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until repairs were complete during the following year. This apparent bad luck continued through a series of accidents, including multiple landslips and equipment failures. The quick succession of misfortune caused the railway's management to conclude that the venture was untenable, resulting in operations being permanently ceased during 1887, barely nine years after opening. The neighbouring pier was also ill-fated, being destroyed by a gale in 1905.
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allegedly also a factor in its closure, while planners had also projected demand to be within the existing capacity of the
Central Tram alone. In early 2011, it was announced that the still closed lift might be sold by the council, as it did not have the £630,000 that the repairs were then estimated to cost. The cost of demolishing the lift was estimated to be around £150,000.
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On 6 July 1875, the railway opened. Since opening, it has been refurbished several times; during 1879, the original gas engines were replaced by steam pumps. Between 1935 and 1947, operations were suspended for a time prior to the completion of another refurbishment, which involved the replacement of
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However, the Queens Parade Cliff Lift experienced a series of particularly unfortunate events. The opening day was marred by one of the carriages having broken free and crashed into the lower station, with the resulting damage forcing the immediate closure of the funicular. It was not able to reopen
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generated by equipment sited roughly 59 feet (18 m) beneath the top station; this gave the driver no direct view of the cars. To minimise the risk posed by potential equipment failure, each car is equipped with a safety brake system that works in conjunction with a rail located in the centre of
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on a route between
Scarborough Spa on South Sands and the South Cliff Esplanade, this water-driven lift was opened on 6 July 1875. During subsequent years, multiple other funiculars were constructed; in all, two lifts served Scarborough's North Bay while three covered the South Bay. Various means of
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Passenger demand at the
Central Tramway was particularly high, especially amongst guests at Scarborough's neighbouring Grand Hotel. The construction of the nearby St Nicholas Cliff Lift was heavily influenced by the level of demand for the Central Tramway. The lift had been continuously operated by
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After its closure, the two cars were moved to the top of the track and fixed in place, becoming part of the conversion of the top station into the St
Nicholas Cafe. The cars offer seating and a balcony was constructed around them. The lower station was converted into an ice cream parlor called The
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Observing the South Bay's first cliff railway, opened in 1875, to have been a success, proposals were rapidly actioned for a similar funicular to serve the neighboring North Bay. Thus, on 4 March 1878, the
Scarborough Queen's Parade Tramway Company Limited was created to build and operate such a
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During its initial years of operation, there was no bottom station; passengers stepped into the tramcars directly from the pavement. The control equipment was incorporated in the upper station, fares were also paid solely at this station. From the onset, the St
Nicholas Cliff Lift was powered by
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In 1945, the railway was sold to
Scarborough Corporation. During February 2007, the lift was closed as the borough council could not afford the estimated £445,000 of modifications needed to conform with modern health and safety standards. Furthermore, it had been operating at a loss, which was
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point was reached. The cars then proceeded along their individual tracks, its speed and safety both being regulated by the brakeman. When the upper car reached the bottom of the incline, both cars were braked, and the seawater released into a pipe set between the two tracks so that it could be
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While some of these funiculars remain operational, others have been permanently withdrawn: both of the North Bay railways have been demolished, while one on South Bay is extant but out of use since 2006. The other two South Cliff lifts are still operational. Reasons for closures have included
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During early 1930, the North Bay Cliff Lift was constructed by the Medway Safety Lift
Company Ltd as one element of the wider development of Peasholm Gap. Opening for the first time in August of that year, this lift was the only funicular serving the north bay throughout its operating life.
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industry, and the construction of a funicular was viewed as a means of better facilitating, and extracting revenue from, such movements. It was specifically decided to build this initial cliff railway between the pre-existing
Scarborough Spa on South Sands and the South Cliff Esplanade.
518:, which had an estimated cost of £75,000 to complete. Over the following two years, it was entirely dismantled, with the remaining elements being donated to the Launceston Civic Society in 1998. Much of these assets are presently in storage at the Launceston Steam Railway in
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constructed the two cars, each capable of carrying 14 seated passengers. Each car was attached to a twin-steel cable rope, which was originally operated by a brakeman at the top station, while the bottom of each car was also fixed to a water tank. The track is
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after 1931. During this work period, the original cars were replaced and new motors installed within the top of the station, which provided drivers with a full view of the cars. The lower station has subsequently been replaced by a more modern building.
