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measured aeroballistics, which confirmed values of aerodynamic characteristics such as stability and performance; propulsion, which ensured the engines could provide enough thrust to propel the vehicle at the correct velocity and trajectory, as well as provide data on the performance of all eight engines during flight; structural and mechanical, which provided measurements of the vehicle's stress and vibration levels through all phases of flight; and guidance and control, which demonstrated that spacecraft systems could accurately provide orientation and velocity information.
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reaching a maximum velocity of 4,046 miles per hour (6,511 km/h). The vehicle continued to coast to an altitude of 103.91 miles (167.22 km) and range of 131.36 miles (211.41 km), at which point, 4 minutes 52 seconds after launch, officials sent a terminate command to the rocket, setting off several charges which caused the dummy stages of the vehicle to destruct. The first stage remained intact, though uncontrolled, until it impacted the
Atlantic Ocean around 270 miles (430 km) from its launch site.
27:
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At 2 minutes 33.66 seconds after launch, the rockets fired for about 2.1 seconds. A minor misalignment of the rockets caused a 4.3 degree per second roll of the vehicle, which caused the spacecraft's ST-90 and ST-124P inertial platforms to fail after 15 degrees of rotation. This was considered incidental to the flight and did not impact mission success.
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The test of the booster involved the propulsion system, structural design, and control systems. The ground support test involved the facilities and equipment used in the launch, including propellant systems, automatic checkout equipment, launch platform, and support towers. The vehicle in flight test
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that fed information to control computers. Once out of the atmosphere, this information provided steering signals to the gimbaled engines. During SA-3, this platform was an inactive component; while functioning and monitored during the flight, it had no control over the vehicle, and was used only to
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on Apollo hardware. These were the only functional part on SA-3 of what would become the S-I/S-IV stage separation system, which would separate the two stages in later missions. These four small solid rockets were located 90 degrees apart around the top of the S-I stage, with their nozzles aimed up.
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For
Project Highwater, tanks in SA-3's dummy upper stages were filled with 192,528 pounds (87,329 kg) of water, approximately 22,900 US gallons (87,000 L; 19,100 imp gal), which was used to simulate the mass of future Saturn payloads. The water was divided roughly in half between
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Two new transmitters were included on SA-3. The pulse code modulated (PCM) data link transmitted digital data, which would be vital to providing automated spacecraft checkout and launch procedures on future flights. The unit operated with high signal strength, indicating that it would provide very
433:(UHF) radio link was also tested on SA-3. It would be used to transmit sensor measurements which could not be effectively transmitted at lower frequencies. The system performed satisfactorily, and post-flight documentation indicated engineers may expand its role for future telemetry transmission.
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As mentioned earlier, SA-3 was the first Apollo flight to carry a full load of propellant, compared to earlier flights that carried approximately 83% of maximum capacity. This had the effect of testing the rocket's reaction to slower acceleration and extended first stage flight time. Also on this
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program, in which two aluminum panels were mounted to the payload adapter atop the S-V stage and equipped with 11 pressure sensors. This study was performed due to the failure of the first
Centaur vehicle flown, suspected to result from an adverse pressure environment around the shoulder of the
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The vehicle's four inner H-1 engines shut down at 2 minutes 21.66 seconds after launch and an altitude of 38.19 miles (61.46 km), and its four outer engines shut down at 2 minutes 29.09 seconds and 44.19 miles (71.11 km); both sets burned slightly longer than was initially estimated,
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NASA declared all engineering goals of the flight as achieved, despite occasional issues with telemetry during flight and some measurement data being unusable or only partially usable. Project
Highwater on SA-3 was also declared successful, though again, telemetry issues produced questionable
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charges split both stages longitudinally, instantly releasing its load of water. The experiment was tracked by cameras and other equipment on the ground and in aircraft. Observers at Cape
Canaveral reported that the ice cloud was visible for about three seconds and was "several miles across".
306:. The only hold in the countdown sequence was for 45 minutes due to a power failure in ground support equipment. This mission was the first time the Saturn I rocket was launched with a full load of propellant, carrying approximately 750,000 pounds (340,000 kg) of fuel.
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around twice that predicted was encountered. On the interstage, during retrorocket firing, a maximum temperature of 315 °C (599 °F) was seen, indicating something unknown may have caused an abnormally high reading.
443:. These were used to detect temperature changes around protuberances on the stage's skin and in the area of the retrorockets during operation. For the S-IV stage, temperatures were within expected levels, though a
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The main objectives of SA-3 were much the same as the previous two Saturn I flights in that it was primarily a test of the first-stage booster (S-I) and its H-1 engines. According to the NASA report
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compare performance with the then-standard ST-90 platform, which was also an inactive component for the flight. For this mission, both platforms were located on the interstage between S-I and S-IV;
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A Block II antenna panel was tested during flight. Located between propellant tanks, it provided stronger and more consistent signal strength than the Block I panel.
