44:
697:. A radiological diagnosis may be helpful in elucidating the extent of the disease in terms of bone and soft tissue involvement. Scedosporium-caused eumycetomas have been found to have thick-walled cavities and grains appearing as hyperreflective echoes on scans, while actinomycetomas show fine echoes at the bottom of cavities.
638:
brain abscesses and have a mortality rate of up to 75%. Infections have also been observed in animals, notably corneal infection, abdominal mycetoma and disseminated infections in dogs and horses. Transient colonization is more likely than disease. However, invasive pseudoallescheriasis can be found in patients with prolonged
637:
patients. It causes allergic bronchopulmonary disease and chronic lung lesions that resemble aspergillosis. Infections can also occur in immunocompetent individuals, usually in the lungs and upper respiratory tract. Infections in the CNS, which are rare, present as neutrophilic meningitis or multiple
655:
has been observed in some cases. This species is also known as a non-invasive colonist of the external ear and airways of patients with poor lung or sinus clearance, and the first documented case of human pseudallescheriasis involved the ear canal. It has also been implicated in infection of joints
676:
is possible through isolation of the fungus in culture or through cytology and histopathology in the tissues of diseased individuals. In mycetoma-type infections, a confluence of symptoms is necessary for diagnosis, including tumefaction, draining sinuses and extrusion of grains. Furthermore,
624:, and other manifestations. Masses of hyphae can form "fungus balls" in the lungs. While "fungus balls" can also form in other organs, they are commonly derived from host necrotic tissue resulting from nodular infarction and thrombosis of lung vessels following infection.
1233:
Cortez, K. J.; Roilides, E.; Quiroz-Telles, F.; Meletiadis, J.; Antachopoulos, C.; Knudsen, T.; Buchanan, W.; Milanovich, J.; Sutton, D. A.; Fothergill, A.; Rinaldi, M. G.; Shea, Y. R.; Zaoutis, T.; Kottilil, S.; Walsh, T. J. (17 January 2008).
1538:
Figueiredo, Rodrigo Tinoco; Bittencourt, Vera
Carolina B.; Lopes, Lívia Cristina L.; Sassaki, Guilherme; Barreto-Bergter, Eliana (2012). "Toll-like receptors (TLR2 and TLR4) recognize polysaccharides of Pseudallescheria boydii cell wall".
650:
has also been implicated in pneumonia subsequent to near-drowning events with infection developing anywhere between a few weeks to several months after exposure yielding high mortality. Dissemination of the organism to the
1612:
Kershaw, P.; Freeman, R.; Templeton, D.; DeGirolami, P. C.; DeGirolami, U.; Tarsy, D.; Hoffmann, S.; Eliopoulos, G.; Karchmer, A. W. (1 April 1990). "Pseudallescheria boydii
Infection of the Central Nervous System".
823:
between 1993 and 1998 was 0.82 per 100,000 patient-inpatient days; this figure increased to 1.33 per 100,000 patient-inpatient days by 2005. In
Thailand, 18 people died of the fungus between 1953 and 2004 .
1494:
de Hoog, GS; Marvin-Sikkema, FD; Lahpoor, GA; Gottschall, JC; Prins, RA; Guého, E (1994). "Ecology and physiology of the emerging opportunistic fungi
Pseudallescheria boydii and Scedosporium prolificans".
700:
Direct detection is possible in samples histochemically stained in 20% KOH followed by fluorescence microscopy with antibody. The characteristic shape, texture and colour of tissues can help identify
656:
following traumatic injury, and these infections can progress to osteomyelitis. Infections of the skin and cornea have also been reported. Typical host-related risk factors for infection include
616:, or granules, which are typically absent in pseudallescheriasis-type infections. Infection is initiated via inhalation or traumatic implantation in the skin. Infection can lead to arthritis,
729:. In serum, Scedosporium infections can be detected by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. Molecular diagnostics appear to be promising in complementing current conventional diagnostic methods.
