36:
455:. He was christened "Leslie Saunders MacLane", but "Leslie" fell into disuse because his parents, Donald MacLane and Winifred Saunders, came to dislike it. He began inserting a space into his surname because his first wife found it difficult to type the name without a space. He was the eldest of three brothers; one of his brothers, Gerald MacLane, also became a mathematics professor at
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and began what would become a fruitful collaboration on the interplay between algebra and topology. In 1944 and 1945, he directed
Columbia University's Applied Mathematics Group, which was involved in the war effort as a contractor for the
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In 1931, having earned his master's degree and feeling restless at
Chicago, he earned a fellowship from the Institute of International Education and became one of the last Americans to study at the
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494:, coached him for a local mathematics competition which he won, setting the direction for his future work. He went on to study mathematics and physics as a double major, taking courses from
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580:. By the time he finished his doctorate in 1934, Bernays had been forced to leave because he was Jewish, and Weyl became his main examiner. At Göttingen, Mac Lane also studied with
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in the 1950s, he initiated its activities aimed at improving the teaching of modern mathematics. He was a member of the
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for a lemma which is an essential background to many central concepts of category theory and which was discovered by
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In 1947, he accepted an offer to return to
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1320:(2013), "Chapter 4. Analysis and Algebra Meet Topology: Marston Morse, Hassler Whitney, and Saunders Mac Lane",
824:. From then on, it was possible to teach elementary modern algebra to undergraduates using an English text. His
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1444:(2007), "The Last Mathematician from Hilbert's Göttingen: Saunders Mac Lane as Philosopher of Mathematics",
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Mac Lane had an exemplary devotion to writing approachable texts, starting with his very influential
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644:) many other famous mathematicians and physicists had also recently moved. He traveled as a
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Proceedings of the
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to study the conditions affecting mathematics there. Mac Lane was elected to the
656:. MacLane succeeded Stone as department chair in 1952, and served for six years.
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1395:"Saunders Mac Lane (1909–2005): His Mathematical Life and Philosophical Works"
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1437:. With selected bibliography emphasizing Mac Lane's philosophical writings.
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prior to its decline under the Nazis. His greatest influences there were
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1140:"Saunders Mac Lane, 95, Pioneer of Algebra's Category Theory, Dies"
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From 1934 through 1938, Mac Lane held short-term appointments at
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in 1942, and in 1943 began his research on what are now called
231:
29:
1241:"Letters to the Editor: Corrections on Mac Lane's Article"
6634:
Members of the United States
National Academy of Sciences
830:
remains the definitive introduction to category theory.
859:
Proceedings of the Nat. Acad. of
Sciences of the USA 34
789:, and of some other mathematics as well, is the use of
640:, and in part because of the administrative efforts of
625:; the mathematics he worked on in this group concerned
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Harvard
University Department of Mathematics faculty
467:, but was kicked out of the church for believing in
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525:In 1929, at a party of Yale football supporters in
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1447:The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science
1271:National Science and Technology Medals Foundation
871:Rice Institute Pamphlet - Rice University Studies
3927:Mathematical, statistical, and computer sciences
781:in 1945. He is especially known for his work on
482:In high school, Mac Lane's favorite subject was
6639:Presidents of the American Mathematical Society
1012:Saunders Mac Lane: A Mathematical Autobiography
971:in Geometry and Logic: A First Introduction to
431:, was an American mathematician who co-founded
6629:Members of the American Philosophical Society
5916:
5369:
1612:
1189:, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, pp. 196–219
652:for the 1947–1948 term, where he worked with
8:
1583:Saunders Mac Lane, the Knight of Mathematics
479:and taught English, Latin, and mathematics.
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1597:
1212:"Mathematics at Göttingen under the Nazis"
993:"Mathematics at Gottingen under the Nazis"
785:. A recurring feature of category theory,
144:
133:
1459:
867:"Natural Associativity and Commutativity"
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
933:Categories for the Working Mathematician
857:1948, "Groups, categories and duality,"
827:Categories for the Working Mathematician
427:(August 4, 1909 – April 14, 2005), born
1628:United States National Medal of Science
1545:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
1052:
1506:New Dictionary of Scientific Biography
1291:Kinoshita, Yoshiki (April 23, 1996).