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During 1993, Scarborough
Borough Council purchased the funicular from its owners. In 1997, the control infrastructure of the lift were extensively modified, enabling operations to be handled entirely by its automated systems.
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was created to construct the first funicular railway in the United Kingdom. It had long been recognised that the height difference between the town and its beaches was a geographical hindrance to the burgeoning
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water tanks, one underneath each car; these were alternatively filled and emptied while the cars were in either station to change the weight of the cars and thus move the cars via gravity alone.
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453:) was built by the Medway Safety Lift Company Ltd in 1929 and opened on 5 August of that year. Completed at a cost of £6,000, the Saint Nicholas Cliff Lift is located on the other side of the
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Over its operating life, several changes have been made to this funicular. In 1920, its original steam plant apparatus was retired in favour of an electric drive that was powered via
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track, the selected route covering a distance of 233 ft (71 m) over a 1 in 2 (50%) gradient. In 1880, work on the Central Tramway was completed head of its (
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was formed with the goal of constructing another funicular, the Central Tramway. This railway was built between Foreshore Road and St Nicholas Gardens using
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During September 1996, it was decided to close the lift permanently rather than undertake a series of repairs to correct mechanical issues and address
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between Queen's Parade and the Promenade Pier. Built at a relatively fast pace, it was opened for the first time on 8 August 1878.
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The funicular was operated by a pair of cars running on parallel tracks, which had a length of 167 feet (51 m) and a width of
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supplied via Scarborough's tramway system. Following the discontinuation of the town's trams, the railway was converted to use
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unsuitable terrain, insufficient revenue, excessive capacity in relation to demand and excessive refurbishment/upgrade costs.
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548:) tracks. In many respects, its configuration was that of a typical funicular. Its propulsion system involved a pair of
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from the Central Tramway, near the Aquarium. The track is 102 feet (31 m) long on a 1 in 1.33 (75%) gradient, the
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have been used over the years, while other upgrades such as automated operations have been implemented as well.
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150:, the construction of Scarborough's first funicular commenced in 1873. Designed by William Lucas and built by
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The funicular was designed and engineered principally by William Lucas. Its construction was undertaken by
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The funicular is operated by two cars. In its original operating configuration, the funicular used
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lift. The selected route of the lift was 285 feet (87 m) in length across a 1 in 2.5 (40%)
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Having noted the need for better transit between the town and its bays, particularly for
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the water system by 90 hp electric engine. The cars were replaced by two built by
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The Central Tramway Company (Scarborough) Ltd Official Website
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This first North Bay railway had two cars running on parallel
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Historic tramways in the United Kingdom and the Isle of Man
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Seastrand. The rails the cars ran on are still present.
373:) official commencement of operations on 1 August 1881.
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wide and 284 feet (87 m) long, on 1 in 1.75 (57%)
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International Tramways and Light Railways Exhibition
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Johnston, Howard (12 January 2011). "Regional News".
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South Staffordshire & Birmingham District Steam
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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918:"Scarborough Cliff Railways, North Bay, site of"
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185:Scarborough South Cliff Tramway Company Limited
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698:"Explorations in Britain: all the funiculars"
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2417:Giant's Causeway, Portrush & Bush Valley
303:Central Tramway Company, Scarborough Limited
2503:Electric Railway and Tramway Carriage Works
1816:Dudley, Stourbridge & District Electric
1523:Stalybridge, Hyde, Mossley & Dukinfield
953:Video footage of the St Nicholas Cliff Lift
502:
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2548:Midland Railway Carriage and Wagon Company
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273:reused. The procedure was then repeated.
