Montserrat Caballé
4830:Orfeón Donostiarra
4660:David A. Nethercot
4576:Santiago Calatrava
4450:John Guthrie Brown
3931:on 6 November 2007
3821:The New York Times
3528:greekcitytimes.com
3395:The New York Times
3369:The New York Times
3266:www.europapress.es
3241:The New York Times
3193:The New York Times
3166:The New York Times
2526:Degree awarded by
2387:In the Middle East
2216:, monument on the
2106:2004, redesign of
2086:James Joyce Bridge
2051:Puente de la Mujer
2010:, Lisbon, Portugal
1959:in Manchester and
1955:, footbridge over
1919:, Toronto, Ontario
1804:, Ontario, Canada,
1768:, Barcelona, Spain
1766:Bac de Roda Bridge
1713:
1705:Museum of Tomorrow
1698:
1687:
1672:
1657:
1642:
1631:
1463:The New York Times
1406:
1334:World Trade Center
1299:Museum of Tomorrow
1166:Museum of Tomorrow
1151:Museum of Tomorrow
1011:2004 Olympic Games
938:Quadracci Pavilion
522:Bac de Roda Bridge
439:Bac de Roda Bridge
423:Bac de Roda Bridge
196:Museum of Tomorrow
159:Santiago Calatrava
129:Engineering career
5189:ETH Zurich alumni
5141:
5140:
5137:
5136:
5079:William Kentridge
5046:
5045:
4950:Barbara Hendricks
4938:Sebastião Salgado
4812:Jesús López Cobos
4786:Laureates of the
4753:
4752:
4726:James O'Callaghan
4504:Nathan M. Newmark
4444:William Glanville
4426:Eugène Freyssinet
4259:Tzonis, Alexander
4243:978-2-08-134385-6
4224:978-2-10-070689-1
4186:978-3-8365-5630-9
4167:978-2-03-587641-6
4148:978-3-8365-3564-9
3907:Texas Instruments
3743:. 5 December 2013
3544:, 13 October 2014
2924:on 2 January 2017
2883:, pp. 70–71.
2813:, pp. 63–65.
2607:Pope Benedict XVI
2396:Dubai Creek Tower
2246:, Dublin, Ireland
2092:, Dublin, Ireland
1948:(Alicante), Spain
1926:, Berlin, Germany
1924:Kronprinzenbrücke
1753:1983–89, Hall of
1458:Michael Kimmelman
1415:kinetic sculpture
1273:Lakeland, Florida
1248:, began in 2011.
782:
692:market in Paris.
661:structure of the
492:, a warehouse in
249:
248:
204:Dubai Creek Tower
67:Calatrava in 2010
16:(Redirected from
5286:
5107:Marina Abramović
5052:
4980:Maya Plisetskaya
4932:Vittorio Gassman
4848:Eduardo Chillida
4797:
4780:
4773:
4766:
4757:
4708:Robert Halvorson
4696:Tristram Carfrae
4666:William F. Baker
4600:Michael Burdekin
4588:Michel Virlogeux
4510:Riccardo Morandi
4456:Pier Luigi Nervi
4395:
4388:
4381:
4372:
4311:
4310:
4308:Official website
4295:
4276:
4247:
4228:
4209:
4190:
4171:
4152:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4120:
4105:
4099:
4098:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4069:
4063:
4051:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4020:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4009:
3990:
3984:
3973:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3936:
3921:
3915:
3903:
3897:
3896:
3895:on 16 July 2011.
3891:. Archived from
3885:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3874:
3864:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3853:
3838:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3812:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3786:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3775:
3759:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3748:
3733:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3707:
3701:
3689:
3683:
3671:
3665:
3659:
3653:
3647:
3641:
3636:Rodin, Auguste,
3634:
3628:
3621:
3615:
3609:
3603:
3597:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3586:
3576:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3551:
3545:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3492:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3481:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3455:
3438:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3427:
3412:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3338:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3232:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3173:
3156:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3134:Business Insider
3126:
3120:
3114:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3059:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3007:
3001:
2995:
2989:
2983:
2977:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2890:
2884:
2878:
2872:
2871:, p. 47-51.
2866:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2844:
2838:
2837:, p. 67-69.