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
7:
6579:21st-century American mathematicians
6574:20th-century American mathematicians
1185:, eds. (1990), "Saunders Mac Lane",
58:adding citations to reliable sources
6624:National Medal of Science laureates
673:Mathematical Association of America
475:. His mother, Winifred, studied at
1210:MacLane, Saunders (October 1995).
27:American mathematician (1909–2005)
25:
1138:Pearce, Jeremy (April 21, 2005).
1101:"Some Recent Advances in Algebra"
451:, near where his family lived in
6569:People from Norwich, Connecticut
1293:"Prof. Nobuo Yoneda passed away"
1265:Clason, Lauren (July 31, 2020).
279:Steinitz–Mac Lane exchange lemma
34:
6564:Mathematicians from Connecticut
751:), having a single non-trivial
731:, and separability in infinite
45:needs additional citations for
6589:University of Göttingen alumni
953:Mathematics, Form and Function
777:, he and Eilenberg originated
762:. This work opened the way to
665:American Philosophical Society
271:Mac Lane's planarity criterion
1:
6619:University of Chicago faculty
5933:American Mathematical Society
1643:Behavioral and social science
1592:Mathematics Genealogy Project
1504:(2007), "Saunders Mac Lane",
938:Graduate Texts in Mathematics
669:American Mathematical Society
659:He was vice president of the
6584:University of Chicago alumni
707:at a conference in July 1992
685:National Academy of Sciences
661:National Academy of Sciences
1099:Mac Lane, Saunders (1939).
1060:Mac Lane, Saunders (1940).
797:) linking objects, such as
773:, the abstract approach to
769:After introducing, via the
671:. While presiding over the
533:, the new president of the
6665:
6609:Cornell University faculty
6186:Theophil Henry Hildebrandt
4531:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
841:A Survey of Modern Algebra
820:, coauthored in 1941 with
818:A Survey of Modern Algebra
687:in 1949, and received the
259:Mac Lane coherence theorem
5392:
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3932:
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3506:William Hayward Pickering
3342:
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2856:
2845:
1912:
1901:
1648:
1637:
771:Eilenberg–Steenrod axioms
689:National Medal of Science
623:Applied Mathematics Panel
418:
313:
307:National Medal of Science
143:
4955:Norman Foster Ramsey Jr.
4401:S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan
2032:Burrhus Frederic Skinner
1550:University of St Andrews
1330:Harvard University Press
1187:More Mathematical People
793:, consisting of arrows (
741:Eilenberg–MacLane spaces
735:. He started writing on
715:, his early work was in
443:Early life and education
6408:Cathleen Synge Morawetz
5980:Robert Simpson Woodward
5948:John Howard Van Amringe
5628:W. B. Raymond Lickorish
4266:Cathleen Synge Morawetz
2184:George Ledyard Stebbins
2105:James Augustine Shannon
1566:Photographs of Mac Lane
1510:Charles Scribner's Sons
1400:Philosophia Mathematica
1384:Biographical references
1200:Mac Lane (2005), pg. 6.
1179:Alexanderson, Gerald L.
1032:Foundations of geometry
891:Classics in Mathematics
667:, and president of the
570:University of Göttingen
531:Robert Maynard Hutchins
471:, and his father was a
429:Leslie Saunders MacLane
329:Algebraic number theory
288:Dorothy Jones (m. 1934)
275:Eilenberg–MacLane space
228:University of Göttingen
157:Leslie Saunders MacLane
6594:Yale University alumni
6063:Leonard Eugene Dickson
4723:Joseph O. Hirschfelder
4710:Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer
3666:Harry George Drickamer
3612:Hans Wolfgang Liepmann
3286:M. Frederick Hawthorne
3160:John D. Baldeschwieler
2400:Daniel E. Koshland Jr.
2082:Earl W. Sutherland Jr.
1556:Obituary press release
1413:10.1093/philmat/nki038
1037:PROP (category theory)
708:
677:National Science Board
627:differential equations
614:University of Michigan
555:calculus of variations
551:Leonard Eugene Dickson
6285:Charles B. Morrey Jr.
6277:Abraham Adrian Albert
6229:Gordon Thomas Whyburn
6122:Earle Raymond Hedrick
6106:George David Birkhoff
6047:Edward Burr Van Vleck
5556:Shreeram S. Abhyankar
5314:Sylvester James Gates
4700:William Alfred Fowler
4682:Robert Rathbun Wilson
4495:Robert Burns Woodward
3307:Geraldine L. Richmond
3055:Howard E. Simmons Jr.
