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704:, the daughter of the Edo, who was the last Lord of Jever. Edo had no male heir and it was agreed that Maria's husband would inherit Jever after Edo's death. Enno II, however, broke his promise and East Frisia lost Jever forever. Maria never married and ruled Jever until her death. In her will, she bequeathed Jever to Count
715:
was completely destroyed during the turmoil of the Saxon feud. After 1517, the city was rebuilt according to a plan, which was based on the fact that Aurich was an important livestock market. The livestock market was moved from the castle square to a newly created market square, which was unusually
495:
attempted to use the situation to extend his domain into the province of
Groningen and in 1505, he proclaimed himself "protector" of the city. Twenty-four dukes and counts took up arms against Edzard and invaded East Frisia and devastated large parts of his territory. Edzard received an
363:. Though appointed governor of 'the Frisian lands', Albert and his sons and successors Henry and George first had to conquer these lands while facing resistance from the population, first the 'West Frisians' (living in modern
387:. In 1515, George gave up fighting and sold his rights to the Frisian lands to Charles V, who in 1517 reached a compromise peace with Edzard, who managed to stand his ground remarkably well against the two dozen invaders.
541:, which was only defended by a few peasants and soldiers. However, Henry I was killed on 23 June 1514 by a targeted gunshot. His troops were then without a leader and they withdrew from East Frisia.
661:
Edzard was forced to vacate
Groningen and to give up his expansionist plans. Domestically, he was busy trying to pacify the East Frisian chieftains. On 3 December 1517, Edzard concluded the
467:
on 12 September 1500. Henry inherited the post of governor of Frisia. However, the
Frisians kept resisting his rule and he resigned on 30 May 1505 in favour of his brother
653:
castle. Charles V began his reign in the
Netherlands. Charles V lifted the Imperial ban against Edzard and invested him with East Frisia, thereby ending the Saxon feud.
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and laying siege to the city of
Groningen, which called in the help of Edzard of East Frisia and Charles of Guelders. George's overlord Maximilian was already busy
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443:, with an understanding that he'd have to subdue Frisia by force of arms before he could take up this post. After subduing the Frisians, Albert III rushed to
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in 1515 – and 24 German princes. The war took place predominantly on East
Frisian soil and destroyed large parts of the region.
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The conflict between Edzard and Hero
Oomkens continued until Hero died in 1522. The emperor had invested Edzard with the
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had taken up the post of governor. Albert rushed back to Frisia and freed Henry. He then conquered
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and, as compensation for the cost incurred, Albert was appointed in 1498 as hereditary governor of
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603:. Their first attempt to capture the town, which was defended by Hicko of Oldersum and Baron
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large for a city of that size and is still the central square in the today's city center.
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failed on 14 June 1514. A second attempt to capture the town failed on 16 August 1514.
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of
Brunswick-WolfenbĂĽttel invaded East Frisia with an army of 20,000 men. He besieged
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was appointed hereditary governor of 'the
Frisian lands' by Charles V's grandfather
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and Edzard tried to subdue it. However, due to well-constructed fortifications at
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area, and finally defeated them in the Battle of
Langwarden. Simultaneously, Duke
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Duke George of Saxony demanded in 1504 that all cities and districts in Frisia pay
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Het geheime dagboek van de Groninger stadssecretaris Johan Julsing 1589-1594
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In 1515, the tide turned in favor of Edzard I. He recaptured the castle at
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on Edzard, after which 24 German princes invaded East Frisia, most notably
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The origins of the feud can be traced back to 1498, when George's father
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elsewhere, so instead of taking on East Frisia himself, he imposed the
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768:, 4 vols, Risius, Weener, 1868–1869, reprinted: Schuster, Leer, 1974,
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of Saxony, the Margrave of Meissen, campaigned against the rebellious
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to him as "eternal governor". The City of Groningen refused. Count
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was besieged and destroyed by the fighting and pillaging troops.
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Habsburg nominally gains Friesland, Groningen & Ommelanden
320:) was a military conflict in the years 1514–1517 between the
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Geschichte Ostfrieslands. Nach den besten Quellen bearbeitet
633:. Nevertheless, the conflict continued until 1517. The
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to Duke Charles of Burgundy, who later became Emperor as
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Das Volk am Meer. Die dramatische Geschichte der Friesen
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At the beginning of 1517, Edzard I managed to recapture
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of Oldenburg saw this as an opportunity to provide the
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of Oldenburg, in which he ceded the "Frisian Forest" (
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surrendered. The castle at Altgödens was destroyed;
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George the Bearded between 1534 and 1539. School of
692:It was also agreed that East Frisia would inherit
785:, TĂĽrmer-Verlag, Berg (Starnberger See), 1984,
116:East Frisia cedes Friesische Wehde to Oldenburg
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575:at DĂĽnebroek was plundered by soldiers of the
599:was captured. The Black Guard then attacked
399:Count Edzard I around 1520/1530. Painting by
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529:. In 1514, he attacked the Frisians in the
564:on fire to cover his retreat. The city of
431:, who was held prisoner by the citizens of
560:was thus lost. Edzard retreated, setting
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16:1514–1517 war fought in the Low Countries
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808:History of the East Frisian peninsula
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858:Wars involving the Holy Roman Empire
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756:(2006) 43. Uitgeverij Van Gorcum.
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544:John V, in cooperation with
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338:Charles II, Duke of Guelders
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696:. That is, Edzard's son,
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571:On another front, the
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231:Commanders and leaders
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483:Outbreak of the feud
361:Emperor Maximilian I
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803:History of Holtgast
525:with access to the
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260:John V of Oldenburg
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508:Course of the feud
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605:Ulrich von Dornum
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84:Imperial ban
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27:Part of the
577:Black Guard
531:Butjadingen
437:Netherlands
312:; Frisian:
288:Grutte Pier
97:Territorial
79:Compromise
68:Wesermarsch
60:East Frisia
817:Categories
735:References
665:with Duke
651:Friedeburg
617:GroĂźsander
593:Friedeburg
581:Marienhafe
573:Commandery
550:GroĂźsander
391:Background
373:Ommelanden
357:Albert III
316:; German:
306:Saxon feud
206:Ommelanden
22:Saxon feud
687:Oldenburg
657:Aftermath
631:Charles V
611:1515-1516
527:North Sea
473:districts
461:Groningen
365:Friesland
173:Oldenburg
157:(1515–17)
143:(1514–15)
64:Jeverland
56:Groningen
52:Friesland
725:Wittmund
706:John VII
667:Henry II
626:guilders
601:Oldersum
585:Leerhafe
493:Edzard I
453:Franeker
425:Flanders
342:Imperial
326:Edzard I
308:(Dutch:
47:Location
698:Enno II
535:Henry I
475:in the
445:Leipzig
369:Lauwers
99:changes
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772:
713:Aurich
675:German
671:John V
639:Detern
635:sconce
589:Rispel
587:, and
566:Aurich
554:Dornum
519:John V
517:Count
489:homage
469:George
441:Frisia
433:Bruges
336:, and
324:Count
139:Saxony
90:lifted
88:Edzard
75:Result
729:Esens
702:Maria
694:Jever
683:Zetel
465:Emden
457:Henry
112:Jever
787:ISBN
770:ISBN
727:and
645:1517
513:1514
449:Diet
304:The
110:and
39:Date
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