2832:
2826:
2820:
2814:
2808:
2799:
2793:
2787:
2781:
2775:
2769:
2760:
2754:
2748:
2742:
2731:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2715:
2709:
2703:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2671:
2665:
2659:
2498:Honorary degrees
2474:Eugene McDermott
2262:Oviedo, Asturias
2214:Technion Obelisk
2124:, California, US
2110:, Athens, Greece
1880:Lusitania Bridge
1798:Brookfield Place
1603:Hermitage Museum
1572:Alexander Calder
1429:
1193:
1177:
1162:
1147:
1131:
1115:
1100:
1085:
1069:
948:in 1957 next to
897:
885:
869:
850:
831:
812:
800:
784:
783:
763:
649:
634:
619:
604:
585:
569:
554:
469:
454:Lusitania Bridge
450:
434:
418:
401:Interior of the
398:
379:
332:Francisco Franco
231:Eugene McDermott
86:
82:
80:
65:
51:
21:
5294:
5293:
5289:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5284:
5283:
5144:
5143:
5142:
5133:
5097:Ennio Morricone
5085:Martin Scorsese
5057:
5042:
4990:Pedro Almodóvar
4926:Joaquín Rodrigo
4896:Plácido Domingo
4876:Teresa Berganza
4824:Eusebio Sempere
4802:
4791:
4784:
4754:
4749:
4492:Fritz Leonhardt
4486:Charles Husband
4405:
4399:
4306:
4305:
4302:
4292:
4279:
4273:
4257:
4254:
4252:Further reading
4244:
4231:
4225:
4212:
4206:
4193:
4187:
4174:
4168:
4155:
4149:
4136:
4133:
4128:
4118:
4116:
4107:
4106:
4102:
4093:
4092:
4088:
4071:
4070:
4066:
4061:Wayback Machine
4052:
4048:
4038:
4036:
4031:
4028:Wayback Machine
4021:
4017:
4007:
4005:
4001:
3998:Wayback Machine
3991:
3987:
3974:
3970:
3960:
3958:
3949:
3948:
3944:
3934:
3932:
3923:
3922:
3918:
3904:
3900:
3887:
3886:
3882:
3872:
3870:
3866:
3865:
3861:
3851:
3849:
3840:
3839:
3835:
3825:
3823:
3814:
3813:
3809:
3799:
3797:
3788:
3787:
3783:
3773:
3771:
3761:
3760:
3756:
3746:
3744:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3720:
3718:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3699:Wayback Machine
3690:
3686:
3681:Wayback Machine
3672:
3668:
3660:
3656:
3648:
3644:
3635:
3631:
3622:
3618:
3610:
3606:
3598:
3594:
3584:
3582:
3578:
3577:
3573:
3563:
3561:
3553:
3552:
3548:
3539:
3535:
3522:
3521:
3517:
3507:
3505:
3501:TheGuardian.com
3494:
3493:
3489:
3479:
3477:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3453:
3451:
3440:
3439:
3435:
3425:
3423:
3414:
3413:
3409:
3399:
3397:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3373:
3371:
3362:
3361:
3357:
3347:
3345:
3340:
3339:
3335:
3325:
3323:
3313:
3312:
3308:
3298:
3296:
3286:
3285:
3281:
3271:
3269:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3245:
3243:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3219:
3217:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3197:
3195:
3186:
3185:
3181:
3171:
3169:
3158:
3157:
3148:
3138:
3136:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3115:
3108:
3098:
3096:
3087:
3086:
3082:
3072:
3070:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3046:
3044:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3020:
3018:
3009:
3008:
3004:
2996:
2992:
2984:
2980:
2972:
2968:
2958:
2956:
2955:on 7 April 2013
2942:
2941:
2937:
2927:
2925:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2899:Dallas Observer
2892:
2891:
2887:
2879:
2875:
2867:
2863:
2853:
2851:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2833:
2829:
2821:
2817:
2809:
2802:
2794:
2790:
2782:
2778:
2770:
2763:
2755:
2751:
2743:
2734:
2724:
2722:
2717:
2716:
2712:
2704:
2693:
2683:
2681:
2673:
2672:
2668:
2660:
2653:
2649:
2633:
2598:
2593:
2500:
2457:. In 1993, the
2443:
2426:
2417:Taoyuan, Taiwan
2368:City of Sport,
2360:
2353:, New York City
2325:, New York City
2316:Museu do Amanhã
2253:, Madrid, Spain
2209:, Venice, Italy
2075:, Texas at the
2071:2002, Wave, in
2008:Gare do Oriente
1917:Humber Bay Park
1869:Alamillo Bridge
1858:Oberbaum Bridge
1718:
1711:, Brazil (2015)
1655:, Sweden (2005)
1612:
1580:
1544:Robert Maillart
1516:
1507:
1440:
1367:
1326:
1295:
1265:
1221:
1208:
1201:
1194:
1185:
1178:
1169:
1163:
1154:
1148:
1139:
1132:
1123:
1116:
1107:
1101:
1092:
1086:
1077:
1070:
1061:
1040:
1020:
1007:
991:
975:
958:
934:
912:
898:
889:
886:
877:
874:Valencia, Spain
870:
861:
858:Valencia, Spain
851:
842:
832:
823:
813:
804:
801:
792:
785:
776:
771:
764:
755:
742:
726:Gare do Oriente
698:
656:
650:
641:
635:
626:
620:
611:
608:Gare do Oriente
605:
596:
586:
577:
570:
561:
555:
546:
483:
470:
461:
451:
442:
435:
426:
419:
410:
399:
390:
380:
371:
363:Robert Maillart
328:Valencia, Spain
324:
238:
234:
229:
224:
220:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
180:Alamillo bridge
178:
174:
170:
112:
93:
87:
84:
78:
76:
68:
56:
49:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5292:
5290:
5282:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5146:
5145:
5139:
5138:
5135:
5134:
5132:
5131:
5125:
5119:
5113:Carmen Linares
5109:
5103:
5093:
5087:
5081:
5075:
5069:
5062:
5059:
5058:
5055:
5048:
5047:
5044:
5043:
5041:
5040:
5034:
5032:Michael Haneke
5028:
5022:
5016:
5010:
5004:
4998:
4992:
4986:
4976:
4970:
4968:Miquel Barceló
4964:
4958:
4952:
4946:
4940:
4934:
4928:
4922:
4916:
4910:
4904:
4898:
4888:Pilar Lorengar
4868:
4862:
4860:Oscar Niemeyer
4856:
4850:
4844:
4838:
4832:
4826:
4820:
4814:
4807:
4804:
4803:
4800:
4793:
4792:
4785:
4783:
4782:
4775:
4768:
4760:
4751:
4750:
4748:
4747:
4741:
4735:
4729:
4723:
4717:
4711:
4705:
4699:
4693:
4690:Man-Chung Tang
4687:
4681:
4675:
4669:
4663:
4657:
4651:
4645:
4639:
4633:
4627:
4621:
4618:Cheng Hon-kwan
4615:
4612:Duncan Michael
4609:
4603:
4597:
4591:
4585:
4579:
4573:
4567:
4564:Edmund Happold
4561:
4555:
4549:
4543:
4537:
4531:
4525:
4519:
4513:
4507:
4501:
4495:
4489:
4483:
4477:
4471:
4465:
4462:Alfred Pugsley
4459:
4453:
4447:
4441:
4435:
4429:
4423:
4417:
4410:
4407:
4406:
4400:
4398:
4397:
4390:
4383:
4375:
4369:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4350:
4346:The New Yorker
4342:
4337:
4328:
4327:
4322:
4313:
4312:
4301:
4300:External links
4298:
4297:
4296:
4290:
4277:
4271:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4248:
4242:
4229:
4223:
4210:
4204:
4191:
4185:
4172:
4166:
4153:
4147:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4126:
4100:
4086:
4064:
4046:
4015:
3985:
3975:Herman, Lisa.
3968:
3942:
3916:
3898:
3880:
3859:
3833:
3807:
3796:on 24 May 2013
3781:
3754:
3728:
3702:
3684:
3666:
3654:
3642:
3629:
3616:
3614:, p. 111.
3604:
3592:
3571:
3559:infoplease.com
3546:
3533:
3515:
3504:. 4 March 2016
3487:
3461:
3433:
3407:
3381:
3355:
3333:
3306:
3293:La Información
3279:
3253:
3227:
3205:
3179:
3146:
3121:
3106:
3080:
3054:
3028:
3002:
2990:
2978:
2966:
2935:
2904:
2893:Schutze, Jim.
2885:
2873:
2861:
2850:. Arcspace.com
2839:
2827:
2815:
2800:
2788:
2776:
2761:
2749:
2732:
2710:
2691:
2666:
2664:, p. 108.
2650:
2648:
2645:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2621:
2610:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2588:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2561:
2558:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2540:
2530:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2451:SOM Foundation
2442:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2403:
2393:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2383:
2380:
2373:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2305:
2290:
2283:
2272:
2265:
2254:
2247:
2242:, bridge over
2236:
2225:
2210:
2199:
2188:
2173:
2162:
2147:
2136:
2133:Haarlemmermeer
2125:
2114:
2111:
2104:
2093:
2088:, bridge over
2082:
2080:Meadows Museum
2069:
2062:
2047:
2032:
2025:Bilbao Airport
2021:
2014:
2011:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1975:
1964:
1953:Trinity Bridge
1949:
1938:
1927:
1920:
1909:
1898:
1887:
1876:
1865:
1854:
1847:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1769:
1762:
1751:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1717:
1714:
1709:Rio de Janeiro
1685:, Spain (2003)
1611:
1608:
1579:
1576:
1515:
1512:
1506:
1503:
1439:
1436:
1376:New York Times
1366:
1363:
1359:New York Times
1325:
1322:
1294:
1291:
1264:
1261:
1220:
1217:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1195:
1188:
1186:
1179:
1172:
1170:
1164:
1157:
1155:
1149:
1142:
1140:
1133:
1126:
1124:
1117:
1110:
1108:
1102:
1095:
1093:
1087:
1080:
1078:
1071:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1039:
1036:
1032:science museum
1019:
1016:
1006:
1003:
990:
987:
983:Canary Islands
974:
971:
957:
954:
933:
930:
914:
913:
899:
892:
890:
887:
880:
878:
871:
864:
862:
854:Science Museum
852:
845:
843:
833:
826:
824:
820:Canary Islands
814:
807:
805:
802:
795:
793:
786:
774:
772:
765:
758:
754:
751:
746:Bilbao Airport
741:
738:
697:
694:
658:
657:
653:Bilbao Airport
651:
644:
642:
638:Bilbao Airport