2338:Rosalyn Sussman Yalow
2267:Vernon B. Mountcastle
2123:Sterling B. Hendricks
1940:Marshall W. Nirenberg
1935:Theodosius Dobzhansky
1783:William Julius Wilson
1560:University of Chicago
702:
610:University of Chicago
535:University of Chicago
527:Montclair, New Jersey
518:and co-authored with
477:Mount Holyoke College
447:Mac Lane was born in
351:University of Chicago
302:Leroy P. Steele Prize
219:University of Chicago
6599:American algebraists
6237:Raymond Louis Wilder
6055:Ernest William Brown
5798:David Shea Vela-Vick
5581:1983 No award given.
5578:1982 No award given.
5285:Warren M. Washington
5249:Fay Ajzenberg-Selove
5158:Jeremiah P. Ostriker
5103:Martin Schwarzschild
4884:Solomon J. Buchsbaum
4876:J. Robert Schrieffer
4846:E. Margaret Burbidge
4690:Nicolaas Bloembergen
4667:Arie Jan Haagen-Smit
4546:Vladimir K. Zworykin
4298:John Griggs Thompson
4221:Martin David Kruskal
4061:Kurt Otto Friedrichs
3534:Erwin Wilhelm Müller
3488:Ralph Brazelton Peck
3443:Jack St. Clair Kilby
3370:John Robinson Pierce
3337:Engineering sciences
3268:Jacqueline K. Barton
3123:George M. Whitesides
3042:Dudley R. Herschbach
2980:Richard B. Bernstein
2949:Walter H. Stockmayer
2497:Elizabeth F. Neufeld
2428:G. Evelyn Hutchinson
2318:Stanley Norman Cohen
2305:Rita Levi-Montalcini
2141:Keith Roberts Porter
2004:Alfred H. Sturtevant
1999:Michael Heidelberger
1971:Fritz Albert Lipmann
1536:Robertson, Edmund F.
1512:, pp. 237–251,
631:fire-control systems
500:Ernest William Brown
449:Norwich, Connecticut
267:Mac Lane's condition
54:improve this article
6130:Luther P. Eisenhart
6039:Henry Burchard Fine
6015:William Fogg Osgood
5964:George William Hill
5850:Vladimir Pozdnyakov
5648:Jonathan M. Borwein
5622:David Allen Hoffman
5335:Shirley Ann Jackson
5254:Charles P. Slichter
5098:Marshall Rosenbluth
5090:Wallace S. Broecker
5043:Eugene M. Shoemaker
4804:Victor F. Weisskopf
4751:Herbert S. Gutowsky
4733:Edgar Bright Wilson
4574:George Kistiakowsky
4192:Stephen Cole Kleene
3703:George H. Heilmeier
3690:Mildred Dresselhaus
3581:Edward H. Heinemann
3511:Frederick E. Terman
3475:Richard T. Whitcomb
3396:Clarence L. Johnson
3357:Theodore von Kármán
3244:Stephen J. Benkovic
3223:Mostafa A. El-Sayed
3210:Marvin H. Caruthers
3165:Ralph F. Hirschmann
3105:Darleane C. Hoffman
2995:Harden M. McConnell
2936:Frank H. Westheimer
2748:Stanley B. Prusiner
2712:Robert J. Lefkowitz
2471:Howard Martin Temin
2328:Maurice R. Hilleman
2323:Joseph L. Goldstein
2262:Donald A. Henderson
2179:Earl Reece Stadtman
2164:Elizabeth C. Crosby
2128:Orville Alvin Vogel
1958:Donald D. Van Slyke
1907:Biological sciences
1540:"Saunders Mac Lane"
1534:O'Connor, John J.;
1470:10.1093/bjps/axl030
1435:on January 13, 2013
1332:, pp. 86–115,
1267:"Saunders Mac Lane"
1177:Albers, Donald J.;
1105:Amer. Math. Monthly
1066:Amer. Math. Monthly
956:. Springer-Verlag.
355:Columbia University
263:Mac Lane set theory
173:, Connecticut, U.S.
