650:
occupational diversity and mobility, young, cosmopolitan
Saraguro musicians in the southern highlands of Ecuador are working to reconstitute their Saraguro Kichwa identity in a creative and selective process by which they discard, amplify, and reinvent the aspects of what they perceive to be authentic Saraguro musical culture. They also have found other ways of expressing themselves that are compatible with their self-identification as Indigenous and do not strictly rely on ties to an Inkaic past, or even to a particular expression of Indigeneity. Rather, the tastes and ambitions of many Saraguro youth point to an alternative conceptualization of Saraguro identity that is both firmly rooted in the "modern" and respectful of a long tradition of Indigeneity. A large number of (primarily male) Saraguro youth affiliate themselves with a subculture of heavy metal music. They listen to nation and international metal bands. Some of them play in local bands and organize local concerts.
382:. Schools have been named after Inca emperors, Inca customs recreated, Inca architecture copied, and efforts made to preserve the Kichwa language. Historical records and oral traditions also attribute the traditional black and white colors of their clothing to ceremony and nobility, which were the meanings given by the Incas according to chronicler Cieza de LeĂłn and recounted by the Saraguro. Being descendants of the elite soldiers of the Inca army, they retained that symbolism as well as the male population retained their long-braided hair, which was another marker of nobility among the Incas. Black as a sign of mourning is not part of the Inca symbolism nor among the Saraguros but has been adopted, especially by the young generations. Likewise, they attribute the symbolic concepts of their clothing to a representation of the
151:
44:
600:, academic space of education of the Peoples and Nationalities of Ecuador. Rector of Universidad Comunitaria Intercultural de las Nacionalidades y Pueblos Indigenas "Amawtay Wasi", 2013 - 2015. First Coordinator of the Network of Indigenous, Intercultural and Community Universities of Abya Yala RUIICAY, 2008–2010. President of the Academic Council of the Universidad Indigena Intercultural UII-FILAC in La Paz, Bolivia. Author of the book: "
210:
514:
494:
398:
490:
agro-pastoralist activities while holding professional careers or combine more than one occupation. While having a distinctive identity, they are engaged in the consumer society and technology as much as most of the
Ecuadorian society is. Issues such as teenage pregnancy, environmental degradation, deforestation, discrimination, racism, discontinuation of traditions are also present across the Saraguro territory.
654:
182:
329:
230:
51:
649:
Young
Saraguro musicians break from tradition not only to index their aspirations to do something with their lives other than what tradition and stereotypes dictate for them, but also to index their real opportunities to do so as Saraguros. With greater participation in formal education and increased
361:. The numbers resettled were large, estimated to be up to 80 percent of the population of some provinces. One Spanish document says that the ancestors of present-day Saraguros were elite soldiers in the Inca army. This statement is bolstered by the fact that the Saraguros live along the Inca road or
631:
Salvador
Quishpe Lozano (Zamora, March 15, 1971), is an Ecuadorian politician, a Pachakutik militant and current prefect of Zamora Chinchipe; during his tenure he has become a figure of the Indigenous movement for his strong opposition to the policies of the presidency of Rafael Correa, becoming a
615:
is a member of the
Saraguro People. She has been a leader of his people and also of important Indigenous, national and international organizations. She has organized peaceful marches for the defense of water and territories threatened by resources exploitation in southern Ecuador. She has promoted
595:
Lawyer at
Republic of Ecuador's Courts and Tribunals, Universidad Nacional de Loja. Diploma in Intercultural Research, Universidad Central del Ecuador. Master in University Teaching, Universidad de las Regiones AutĂłnomas de la Costa Caribe Nicaraguense URACCAN, Nicaragua. PhD in Jurisprudence,
405:
The
Saraguros have retained control over their lands more successfully than many of the Andean subjects of Spanish colonization and contemporary colonialism of the independent country of Ecuador. Part of this may be due to their initial hostility to the Spanish and the Indigenous people who
489:
of
Ecuador. Others have migrated to Europe and the United States. Many contemporary Saraguros are doctors, architects, engineers, musicians, photographers, construction workers, artisans, farmers, entrepreneurs, politicians, teachers, lawyers, cooks, activists. And others continue to do
442:
Tupu: It is a jewel that is used to hold the cloth with a chain that hangs around the neck to hold the tupu, it is silver with a colored pearl in the center. In families, the tupo or mole is given from the mother to her daughter and so on for their generations in the form of an
410:(inn or way-station) along a major communication route. They successfully argued that the operation and maintenance of the tambo required that they retain their land and its resources. They continued to manage the tambo until the 1940s when a motor road reached the area.