732:
Culture detection is accomplished by rinsing "grains" in 70% ethanol and sterile saline solution to avoid bacterial contamination prior to inoculation on growth medium. Selection of
351:. The microbe was apparently associated with a penetrating thorn the patient had incurred in his ankle while running barefoot 12 years before. The diseased area was found to contain
3059:
819:, and tends to be more common in men than in women, particularly in the 20- to 45-year-old age group. In the United States, the incidence of infection by
3033:
2585:
2269:
541:, although it can grow at higher temperatures (up to 37 °C (99 °F)) as well. Asexual reproduction manifests in one of two forms: the
485:
measuring 12–18 × 9–13 μm in diameter. This fungus grows on most standard media, maturing in 7 days. Its primary nutrients are the sugars
1596:
1315:
1138:
1017:
694:
3161:
2500:
2240:
2236:
721:
spp. are similar in that they show septation of hyphae at regular intervals, have dichotomous branching and invade blood vessels. However,
3146:
1705:
1340:
755:
and nearly all other antifungal drugs. Consequently, there is currently no consistently effective antifungal therapy for this agent.
3156:
2450:
1806:
1471:
964:"Antifungal activity against Scedosporium species and novel assays to assess antifungal pharmacodynamics against filamentous fungi"
740:, or on media containing cycloheximide or amphotericin B. Optimal incubation is at a temperature of 25–35 °C (77–95 °F).
3141:
2485:
2264:
2259:
1966:
1366:
355:-containing granules that, when cultured, led to the growth of the organism. Shear considered the fungus most closely related to
2590:
2231:
1956:
557:
are single-celled, pale brown and oval in form. Their size ranges from 4–9 x 6–10 μm and their development is annellidic.
438:
can be seen in environments where nitrogen-containing compounds are common, usually due to human pollution. Its ability to use
686:
1961:
851:
died due to a brain infection caused by this mold which developed after a 2003 car accident in which he fell in a canal in
473:
change in colour from white to pale brown and develop a cottony texture with maturity. After a 2–3 week incubation period,
3085:
2305:
2853:
2925:
682:
871:
2031:
1973:
372:
refers to Dr. Mark F. Boyd, who sent Lott the specimen. David
Malloch moved the species to the newly created genus
1007:
2761:
837:
318:
2768:
2330:
2010:
908:
848:
705:
grains, which are often surrounded by an eosinophilic zone. Histopathologically, hyalohyphomycotic fungi like
537:. The optimal temperature for growth is 25 °C (77 °F) and the fungus is generally considered to be
3151:
2849:
2812:
2754:
2679:
2445:
2137:
2059:
927:
isolates from sewage sludge and clinical sources on tributyrin, rapeseed oil, biodiesel oil and diesel oil"
2962:
2877:
2808:
2547:
2536:
2465:
2455:
2440:
2346:
2311:
2283:
2248:
2220:
2038:
652:
609:
244:
3136:
2620:
2368:
2024:
1799:
629:
361:
307:
167:
2398:
3100:
3025:
3007:
2794:
2784:
2598:
2495:
2490:
2354:
2277:
2216:
833:
832:
This fungus is implicated in the deaths of three athletes injured during the opening ceremony of the
338:
322:
184:
1170:
1073:
1034:
2906:
2634:
2626:
2460:
2052:
643:
605:
601:
422:
to grow on soil, polluted and stagnant water and manure. Although this fungus is commonly found in
348:
334:
291:
233:
60:
593:
2818:
2800:
2616:
2612:
2529:
2522:
2480:
2226:
1520:
1144:
1093:
1054:
193:
72:
3064:
313:
Fungal pneumonia caused by this mold was the cause of death in three athletes submerged in the
3108:
2994:
2945:
2930:
2081:
2017:
1946:
1771:
1701:
1674:
1630:
1592:
1556:
1512:
1467:
1431:
1336:
1311:
1265:
1134:
1013:
985:
938:
530:
855:, Thailand. This event has sparked a public outcry over pollution in Bangkok's canals .
