654:
199:
674:. Once the gods have taken the spiritual essence of the offering, people may consume the earthly remains. The head of a household or the individual who wants to gain the favor of the gods usually performs the ritual. In many villages, a person, usually an older man believed to have special knowledge of the gods, may be asked to choose an auspicious day for weddings or other important events, or for household rites.
255:
986:
725:), who is responsible for making all the sacrifices to village gods. He also supervises communal houses and officiates at the construction of any new houses. When a ritual practitioner dies, one of his sons is elected by the married men of the village to be his successor. If he has no sons, then one of his brother's sons is chosen.
71:
732:) are very important to the Lamet because they look out for the well-being of the entire household. They live in the house, and no activity is undertaken without informing them of it. The spirits of the ancestors are fond of buffalos; thus buffalo skulls or horns from sacrifices are hung at the altar of the ancestors or under the
1127:
Yoshihisa
Shirayama, Samlane Phompida, Chushi Kuroiwa, 2006. p. 622, quote: " Approximately 60 to 65% of the population, most of whom are Lao Lum (people of the lowlands) follow Theravada Buddhism. About 30% of the population, on the other hand, hold an animist belief system called "Sadsana Phee"
394:(ຜີດິບ, ผีดิบ). Deities associated with specific places such as the household, the river, or a grove of trees are neither inherently benevolent nor evil, and occasional offerings ensure their favor and assistance in human affairs. Lowland Thai and Lao villages believe they are protected by the
545:
The temple in Tai folk religion has various forms and names. Tai Ahom has the system of sacred worship place named Sheng Ruen. Most people pay respect to the deities that reside in temples, who are thought to protect the general vicinity of the temple from harm. These temples are essentially
501:(ບາສີ, , บายศรี, ) ceremonies are sometimes performed for the benefit of an individual, with the aim of properly re-binding such "khwan" body-spirits back to one's body, as the unintentional loosening of such bonds is believed to possibly risk illness or harm. The
374:(ຜີແຖນ, ผีแถน). Gods are ubiquitous, with some of them being associated with the universal elements: heaven, earth, fire, and water. Guardian angels of people often include ancestors or angelic-beings who arrive at various points in life, better known as
370:(ຫລັກເມືອງ, หลักเมือง, ) of towns are celebrated and propitiated with communal gatherings and offerings of food. Gods of animist derivation are included in the Satsana Phi pantheon of gods, as well as several indigenous pre-buddhist gods called
514:
ceremony can also be performed to welcome guests to one's home, before and after making a long trip, as a curing ritual or after recovery from an illness. The rite is also the central ritual for both the Lao Loum wedding ceremony and for the
484:
has the ritual known as Rik-Khwan which literally means calling the khwan (Rik= to call, Khwan= Vitality). Khwans are called for vitality at various stages such as for a village it's called Mueang Khwan Ban while for a
509:
to return to one's self to bestow health, prosperity, and well-being on the affected participant. During such ceremonies, cotton strings are often tied around a participant's wrists to keep the spirits in place. The
589:, the shaman is often consulted during times of trouble, hauntings, and illness or other misfortune that might be caused by malevolent or unhappy spirits. They are also usually present during religious festivals.
398:, which requires an annual offering to ensure the continued prosperity of the village. The village ritual specialist presides over this major ritual, which in the past often involved the sacrifice of a
550:, and candles are given, and the spirits are consulted during times of change or hardship for protection and assistance. Natural deities include those that reside in trees, mountains, or forests.
1380:
495:: At certain special occasions during the course of an individual's life, such as before a pending marriage, a job change, or at other times of high uncertainty, certain
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miniature shrines, built to represent the presence of the deity of the shrine, just as a full size shrine is meant to represent such a "presence." Offerings of flowers,
1218:
Placzek, Kanittanan, James, Wilaiwan (1986). "Historical and contemporary meaning of Thai khwan: The use of lexical meaning change as an indicator of cultural change".