69:"Saunders Mac Lane"
6604:Category theorists
6138:Arthur Byron Coble
6079:Gilbert Ames Bliss
5931:Presidents of the
5838:Daniel J. Velleman
5632:Kenneth C. Millett
5604:James H. Wilkinson
5207:G. Brent Dalrymple
5025:Arthur L. Schawlow
4932:James A. Van Allen
4823:Philip W. Anderson
4779:Richard P. Feynman
4705:Linus Carl Pauling
4340:Dennis P. Sullivan
3897:John B. Goodenough
3830:Edwin N. Lightfoot
3798:Yuan-Cheng B. Fung
3779:Kenneth N. Stevens
3547:Raymond D. Mindlin
3470:Harold E. Edgerton
3315:A. Paul Alivisatos
3194:Stephen J. Lippard
3173:Ernest R. Davidson
3110:Harold S. Johnston
2944:William S. Johnson
2908:George C. Pimentel
2743:Susan L. Lindquist
2725:Francis S. Collins
2619:Victor A. McKusick
2594:Francisco J. Ayala
2576:Nancy C. Andreasen
2526:Robert A. Weinberg
2300:Har Gobind Khorana
2285:Michael E. DeBakey
2272:George Emil Palade
2244:Wendell L. Roelofs
2234:Howard L. Bachrach
2064:Barbara McClintock
1966:Edward F. Knipling
1571:2013-05-24 at the
1248:Notices of the AMS
1219:Notices of the AMS
1144:The New York Times
1000:Notices of the AMS
783:coherence theorems
713:mathematical logic
711:After a thesis in
709:
606:Cornell University
602:Harvard University
559:Gilbert Ames Bliss
347:Cornell University
343:Harvard University
333:Algebraic topology
325:Mathematical logic
192:, California, U.S.
6541:
6540:
6352:Andrew M. Gleason
6309:Saunders Mac Lane
6253:Edward J. McShane
6178:Marshall H. Stone
6162:Griffith C. Evans
6146:Solomon Lefschetz
6023:Henry Seely White
5898:
5897:
5854:J. Michael Steele
5822:Susan H. Marshall
5794:Daniel Pomerleano
5774:Brian J. McCartin
5756:Andrew J. Simoson
5750:Günter M. Ziegler
5704:Carolyn S. Gordon
5586:R. Arthur Knoebel
5562:Neil J. A. Sloane
5550:W. Gilbert Strang
5504:Shiing-Shen Chern
5486:Joseph P. LaSalle
5464:Cornelius Lanczos
5428:Saunders Mac Lane
5404:T. H. Hildebrandt
5351:
5350:
5347:
5346:
5343:
5342:
5280:Esther M. Conwell
5220:Robert N. Clayton
5212:Riccardo Giacconi
5176:Raymond Davis Jr.
5064:Albert Overhauser
5007:Edwin M. McMillan
4968:Arnold O. Beckman
4945:Paul Ching-Wu Chu
4922:Paul C. Lauterbur
4899:Robert Hofstadter
4851:Maurice Goldhaber
4838:Charles H. Townes
4789:Edward M. Purcell
4756:Frederick Rossini
4610:Wolfgang Panofsky
4541:John H. Van Vleck
4457:Physical sciences
4447:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4409:Solomon W. Golomb
4369:Andrew J. Viterbi
4364:Leonard Kleinrock
4311:Calyampudi R. Rao
4279:Ronald R. Coifman
4187:George F. Carrier
4168:Donald C. Spencer
4163:Saunders Mac Lane
4098:Marshall H. Stone
4048:Shiing-Shen Chern
3955:Solomon Lefschetz
3917:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3854:David J. Wineland
3822:John M. Prausnitz
3763:C. Kumar N. Patel
3758:James L. Flanagan
3726:John Roy Whinnery
3713:H. Guyford Stever
3695:Nick Holonyak Jr.
3658:George W. Housner
3653:Willis M. Hawkins
3648:Daniel C. Drucker
3630:Robert Byron Bird
3622:Bernard M. Oliver
3529:Peter C. Goldmark
3516:Wernher von Braun
3462:George E. Mueller
3435:Nathan M. Newmark
3430:J. Presper Eckert
3409:Claude E. Shannon
3378:Charles S. Draper
3327:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3294:Judith P. Klinman
3178:Gábor A. Somorjai
3089:Isabella L. Karle
3076:George S. Hammond
3037:Gertrude B. Elion
2990:Rudolph A. Marcus
2841:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2767:Ralph L. Brinster
2686:Torsten N. Wiesel
2663:Norman E. Borlaug
2650:Solomon H. Snyder
2645:J. Michael Bishop
2604:Mario R. Capecchi
2484:Salome G. Waelsch
2415:E. Donnall Thomas
2290:Theodor O. Diener
2189:Paul Alfred Weiss
2017:Bernard B. Brodie
1953:George G. Simpson
1897:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1842:Michael I. Posner
1743:Eleanor J. Gibson
1695:George J. Stigler
1663:Neal Elgar Miller
1588:Saunders Mac Lane
1377:978-0-674-72655-0
1339:978-0-674-72500-3
1237:Segal, Sanford L.