596:
Universidad
Nacional de Loja. He belongs to the Kichwa Saraguro Indigenous People, Province of Loja - Ecuador. Leader of Education at the Coordination of Organizations of the Kichwa Saraguro People CORPUKIS - ECUARUNARI - CONAIE. Pushak / Rector of the
377:
Whatever the facts about their origins. Saraguro in the 20th century celebrate their Inca heritage. In a debunked theory, some authors ascribe the black clothing typical of the
Saraguro as a sign of mourning for the death of the Inca Emperor
373:
and thus occupied an important link for Inca communications and control of the empire. The town of Saraguro, however, seems to have been founded by the Spanish rather than the Incas although a number of Inca ruins are in the nearby area.
356:
regions. The Incas had a policy of forcibly moving people from one region of the empire to another, thereby diversifying the population and dispersing possible opposition to their rule. The resettlement policy was called
640:
He is the current mayor of Saraguro canton and is the first Indigenous person occupying that position despite Saraguro being a district with the highest Indigenous population in the Southern region of Ecuador.
533:
Macas has honorary university degrees in anthropology, linguistics and jurisprudence. He was one of the founders of the CONAIE and of the Pachakutik Movement, and was member of the National Congress of Ecuador.
670:(2010) (Saraguro: A History Written with Inka Blood) traces the roots of the origins of the Saraguro people by combining anthropological data with Inkan cosmovision in consultation with the Saraguro people.
484:
between 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) and 2,800 metres (9,200 ft). Traditionally they are farmers and livestock herders. A shortage of land in their homeland has led many to migrate eastward into the
309:
dialect, is also spoken and language revitalization efforts are being implemented. Likewise, the Saraguro have retained much of their land, customs and traditional dress. According to the
394:
inhabits the Saraguro parish and páramos and its symbols represented in costumes continue to be present in the Kapak Raymi (the Great Celebration) celebrations in Saraguro.
313:'s 2010 population census, the total population of Saraguro canton is 30,183, but that total includes both the Indigenous and non-Indigenous people living in Saraguro.
449:
Girdle: It is a garment that holds the anaco and the skirt, it also represents the fertility of women and the protection of the womb. The designs must match the shirt.
678:
These are external sources about the Saraguro people and geography as well as institutions where Saraguro intellectuals are or have contributed with their knowledge:
433:
Cloth or rebozo: It is a garment made with sheep's wool and dyed black, although currently it can also be found in blue and is used to cover oneself from the cold.
510:, decolonization, water protection, against polluting mining, Indigenous resurgence, legal pluralism, Indigenous Justice and autonomy from the Ecuadorian State.
1295:
1114:
344:. The ancestors of the modern-day Saraguro people, according to oral traditions, were moved to Saraguro by the Incas from other areas, possibly the
150:
1290:
553:
She has served as Secretary for Bilingual Education in the UniĂłn Nacional Educadores del Ecuador. She has authored several books, among them:
799:
715:
1285:
980:
620:“As ancestral peoples with their own autonomy, we do not accept anyone, that no government or company takes away our right to life”
1196:
127:
882:
75:
1257:
427:
Skirt: This goes under the anaco, it has embroidery on the edge that usually combines with the sash and the shirt or blouse
43:
1136:
1170:
406:
collaborated with them. More importantly, however, the Saraguros were required by the Spanish to maintain an important
486:
826:
Ogburn, Dennis J. (nd), "Incas Past and Present: Archaeology and the Indigenous Saraguros of Southern Ecuador",
336:
In the 1460s the Inca empire conquered the Saraguro area. The pre-Inca people may have been the barely-known
1221:
Volinsky, N (2003). "Standing up: Violin performance technique and ethnic resurgence in Saraguro, Ecuador".
446:
Shirt or blouse: This garment stands out for the embroideries that can currently be found in various designs
407:
908:
770:"Relación medio-comunidad a través del estudio del programa kawsaypura yachanakushun en el cantón Saraguro"
1067:
1036:
1014:
587:
He is a sociologist and has written several academic articles on interculturality and plurinationality.
