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415:. Forbes initially intended to raise her himself. However, Sara was later taken to meet Queen Victoria and she told her majesty about her horrible life, that for a couple of years she was kept in a small cage next to other unfortunate prisoners who she watched from time to time be taken out and slaughtered in rituals of the King of Dahomey. Her jailers often taunted her with the truth that she was being saved for ceremonial purposes too, and when it suited him, King Gezo intended to sacrifice her as a gift to his royal ancestors' tomb.
372:“Ek-onee-noo-ah-toh” or "watering of the graves." The people in the baskets were dressed in white garments, were to be slaughtered and their blood dripped on the graves of high ranking Dahomans. Some of the intended victims had been held in captivity for over two years for this tradition. They were being carried while their hands and feet were tied together. As the victims were dragged through the ranks, the Dahomans poked and jabbed them with knives and spears.
419:
a man with a sword hanging on the wall, her fear turned into panic. She yelled, "Cut head off!" as she quickly ran her hand down her narrow throat. "Cut head off!" Sara knew from her years in captivity that swords were meant for head cuts. It was necessary to reassure the trembling girl that the man brandishing the sword was not real and would not hurt her.
951:
400:. Forbes was aware of Aina's potential deadly fate in Dahomey, and as he wrote in his journal, refusing Aina "would have been to have signed her death-warrant, which probably would have been carried into execution forthwith." Captain Forbes accepted Aina on behalf of Queen Victoria and embarked on his journey back to Britain.
439:
founded in 1845 (at first named CMS Grammar School). In the school register, her name appears only as Sally
Bonetta, pupil number 24, June 1851, who married Captain Davies in England in 1862 and was the ward of Queen Victoria. She returned to England in 1855, when she was 12. She was entrusted to the
418:
Queen
Victoria was touched by her story and she requested that Sara have her photo taken after their visit, Sara was taken to the English-based studio of American photographer John J. Mayall. Sara was afraid of the photographer because she had no idea what he intended. When she noticed a portrait of
379:
He had never witnessed a ritual this vicious and violent. He was certain that this was the worst moment he had ever encountered in all the years fighting the slave trade. He then noticed the girl, Aina. She was so tiny, so still. As they carried her closer to the pit, the drums became more intense.
388:
background because of the tribal markings on her face and that she had not been sold to
European slave traders. Describing Aina in his journal, he wrote: "one of the captives of this dreadful slave-hunt was this interesting girl. It is usual to reserve the best born for the high behests of royalty
367:
had some profit but little power. Commander Forbes was frustrated and angry. The
Dahomian holiday ceremonies continued concurrently with Commander Forbes's continuous discussions with King Ghezo. Forbes started to count the number of soldiers under King Ghezo. He felt that the Dahomian monarch was
375:
Commander Forbes watched in horror as a man from the basket tipped over to a pit and the man viciously fell down. As he hit the ground, he was instantly attacked and his head cut off. Forbes tried but failed to make King Ghezo stop the ritual. Forbes then offered him money. The King eventually
383:
Forbes panicked and assured King Ghezo that Queen
Victoria wouldn't honor a king that would kill a child, so the king offered Aina to be a gift for Queen Victoria. Forbes estimated that Aina was enslaved by King Ghezo for two years. Although her actual ancestry is unknown, Forbes came to the
371:
Commander Forbes then heard a scream and then looked to a group of
Dahomans who were waving their guns and carrying people in little baskets. Forbes was informed by an interpreter that those he saw being taken in little baskets were going to be executed. The ceremony was called the
380:
Forbes was appalled. He found it hard to comprehend how a king could ritually murder a child. However, Gezo found it extremely easy to sacrifice the girl. It was explained that she was an Egbado, a
Dahoman enemy. Her blood on the King's ancestors' tombs would be a tribute to them.
335:
quotes King Ghezo telling the
British, "The slave trade has been the ruling principle of my people. It is the source of their glory and wealth. Their songs celebrate their victories and the mother lulls the child to sleep with notes of triumph over an enemy reduced to slavery."