294:. Typically found in stagnant and polluted water, it has been implicated in the infection of
3113:
2883:
2839:
2779:
2698:
2515:
2435:
2424:
2196:
2132:
1792:
1761:
1753:
1664:
1622:
1548:
1504:
1421:
1413:
1374:
1255:
1247:
1126:
1085:
1046:
975:
904:
534:
470:
415:
390:
381:
295:
144:
2740:
2095:
1988:
1983:
1924:
1887:
634:
597:
573:
431:
107:
1626:
380:
was in honour of
Lionello Petri (1875-1946), who was an Italian botanist (Mycology) and
43:
17:
3020:
2868:
2685:
2542:
2392:
2381:
2360:
2254:
1919:
1837:
1819:
1766:
1737:
1694:
1508:
1426:
1397:
1260:
1235:
752:
443:
395:
366:
222:
52:
1784:
681:
grains and hyphae should be cultured and observed microscopically after staining with
3130:
2940:
2901:
2834:
2747:
2670:
2575:
2559:
2508:
2374:
2341:
2336:
2117:
1951:
1929:
1907:
1417:
1148:
726:
287:
131:
1524:
1125:(in German). Berlin: Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum, Freie Universität Berlin.
1035:"Life history of an undescribed ascomycete isolated from a granular mycetoma of man"
2999:
2730:
2691:
2640:
2580:
2151:
2145:
2101:
2045:
1978:
1941:
1936:
1903:
1882:
1723:
Medical
Mycology Vol 4 Topley & Wilson's Microbiology and Infectious Infections
841:
776:
772:
764:
510:
458:
314:
119:
921:
Janda-Ulfig, Katarzyna; Ulfig, Krzysztof; Cano, Josep; Guarro, Josep (June 2008).
612:, lungs, joints and bone. The former can also be distinguished by the presence of
1552:
3090:
3046:
2715:
2569:
2430:
2386:
2297:
2087:
788:
768:
661:
657:
639:
569:
439:
343:
2985:
795:
assays. CMT-3, a chemically modified tetracycline, has also shown to be active
783:
environment, terbinafine has been found to work in synergy with azoles against
2935:
2918:
2710:
2604:
2470:
2207:
2187:
2126:
1873:
1846:
1587:
Mandell, Douglas, and
Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases
1585:
980:
963:
816:
756:
690:
613:
526:
466:
283:
279:
95:
64:
1696:
Medical mycology : the pathogenic fungi and the pathogenic actinomycetes
2725:
1860:
621:
538:
490:
482:
423:
299:
1775:
1560:
1435:
1269:
989:
942:
1678:
1634:
1516:
725:
presents more irregular branching, sometimes with terminal or intercalary
608:, which includes all other forms of the disease commonly presented in the
596:. Human infection takes one of two forms: mycetoma (99% of infections), a
347:. Shear obtained cultures from a patient of the Medical Department of the
3072:
2979:
2912:
2475:
1855:
1757:
1251:
879:
554:
474:
427:
385:
1130:
876:(Shear) McGinnis, A.A. Padhye & Ajello, Mycotaxon 14 (1): 97 (1982)"
736:
growth can be achieved on
Leonian's agar supplemented with 10 g/mL
660:, steroid treatment, serum albumin levels of < 3 mg/dL and
3038:
2291:
2178:
2172:
2167:
1832:
1827:
1815:
1097:
1058:
852:
737:
518:
514:
506:
502:
498:
494:
3051:
1112:
922:
3077:
1912:
1851:
617:
486:
275:
2956:
1089:
1050:
1669:
1652:
2414:
1993:
1842:
779:
have also been used in treatment, albeit with less success. In an
478:
462:
352:
83:
1864:
1009:
Pollution in a
Promised Land: An Environmental History of Israel
585:
577:
522:
3012:
2960:
1788:
310:
agents normally used to treat infections by filamentous fungi.