462:
Belt: It is made of leather, with gold knobs and other decorations that represent the wealth of the man.
387:
557:
Ecuador Chinchasuyupi Quichuacunapac Ă‘aupa Rimai = Literatura IndĂgena En Los Andes Del Sur Del Ecuador
1300:
1089:
310:
1238:
986:
831:
687:
I.C.C.I (Instituto CientĂfico de Culturas IndĂgenas--Scientific Institute of Indigenous Cultures)
562:
497:
Saraguro girl taking a selfie with the Wikis during a Kapak Raymi celebration in December 2017
868:
La Cultura espiritual: una resistencia de los Saraguros en la actualidad. Las ofrendas florales
556:
1130:
976:
306:
1230:
968:
940:
Belote, Jim and Belote, Linda S. (1999), "The Saraguros, 1962-1997: A Very Brief Overview",
625:
507:
294:
255:
563:
Cultura espiritual:Una resistencia de los Saraguros en la actualidad: Las Ofrendas Florales
616:
the exercise of Indigenous justice to harmonize the balance of life within the community.
468:
Zamarro: Made of white wool that covers only the front part, from the ankles to the waist.
282:
132:
120:
513:
1151:
612:
390:), which has black and white feathers and was a symbolic bird of the Inca royalty. The
493:
397:
1279:
1242:
349:
316:
The Saraguro may be the descendants of people re-settled from distant regions in the
286:
215:
744:
653:
345:
337:
269:
769:
568:
1018:
746:
Language revitalization processes and prospects: Quichua in the Ecuadorian Andes
430:
Hat: Woolen and white with black designs, it can weigh up to a pound and a half.
317:
581:
990:
696:
565:(Spiritual Culture: A Contemporary Saraguro Resistance: The Flowers Offering)
527:
471:
Shoes: They didn't wear shoes until the 1950s, but now their shoes are black.
90:
77:
379:
366:
328:
115:
1234:
341:
843:
Belote, Jim and Belote, Linda (2004), "The Incas in the Saraguro Region",
1037:"Bilingual and Intercultural Education, Perspectives and Current Reality"
571:(The Fifth Governor of the Saraguros: Social and Organizational History)
577:
Bilingual and Intercultural Education, Perspectives and Current Reality
941:
844:
749:. Clevedon, UK;Buffalo, N.Y: Multilingual Matters LTD. pp. 185–190
290:
187:
601:
362:
569:
El Quinto Gobernador de los Saraguros: Historia Social y Organizativa
302:
251:
972:
963:
Syring, David (2014). "The Blended Life in a Transnational World".
870:(1 ed.). Ecuador: Cuenca: Grafisum Cia. Ltda. pp. 30–33.
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632:
pre-candidate of his party for the presidential election in 2017.
512:
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481:
396:
370:
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832:
https://web.stanford.edu/dept/archaeology/journal/07Ogburn.pdf
681:
597:
965:
With the Saraguros: The blended life in a transnational world
686:
480:
Most of the Saraguros live at intermediate elevations in the
691:
1060:"Mi historia es un proceso que no tiene principio ni fin…"
1117:(in Spanish). Archived from the original on 13 March 2018
1011:
Comuneros: Community and Indigeneity in Saraguro, Ecuador
697:
Behind scenes--Saraguro: Historia Escrita con Sangre Inka
559:(Indigenous Literature in the Southern Andes of Ecuador)
1197:"Abel Sarango, el primer alcalde indĂgena en Saraguro"
682:
Amawtay Wasi Pluriversity (Pluriversidad Amawtay Wasi)
506:
Saraguro activists and intellectuals are fighting for
459:
Poncho: Black wool that is used mostly in gala events.
281:
is a people of the Kichwa nation most of whom live in
967:. Austin: University of Texas Press. pp. 37–65.
1171:"Carmen Lozano del pueblo Kichwa, Saraguro, Ecuador"
909:"Academic freedom and Indigenous peoples in Ecuador"
369:(the northern capital of the Incas), and onward to
261:
245:
225:
205:
195:
172:
157:
126:
114:
106:
23:
439:Wallka is a multi-colored fabric made with beads.