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report states that ten special tests were included in the SA-3 flight, all focused on technologies and procedures intended for use on future Apollo missions.
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Finally, a new 240-foot (73 m) umbilical tower and Block II swing arm were used for the first time in preparation for future Block II Saturn I flights.
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338:. This involved the intentional release of ballast water from the second and third stages which allowed scientists to investigate the nature of Earth's
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that moved over the
Florida peninsula. The dummy second and third stages (S-IV and S-V) and payload were assembled on the booster on September 24.
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Temperature measurements of the S-IV dummy stage and interstage fairing were carried out with eighteen temperature probes, called
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on
September 19, 1962, but erection of the first-stage booster onto its launch pedestal was delayed until September 21 due to a
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vehicle. The test found that a very low pressure region formed just behind the shoulder while the vehicle was at Mach 0.7.
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832:. NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center. p. 9. Technical Note D-2002; Accession number N64-14392. Archived from
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551:. NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center. February 26, 1964. Report MPR-SAT-64-13; Accession number N74-72257.
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through the new insulation compared to the material normally used on Saturn I Block I flights.
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A single panel of Block II M-31 heat shield insulation, along with one of the spacecraft's
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The Saturn I launch vehicle components were delivered to Cape
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mission, the outboard engines were allowed to fire until depletion of the rocket's
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The fourth objective, Project
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634:. NASA. p. 382. Special Publication 4205; Accession number N79-28203.
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the two dummy stages. When the terminate command was sent to the rocket,
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794:. Special publication 4206; Accession number N97-15592. Archived from
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815:. NASA. pp. 12–13. MTP-ASTR-S-63-15; Accession number N65-35311.
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Saturn-Apollo 3 was launched at 17:45:02 on
November 16, 1962, from
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Brooks, Courtney G; Grimwood, James M; Swenson, Jr, Loyd S (1979).
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An Aerodynamic Analysis of Saturn I Block I Flight Test Vehicles
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Moonport: A History of Apollo Launch Facilities and Operations
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water was loaded into the dummy stages on October 31, and the
583:. NASA. Special Publication 4204; Accession number N79-12127.
384:(LOX), rather than the timed cut-offs of previous flights.
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Chariots for Apollo: A History of Manned Lunar Spacecraft
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Results of the Third Saturn 1 Launch Vehicle Test Flight
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Results of the Third Saturn 1 Launch Vehicle Test Flight
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Woodbridge, David D; Lasater, James A (March 6, 1965).
251:. The rocket was launched on November 16, 1962, from
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Benson, Charles D; Faherty, William Barnaby (1978).
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718:. Associated Press. November 17, 1962. p. 3A.
689:. Associated Press. November 17, 1962. p. 48.
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467:A dynamic pressure study was conducted for the
660:. Vol. 82, no. 2802. pp. 827–8.
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735:An Analysis of Project High Water Data
1790:Spacecraft launched by Saturn rockets
243:launch vehicle, the second flight of
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1416:50th Anniversary commemorative coins
826:Garcia, Fernando S (February 1964).
387:SA-3 also featured the first use of
738:. NASA. Accession number N65-21330.
809:Seltzer, S M (November 14, 1963).
492:from websites or documents of the
346:and the behavior of ice in space.
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575:"Saturn I Launches (1962 – 1965)"
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677:"Saturn Sets Third Test Success"
488: This article incorporates
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452:Engineering and ground equipment
279:fuel was loaded on November 14.
1668:Apollo Lunar Sounder Experiment
421:vehicles would have one on the
78:167.22 km (103.91 mi)
70:211.41 km (131.36 mi)
62:4 minutes, 52 seconds
1493:"Houston, we've had a problem"
982:Cape Kennedy Air Force Station
239:) was the third flight of the
1:
1736:Stolen and missing Moon rocks
1509:Modular Equipment Transporter
812:Saturn IB/V Astrionics System
706:"Saturn 3 A Mighty Moon Step"
597:Ryba, Jeanne (July 8, 2009).
16:Third flight of the Saturn I
1673:Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey
997:Manned Space Flight Network
778:Bilstein, Roger E (1996) .
247:, and part of the American
178:November 16, 1962, 17:49:54
124:November 16, 1962, 17:45:02
31:SA-3 at liftoff from Pad 34
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784:. NASA. pp. 248–249.
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914:List of Apollo astronauts
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1592:Postal covers incident
1582:Hadley Rille meteorite
1456:Bench Crater meteorite
977:Mission Control Center
490:public domain material
425:atop the S-IVB stage.