1722:
The books state that she was the Acting
Principal of CMS Female Institution in 1870, the school was founded in 1869, the first principal was Mrs Annie Roper wife of Reverend Roper of CMS Mission Ijaiye, Mrs Forbes Davies was succeeded by Rev & Mrs Henry Townsend
348:
arrived to West Africa on a
British diplomatic mission, where he unsuccessfully attempted to negotiate with King Ghezo to end Dahomey's participation in the Atlantic slave trade. As was customary, Captain Forbes and King Ghezo exchanged gifts with each other.
523:, the grandson of Samuel Ajayi Crowther, had a daughter together: Sarah Abigail Idowu Macaulay Adadevoh, named after her maternal grandmother Sara and her paternal grandmother Abigail. A descendant of Sara's through her line was the Ebola heroine
510:
the Royal Navy had standing orders to evacuate in the event of an uprising in Lagos. Victoria Matilda Davies, Bonetta's first daughter, was named after Queen Victoria, who was also her godmother. She married the successful Lagos doctor
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allowed him to bargain for some of the victims. However, King Gezo's interpreters clarified that the custom of watering the ancestors' graves was an ancient one and could not be discontinued without dishonouring the Dahomey people.
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in the British middle class. In 1851, Sara developed a chronic cough, which was attributed to the climate of Great Britain. Her guardians sent her to school in Africa in May of that year, when she was aged eight. She attended the
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Forbes Bonetta’s life and story also form the basis of the novel, “The Other Princess : A Novel of Queen Victoria’s Goddaughter” by Denny S. Bryce, published by HarperCollins October 3, 2023.
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331:. After the British abolition of slavery, King Ghezo fought against British attempts to curtail Dahomey's exportation of slaves. Biographer and historian of Africa
1771:
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502:(1863), Arthur Davies (1871), and Stella Davies (1873). Sara Forbes Bonetta continued to enjoy such a close relationship with Queen Victoria that she and Bishop
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In 1848, Oke-Odan was invaded and captured by the army of Dahomey. Aina's parents died during the attack and other residents were either killed or sold into the
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1801:
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487:, in August 1862, after a period spent in the town preparing for the wedding. During her subsequent time in Brighton, she lived at 17 Clifton Hill in the
308:, refused to pay annual tributes to Oyo. During Oyo's war with Dahomey, Oyo was weakened and destabilised by the Islamic jihads launched by the growing
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327:. Aina ended up in the court of King Ghezo of Dahomey as a young child slave. Dahomey was a major West African power that immensely profited from the
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Dahomey and the Dahomans; being the journals of two missions to the king of Dahomey, and residence at his capital, in the year 1849 and 1850
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businessman of considerable wealth, and after their wedding the couple moved back to their native Africa, where they had three children:
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Queen Victoria was impressed by the young princess's "exceptional intelligence", and had the girl, whom she called Sally, raised as her
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Picture World: Image, Aesthetics, and Victorian New Media, Rachel Teutolsky, Oxford University Press, 2020, p. 267
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824:"Bonetta [married name Davies], (Ina) Sarah Forbes [Sally] (C. 1843–1880), Queen Victoria's ward"
745:"Bonetta [married name Davies], (Ina) Sarah Forbes [Sally] (C. 1843–1880), Queen Victoria's ward"
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Island, a Portuguese island in the Atlantic Ocean. In her memory, her husband erected an over-eight-foot granite
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448:. The house survives. In January 1862, she was invited to and attended the wedding of Queen Victoria's daughter
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435:(CMS) in January 1849 as an institution for young women and girls who were relatives of the boys in the
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The making of Good Wives, Good Mothers, Leading Lights of Society. The Story of St Anne's School Ibadan
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into various small states. Dahomey's army began to expand eastwards into Oyo's former and defenseless
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commemorating Forbes Bonetta was placed on Palm Cottage in 2016, as part of the television series
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attempting to show his power and give the impression that his army was larger and more powerful.