847:, accessed 24 Mar 2017; Ogburn (nd), pp. 141-143
768:Martinez, M; Paladines, F; Yaguache, J (2008).
332:A Saraguro woman wearing a traditional dress.
1030:
1028:
8:
522:Saraguro Political Leaders and Intellectuals
143:
881:Oviedo Freire, Atawallpa (27 August 2014).
436:Earrings and tendrils have crescent shapes.
1004:
1002:
1000:
668:Saraguro: Historia Escrita con Sangre Inka
149:
142:
20:
424:Anaco: made out of wool most of the time
707:
125:
113:
105:
70:
36:
1128:
1035:Bacacela Gualan, Sisa Pacari (2013).
866:Bacacela Gualán, Sisa Pacari (2010).
7:
1258:"Saraguro: historia con sangre Inka"
942:http://www.saraguro.org/overview.htm
845:http://www.saraguro.org/archinka.htm
320:in the 15th and early 16th century.
173:Regions with significant populations
1070:from the original on 10 August 2019
602:The Education Paradigm of Abya Yala
465:Pants: Black that goes to the knee.
14:
228:
208:
180:
50:
49:
42:
1296:Indigenous peoples of the Andes
883:"El colonialismo sigue intacto"
828:Stanford Journal of Archaeology
1058:Bacacela, Sisa (15 May 2022).
1:
1291:Indigenous peoples in Ecuador
1150:Caron, Mona (13 March 2018).
365:that stretched from Cuzco to
163:
110:2,518 m (8,261 ft)
598:Pluriversity "Amawtay Wasi"
591:Luis Fernando Sarango Macas
538:Sisa Pacari Bacacela Gualan
293:. Although most now speak
1317:
800:"FasĂculo Provincial Loja"
716:"FasĂculo Provincial Loja"
267:Andean Kichwa Cosmovision
1135:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
907:Martinez, Carmen (2016).
487:Zamora-Chinchipe Province
414:Clothing of the saraguros
348:or other people from the
266:
250:
177:
162:
148:
71:
37:
30:
1286:Ethnic groups in Ecuador
1090:"Inti Cartuche Vacacela"
953:Belote and Belote (1999)
856:Ogburn (nd), pp. 142-149
1152:"las Mujeres/The Women"
1115:"Luis Fernando Sarango"
1009:Stanger, James (2011).
517:500 Years of Resistance
1235:10.1080/08949460310020
944:, accessed 24 Mar 2017
834:, accessed 24 Mar 2017
743:King, Kendall (2001).
658:
582:Inti Cartuche Vacacela
518:
498:
476:Contemporary Saraguros
402:
333:
32:Town and Kichwa people
18:Town and Kichwa people
656:
516:
502:Contemporary Activism
496:
401:Carunculated Caracara
400:
388:carunculated caracara
331:
1260:. Diario el Mercurio
574:Article in English:
191: 30,183 (2010)
91:3.62222°S 79.23972°W
1223:Visual Anthropology
1064:spacari.blogspot.ca
1013:. pp. 84–113.
657:Saraguro metal band
145:
96:-3.62222; -79.23972
87: /
63:Location in Ecuador
1256:El Mercurio, AGN.
659:
519:
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403:
334:
1195:La Hora, Diario.
887:La Linea de Fuego
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274:
138:
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1308:
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1229:(2–3): 315–340.
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1212:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1169:Lozano, Carmen.
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1147:
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626:Salvador Quishpe
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508:food sovereignty
238:
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158:Total population
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1120:
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1098:
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1083:
1073:
1071:
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629:
610:
593:
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551:
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531:
524:
504:
478:
416:
326:
283:Saraguro Canton
268:
229:
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209:
207:
206:
181:
179:
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144:Saraguro people
141:
95:
93:
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81:
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67:
66:
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61:
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33:
26:
19:
12:
11:
5:
1314:
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1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
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1248:
1213:
1187:
1161:
1142:
1106:
1094:Google Scholar
1081:
1066:(in Spanish).
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1024:
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991:10.7560/760936
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973:10.7560/760936
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10:
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1175:Alianza MILPA
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982:9780292760936
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774:Palabra Clave
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608:Carmen Lozano
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72:Coordinates:
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29:
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