182:1962-11-16UTC17:49:55Z
128:1962-11-16UTC17:45:02Z
1401:Lunar sample displays
857:at Wikimedia Commons
654:"Third Saturn Launch"
599:"Saturn Test Flights"
91:Spacecraft properties
1651:Lunar sample display
1641:Nansen-Apollo crater
1068:Lunar Roving Vehicle
1044:Spacecraft and rover
992:Kennedy Space Center
658:Flight International
431:ultra high frequency
292:Cuban Missile Crisis
1780:1962 in spaceflight
1514:Fra Mauro formation
1475:Streptococcus mitis
987:Crawler-transporter
609:on October 25, 2012
269:tropical depression
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1656:Lunar basalt 70017
1617:Apollo 17 specific
1601:Apollo 16 specific
1533:Apollo 15 specific
1502:Apollo 14 specific
1486:Apollo 13 specific
1432:Apollo 12 specific
1423:In popular culture
1391:Little West crater
1358:Apollo 11 specific
429:accurate data. An
344:noctilucent clouds
67:Distance travelled
1785:Test spaceflights
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1396:Goodwill messages
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288:Wernher von Braun
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1566:Fallen Astronaut
1545:Lunar operations
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1406:Missing tapes
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1399:
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1387:
1386:Double crater
1384:
1382:
1379:
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1373:Lunar Module
1371:
1369:
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1013:Little Joe II
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805:
802:
797:
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791:0-16-048909-1
787:
783:
782:
774:
771:
759:
755:
754:"Saturn SA-3"
752:Bell II, Ed.
748:
746:
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441:thermocouples
437:
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395:
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390:
385:
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382:liquid oxygen
374:
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362:
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356:
353:
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345:
342:, as well as
341:
337:
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328:
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289:
285:
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
258:
256:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
234:
224: →
223:
222:Saturn I SA-4
218:
217:Saturn I SA-2
215:←
207:
202:
198:
193:
176:
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77:
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69:
65:
61:
57:
54:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
28:
23:
1762:
1715:Apollo–Soyuz
1636:Tracy's Rock
1623:
1572:Genesis Rock
1564:
1474:
1465:
1374:
1366:
1341:
1219:
1061:Lunar Module
847:
834:the original
828:
821:
811:
804:
796:the original
780:
773:
761:. Retrieved
757:
734:
709:
687:Montreal, QC
680:
657:
630:
623:
611:. Retrieved
607:the original
602:
579:
547:
482:
474:
466:
458:calorimeters
455:
445:heating rate
438:
435:
427:
399:
389:retrorockets
386:
378:
368:
366:
357:
348:
333:
329:
324:
322:
308:
301:
281:
264:
262:
236:
232:
231:
41:Mission type
1686:capsule use
1683:Post-Apollo
1577:Great Scott
1477:on the Moon
1473:Reports of
1467:Moon Museum
1255:Abort tests
1203:development
682:The Gazette
255:, Florida.
148:Launch site
121:Launch date
96:Launch mass
44:Test flight
1769:Categories
1519:Big Bertha
1444:Surveyor 3
479:References
406:gyroscopes
375:Propulsion
340:ionosphere
314:Objectives
284:Kurt Debus
186: UTC
101:short tons
1608:Big Muley
1524:Moon tree
1343:Earthrise
1192:Apollo 17
1187:Apollo 16
1182:Apollo 15
1177:Apollo 14
1172:Apollo 13
1167:Apollo 12
1162:Apollo 11
1157:Apollo 10
1028:Saturn IB
716:Miami, FL
462:heat flux
415:Saturn IB
367:The NASA
359:results.
352:primacord
174:Destroyed
132: UTC
1795:Saturn I
1367:Columbia
1245:Apollo 6
1240:Apollo 4
1152:Apollo 9
1147:Apollo 8
1142:Apollo 7
1137:Apollo 1
1121:Apollo 6
1116:Apollo 5
1111:Apollo 4
1084:Uncrewed
1033:Saturn V
1023:Saturn I
758:NASA.gov
603:NASA.gov
419:Saturn V
241:Saturn I
141:Saturn I
49:Operator
1724:Related
1540:Journey
1305:flights
1303:Pegasus
1077:Flights
469:Centaur
369:Results
363:Special
319:Primary
273:Ballast
265:Promise
259:History
180: (
126: (
1693:Skylab
1461:J002E3
1322:AS-105
1317:AS-104
1312:AS-103
1235:AS-203
1201:Saturn
1130:Crewed
1106:AS-202
1101:AS-201
1096:AS-102
1091:AS-101
1018:Saturn
788:
763:May 9,
613:May 7,
298:Flight
137:Rocket
75:Apogee
1375:Eagle
1293:A-004
1283:A-003
1278:A-002
1273:A-001
155:LC-34
1230:SA-5
1225:SA-4
1220:SA-3
1215:SA-2
786:ISBN
765:2012
615:2012
417:and
408:and
400:The
336:SA-2
277:RP-1
237:SA-3
143:SA-3
53:NASA
1263:QTV
1771::
756:.
744:^
724:^
714:.
708:.
695:^
685:.
679:.
666:^
656:.
640:^
601:.
589:^
577:.
557:^
502:^
496:.
294:.
1708:4
1703:3
1698:2
950:B
945:A
883:e
876:t
869:v
767:.
617:.
235:(
194:)
190:(
184:)
130:)
103:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