1306:
de Hoog, G. S.; Guarro, J.; Gené, J.; Figueras, M. J. (2000).
1074:"New concepts in the Microascaceae illustrated by two species"
442:
and other volatile organic compounds suggests a capacity for
1583:
Bennett, John E.; Dolin, Raphael; Blaser, Martin J. (2000).
553:
forms greyish-white colonies with a grey-black reverse. The
1464:
Principles and practice of pediatric infectious disease
1462:
Prober, Charles G.; Long, Sarah; Fischer, Marc (2012).
1331:
Salfelder, K.; Liscano, T.R. de; Sauerteig, E. (1990).
1310:(Second ed.). American Society for Microbiology.
306:
is complicated by resistance to many of the standard
1591:(5th ed.). Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone.
2969:
2894:
2867:
2833:
2778:
2724:
2709:
2669:
2558:
2413:
2322:
2206:
2195:
2186:
2166:
2116:
2073:
2002:
1896:
1881:
1872:
1826:
1693:
1584:
426:climates, it is thermotolerant and can survive in
1169:McGinnis, M.R.; Padhye, A.A.; Ajello, L. (1982).
931:Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
414:An ability to tolerate minimal aeration and high
1396:Gilgado, F; Cano, J; Gené, J; Guarro, J (2005).
388:. The species was then transferred to the genus
1742:by Using Highly Specific Monoclonal Antibodies"
1175:Negroni et Fischer, 1943 and its later synonym
1114:Eine Enzyklopädie zu eponymischen Pflanzennamen
1466:(4th ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier/Saunders.
1800:
1402:species complex: proposal of two new species"
8:
1700:(3rd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders.
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1651:Ender, Peter T.; Dolan, Matthew J. (1997).
1365:Patterson, Thomas F.; McGinnis, Michael R.
962:Wiederhold, N.P.; Lewis, R.E. (June 2009).
627:This species is second in prevalence after
2957:
2721:
2203:
2192:
2183:
1893:
1878:
1869:
1807:
1793:
1785:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
187:) McGinnis, A.A.Padhye & Ajello (1982)
42:
31:
2032:Trichophyton interdigitale/mentagrophytes
1765:
1668:
1653:"Pneumonia Associated with Near-Drowning"
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1425:
1335:. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
1259:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
979:
907:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
1646:
1644:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1301:
1299:
406:revealed that they were the same genus.
2586:Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
2270:Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1236:"Infections Caused by Scedosporium spp"
882:. International Mycological Association
863:
642:, high-dose corticosteroid therapy and
481:filled with eight fusiform, one-celled
302:patients. Treatment of infections with
1738:"Tracking the Emerging Human Pathogen
430:climates and in environments with low
282:. It is associated with some forms of
1001:
999:
791:and sordarins, have shown promise in
7:
3101:3c0ce0e8-09af-4794-ac9a-a18a77ebd06f
2501:Erosio interdigitalis blastomycetica
2241:Primary pulmonary coccidioidomycosis
2237:Primary cutaneous coccidioidomycosis
1627:10.1001/archneur.1990.00530040126029
1119:Encyclopedia of eponymic plant names
900:
898:
896:
545:type (the most common type) and the
521:; however, it is able to assimilate
815:is the most common causal agent of
1509:10.1111/j.1439-0507.1994.tb00780.x
1012:. University of California Press.
695:Grocott's methenamine silver stain
25:
1736:Thornton, C. R. (25 March 2009).
2486:Congenital cutaneous candidiasis
2265:Primary pulmonary histoplasmosis
2260:Primary cutaneous histoplasmosis
1967:Proximal subungual onychomycosis
1418:10.1128/jcm.43.10.4930-4942.2005
1406:Journal of Clinical Microbiology
394:in 1982 when examination of the
2591:Primary cutaneous aspergillosis
2232:Disseminated coccidioidomycosis
1957:White superficial onychomycosis
1746:Clinical and Vaccine Immunology
1725:(9th ed.). London: Arnold.