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235:
1526:"Plaque commemorating Sarah Forbes Bonetta who was under the protection of Queen Victoria - BBC"
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1479:"Sarah Forbes Bonetta (Sarah Davies) (1843-1880), Goddaughter of Queen Victoria:Image archive"
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1735:. Kamal Simpson talks to Clare Gittings about Sarah Forbes Bonetta, who was photographed by
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in Western Lagos, where he had started a cocoa farm. The inscription on the obelisk reads:
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Lithograph of Forbes Bonetta, after a drawing by Frederick E. Forbes, from his 1851 book
1457:"The Nineteenth Century: 1862 - Sarah Forbes Bonetta - The African Princess in Brighton"
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1397:"Some early Nigerian doctors and their contribution to modern medicine in West Africa"
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She was later commanded by the Queen to marry Captain James Pinson Labulo Davies at
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of Dahomey. She was given as a "gift" to Captain Frederick E. Forbes of the British
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548:
535:; a separate branch, the Randle family of Lagos, remains prominent in contemporary
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93:
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978:"Black and Asian History and Victorian Britain / Sarah Forbes Bonetta and Family"
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WIFE OF THE HON J.P.L. DAVIES WHO DEPARTED THIS LIFE AT MADEIRA AUGUST 15TH 1880
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near the Anglican Holy Trinity Church, Rua Quebra Costas Funchal, Madeira.
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Captain Forbes renamed her Sara Forbes Bonetta, after himself and his ship
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offered Forbes a footstool, rich country cloth, a keg of rum, ten heads of
1430:
515:, becoming the stepmother of his son, Nigerian businessman and socialite
480:
364:
1556:"Sarah Forbes Bonetta: Portrait of Queen Victoria's goddaughter on show"
1323:
The New Encyclopaedia of Brighton: (based on the original by Tim Carder)
1056:
At her majesty's request : an African princess in Victorian England
683:
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made it clear that he would not stop the slave trade. He believed that
103:
77:
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Forbes Bonetta was portrayed by Zaris-Angel Hator in the 2017 British
798:
The Life of James Pinson Labulo Davies: A Colossus of Victorian Lagos
444:
and his wife Elizabeth, who lived at Palm Cottage, Canterbury Street
392:
Dahomey was notorious for mass executing its captives in spectacular
317:
282:
227:
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was under subjugation by Oyo, and it was a historical enemy of the
1658:
At Her Majesty's Request: An African Princess in Victorian England
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Register of Burials, Church Archives, Holy Trinity Church, Funchal
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360:
354:
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village in West Africa which recently became independent from the
265:
255:
223:
25:
953:
The Slave Trade: The Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade: 1440-1870
312:. The Oyo Empire began to disintegrate by the 1830s, fragmenting
564:
431:(AWMS) in Freetown, Sierra Leone. The school was founded by the
239:
1587:"New portrait of Queen Victoria's African goddaughter unveiled"
633:
Forbes Bonetta's life and story formed the basis for the novel
1344:
1342:
1122:"Queen Victoria and the African Princess | MUSEYON BOOKS"
234:
in West Africa, who was orphaned during a war with the nearby
1682:. Y Books & Associated Bookmakers of Nigeria Ltd, 1989.
389:
and the immolation on the tombs of the deceased nobility…".
1212:. Lund Humphries, University of Michigan. pp. 62, 86.
468:
and Sara Forbes Bonetta, photographed in London in 1862 by
292:(present-day southwestern Nigeria) after its collapse. The
601:
A newly commissioned portrait of Forbes Bonetta by artist
1463:. Brighton and Hove Black History Project. Archived from
1325:(1st ed.). Brighton: Brighton & Hove Libraries.