418:
believe Khwan as the element of vitality and longevity. It is the belief system features thirty-two typically protective khwan in various parts of the body. Khwan is a
1280:
1245:
887:"...the ancient religion of Tais of Moung Mao, the present Yunnan province of China..The religion of the Tais is based primarily on the cult of ancestor worship..."(
617:) follow Tai folk religion traditionally. Approximately 30% of the Laos population are followers of Tai folk religion however due to force of the state religion
489:
or country it's called Rik Khwan Mueang Khwan. Rik khwan are performed in three main types i.e. Leng Phun Rik khwan, Cham Phun Rik khon and Ha-Phun Rik khwan.
358:, or other types of angels. Such deities often interact with the world of the living, at times protecting people, and at other times seeming to cause harm.
406:(feed the village spirit) also serves an important social function by reaffirming the village boundaries and the shared interests of all villagers.
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of Bassac have the belief system that Khwan of living person transform to Phi after death. Guardian deities of places, such as the
318:. For the followers, worshipping ancestors is very important, although each ethnic group has different practices and beliefs. The
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1406:
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The house spirit is particularly important, and spirits of wild places are to be avoided or barred from the village.
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has the same belief in phi, khwan and ancestor worship. They offer chicken and a traditional rice beer, known as
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the Tai folk religion is still not recognised properly by the pro-buddhist government. Among the Lao, the
294:. It is a syncretic mixture of Buddhist and Tai folk practices with local traditional beliefs in mainland
1037:. Secretary General, 17th International Association of Historians of Asia Conference. 2004. p. 728.
55:
1401:
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749:
571:, specialists in the rituals and in communication with their personal angels and gods in general. Using
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Childbirth and
Tradition in Northeast Thailand. Copenhagen, Denmark: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies.
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Ahoms have priestly clans known as Molung. There are three divisions: Mo-sam, Mo-hung, and Mo-Plong.
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has the tradition of Min-khwan that's notion of prosperity and luck. The word Min is also used by
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835:"...the ancient religion of Tais of Moung Mao, the present Yunnan province of China.."(
809:"...the ancient religion of Tais of Moung Mao, the present Yunnan province of China.."(
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Tai folk religion is primarily based on deities such as Phi, Khwan, Dam (ancestors).
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848:"..The religion of the Tais is based primarily on the cult of ancestor worship..."(
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regarding behavior in the house are observed to avoid offending ancestral spirits.
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by Dioi. Various rituals are performed by various Tai groups to worship the Khwan.
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of people who were bad in past lives or died of tragic deaths, such as the ghastly
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and is still an occasion for closing the village to any outsiders for a day. To
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Ceremonies devoted to the gods commonly involve an offering of a chicken and
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still practiced by various Tai groups. Tai folk religion was dominant among
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Malaria
Control Alongside "Sadsana-Phee" (Animist Belief System) in Lao PDR
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beliefs traditionally and historically practiced by groups of ethnic
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Shamanism: an encyclopedia of world beliefs, practices, and culture
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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have similar beliefs, and each village must have one ritualist (
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Walter, M., Fridman, E., Jacoby, J., & Kibbee, J. (2007).
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354:(ຜີ, ผี, ). These deities of Tai folk religion can also be
1224:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. pp. 146–166.
202:
Inner hall of the shrine of the god of Bo Lek Nam Phi, in
1259:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 27–28.
1165:
Yoshihisa
Shirayama, Samlane Phompida, Chushi Kuroiwa.
567:(mo-phi ໝໍຜີ, หมอผี), "tellers", are locally trained
575:, sacred objects imbued with supernatural power, or
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1291:The Way of the Gods Polytheism(s) Around the World
1138:International Religious Freedom Report 2007 – Laos
290:. This cult of ancestor worship was borrowed from
797:
1253:Fox,Creak,Rathie, Martin,Simon,Martin (2023).
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1171:Modern Medicine and Indigenous Health Beliefs
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422:word with various linguistical tones such as
164:Ethnic religion of Tai ethnic groups such as
8:
1279:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1244:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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525:: Khwan culture is an essential part of the
314:The Tai folk religion is primarily based on
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605:In case of Ahom the three priestly clans (
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1180:The Tais of Assam and Ancient Tai Ritual
1202:Tai ahom religion a philosophical study
1035:Proceedings of the 17th IAHA Conference
970:Ireson, W. Randall. "Animism in Laos".