1721:Ajello, L.; Hay, R. J. (1997).
1962:Distal subungual onychomycosis
290:and is the causative agent of
1:
2306:Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
1692:Rippon, John Willard (1988).
1240:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
255:Negroni & I.Fisch. (1944)
2854:Encephalitozoon intestinalis
2347:South American blastomycosis
2342:North American blastomycosis
1947:Tinea pedis (athlete's foot)
1657:Clinical Infectious Diseases
1553:10.1016/j.carres.2012.02.028
1398:"Molecular phylogeny of the
588:mediates the recognition of
3162:Neglected American diseases
2926:Granuloma gluteale infantum
1952:Tinea unguium/onychomycosis
672:Detection and diagnosis of
376:in 1970. The genus name of
3178:
3147:Fungal pathogens of humans
1974:Tinea corporis gladiatorum
923:"A study of the growth of
838:Maccabiah bridge collapsed
687:periodic acid–Schiff stain
333:The fungus was originally
2762:Syncephalastrum racemosum
1333:Atlas of fungal pathology
1111:Burkhardt, Lotte (2022).
981:10.1080/13693780802510224
787:. Echinocandins, such as
584:derived α-glucans, while
199:
192:
173:
166:
73:Scientific classification
71:
50:
41:
34:
3157:Rare infectious diseases
2769:Apophysomyces variabilis
2331:Blastomyces dermatitidis
2046:Trichophyton schoenleini
2011:Epidermophyton floccosum
909:Medical Subject Headings
849:Apichet Kittikorncharoen
633:as a fungal pathogen in
551:Scedosporium apiospermum
341:in 1922 as a species of
252:Pseudallescheria shearii
18:Scedosporium apiospermum
3142:Fungi described in 1913
2971:Pseudallescheria boydii
2850:Enterocytozoon bieneusi
2813:Conidiobolus incongruus
2755:Lichtheimia corymbifera
2680:Cryptococcus neoformans
2649:Pseudallescheria boydii
2138:Malassezia folliculitis
2060:Trichophyton verrucosum
1740:Pseudallescheria boydii
1400:Pseudallescheria boydii
1308:Atlas of Clinical Fungi
925:Pseudallescheria boydii
874:Pseudallescheria boydii
749:Pseudallescheria boydii
648:Pseudallescheria boydii
566:Pseudallescheria boydii
513:. It cannot assimilate
465:growing up to 2–5
455:Pseudallescheria boydii
337:by American mycologist
271:Pseudallescheria boydii
177:Pseudallescheria boydii
67:reaction of ascospores
57:Pseudallescheria boydii
36:Pseudallescheria boydii
2878:Rhinosporidium seeberi
2809:Conidiobolus coronatus
2548:Pneumocystis pneumonia
2537:Pneumocystis jirovecii
2466:Candidal onychomycosis
2456:Antibiotic candidiasis
2312:Paracoccidioidomycosis
2284:African histoplasmosis
2249:Histoplasma capsulatum
2221:Coccidioides posadasii
2039:Trichophyton tonsurans
1367:"Pseudallescheria spp"
811:In the United States,
653:central nervous system
610:central nervous system
214:(Shear) Malloch (1970)
2621:Phialophora verrucosa
2451:Chronic mucocutaneous
2369:Talaromyces marneffei
2025:Microsporum audouinii
1615:Archives of Neurology
1541:Carbohydrate Research
1371:www. doctorfungus.org
847:In 2007, Thai singer
630:Aspergillus fumigatus
450:Growth and morphology
230:Sporocybe chartoikoon
2795:Basidiobolus ranarum
2785:Entomophthoramycosis
2599:Exophiala jeanselmei
2496:Systemic candidiasis
2491:Perianal candidiasis
2355:Sporothrix schenckii
2278:Histoplasma duboisii
2217:Coccidioides immitis
1758:10.1128/CVI.00061-09
1252:10.1128/CMR.00039-07
1072:Malloch, D. (1970).