3505:Transport in Scarborough, North Yorkshire
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
3500:Funicular railways in the United Kingdom
3090:Scarborough University Technical College
739:
737:
122:
1589:Gravesend, Rosherville & Northfleet
666:"Scarborough Cliff Railways, South Bay"
614:
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409:St Nicholas Cliff Lift after conversion
2611:National Electric Construction Company
2364:Scottish Tramway and Transport Society
1861:Staffordshire Potteries Street Railway
1287:Middlesbrough, Stockton & Thornaby
248:Using seawater pumped by two Crossley
2239:Dundee, Broughty Ferry & District
747:. Scarborough Council. Archived from
7:
2988:Scarborough Maritime Heritage Centre
2493:Brush Electrical Engineering Company
2056:Cardiff District and Penarth Harbour
1735:Plymouth, Stonehouse & Devonport
948:Video footage of the Central Tramway
47:adding citations to reliable sources
3525:7 ft 6 in gauge railways in England
3515:6 ft 6 in gauge railways in England
3365:Greatest Hits Radio Yorkshire Coast
2807:Scarborough and Whitby Constituency
444:St Nicholas Cliff Lift, Scarborough
3510:Standard gauge railways in England
2528:Lancaster Carriage and Wagon Works
1730:Plymouth, Devonport & District
771:"Safety cost closes historic lift"
297:Central Tramway viewed from bottom
14:
2881:St James with Holy Trinity Church
2626:Patent Cable Tramways Corporation
2161:Swansea Constitution Hill Incline
1821:Dudley, Sedgley and Wolverhampton
1337:Tynemouth & District Electric
3476:
3475:
2407:Castlederg & Victoria Bridge
1579:Folkestone, Hythe & Sandgate
1158:Nottinghamshire & Derbyshire
696:Brennan, Joseph (21 June 2019).
596:
584:
569:
493:The North Bay Cliff lift in 1995
23:
2538:Manlove, Alliott & Co. Ltd.
2171:Wrexham & District Electric
1871:Wolverhampton District Electric
1659:Wolverton & Stony Stratford
1307:Stockton & Darlington Steam
720:"Lynton & Lynmouth Railway"
34:needs additional citations for
3520:4 ft gauge railways in England
3434:Scarborough and Whitby Railway
3383:Scarborough Pirates A.R.L.F.C.
3095:St Augustine's Catholic School
3080:Scarborough Sixth Form College
2563:Starbuck Car and Wagon Company
2349:Stirling & Bridge of Allan
2091:Llanelly and District Electric
2041:Barmouth Junction & Arthog
1811:Dudley & Stourbridge Steam
818:"Cafe plan for old cliff lift"
1:
2126:Pontypridd and Rhondda Valley
1826:Kidderminster & Stourport
279:Hudswell Clarke & Company
3439:Scarborough Tramways Company
3334:Scarborough Building Society
3264:Scalby Mills railway station
3115:Scarborough General Hospital
3105:Scarborough Lifeboat Station
3029:Scarborough Open Air Theatre
2922:Scarborough Open Air Theatre
2616:New General Traction Company
2009:Yorkshire (Woollen District)
1327:Sunderland District Electric
1277:Middlesbrough & Stockton
843:"The Seastrand, Scarborough"
822:www.thescarboroughnews.co.uk
413:The St Nicholas Cliff Lift (
364:Central Tramway, Scarborough
3274:Scarborough railway station
2840:Scarborough Pier Lighthouse
2631:Provincial Tramways Company
2568:United Electric Car Company
2432:Warrenpoint & Rostrevor
2289:Greenock & Port Glasgow
1856:South Staffordshire Company
1378:Blackburn & Over Darwen
920:. engineering-timelines.com
668:. engineering-timelines.com
301:During the late 1870s, the
127:Central Tramway top station
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3357:Scarborough Convent School
2344:Rothesay & Ettrick Bay
2081:Llandudno & Colwyn Bay
1584:Gravesend & Northfleet
3473:
3198:Scarborough Athletic F.C.