636:
629:
627:
623:Bilbao Airport
621:
614:
612:
606:
599:
597:
587:
580:
578:
571:
564:
562:
556:
549:
545:
542:
498:Coesfeld-Lette
490:Entrepôt Jakem
485:
484:
482:, Spain (1992)
471:
464:
462:
452:
445:
443:
436:
429:
427:
420:
413:
411:
400:
393:
391:
381:
374:
370:
367:
323:
320:
278:, Sweden, the
247:
246:
243:
242:
222:AIA Gold Medal
215:
211:
210:
168:Turning Torso
165:
161:
160:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
136:
132:
131:
125:
124:
121:
117:
116:
107:
103:
102:
99:
95:
94:
88:
74:
70:
69:
66:
58:
57:
54:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5291:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5204:Living people
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5130:
5126:
5124:
5120:
5118:
5114:
5110:
5108:
5104:
5102:
5101:John Williams
5098:
5094:
5092:
5088:
5086:
5082:
5080:
5076:
5074:
5070:
5068:
5064:
5063:
5060:
5053:
5049:
5039:
5035:
5033:
5029:
5027:
5023:
5021:
5020:Riccardo Muti
5017:
5015:
5014:Richard Serra
5011:
5009:
5008:Norman Foster
5005:
5003:
4999:
4997:
4993:
4991:
4987:
4985:
4981:
4977:
4975:
4974:Paco de Lucía
4971:
4969:
4965:
4963:
4959:
4957:
4953:
4951:
4947:
4945:
4941:
4939:
4935:
4933:
4929:
4927:
4923:
4921:
4917:
4915:
4911:
4909:
4905:
4903:
4902:Roberto Matta
4899:
4897:
4893:
4892:Alfredo Kraus
4889:
4885:
4884:José Carreras
4881:
4877:
4873:
4869:
4867:
4866:Antoni Tàpies
4863:
4861:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4849:
4845:
4843:
4839:
4837:
4833:
4831:
4827:
4825:
4821:
4819:
4818:Pablo Serrano
4815:
4813:
4809:
4808:
4805:
4798:
4794:
4789:
4781:
4776:
4774:
4769:
4767:
4762:
4761:
4758:
4745:
4744:Naeem Hussain
4742:
4739:
4736:
4733:
4730:
4727:
4724:
4721:
4718:
4715:
4712:
4709:
4706:
4703:
4702:Mike Schlaich
4700:
4697:
4694:
4691:
4688:
4685:
4682:
4679:
4678:Paul Westbury
4676:
4673:
4670:
4667:
4664:
4661:
4658:
4655:
4652:
4649:
4646:
4643:
4642:Roger Johnson
4640:
4637:
4634:
4631:
4628:
4625:
4622:
4619:
4616:
4613:
4610:
4607:
4604:
4601:
4598:
4595:
4592:
4589:
4586:
4583:
4580:
4577:
4574:
4571:
4568:
4565:
4562:
4559:
4558:Jörg Schlaich
4556:
4553:
4550:
4547:
4546:Anthony Flint
4544:
4541:
4538:
4535:
4534:Michael Horne
4532:
4529:
4526:
4523:
4520:
4517:
4516:Alec Skempton
4514:
4511:
4508:
4505:
4502:
4499:
4498:Oleg Kerensky
4496:
4493:
4490:
4487:
4484:
4481:
4478:
4475:
4472:
4469:
4466:
4463:
4460:
4457:
4454:
4451:
4448:
4445:
4442:
4439:
4438:Félix Candela
4436:
4433:
4430:
4427:
4424:
4421:
4418:
4415:
4412:
4411:
4408:
4403:
4396:
4391:
4389:
4384:
4382:
4377:
4376:
4373:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4351:
4349:
4347:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4309:
4304:
4303:
4299:
4293:
4291:0-8478-2641-4
4287:
4283:
4278:
4274:
4272:0-7893-0360-4
4268:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4255:
4251:
4245:
4239:
4235:
4230:
4226:
4220:
4216:
4211:
4207:
4205:2-263-04096-X
4201:
4197:
4192:
4188:
4182:
4178:
4173:
4169:
4163:
4159:
4154:
4150:
4144:
4140:
4135:
4134:
4130:
4115:
4111:
4104:
4101:
4096:
4090:
4087:
4082:
4078:
4074:
4068:
4065:
4062:
4058:
4055:
4050:
4047:
4035:
4029:
4025:
4019:
4016:
4004:
3999:
3995:
3989:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3972:
3969:
3957:
3953:
3946:
3943:
3930:
3926:
3920:
3917:
3912:
3908:
3902:
3899:
3894:
3890:
3884:
3881:
3869:
3863:
3860:
3848:
3847:The Telegraph
3844:
3837:
3834:
3822:
3818:
3811:
3808:
3795:
3791:
3785:
3782:
3769:
3765:
3758:
3755:
3742:
3738:
3732:
3729:
3717:. 2 July 2012
3716:
3712:
3706:
3703:
3700:
3696:
3693:
3688:
3685:
3682:
3678:
3675:
3670:
3667:
3664:, p. 19.
3663:
3658:
3655:
3652:, p. 11.
3651:
3646:
3643:
3639:
3633:
3630:
3626:
3620:
3617:
3613:
3608:
3605:
3601:
3596:
3593:
3581:
3575:
3572:
3560:
3556:
3550:
3547:
3543:
3537:
3534:
3529:
3525:
3519:
3516:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3491:
3488:
3476:
3475:New York Post
3472:
3465:
3462:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3437:
3434:
3422:
3418:
3411:
3408:
3396:
3392:
3385:
3382:
3370:
3366:
3359:
3356:
3344:
3337:
3334:
3321:
3317:
3310:
3307:
3294:
3290:
3283:
3280:
3267:
3263:
3257:
3254:
3242:
3238:
3231:
3228:
3215:
3209:
3206:
3194:
3190:
3183:
3180:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3135:
3131:
3125:
3122:
3119:, p. 77.