1033:Shear, C.L. (1922).
834:1997 Maccabiah Games
576:is characterized by
477:may form containing
339:Cornelius Lott Shear
323:1997 Maccabiah Games
241:Acladium castellanii
219:Verticillium graphii
211:Petriellidium boydii
2907:Fungal folliculitis
2635:Geotrichum candidum
2627:Chromoblastomycosis
2471:Candidal paronychia
2461:Candidal intertrigo
2053:Trichophyton rubrum
1131:10.3372/epolist2022
828:Society and culture
821:S. apiospermum
763:activity; however,
759:has shown the best
703:S. apiospermum
674:S. apiospermum
644:allotransplantation
606:pseudallescheriasis
349:University of Texas
292:pseudallescheriasis
260:Scedosporium boydii
225:& Bezold (1889)
2819:Conidiobolomycosis
2801:Basidiobolomycosis
2617:Fonsecaea compacta
2613:Fonsecaea pedrosoi
2481:Diaper candidiasis
2227:Coccidioidomycosis
1377:on 28 October 2014
1006:Tal, Alon (2002).
461:fungus with broad
362:Allescheria gayoni
357:Eurotiopsis gayoni
278:classified in the
203:Allescheria boydii
3124:
3123:
3109:Open Tree of Life
2963:Taxon identifiers
2954:
2953:
2946:Phaeohyphomycosis
2931:Hyalohyphomycosis
2863:
2862:
2829:
2828:
2665:
2664:
2409:
2408:
2162:
2161:
2127:Malassezia furfur
2112:
2111:
2082:Hortaea werneckii
2069:
2068:
2018:Microsporum canis
1598:978-0-443-07593-3
1317:978-90-70351-43-4
1140:978-3-946292-41-8
1019:978-0-520-23428-4
531:potassium nitrate
298:and near-drowned
296:immunocompromised
267:
266:
256:
248:
237:
226:
215:
207:
27:Species of fungus
16:(Redirected from
3169:
3117:
3116:
3104:
3103:
3094:
3093:
3091:NHMSYS0001495147
3081:
3080:
3068:
3067:
3055:
3054:
3042:
3041:
3029:
3028:
3016:
3015:
3003:
3002:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2958:
2884:Rhinosporidiosis
2840:Microsporidiosis
2780:Entomophthorales
2722:
2699:Trichosporonosis
2425:Candida albicans
2399:Adiaspiromycosis
2204:
2193:
2184:
2133:Tinea versicolor
1894:
1879:
1870:
1816:Fungal infection
1809:
1802:
1795:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1769:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1699:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1672:
1648:
1639:
1638:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1590:
1580:
1565:
1564:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1491:
1478:
1477:
1459:
1440:
1439:
1429:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1373:. Archived from
1362:
1347:
1346:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1303:
1274:
1273:
1263:
1230:
1191:
1190:
1173:Pseudallescheria
1166:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1124:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1003:
994:
993:
983:
968:Medical Mycology
959:
953:
952:
950:
949:
918:
912:
905:Pseudallescheria
902:
891:
890:
888:
887:
868:
751:is resistant to
646:of bone marrow.
