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been eroded are either nearly vertical, moderately dipping, or gently dipping. Because of their gradational nature, the exact angle of the backslope that separates these landforms is arbitrary and some differences in the specific angles used to define these landforms occur in the scientific literature. It also can be difficult to sharply distinguish immediately adjacent members of this series of landforms because of their gradational nature.
139:: "flank or slope of a hill; hill, mount, sloping ground". In geology and geomorphology, cuesta refers specifically to an asymmetric ridge with a long and gentle backslope called a dip slope that conforms with the dip of a resistant stratum or strata, called caprock. The outcrop of the caprock forms a steeper or even cliff-like frontslope (escarpment), cutting through the dipping strata that comprise the cuesta.
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comprise a sequence of landforms that form a gradational continuum. These landforms differ only on the steepness of their backslopes and the relative differences in the inclination of their backslopes and frontslopes. These differences depend upon whether the dip of the strata from which they have
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is punctuated by a series of cuestas that parallel the coast, as are most coastal plains. The
Reynosa Plateau is the most coast-ward cuesta, which has surface expression with the Bordes-Oakville escarpment, on the northwest side and a low ridge on the eastern boundary, called the Reynosa Cuesta,
171:. The surfaces of the hard, erosion-resistant rock strata form the caprock of the backslope (dip-slope) of the cuesta, where erosion has preferentially removed the weaker strata. The frontslope of the cuesta consists of an escarpment that cuts across the
235:. The dip of the Onondaga is about 40 feet per mile (about 7.6 m/km) to the south. In their most populated sections both escarpments edges face north, running roughly parallel to the southern
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of the strata comprising it. Because of the gently dipping nature of the strata that forms a cuesta, a significant shift in horizontal location will take place as the landscape is lowered by
280:, sometimes called the Cotswold Edge. Other examples include the Brecon Beacons, Wenlock Edge, the Chilterns, the North and South Downs and the Greensand Ridge of Kent and Surrey
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In general usage, a cuesta is a hill or ridge with a gentle slope (backslope) on one side, and a steep slope (frontslope) on the other. The word is from
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179:. Because the slope of a cuesta dips in the same direction as the sedimentary strata, the dip angle of this bedding (θ) can be calculated by (
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with a gentle slope on one side, and a steep slope on the other. In geology, the term is more specifically applied to a ridge where a harder
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Cuestas have less dramatic expression in the United
Kingdom, with two notable examples being the northwest-facing escarpment of the
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overlies a softer layer, the whole being tilted somewhat from the horizontal. This results in a long and gentle backslope called a
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Schematic cross section of three cuestas, dip slopes facing left, and harder rock layers in darker colors than softer ones
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495:. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences. Vol. III. New York: Reinhold. pp. 524–525.
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Cuestas are the expression of extensive outcrops of gently dipping strata, typically
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strata, that consist of alternating beds of weak or loosely cemented strata, i.e.
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Fairbridge, R. W. (1968). "Hogback and
Flatiron". In Fairbridge, R. W. (ed.).
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is equal to the horizontal distance perpendicular to the strike of the beds.
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Hill or ridge with a gentle slope on one side and a steep slope on the other
376:(Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences, Volume III), Reinhold, New York, 1296 pp.
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470:(2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
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American
Geological Institute, Alexandria, Virginia. 800 pp.
299:. Notable French cuestas are the wine-growing regions of
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295:, the term for a cuesta is the same as for a coastline:
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has exposed the frontslope of this, a steep slope or
445:. Adelaide, South Australia: Gleneagles Publishing.
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443:Australian Landforms: Structure, Process and Time
239:shoreline and, for the former, the Mohawk River.
524:(2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
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259:deposits of the Willis and Lissie Formations.
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287:offers particularly good views of cuestas in
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272:and the similarly aligned escarpment of the
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392:Jackson, JA, J Mehl and K Neuendorf (2005)
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318:cuesta topography—dating back to Cambrian.
306:The Machinchang Formation outcrops in the
30:For people with the surname Cuesta, see
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354:John Wiley and Sons, New York. 505 pp.
310:islands off the coast of northwestern
191:is equal to the vertical distance and
163:and hard, well-lithified strata, i.e.
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251:where the deposits dip below later
424:. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
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493:The Encyclopedia of Geomorphology
374:The Encyclopedia of Geomorphology
372:In RW Fairbridge, ed., pp. 233,
468:Surface Processes and Landforms
71:Range, Transvaal, South Africa
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466:Easterbrook, D. J. (1999).
420:Principles of Geomorphology
283:In continental Europe, the
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441:; Campbell, E. M. (1993).
83:for 'slope') is a
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416:Thornbury, W. D. (1954).
516:Strahler, A. N. (1960).
328:Flatiron (geomorphology)
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394:Glossary of Geology.
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229:Onondaga escarpment
559:Structural geology
539:Escarpment geology
520:Physical Geography
350:Cotton, CA (1952)
276:limestones in the
244:Gulf Coastal Plain
233:Niagara Escarpment
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569:Erosion landforms
270:White Horse Hills
200:homoclinal ridges
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149:sedimentary
548:Categories
335:References
264:Cretaceous
131:Definition
117:escarpment
57:Cuesta in
18:Scarplands
316:anticline
301:Côte d'Or
291:rock. In
278:Cotswolds
198:Cuestas,
169:limestone
165:sandstone
143:Formation
125:scarpland
107:, called
97:dip slope
322:See also
312:Malaysia
308:Langkawi
289:Jurassic
274:Jurassic
253:Pliocene
231:and the
227:are the
221:New York
211:Examples
204:hogbacks
157:mudstone
111:. Where
370:Cuesta.
225:Ontario
177:erosion
173:bedding
137:Spanish
121:terrain
113:erosion
109:caprock
81:Spanish
574:Ridges
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293:France
202:, and
159:, and
105:strata
77:cuesta
59:Crimea
267:chalk
248:Texas
153:shale
89:ridge
497:ISBN
472:ISBN
447:ISBN
398:ISBN
378:ISBN
297:côte
242:The
167:and
161:marl
85:hill
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101:dip
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