2953:Brunswick Shopping Centre
2621:Imperial Tramways Company
2601:British Electric Traction
2455:Douglas Southern Electric
2422:Glenanne & Loughgilly
2136:Pwllheli & Llanbedrog
2131:Pontypridd Urban District
1876:Wolverhampton Corporation
1388:Blackpool & Fleetwood
1297:South Shields Corporation
1282:Middlesbrough Corporation
1153:Nottingham & District
3259:Peasholm railway station
3228:North Marine Road Ground
3203:Scarborough Cricket Club
3172:Coast & County Radio
2876:Albemarle Baptist Church
2488:British Thompson-Houston
2397:Cavehill & Whitewell
2254:Edinburgh & District
2204:Airdrie & Coatbridge
1969:Mexborough & Swinton
1836:Leamington & Warwick
1614:Portsdown & Horndean
1332:Tynemouth & District
1128:Mansfield & District
526:Queens Parade Cliff Lift
504:6 ft 6 in
463:7 ft 6 in
139:has had a total of five
58:"Scarborough funiculars"
3424:Central Tramway Company
2802:North Yorkshire Council
2606:British Thomson-Houston
2543:Merryweather & Sons
2014:Yorkshire (West Riding)
1929:Grimsby & Immingham
1909:Barnsley & District
1644:Southampton Corporation
1559:Brighton & Shoreham
1312:Stockton & District
1138:Northampton Corporation
777:. BBC. 15 February 2007
722:. Lynton & Lynmouth
603:South Cliff Lift ticket
591:South Cliff Lift ticket
3416:Scarborough North Pier
3329:Borough of Scarborough
3269:Scarborough funiculars
3034:Stephen Joseph Theatre
2927:Stephen Joseph Theatre
2513:Thomas Green & Son
1979:Scarborough funiculars
1791:Birmingham Corporation
1786:Birmingham & Aston
1715:Gloucester Corporation
1690:Camborne & Redruth
1569:Chatham & District
1322:Sunderland Corporation
1247:Darlington Corporation
1148:Nottingham Corporation
494:
410:
401:St Nicholas Cliff Lift
298:
180:
128:
3279:York–Scarborough line
3249:Beach railway station
3223:Flamingo Land Stadium
2886:St Martin-on-the-Hill
2746:Scarborough Formation
2553:G.F. Milnes & Co.
2392:Bessbrook & Newry
2264:Edinburgh Corporation
2229:Dundee & District
2151:Swansea & Mumbles
1881:Wolverhampton Company
1453:Liverpool Corporation
1398:Blackpool Corporation
1383:Blackburn Corporation
1216:London County Council
1123:Leicester Corporation
492:
408:
296:
206:Metropolitan Carriage
204:at a cost of £8,000.
178:
126:
3164:The Scarborough News
3060:George Pindar School
2498:Dick, Kerr & Co.
2334:Perth & District
2194:Aberdeen Corporation
2156:Swansea Improvements
2141:Pwllheli Corporation
2101:Neath & District
1725:Plymouth Corporation
1062:Wisbech & Upwell
520:Launceston, Cornwall
485:North Bay Cliff Lift
43:improve this article
3339:Scarborough Pottery
3075:Scarborough College
2533:Maley & Taunton
2470:Upper Douglas Cable
2382:Belfast Corporation
2284:Glasgow & Ibrox
2279:Glasgow Corporation
2116:Newport Corporation
2046:Cardiff Corporation
1841:North Staffordshire
1649:Southampton Company
1624:Reading Corporation
1433:Colne & Trawden
1423:Chester Corporation
1262:Hartlepool Electric
1113:Lincoln Corporation
1078:Alford & Sutton
1027:Ipswich Corporation
428: /
390:alternating current
348: /
256:system designed by
3406:Holbeck Hall Hotel
2983:Scarborough Castle
2968:Opera House Casino
2835:Scarborough Castle
2523:Kitson and Company
2259:Edinburgh Northern
2234:Dundee Corporation
1886:Worcester Electric
1801:Burton & Ashby
1720:Gloucester Company
1705:Exeter Corporation
1393:Blackpool Electric
1317:Sunderland Company
1143:Northampton Street
1118:Leicester Tramways
576:St Nicholas Cliff
495:
433:54.2797°N 0.3981°W
411:
353:54.2809°N 0.3978°W
299:
181:
129:
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3352:Raincliffe School
3254:North Bay Railway
3177:This is The Coast
2958:North Bay Railway
2896:St Peter's Church
2670:
2669:
2573:William Wilkinson
2465:Snaefell Mountain
2450:Douglas Bay Horse
2339:Perth Corporation
2199:Aberdeen Suburban
2189:Aberdeen District
2106:Neath Corporation
2022:
2021:
1964:Leeds Corporation
1796:Burton-upon-Trent
1765:Weston-super-Mare
1634:Ryde Pier Tramway
1458:Liverpool Company
1368:Barrow-in-Furness
1267:Hartlepools Steam
1252:Darlington Street
1088:Derby Corporation
804:Bauer Media Group
198:Crossley Brothers
183:During 1873, the
155:propulsion, from
152:Crossley Brothers
119:
118:
111:
93:
3532:
3479:
3478:
3401:Futurist Theatre
3391:Beached Festival
3378:Scarborough F.C.