620:, endocarditis,
535:ammonium nitrate
416:osmotic pressure
404:Pseudallescheria
391:Pseudallescheria
382:Phytopathologist
367:specific epithet
319:bridge collapsed
274:is a species of
254:
243:
232:
221:
213:
205:
179:
145:Pseudallescheria
61:Melzer's reagent
46:
32:
21:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3166:
3127:
3126:
3125:
3120:
3112:
3107:
3099:
3097:
3089:
3084:
3076:
3071:
3063:
3058:
3050:
3045:
3037:
3032:
3024:
3019:
3011:
3006:
2998:
2993:
2984:
2983:
2978:
2965:
2955:
2950:
2890:
2859:
2837:
2825:
2782:
2774:
2741:Rhizopus oryzae
2728:
2713:
2705:
2661:
2554:
2405:
2318:
2199:
2176:
2171:
2158:
2108:
2096:Piedraia hortae
2065:
1998:
1989:Tinea incognito
1984:Tinea imbricata
1888:Dermatophytosis
1885:
1859:
1850:
1841:
1835:
1831:
1822:
1813:
1783:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1708:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1650:
1649:
1642:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1599:
1582:
1581:
1568:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1493:
1492:
1481:
1474:
1461:
1460:
1443:
1412:(10): 4930–42.
1395:
1394:
1390:
1380:
1378:
1364:
1363:
1350:
1343:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1318:
1305:
1304:
1277:
1232:
1231:
1194:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1153:
1151:
1141:
1122:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1090:10.2307/3757662
1071:
1070:
1066:
1051:10.2307/3753469
1032:
1031:
1027:
1020:
1005:
1004:
997:
961:
960:
956:
947:
945:
920:
919:
915:
903:
894:
885:
883:
870:
869:
865:
861:
830:
809:
746:
670:
635:cystic fibrosis
580:recognition of
574:Immune response
568:is an emerging
563:
452:
432:oxygen pressure
412:
331:
188:
181:
175:
162:
148:
134:
122:
110:
108:Sordariomycetes
98:
86:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3175:
3173:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3152:Fungus species
3149:
3144:
3139:
3129:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3105:
3095:
3082:
3069:
3056:
3043:
3030:
3017:
3004:
2991:
2975:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2961:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2922:
2921:
2909:
2904:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2873:
2871:
2869:Mesomycetozoea
2865:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2857:
2845:
2843:
2831:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2790:
2788:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2736:
2734:
2719:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2688:
2686:Cryptococcosis
2675:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2655:Allescheriasis
2645:
2644:
2643:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2565:
2563:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2545:
2543:Pneumocystosis
2533:
2526:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2420:
2418:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2393:Emmonsia parva
2389:
2384:
2382:Scedosporiosis
2379:
2378:
2377:
2365:
2364:
2363:
2361:Sporotrichosis
2351:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2288:
2287:
2286:
2274:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2255:Histoplasmosis
2245:
2244:
2243:
2234:
2229:
2212:
2210:
2201:
2190:
2181:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2142:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2122:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2028:
2021:
2014:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1933:
1932:
1930:Dermatophytids
1927:
1920:Tinea corporis
1917:
1916:
1915:
1900:
1898:
1891:
1876:
1867:
1838:dermatomycosis
1824:
1823:
1820:mesomycetozoea
1814:
1812:
1811:
1804:
1797:
1789:
1782:
1781:
1752:(5): 756–764.
1728:
1713:
1707:978-0721624440
1706:
1684:
1670:10.1086/515532
1663:(4): 896–907.
1640:
1621:(4): 468–472.
1604:
1597:
1566:
1530:
1479:
1472:
1441:
1388:
1348:
1342:978-0792389354
1341:
1323:
1316:
1275:
1246:(1): 157–197.
1192:
1179:Malloch, 1970"
1161:
1139:
1103:
1084:(4): 727–740.