3118:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3095:
3091:
3084:
3081:
3069:
3065:
3058:
3055:
3043:
3039:
3032:
3029:
3017:
3013:
3006:
3003:
3000:, p. 83.
2999:
2994:
2991:
2988:, p. 81.
2987:
2982:
2979:
2976:, p. 93.
2975:
2970:
2967:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2939:
2936:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2908:
2905:
2900:
2896:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2877:
2874:
2870:
2865:
2862:
2849:
2843:
2840:
2836:
2831:
2828:
2825:, p. 67.
2824:
2819:
2816:
2812:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2798:, p. 57.
2797:
2792:
2789:
2786:, p. 53.
2785:
2780:
2777:
2774:, p. 33.
2773:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2753:
2750:
2747:, p. 91.
2746:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2720:
2714:
2711:
2707:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2680:
2676:
2670:
2667:
2663:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2631:Personal life
2630:
2626:
2622:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2599:
2596:Other honours
2595:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2534:Honoris Causa
2531:
2529:
2525:
2524:Honoris Causa
2521:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2488:
2486:
2481:
2479:
2475:
2470:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2440:
2435:
2431:
2430:Chicago Spire
2428:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2367:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2320:
2317:
2313:
2310:
2306:
2303:
2302:Reggio Emilia
2299:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2248:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2192:Chords Bridge
2189:
2186:
2185:Reggio Emilia
2182:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2167:
2166:Turning Torso
2163:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2146:, Switzerland
2145:
2141:
2137:
2135:, Netherlands
2134:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2055:Puerto Madero
2052:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2003:, Switzerland
2002:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1831:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1818:, Switzerland
1817:
1813:
1811:, Switzerland
1810:
1806:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1782:, Switzerland
1781:
1777:
1775:, Switzerland
1774:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1761:, Switzerland
1760:
1756:
1752:
1750:, Switzerland
1749:
1745:
1741:
1739:, Switzerland
1738:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1725:, Switzerland
1724:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1695:
1691:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1669:
1665:
1664:Chords Bridge
1661:
1654:
1650:
1649:Turning Torso
1646:
1639:
1635:
1629:, U.S. (2001)
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1610:Notable works
1609:
1607:
1604:
1601:In 2012, the
1599:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1588:Malmö, Sweden
1585:
1584:Turning Torso
1577:
1575:
1573:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1561:Auguste Rodin
1557:
1553:
1547:
1545:
1540:
1538:
1537:expressionism
1534:
1530:
1529:Richard Meier
1526:
1525:Eero Saarinen
1522:
1513:
1511:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1493:
1487:
1482:
1479:
1478:New York Post
1475:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1453:New York Post
1448:
1446:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1428:
1427:
1421:
1420:Antonio Gaudi
1416:
1412:
1403:
1398:
1394:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1372:Suzanne Daley
1364:
1362:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1242:Reggio Emilia
1239:
1238:Autostrada A1
1235:
1231:
1227:
1226:Trinity River
1218:
1216:
1213:
1205:
1199:
1192:
1187:
1183:
1176:
1171:
1167:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1146:
1141:
1137:
1130:
1125:
1121:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1004:
1002:
1000:
996:
995:Turning Torso
988:
986:
984:
980:
972:
970:
967:
963:
955:
953:
951:
950:Lake Michigan
947:
946:Eero Saarinen
943:
939:
931:
929:
927:
923:
919:
910:
906:
902:
896:
891:
884:
879:
875:
868:
863:
859:
855:
849:
844:
840:
839:Malmö, Sweden
836:
835:Turning Torso
830:
825:
821:
817:
811:
806:
799:
794:
790:
773:
769:
762:
757:
752:
750:
747:
739:
737:
735:
731:
727:
722:
720:
715:
711:
707:
703:
695:
693:
691:
688:
684:
680:
679:Antonio Gaudi
676:
672:
671:1992 Olympics
668:
664:
654:
648:
643:
639:
633:
628:
624:
618:
613:
609:
603:
598:
594:
590:
584:
579:
575:
568:
563:
559:
553:
548:
543:
541:
539:
535:
531:
526:
523:
518:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
481:
477:
474:
468:
463:
459:
458:Mérida, Spain
455:
449:
444:
440:
433:
428:
424:
417:
412:
408:
404:
397:
392:
388:
384:
378:
373:
368:
366:
364:
360:
356:
351:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
321:
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
272:Turning Torso
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
244:
241:
237:
232:
227:
223:
219:
216:
212:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
184:Chords Bridge
181:
177:
173:
169:
166:
158:
156:Practice name
154:
151:
148:
144:
140:
137:
133:
130:
126:
122:
118:
115:
111:
108:
104:
101:Spanish-Swiss
100:
96:
91:
85:(age 73)
75:
71:
64:
59:
52:
47:
43:
39:
35:
30:
19:
5123:Meryl Streep
5073:Núria Espert
5026:Rafael Moneo
4943:
4854:Jorge Oteiza
4790:for the Arts
4732:Michael Cook
4648:Joseph Locke
4636:John Roberts
4624:Sam Thorburn
4594:John Burland
4582:Anthony Hunt
4575:
4354:The Guardian
4353:
4345:
4329:
4314:
4281:
4265:. Universe.