3208:Scarborough RUFC
3131:GCHQ Scarborough
2993:Scarborough Mere
2891:St Mary's Church
2738:Scarborough Mere
2723:Raincliffe Woods
2697:
2690:
2683:
2674:
2508:English Electric
2374:Northern Ireland
2329:Paisley District
2249:Edinburgh Street
2219:Cruden Bay Hotel
2166:Wrexham District
1999:York Corporation
1503:South Lancashire
1363:Accrington Steam
1002:
982:
975:
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802:. No. 661.
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745:"Spa Cliff Lift"
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51:
27:
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3344:Sirius Minerals
3320:
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3232:
3218:Athletic Ground
3181:
3119:
3085:Scarborough TEC
3038:
3016:Crown Spa Hotel
2937:
2931:
2909:Crown Spa Hotel
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2788:
2706:
2701:
2671:
2666:
2635:
2583:
2577:
2480:
2474:
2436:
2368:
2274:Glasgow Company
2214:Carstairs House
2175:
2111:Newport Company
2051:Cardiff Company
2018:
1919:Dearne District
1901:
1895:
1781:Birmingham City
1769:
1663:
1629:Reading Company
1542:
1463:Lytham St Annes
1428:Chester Company
1346:
1235:
1162:
1108:Lincoln Company
1066:
991:
986:
939:
934:
933:
923:
921:
916:
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886:
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874:
868:"The Seastrand"
866:
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847:Tess Willoughby
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751:on 16 July 2011
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3055:CU Scarborough
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2978:Rotunda Museum
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2963:Oliver's Mount
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2412:Clogher Valley
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2387:Belfast Street
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1022:Great Yarmouth
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937:External links
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700:. columbia.edu
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386:direct current
330:standard gauge
290:
287:
281:in 1934–1935.
270:counterbalance
238:standard gauge
172:
169:
141:cliff railways
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22:
16:Cliff railways
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3452:
3450:
3448:Miscellaneous
3446:
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3437:
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3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3411:MV Regal Lady
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3326:
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3309:Valley Bridge
3307:
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3124:Organisations
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3070:Scalby School
3068:
3066:
3065:Graham School
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3058:
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3053:
3051:
3048:
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3041:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3011:Clifton Hotel
3009:
3006:
3004:
3003:Tunny fishing
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2973:Peasholm Park
2971:
2969:
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2959:
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2925:
2923:
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2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2904:Clifton Hotel
2902:
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2897:
2894:
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2882:
2879:
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2869:
2868:Valley Bridge
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2728:Ramsdale Beck
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2582:Group holding
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2483:
2481:and suppliers
2479:Manufacturers
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2471:
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2461:
2460:Manx Electric
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2402:City of Derry
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2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
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2002:
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1992:
1990:
1987:
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1980:
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1959:Leeds Company
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1900:Yorkshire and
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60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
3304:Cliff Bridge
3268:
2863:Cliff Bridge
2855:War Memorial
2830:Scalby Manor
2518:Hurst Nelson
2004:York Company
1978:
1944:Huddersfield
1083:Chesterfield
1052:Peterborough
922:. Retrieved
875:. Retrieved
871:
862:
850:. Retrieved
846:
837:
825:. Retrieved
821:
812:
797:
791:
779:. Retrieved
774:
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753:. Retrieved
749:the original
724:. Retrieved
714:
702:. Retrieved
670:. Retrieved
554:
537:
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479:
475:
471:
412:
395:
383:
381:each track.