899:978-0-387-58662-5
646:Guggenheim Fellow
638:Manhattan Project
563:Mortimer J. Adler
561:, and logic with
508:F. S. C. Northrop
473:Congregationalist
461:Purdue University
425:Saunders Mac Lane
422:
421:
401:Michael D. Morley
377:Doctoral students
315:Scientific career
138:Saunders Mac Lane
130:
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5762:Andrew Granville
5734:Edward B. Burger
5692:Michael I. Rosen
5652:Peter B. Borwein
5638:Steven G. Krantz
5574:Kenneth I. Gross
5544:Lawrence Zalcman
5458:Richard H. Bruck
5378:
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5355:
5163:Gilbert F. White
5108:George Wetherill
5002:Allan M. Cormack
4960:Jack Steinberger
4940:D. Allan Bromley
4889:H. Richard Crane
4866:Frederick Reines
4856:Helmut Landsberg
4771:George Uhlenbeck
4672:Vladimir Haensel
4634:Allan R. Sandage
4605:Herbert C. Brown
4587:Herbert Friedman
4513:Leon M. Lederman
4485:Julian Schwinger
4464:
4453:
4422:Alexandre Chorin
4396:Richard A. Tapia
4377:David B. Mumford
4205:Alberto Calderón
4150:Joseph B. Keller
4137:Michael Freedman
4106:Herman Goldstine
3960:H. Marston Morse
3934:
3923:
3862:Rudolf E. Kálmán
3846:Robert S. Langer
3838:Jan D. Achenbach
3671:Herbert E. Grier
3422:Igor I. Sikorsky
3383:Othmar H. Ammann
3344:
3333:
3299:Jerrold Meinwald
3068:Norman Hackerman
3047:Glenn T. Seaborg
2962:William O. Baker
2890:F. Albert Cotton
2858:
2847:
2824:Mary-Claire King
2717:Bert W. O'Malley
2673:Thomas E. Starzl
2668:Phillip A. Sharp
2655:Charles Yanofsky
2637:Evelyn M. Witkin
2632:James E. Darnell
2458:Paul C. Zamecnik
2423:Mary Ellen Avery
2395:Herbert W. Boyer
2390:Baruj Benacerraf
2361:Joshua Lederberg
2351:Viktor Hamburger
2313:Michael S. Brown
2159:Robert H. Burris
1914:
1903:
1850:Mortimer Mishkin
1775:William K. Estes
1759:Roger N. Shepard
1751:Robert K. Merton
1735:George A. Miller
1682:Herbert A. Simon
1650:
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1552:
1522:
1502:Lawvere, William
1496:
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1062:"Modular Fields"
1057:
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997:
918:Garrett Birkhoff
882:
845:Garrett Birkhoff
822:Garrett Birkhoff
787:abstract algebra
764:group cohomology
737:group extensions
733:field extensions
721:valuation theory
705:Samuel Eilenberg
618:Samuel Eilenberg
437:Samuel Eilenberg
413:John G. Thompson
393:Irving Kaplansky
362:Doctoral advisor
255:Standard complex
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5746:Florian Pfender
5728:Thomas C. Hales
5664:Donald G. Saari
5644:David H. Bailey
5516:François Trèves
5510:Norman Levinson
5470:Philip J. Davis
5388:
5385:Chauvenet Prize
5382:
5352:
5339:
5327:Sean C. Solomon
5289:
5241:Daniel Kleppner
5233:Lonnie Thompson
5228:Ralph A. Alpher
5194:W. Jason Morgan
5181:Charles Keeling
5171:Marvin L. Cohen
5138:
5121:John N. Bahcall
5116:Don L. Anderson
5082:Peter Goldreich
5035:Steven Weinberg
4987:
4917:Walter Elsasser
4894:Herman Feshbach
4808:
4746:Samuel Goudsmit
4738:Chien-Shiung Wu
4677:Frederick Seitz
4644:John A. Wheeler
4629:Robert H. Dicke
4614:
4477:Luis W. Alvarez
4458:
4439:
4427:David Blackwell
4381:
4332:Carl R. de Boor
4303:Karen Uhlenbeck
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4237:Louis Nirenberg
4172:
4145:Ralph E. Gomory
4083:
4079:Donald E. Knuth
4066:Hassler Whitney
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3928:
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3806:Andreas Acrivos
3783:
3771:Eli Ruckenstein
3750:Hermann A. Haus
3721:Calvin F. Quate
3708:Luna B. Leopold
3675:
3566:
3552:Robert N. Noyce
3542:Emmett N. Leith
3501:Manson Benedict
3483:Rudolf Kompfner
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3401:Warren K. Lewis
3338:
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3215:Peter B. Dervan
3186:John I. Brauman
3145:
3097:Norman Davidson
3024:John D. Roberts
2999:
2967:Konrad E. Bloch
2913:Richard N. Zare
2875:
2852:
2833:
2790:Sallie Chisholm
2772:Rudolf Jaenisch
2752:
2735:J. Craig Venter
2694:Rita R. Colwell
2561:
2547:David Baltimore
2438:Robert W. Kates
2410:David G. Nathan
2405:Edward B. Lewis
2375:
2371:Harland G. Wood
2366:Roger W. Sperry
2221:Glenn W. Burton
2193:
2169:Arthur Kornberg
2136:Roger Guillemin
2113:Hallowell Davis
2077:Daniel I. Arnon
2069:Albert B. Sabin
2049:
2022:Detlev W. Bronk
1994:Harry F. Harlow
1989:Kenneth S. Cole
1976:William C. Rose
1948:Francis P. Rous
1908:
1889:
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1834:Gordon H. Bower
1795:
1791:Robert M. Solow
1707:
1703:Milton Friedman
1667:
1644:
1633:
1625:
1573:Wayback Machine
1533:
1530:
1520:
1500:
1461:10.1.1.828.5753
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907:David Buchsbaum
865:
847:). A K Peters.
836:
779:category theory
775:homology theory
725:valuation rings
697:
598:Yale University
594:
582:Gustav Herglotz
520:Irving Langmuir
504:Ernest Lawrence
488:Yale University
457:Rice University
445:
433:category theory
411:
407:
403:
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395:
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297:Chauvenet Prize
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5832:Mark Schilling
5828:
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5816:Dana Mackenzie
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5806:
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5786:Dennis DeTurck
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5768:Harold P. Boas
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5189:Richard Garwin
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4074:Joseph L. Doob
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4019:Richard Brauer
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3249:Marye Anne Fox
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3063:Donald J. Cram
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3032:Ronald Breslow
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2972:Elias J. Corey
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2931:Carl S. Marvel
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2903:Roald Hoffmann
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2819:Stanley Falkow
2816:
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2811:Rakesh K. Jain
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2616:
2614:Gene E. Likens
2611:
2606:
2601:
2599:George F. Bass
2596:
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2588:
2583:
2581:Peter H. Raven
2578:
2573:
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2518:
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2510:
2507:
2505:Alexander Rich
2502:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2486:
2481:
2479:Daniel Nathans
2476:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2460:
2455:
2453:Folke K. Skoog
2450:
2445:
2443:Salvador Luria
2440:
2435:
2433:Elvin A. Kabat
2430:
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2383:
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2348:
2346:Katherine Esau
2343:
2340:
2335:
2333:Eric R. Kandel
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2279:
2277:Joan A. Steitz
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2251:
2249:Berta Scharrer
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2216:Seymour Benzer
2213:
2210:
2208:Philip Handler
2205:
2201:
2199:
2195:
2194:
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2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
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2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2095:Erwin Chargaff
2092:
2090:Britton Chance
2087:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2040:Robert Huebner
2037:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1929:
1927:C. B. van Niel
1924:
1920:
1918:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1899:
1898:
1895:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1885:Albert Bandura
1882:
1879:
1877:Robert Axelrod
1874:
1871:
1866:
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1860:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1844:
1839:
1836:
1831:
1828:
1823:
1820:
1818:R. Duncan Luce
1815:
1812:
1807:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1785:
1780:
1777:
1772:
1769:
1767:Paul Samuelson
1764:
1761:
1756:
1753:
1748:
1745:
1740:
1737:
1732:
1729:
1727:Patrick Suppes
1724:
1722:Leonid Hurwicz
1719:
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1609:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1585:
1576:
1563:
1553:
1529:
1528:External links
1526:
1525:
1524:
1519:978-0684315591
1518:
1498:
1442:McLarty, Colin
1438:
1407:(3): 237–251,
1403:, Series III,
1391:McLarty, Colin
1385:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1338:
1316:Nadis, Steve;
1311:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1283:
1257:
1239:(April 1996).