4262:
4233:
4214:
4195:
4176:
4157:
4138:
4131:Bibliography
4117:. Retrieved
4113:
4103:
4089:
4076:
4067:
4049:
4037:. Retrieved
4024:Ghostarchive
4022:Archived at
4018:
4006:. Retrieved
3994:Ghostarchive
3992:Archived at
3988:
3981:Georgia Tech
3980:
3971:
3959:. Retrieved
3956:Georgia Tech
3955:
3945:
3933:. Retrieved
3929:the original
3919:
3901:
3893:the original
3883:
3871:. Retrieved
3862:
3850:. Retrieved
3846:
3836:
3824:. Retrieved
3820:
3810:
3798:. Retrieved
3794:the original
3784:
3772:. Retrieved
3767:
3757:
3745:. Retrieved
3740:
3731:
3719:. Retrieved
3714:
3705:
3687:
3669:
3662:Jodidio 2016
3657:
3650:Jodidio 2016
3645:
3637:
3632:
3624:
3619:
3607:
3602:, p. 8.
3600:Jodidio 2016
3595:
3583:. Retrieved
3574:
3562:. Retrieved
3558:
3549:
3541:
3536:
3527:
3518:
3506:. Retrieved
3499:
3490:
3478:. Retrieved
3474:
3464:
3452:. Retrieved
3446:
3436:
3424:. Retrieved
3420:
3410:
3398:. Retrieved
3394:
3384:
3372:. Retrieved
3368:
3358:
3346:. Retrieved
3336:
3324:. Retrieved
3322:(in Spanish)
3319:
3309:
3297:. Retrieved
3295:(in Spanish)
3292:
3282:
3270:. Retrieved
3265:
3256:
3244:. Retrieved
3240:
3230:
3218:. Retrieved
3208:
3196:. Retrieved
3192:
3182:
3172:13 September
3170:. Retrieved
3164:
3137:. Retrieved
3133:
3124:
3117:Jodidio 2016
3097:. Retrieved
3094:The Guardian
3093:
3083:
3071:. Retrieved
3067:
3057:
3045:. Retrieved
3041:
3031:
3019:. Retrieved
3015:
3005:
2998:Jodidio 2016
2993:
2986:Jodidio 2016
2981:
2974:Jodidio 2016
2969:
2957:. Retrieved
2953:the original
2948:
2938:
2926:. Retrieved
2922:the original
2917:
2907:
2898:
2888:
2881:Jodidio 2016
2876:
2869:Jodidio 2016
2864:
2852:. Retrieved
2842:
2835:Jodidio 2016
2830:
2823:Jodidio 2016
2818:
2811:Jodidio 2016
2796:Jodidio 2016
2791:
2784:Jodidio 2016
2779:
2772:Jodidio 2016
2759:, p. 3.
2757:Jodidio 2016
2752:
2745:Jodidio 2016
2723:. Retrieved
2713:
2708:, p. 7.
2706:Jodidio 2016
2682:. Retrieved
2678:
2669:
2634:
2618:Quincy Jones
2536:Degree from
2489:
2482:
2471:
2444:
2407:In East Asia
2287:Peace Bridge
2244:River Liffey
2090:River Liffey
2059:Buenos Aires
1957:River Irwell
1902:World's Fair
1860:Renovation,
1600:
1595:
1581:
1569:
1564:
1556:Frank Stella
1548:
1541:
1517:
1508:
1496:
1492:Blade Runner
1490:
1486:The Guardian
1485:
1483:
1477:
1467:
1461:
1451:
1449:
1441:
1407:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1368:
1358:
1347:
1327:
1316:The Guardian
1314:
1312:
1307:cantilevered
1296:
1285:Architecture
1283:
1281:
1266:
1253:Peace Bridge
1250:
1222:
1209:
1104:Peace Bridge
1041:
1021:
1008:
992:
976:
959:
935:
922:concert hall
915:
791:Brise-Soleil
743:
723:
699:
687:Belle Epoque
659:
527:
519:
489:
486:
352:
340:Le Corbusier
325:
251:
250:
146:Institutions
128:
83:28 July 1951
45:
41:
34:Spanish name
29:
5159:1951 births
5117:María Pagés
5091:Peter Brook
5038:Frank Gehry
4984:Tamara Rojo
4962:Woody Allen
4720:Ding Jiemin
4714:Jo da Silva
4654:Mike Glover
4606:Ian Liddell
4528:Frank Newby
4522:Alan Harris
4432:Hardy Cross
4414:Henry Adams
4284:. Rizzoli.