375:
300:
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195:
184:
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130:
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105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
3396:Floral Hall
3021:Grand Hotel
2948:Art Gallery
2944:Attractions
2936:Culture and
2914:Grand Hotel
2758:Settlements
2704:Scarborough
2640:Trade fairs
2558:Milnes Voss
2442:Isle of Man
2427:Portstewart
2319:Musselburgh
2309:Lanarkshire
2244:Dunfermline
2121:Oystermouth
2066:Glyn Valley
1984:Scarborough
1680:Bournemouth
1493:Rawtenstall
1443:Heaton Park
1226:Walthamstow
578:Lift ticket
459:track gauge
455:Grand Hotel
436: /
378:steam power
356: /
250:gas engines
161:electricity
157:steam power
137:Scarborough
3494:Categories
3160:Publishing
2774:Northstead
2299:Kilmarnock
2071:Great Orme
2061:Fairbourne
1902:the Humber
1695:Cheltenham
1668:South West
1619:Portsmouth
1547:South East
1533:Warrington
1468:Manchester
1373:Birkenhead
1358:Accrington
1351:North West
1240:North East
1017:Colchester
924:15 January
877:18 October
852:18 October
827:18 October
781:16 January
704:16 January
672:15 January
609:References
442: (
420:54°16′47″N
362: (
340:54°16′51″N
266:Birmingham
258:Tangye Ltd
252:through a
210:Birmingham
202:Manchester
69:newspapers
3420:Transport
3370:Radio 270
3348:Education
3238:Transport
3146:Cooplands
3136:Companies
3101:Emergency
3050:Education
2850:Town Hall
2817:Buildings
2784:Throxenby
2769:Falsgrave
2764:Eastfield
2754:Postcodes
2711:Geography
2584:companies
2304:Kirkcaldy
2224:Dumbarton
1994:Wakefield
1989:Sheffield
1974:Rotherham
1924:Doncaster
1891:Worcester
1846:Potteries
1700:Devonport
1639:Sheerness
1604:Maidstone
1518:Stockport
1513:St Helens
1508:Southport
1473:Morecambe
1448:Lancaster
1292:Newcastle
1257:Gateshead
1037:Lowestoft
1012:Cambridge
560:Ticketing
541:4 ft
516:corrosion
423:0°23′53″W
343:0°23′52″W
262:Smethwick
254:hydraulic
99:July 2009
3481:Category
3460:Military
3321:articles
3319:Historic
3156:SeaGrown
3043:Services
3025:Theatres
2918:Theatres
2872:Churches
2794:Politics
2717:Features
2294:Inchture
2181:Scotland
2086:Llanelly
2036:Aberdare
1954:Keighley
1914:Bradford
1806:Coventry
1594:Hastings
1554:Brighton
1528:Wallasey
1498:Rochdale
1483:Old Swan
1418:Carlisle
1342:Tyneside
1231:West Ham
1196:East Ham
1184:Kingsway
1103:Ilkeston
1057:Southend
321: in
243:gradient
229: in
179:Spa Lift
148:tourists
135:town of
3455:History
3387:Tourism
3151:Plaxton
2998:The Spa
2938:tourism
2859:Bridges
2845:The Spa
2742:Geology
2733:Sea Cut
2324:Paisley
2269:Falkirk
2146:Rhondda
2076:Harlech
1939:Halifax
1934:Grimsby
1866:Walsall
1760:Torquay
1755:Taunton
1750:Swindon
1685:Bristol
1654:Wantage
1488:Preston
1408:Burnley
1179:Croydon
1174:Barking
1133:Matlock
1098:Glossop
1047:Norwich
1032:Ipswich
997:England
565:Tickets
316:⁄
224:⁄
190:tourism
133:British
83:scholar
3465:People
3214:Venues
3111:Health
3007:Hotels
2900:Hotels
2779:Scalby
2655:Second
2359:Wemyss
1831:Kinver
1745:Seaton
1609:Oxford
1478:Nelson
1438:Darwen
1403:Bolton
1272:Jarrow
1211:Leyton
1206:Ilford
1189:London
1167:London
755:5 June
726:5 June
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
3374:Sport
3361:Media
3194:Clubs
3187:Sport
3168:Radio
3141:Boyes
2660:Third
2650:First
2314:Leith
2028:Wales
1740:Poole
1574:Dover
1564:Brill
1538:Wigan
1201:Erith
1042:Luton
533:slope
90:JSTOR
76:books
3299:A171
3294:A170
3289:A165
3285:Road
3245:Rail
2750:Post
1949:Hull
1413:Bury
1005:East
926:2021
879:2017
854:2017
829:2017
799:Rail
783:2011
757:2010
728:2010
706:2021
674:2021
131:The
62:news
2209:Ayr
469:).
461:is
260:of
208:of
200:of
159:to
45:by
3496::
887:^
870:.
845:.
820:.
773:.
736:^
682:^
617:^
522:.
327:)
264:,
245:.
235:)
2696:e
2689:t
2682:v
981:e
974:t
967:v
928:.
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708:.
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544:(
507:(
465:(
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323:(
318:2
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231:(
226:2
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217:8
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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