1228:
1202:
1193:
1156:
1130:
1091:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1014:. A K Peters.
1008:
1006:(10): 1134–38.
988:
964:
948:
928:
910:
883:
862:
855:
835:
834:Selected works
832:
753:homotopy group
723:. He wrote on
696:
693:
642:Marshall Stone
593:
590:
492:Lester S. Hill
444:
441:
420:
419:
416:
415:
409:Robert Solovay
389:William Howard
385:David Eisenbud
378:
374:
373:
364:
358:
357:
340:
336:
335:
322:
318:
317:
311:
310:
294:
290:
289:
286:
282:
281:
240:
239:Known for
236:
235:
207:
203:
202:
199:
195:
194:
188:
186:(aged 95)
180:
176:
175:
169:
156:
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127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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6516:
6512:
6508:
6504:
6500:
6499:Robert Bryant
6496:
6492:
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6484:
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6476:
6472:
6468:
6464:
6460:
6456:
6452:
6448:
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6439:
6437:
6433:
6425:
6424:Felix Browder
6421:
6417:
6413:
6409:
6405:
6401:
6400:Ronald Graham
6397:
6393:
6392:Michael Artin
6389:
6385:
6381:
6377:
6376:George Mostow
6373:
6369:
6365:
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6337:
6333:
6329:
6325:
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6306:
6302:
6298:
6294:
6293:Oscar Zariski
6290:
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6179:
6175:
6171:
6170:Marston Morse
6167:
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6159:
6155:
6151:
6147:
6143:
6139:
6135:
6131:
6127:
6123:
6119:
6115:
6114:Virgil Snyder
6111:
6107:
6103:
6102:
6100:
6096:
6088:
6087:Oswald Veblen
6084:
6080:
6076:
6072:
6068:
6064:
6060:
6056:
6052:
6048:
6044:
6040:
6036:
6032:
6031:Maxime Bôcher
6028:
6024:
6020:
6016:
6012:
6008:
6004:
6000:
5996:
5995:
5993:
5989:
5981:
5977:
5973:
5972:Simon Newcomb
5969:
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5835:
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5813:
5811:
5807:
5805:
5804:Robert Ghrist
5801:
5799:
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5781:
5777:
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5771:
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5751:
5747:
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5735:
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5719:
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5714:Ellen Gethner
5711:
5709:
5708:David L. Webb
5705:
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5611:
5610:Stephen Smale
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5452:E. J. McShane
5449:
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5441:
5437:
5435:
5434:R. H. Cameron
5431:
5429:
5425:
5423:
5422:G. T. Whyburn
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5273:
5270:
5268:
5267:James E. Gunn
5265:
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5260:
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5218:
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5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5199:Edward Witten
5197:
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5132:
5130:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5017:Roger Revelle
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4997:
4996:
4994:
4990:
4984:
4983:Henry Stommel
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4973:Eugene Parker
4971:
4969:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4833:Edward Teller
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4818:
4817:
4815:
4811:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4799:Lyman Spitzer
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4718:Hans A. Bethe
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4662:Maurice Ewing
4660:
4658:
4657:Carl Djerassi
4655:
4652:
4650:
4649:Saul Winstein
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4617:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4597:Eugene Wigner
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4582:Paul Bartlett
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4569:Louis Hammett
4567:
4565:
4564:Gregory Breit
4562:
4560:
4559:Francis Birch
4557:
4555:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4518:William Rubey
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4454:
4450:
4436:
4435:Michael Artin
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4384:
4378:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4348:Bradley Efron
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4286:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4274:Felix Browder
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4250:Stephen Smale
4248:
4246:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4197:John McCarthy
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4175:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4158:Samuel Karlin
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4086:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4007:
4001:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3968:Oscar Zariski
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3935:
3931:
3924:
3920:
3906:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3871:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3786:
3780:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3742:Ray W. Clough
3740:
3737:
3735:
3734:Alfred Y. Cho
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3678:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3604:John G. Trump
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3569:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3450:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3417:Edwin H. Land
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3365:Vannevar Bush