1013:"Sarah Forbes Bonetta, Queen Victoria's African Protégée"
300:. Oyo and Dahomey began to engage in a war in 1823 after
218:; c. 1843 – 15 August 1880), was ward and goddaughter of
1618:"Victoria creator "challenging" perspectives of the era"
277:
Originally named Aina (or Ina), she was born in 1843 in
1708:
Sarah Forbes Bonetta: Queen Victoria's African Princess
1209:
Black Victorians: Black People in British Art 1800–1900
1082:"Princess Omoba Aina (Sarah Forbes Bonetta) of Nigeria"
1059:. Internet Archive. New York : Scholastic Press.
527:. Many of Sara's other descendants now live in either
384:
conclusion that Aina was likely to have come from a
320:territory, capturing Egbado slaves in the process.
183:
152:
124:
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99:
89:
70:
51:
23:
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743:
1158:. ABC-CLIO Biographical Companions. p. 307.
344:In July 1850, Captain Frederick E. Forbes of the
1182:A History of Modern Britain: 1714 to the Present
1261:"Queen Victoria adopted my great-great grandma"
519:. Bonetta's second daughter Stella Davies and
8:
1359:
1357:
833:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
754:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
724:, the class that Forbes Bonetta married into
667:Sara Forbes Bonetta photographed in 1862 by
1115:
1113:
1111:
718:, the class that Forbes Bonetta belonged to
712:, the class that Forbes Bonetta belonged to
571:IN MEMORY OF PRINCESS SARAH FORBES BONETTA
698:Sarah Forbes Bonetta's gravestone, Madeira
36:
20:
1420:
800:. Kachifo Limited/Prestige. p. 138.
791:
789:
787:
1678:Kemi Morgan and Christine Bullock, eds,
1298:. Church Missionary Society. p. 6.
1155:Queen Victoria: A Biographical Companion
1147:
1145:
1143:
1007:
1005:
1003:
926:"The Story of Africa| BBC World Service"
904:. New York: PublicAffairs. p. 193.
613:in October 2020 as part of an effort by
1696:. Phoenix Visions World Limited, 2020.
1503:
1348:
1080:Kujawinski, Bethany (23 October 2020).
872:
868:
866:
830:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
751:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
734:
657:
617:to recognise black history in England.
1485:from the original on 30 September 2007
1302:from the original on 19 September 2023
1185:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 235.
595:Black and British: A Forgotten History
238:as a child, and was later enslaved by
74:15 August 1880 (aged 36–37)
1772:19th-century deaths from tuberculosis
1628:from the original on 26 February 2021
1481:. London: National Portrait Gallery.
1048:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1038:
7:
887:Dahomey and Its Neighbors: 1708-1818
42:Sara Forbes Bonetta photographed by
1597:from the original on 7 October 2020
1566:from the original on 7 October 2020
1376:from the original on 19 August 2014
1366:"Bonetta, Sarah Forbes (1843–1880)"
1292:"Queen Victoria's African Protégée"
1802:English people of Nigerian descent
1787:Annie Walsh Memorial School alumni
1616:Gordon, Naomi (20 December 2017).
1536:from the original on 18 April 2022
1259:Jordan, Nicola (16 October 2016).
1226:from the original on 23 April 2022
222:. She was believed to have been a
14:
1741:National Portrait Gallery, London
1437:from the original on 21 June 2019
1296:Church Missionary Quarterly Token
551:on 15 August 1880 in the city of
1807:English people of Yoruba descent
1747:The Lost Child (BBC documentary)
1733:"In focus: Sarah Forbes Bonetta"
1364:Braimah, Ayodale (5 June 2014).
1271:from the original on 29 May 2018
1128:from the original on 4 June 2021
1023:from the original on 4 June 2021
691:
675:
660:
1852:Tuberculosis deaths in Portugal
1461:Brighton and Hove Black History
1206:Marsh, Jan (19 November 2009).
581:Her grave is number 206 in the
357:shells, and a caboceers stool.
142:
1585:Brown, Mark (6 October 2020).
950:Thomas, Hugh (16 April 2013).
1:
1857:Women in 19th-century warfare
889:. Cambridge University Press.