3935:13 November
3800:13 November
3480:26 February
3320:ElDiario.es
2918:FrontBurner
2725:12 November
2447:Fazlur Khan
2441:Recognition
2282:, Texas, US
2212:2008–2009,
2207:Grand Canal
2177:A1 Motorway
2159:Petah Tikva
2061:, Argentina
1966:1996–2009,
1809:Würenlingen
1552:Frank Gehry
1028:Opera house
876:(1991–2006)
860:(1994–2000)
841:(1999–2004)
822:(1991–2003)
734:Tagus River
304:Opera House
258:architect,
98:Nationality
5148:Categories
4684:Chris Wise
4672:Allan Mann
4474:Yves Guyon
4420:John Baker
4330:Profiles:
3770:. New York
3768:Daily News
3741:Arch Daily
3715:Arch Daily
3564:4 February
3508:7 February
3272:1 December
3139:4 February
2854:4 February
2684:18 January
2647:References
2463:Gold Medal
2220:campus in
2057:barrio of
2001:St. Gallen
1816:St. Gallen
1723:Munchwilen
1474:Boondoggle
714:Rhone-Alps
690:Les Halles
675:Park Güell
572:Atrium of
506:Saint-Gall
322:Early life
228:Gold Medal
135:Discipline
120:Occupation
79:1951-07-28
4996:Bob Dylan
4738:Paul Fast
4552:Jack Zunz
4139:Calatrava
3299:15 August
3042:ArchDaily
3016:Architect
2959:2 January
2928:2 January
2465:from the
2424:Abandoned
2379:, Belgium
2363:In Europe
2264:, Spain,
2235:, Belgium
2196:Jerusalem
2155:Beilinson
2066:Laguardia
2053:, in the
2044:Wisconsin
2040:Milwaukee
1940:1992–95,
1929:1994–97,
1895:Barcelona
1864:, Germany
1856:1991–96,
1821:1989–94,
1792:1987–92,
1764:1984–87,
1742:1983–90,
1732:, Germany
1716:Completed
1668:Jerusalem
1627:Wisconsin
1623:Milwaukee
1498:Star Trek
1426:trencadís
1257:Bow River
962:Laguardia
719:manta ray
460:(1988–91)
274:tower in
106:Education
42:Calatrava
4480:Ove Arup
4261:(1999).
4119:17 March
4114:New York
4057:Archived
4039:17 March
4026:and the
4008:29 April
3996:and the
3852:17 March
3826:17 March
3695:Archived
3677:Archived
3585:17 March
3448:New York
3348:17 March
3246:17 March
3198:17 March
3099:17 March
3047:17 March
3021:17 March
2224:, Israel
2218:Technion
2172:, Sweden
2161:, Israel
2129:spanning
1996:, France
1987:Tenerife
1972:Valencia
1851:Valencia
1841:Ondarroa
1829:, France
1787:Valencia
1730:Coesfeld
1578:Artworks
1469:New York
1404:in 2015.
1391:Valencia
1009:For the
308:Valencia
226:IStructE
164:Projects
123:Engineer
90:Valencia
32:In this
4870:1991:
4404:winners
3454:1 April
3426:1 April
3421:Twitter
3400:13 July
3374:13 July
3326:19 June
2469:(AIA).
2434:Chicago
2372:, Italy
2332:, Italy
2330:Cosenza
2304:, Italy
2296:on the
2271:, Spain
2187:, Italy
2122:Redding
2103:, Spain
2068:, Spain
2031:, Spain
2020:, Spain
1994:Orléans
1974:, Spain
1961:Salford
1937:, Spain
1908:, Spain
1906:Seville
1897:, Spain
1886:, Spain
1875:, Spain
1873:Seville
1853:, Spain
1843:, Spain
1836:, Spain
1802:Toronto
1789:, Spain
1759:Lucerne
1495:, more
1476:". The
1438:WTC Hub
1374:in the
1353:of the
1351:1 train
1200:(2016)
1052:Belgium
940:of the
909:Belgium
818:in the
706:Satolas
534:Expo 92
502:Lucerne
480:Seville
476:Expo 92
256:Spanish
92:, Spain
38:surname
5127:2024:
5121:2023:
5111:2022:
5105:2021:
5095:2020:
5089:2019:
5083:2018:
5077:2017:
5071:2016:
5065:2015:
5036:2014:
5030:2013:
5024:2012:
5018:2011:
5012:2010:
5006:2009:
5000:2008:
4994:2007:
4988:2006:
4978:2005:
4972:2004:
4966:2003:
4960:2002:
4954:2001:
4948:2000:
4942:1999:
4936:1998:
4930:1997:
4924:1996:
4918:1995:
4912:1994:
4906:1993:
4900:1992:
4864:1990:
4858:1989:
4852:1988:
4846:1987:
4840:1986:
4834:1985:
4828:1984:
4822:1983:
4816:1982:
4810:1981:
4746:(2022)
4740:(2021)
4734:(2020)
4728:(2019)
4722:(2018)
4716:(2017)
4710:(2016)
4704:(2015)
4698:(2014)
4692:(2013)
4686:(2012)
4680:(2012)