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3334:
3330:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3281:Allen J. Bard
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3256:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3236:JoAnne Stubbe
3234:
3232:
3231:Joanna Fowler
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3142:
3141:Susan Solomon
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3002:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2985:Melvin Calvin
2983:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2926:Yuan Tseh Lee
2924:
2922:
2921:Harry B. Gray
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2895:Gilbert Stork
2893:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2848:
2844:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2803:Bruce Alberts
2801:
2799:
2798:May Berenbaum
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2704:Lubert Stryer
2702:
2700:
2699:Nina Fedoroff
2697:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2681:Anthony Fauci
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2624:Harold Varmus
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2558:
2557:Lynn Margulis
2555:
2553:
2552:Jared Diamond
2550:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2492:Thomas Eisner
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2466:Maxine Singer
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2448:Paul A. Marks
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2257:Stanley Cohen
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2146:Efraim Racker
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2100:James V. Neel
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2012:Horace Barker
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1981:Sewall Wright
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1904:
1900:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1869:Anne Treisman
1867:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1826:Kenneth Arrow
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1690:Anne Anastasi
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1629:
1622:
1617:
1615:
1610:
1608:
1603:
1602:
1599:
1593:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1531:
1527:
1521:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1454:(1): 77–112,
1453:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1326:Cambridge, MA
1323:
1319:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1294:
1287:
1284:
1272:
1268:
1261:
1258:
1254:(4): 405–406.
1253:
1249:
1242:
1238:
1232:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1213:
1206:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1145:
1141:
1134:
1131:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1095:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1056:
1053:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1020:1-56881-150-0
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
994:
989:
987:
986:0-387-97710-4
983:
979:
978:Ieke Moerdijk
975:
974:
970:
965:
963:
962:0-387-96217-4
959:
955:
954:
949:
947:
946:0-387-98403-8
943:
939:
935:
934:
930:1998 (1972).
929:
927:
926:0-8218-1646-2
923:
919:
915:
912:1999 (1967).
911:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
889:, Springer (
888:
885:1995 (1963).
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
863:
860:
856:
854:
853:1-56881-068-7
850:
846:
842:
839:1997 (1941).
838:
837:
833:
831:
829:
828:
823:
819:
814:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
767:
765:
761:
758:in dimension
757:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
706:
701:
695:Contributions
694:
692:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
657:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
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43:This article
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5686:Eric Kostlan
5682:Alan Edelman
5538:Reuben Hersh
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5522:Carl D. Olds
5482:Jack K. Hale
5427:
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2174:Severo Ochoa
2151:E. O. Wilson
1575:, 1984–1999.
1543:
1508:, New York:
1505:
1451:
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1296:. Retrieved
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967:
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920:). Chelsea.
913:
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870:
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840:
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815:
811:Nobuo Yoneda
807:Yoneda lemma
768:
766:in general.
759:
755:
748:
744:
729:Witt vectors
717:field theory
710:
703:MacLane and
658:
635:
595:
586:Emmy Noether
578:Hermann Weyl
574:Paul Bernays
567:
524:
481:
465:Presbyterian
446:
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424:
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397:Roger Lyndon
381:Steve Awodey
371:Paul Bernays
367:Hermann Weyl
339:Institutions
314:
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1494:1122.01017
1429:1094.01010
1364:1290.01005
1310:References
1149:August 28,
903:AMS review
879:1911/62865
803:coproducts
654:Heinz Hopf
650:ETH Zurich
608:, and the
539:set theory
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80:newspapers
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1631:laureates
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1456:CiteSeerX
1042:SPQR tree
861:: 263–67.
795:morphisms
691:in 1989.
616:, he met
484:chemistry
469:evolution
453:Taftville
171:Taftville
5498:Mark Kac
5446:Mark Kac
5030:Ed Stone
2027:Jay Lush
1569:Archived
1486:53561655
1393:(2005),
1026:See also
887:Homology
799:products
791:diagrams
663:and the
201:American
1590:at the
1478:2301283
1421:2192173
1356:3100544
1125:2302916
1086:2302685
969:Sheaves
914:Algebra
516:physics
94:scholar
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