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537:(Red Tai) that's alternative to Khwan.
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701:, in the Ancestor Worship ceremony of
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1429:Indigenous Philippine folk religions
645:is influenced by Tai folk religion.
1090:. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, Inc.
641:are predominantly folk religious.
390:(ຜີປອບ, ผีปอบ) and the vampirical
366:(ຜີວັດ, ผีวัด) of temples and the
25:
1191:Religion in Burma, A.D. 1000-1300
984:
976:(Andrea Matles Savada, editor).
579:, possessions, and rituals like
278:Tai folk religion originated in
663:rite conducted by a family in
1:
1407:Northeast China folk religion
1256:Historical Dictionary of Laos
1199:Gogoi, Shrutashwinee (2011).
505:rite calls on all thirty-two
346:Within the Tai folk religion
1507:
1288:Butler, Edward P. (2022).
686:
563:A class of priests called
286:and is primarily based on
1315:Lao Heritage Foundation:
1173:, Vol 37 No. 4 July 2006.
981:Federal Research Division
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1486:Ethnic religions in Asia
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1075:Placzek, Kanittanan 1986
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585:(ລຳຜີຟ້າ, ลำผีฟ้า, ) or
736:of the house. Numerous
334:the Lao Loum call them
1177:Terwiel, B.J. (1981).
705:(Ancestor Spirit) and
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378:. Malevolent spirits (
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222:is the ancient native
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1402:Chinese folk religion
973:A country study: Laos
798:Fox,Creak,Rathie 2023
770:Muong ethnic religion
750:Chinese folk religion
687:Further information:
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238:until the arrival of
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1471:Religion in Thailand
951:Poulsen, A. (2007).
519:of a newborn child.
978:Library of Congress
728:Ancestral spirits (
316:Ancestor veneration
288:ancestor veneration
1188:Tun, Than (1959).
709:(Village Spirit).
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204:Uttaradit Province
56:/sàːt.sa.nǎː.pʰǐː/
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1419:Tai folk religion
1231:978-9971-988-20-3
765:Yao folk religion
442:(ຂວັນ, ขวัญ) and
356:ancestral spirits
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292:Confucianism
277:
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190:Central Thai
75:Traditional
38:
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1481:Tai history
531:Thai people
350:are called
272:Tai peoples
216:Satsana Phi
110:Satsana Phi
18:Satsana Phi
1460:Categories
1386:Folk saint
1160:References
1150:Gogoi 2011
1104:Gogoi 2011
1062:Gogoi 2011
1009:Gogoi 2011
920:Gogoi 2011
902:Gogoi 2011
889:Gogoi 2011
863:Gogoi 2011
850:Gogoi 2011
837:Gogoi 2011
824:Gogoi 2011
811:Gogoi 2011
730:mbrong n'a
678:Variations
649:Ceremonies
635:Lao Theung
601:Population
582:lam phi fa
416:Tai people
368:lak mueang
332:hrooy, and
330:call them
232:Tai people
228:Tai people
206:, Thailand
1381:Mormonism
1275:cite book
1240:cite book
672:rice wine
665:Vientiane
523:Min-Khwan
478:Rik-Khwan
456:White Tai
380:phi phetu
372:phi thien
310:Ancestors
120:Ban Phi (
1320:Ceremony
744:See also
639:Lao Sung
627:Lao Loum
619:Buddhism
615:Mo'Plong
482:Tai-Ahom
464:Tai-Nùng
440:Thai-Lao
428:Tai-Ahom
324:Phi Dam,
320:Tai Ahom
268:Buddhist
260:Lao Loum
244:Hinduism
240:Buddhism
139:Language
116:Tai-Ahom
77:Tai Ahom
44:ສາສະໜາຜີ
1205:(PhD).
707:Ban-Phi
703:Phi Dam
631:Lao Lom
611:Mo'hung
573:trances
569:shamans
554:Priests
548:incense
541:Temples
444:Tai-Lue
396:phi ban
392:phi dip
388:phi pob
376:thewada
364:phi wat
360:Tai-Lao
348:deities
302:Deities
264:Lao Lom
250:History
220:Ban Phi
52:ศาสนาผี
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507:khwan
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284:China
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