4674:(2011)
4668:(2010)
4662:(2009)
4656:(2008)
4650:(2007)
4644:(2006)
4638:(2005)
4632:(2004)
4626:(2003)
4620:(2001)
4614:(2000)
4608:(1999)
4602:(1998)
4596:(1997)
4590:(1996)
4584:(1994)
4578:(1992)
4572:(1991)
4566:(1991)
4560:(1990)
4554:(1988)
4548:(1988)
4542:(1987)
4536:(1986)
4530:(1985)
4524:(1984)
4518:(1981)
4512:(1980)
4506:(1979)
4500:(1977)
4494:(1975)
4488:(1973)
4482:(1973)
4476:(1972)
4470:(1971)
4464:(1968)
4458:(1967)
4452:(1964)
4446:(1962)
4440:(1960)
4434:(1958)
4428:(1957)
4422:(1953)
4416:(1922)
4315:Maps:
4288:
4269:
4240:
4221:
4202:
4183:
4164:
4145:
3961:29 May
3873:29 May
3774:29 May
3747:29 May
3721:29 May
3220:30 May
3073:29 May
2623:2004:
2349:2022,
2335:2021,
2321:2016,
2314:2015,
2307:2014,
2292:2013,
2285:2012,
2280:Dallas
2274:2012,
2269:Oviedo
2256:2011,
2249:2009,
2238:2009,
2227:2009,
2201:2008,
2190:2008,
2164:2005,
2144:Zürich
2138:2004,
2116:2004,
2095:2003,
2084:2003,
2073:Dallas
2049:2001,
2034:2001,
2029:Bilbao
2018:Murcia
2006:1998,
1977:1996,
1951:1995,
1935:Bilbao
1922:1994,
1911:1994,
1900:1992,
1889:1992,
1884:Mérida
1878:1992,
1867:1992,
1862:Berlin
1834:Ripoll
1748:Zürich
1737:Wohlen
1670:(2008)
1432:buckle
1230:Dallas
1212:Oviedo
1138:(2014)
1122:(2014)
1074:Oviedo
911:(2009)
510:Wohlen
407:Zürich
387:Zürich
359:Zürich
316:Zürich
314:, and
296:Dallas
290:, the
270:, the
266:, the
214:Awards
3914:arts.
2949:Domus
2532:1999
2522:1997
2400:Dubai
2346:, UAE
2344:Dubai
2233:Liège
2222:Haifa
2170:Malmö
2157:) in
1946:Alcoy
1780:Basel
1653:Malmö
1413:is a
1048:Liège
999:Malmö
966:Rioja
905:Liège
593:Alcoy
348:Ibiza
276:Malmö
233:Award
46:Valls
5115:and
5099:and
4982:and
4894:and
4286:ISBN
4267:ISBN
4238:ISBN
4219:ISBN
4200:ISBN
4181:ISBN
4162:ISBN
4143:ISBN
4121:2017
4041:2017
4010:2014
3963:2014
3937:2013
3875:2014
3854:2017
3828:2017
3802:2013
3776:2014
3749:2014
3723:2014
3587:2017
3566:2017
3510:2017
3482:2016
3456:2015
3428:2015
3402:2008
3376:2008
3350:2017
3328:2024
3301:2019
3274:2023
3248:2017
3222:2014
3200:2017
3174:2013
3141:2017
3101:2017
3075:2014
3049:2017
3023:2017
2961:2017
2930:2017
2856:2017
2727:2013
2686:2016
2377:Mons
2179:and
2046:, US
1827:Lyon
1796:(in
1773:Suhr
1554:and
1533:FAIA
1342:PATH
1297:The
1251:The
1180:The
1042:The
993:The
977:The
936:The
920:, a
787:The
766:The
724:The
437:The
421:The
312:Doha
302:and
73:Born
3911:MIT
2639:at
2478:MIT
2231:in
1800:),
1707:in
1651:in
1621:in
1586:in
1389:in
1271:in
1240:in
1228:in
997:in
856:in
837:in
710:TGV
677:of
405:in
385:in
357:in
294:in
286:in
40:is
5150::
4890:,
4886:,
4882:,
4878:,
4874:,
4112:.
4079:.
4075:.
4030::
4000::
3979:,
3954:.
3845:.
3819:.
3766:.
3739:.
3713:.
3557:.
3526:.
3498:.
3473:.
3445:.
3419:.
3393:.
3367:.
3318:.
3291:.
3264:.
3239:.
3191:.
3163:.
3149:^
3132:.
3109:^
3092:.
3066:.
3040:.
3014:.
2947:.
2916:.
2897:.
2803:^
2764:^
2735:^
2694:^
2677:.
2654:^
2487:.
2480:.
2432:,
2398:,
2300:,
2278:,
2260:,
2183:,
2168:,
2120:,
2042:,
2038:,
2027:,
1985:,
1981:,
1970:,
1944:,
1933:,
1915:,
1882:,
1871:,
1825:,
1757:,
1746:,
1681:,
1625:,
1598:.
1531:,
1050:,
907:,
903:,
721:.
591:,
478:,
456:,
350:.
318:.
81:)
4779:e
4772:t
4765:v
4394:e
4387:t
4380:v
4294:.
4275:.
4246:.
4227:.
4208:.
4189:.
4170:.
4151:.
4123:.
4083:.
3965:.
3939:.
3877:.
3856:.
3830:.
3804:.
3778:.
3751:.
3725:.
3589:.
3568:.
3530:.
3512:.
3484:.
3458:.
3430:.
3404:.
3378:.
3352:.
3330:.
3303:.
3276:.
3250:.
3224:.
3202:.
3176:.
3143:.
3103:.
3077:.
3051:.
3025:.
2963:.
2932:.
2901:.
2858:.
2729:.
2688:.
2609:.
2419:.
2153:(
77:(
48:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.