1832:People from colonial Nigeria
857:UK public library membership
778:UK public library membership
547:Sara Forbes Bonetta died of
246:and became a goddaughter of
1817:Kidnapped Nigerian children
1777:19th-century Nigerian women
1086:editions.covecollective.org
1053:Myers, Walter Dean (1999).
583:British Cemetery of Funchal
437:Sierra Leone Grammar School
429:Annie Walsh Memorial School
197:(great-great-granddaughter)
1883:
466:James Pinson Labulo Davies
252:James Pinson Labulo Davies
131:James Pinson Labulo Davies
1812:History of women in Lagos
1797:Burials in Madeira Island
1530:Google Arts & Culture
1413:10.1017/s0025727300019621
1395:Adeloye, Adelola (1974).
1310:– via Google Books.
1290:Higgen, Annie C. (1881).
1152:Rappaport, Helen (2003).
900:Meredith, Martin (2014).
885:Akinjogbin, I.A. (1967).
796:Elebute, Adeyemo (2013).
433:Church Missionary Society
398:Annual Customs of Dahomey
340:Captain Forbes at Dahomey
35:
1694:Heritage Schools Nigeria
1245:Black Presence website,
821:Anim-Addo, Joan (2015).
742:Anim-Addo, Joan (2015).
682:The English Cemetery in
636:Breaking the Maafa Chain
396:rituals as part of the
188:John Randle (physician)
1827:People from Ogun State
1179:Wasson, Ellis (2009).
982:Royal Collection Trust
956:. Simon and Schuster.
902:The Fortunes of Africa
839:10.1093/ref:odnb/75453
760:10.1093/ref:odnb/75453
579:
472:
274:
250:. She married Captain
1792:Black British history
1321:Collis, Rose (2010).
569:
504:Samuel Ajayi Crowther
494:Captain Davies was a
463:
456:Marriage and children
269:
206:, otherwise known as
118:Sarah Forbes Bonetta
16:West African princess
1739:and featured in the
1706:John Van der Kiste,
1662:. Scholastic Press.
722:Nigerian bourgeoisie
716:Nigerian aristocracy
563:-shaped monument at
506:were the only Lagos
329:Atlantic slave trade
325:Atlantic slave trade
208:Sally Forbes Bonetta
120:Sally Forbes Bonetta
1822:Nigerian princesses
1782:19th-century slaves
1710:. A & F, 2018.
1692:Oyinkan Ade-Ajayi,
1247:Sara Forbes Bonetta
988:on 11 November 2020
710:Black British elite
605:went on display at
477:St Nicholas' Church
204:Sara Forbes Bonetta
90:Cause of death
30:Sara Forbes Bonetta
1562:. 7 October 2020.
1506:, pp. 111–119
624:television series
577:AGED 37 YEARS
473:
294:Kingdom of Dahomey
275:
236:Kingdom of Dahomey
1862:Yoruba princesses
1652:Walter Dean Myers
1332:978-0-9564664-0-2
1066:978-0-590-48669-9
963:978-1-4767-3745-4
855:(Subscription or
848:978-0-19-861412-8
776:(Subscription or
769:978-0-19-861412-8
555:, the capital of
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543:Death and legacy
521:Herbert Macaulay
442:Frederick Scheon
310:Sokoto Caliphate
258:philanthropist.
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645:Jacaranda Books
643:, published by
545:
513:Dr. John Randle
500:Victoria Davies
458:
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394:human sacrifice
342:
333:Martin Meredith
306:King of Dahomey
264:
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160:Victoria Davies
148:
145: 1862)
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56:Aina (also Ina)
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1265:Kent Online
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1091:10 December
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485:East Sussex
424:goddaughter
386:high status
1756:Categories
1743:. YouTube.
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1306:10 October
935:9 December
859:required.)
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351:King Ghezo
346:Royal Navy
314:Yorubaland
304:, the new
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262:Early life
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64:Yorubaland
62:Oke Odan,
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686:, Madeira
647:in 2021.
508:indigènes
184:Relatives
1654:(1999).
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