1064:
1025:
1018:
995:
954:
913:
892:
862:
860:
857:
829:
826:
813:P. boydii
808:
805:
801:P. boydii
785:P. boydii
753:amphotericin B
745:
742:
727:chlamydospores
679:P. boydii
669:
666:
590:P. boydii
582:P. boydii
562:
559:
451:
448:
444:bioremediation
436:P. boydii
420:P. boydii
411:
408:
330:
327:
304:P. boydii
265:
264:
263:
262:
257:
249:
238:
227:
216:
208:
197:
196:
190:
189:
182:
171:
170:
164:
163:
159:P. boydii
156:
154:
150:
149:
142:
140:
136:
135:
130:
128:
124:
123:
118:
116:
112:
111:
106:
104:
100:
99:
94:
92:
88:
87:
82:
80:
76:
75:
69:
68:
53:cleistothecium
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3174:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3115:
3110:
3106:
3102:
3096:
3092:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2996:
2992:
2987:
2981:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2959:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2941:Keratomycosis
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2902:Alternariosis
2900:
2899:
2897:
2893:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2836:
2835:Microsporidia
2832:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2781:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2750:
2749:
2748:Mucor indicus
2745:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2727:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2712:
2708:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2671:Basidiomycota
2668:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2576:Aspergillosis
2574:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2557:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2530:C. tropicalis
2527:
2525:
2524:
2523:C. lusitaniae
2520:
2518:
2517:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2412:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2376:
2375:Talaromycosis
2373:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2337:Blastomycosis
2335:
2334:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2321:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2293:
2292:Lacazia loboi
2289:
2285:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2179:opportunistic
2174:
2169:
2165:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2118:Basidiomycota
2115:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1908:tinea capitis
1905:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1810:
1805:
1803:
1798:
1796:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1777:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1741:
1732:
1729:
1724:
1717:
1714:
1709:
1703:
1698:
1697:
1688:
1685:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1608:
1605:
1600:
1594:
1589:
1588:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1534:
1531:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1503:(3–4): 71–8.
1502:
1498:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1473:9781437727029
1469:
1465:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1401:
1392:
1389:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1338:
1334:
1327:
1324:
1319:
1313:
1309:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1165:
1162:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1120:
1116:
1115:
1107:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1068:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1045:(5): 239–43.
1044:
1040:
1036:
1029:
1026:
1021:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1002:
1000:
996:
991:
987:
982:
977:
974:(4): 422–32.
973:
969:
965:
958:
955:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
926:
917:
914:
910:
906:
901:
899:
897:
893:
881:
877:
875:
867:
864:
858:
856:
854:
850:
845:
843:
839:
835:
827:
825:
822:
818:
814:
806:
804:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
743:
741:
739:
735:
730:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
698:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
675:
667:
665:
663:
659:
654:
649:
645:
641:
636:
632:
631:
625:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
604:disease, and
603:
599:
595:
594:rhamnomannans
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
570:opportunistic
567:
561:Pathogenicity
560:
558:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
475:cleistothecia
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
449:
447:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
409:
407:
405:
401:
400:Petriellidium
398:specimens of
397:
393:
392:
387:
383:
379:
378:Petriellidium
375:
374:Petriellidium
371:
368:
364:
363:
358:
354:
350:
346:
345:
340:
336:
328:
326:
324:
320:
316:
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
288:maduromycosis
285:
281:
277:
273:
272:
261:
258:
253:
250:
246:
242:
239:
235:
231:
228:
224:
220:
217:
212:
209:
204:
201:
200:
198:
195:
191:
186:
180:
178:
172:
169:
168:Binomial name
165:
161:
160:
155:
152:
151:
147:
146:
141:
138:
137:
133:
132:Microascaceae
129:
126:
125:
121:
117:
114:
113:
109:
105:
102:
101:
97:
93:
90:
89:
85:
81:
78:
77:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
3137:Microascales
2970:
2911:
2876:
2848:
2807:
2793:
2767:
2760:
2753:
2746:
2739:
2731:Mucormycosis
2692:Trichosporon
2690:
2678:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2641:Geotrichosis
2633:
2611:
2597:
2581:Aspergilloma
2568:
2535:
2528:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2446:Vulvovaginal
2423:
2391:
2367:
2353:
2329:
2304:
2290:
2276:
2247:
2215:
2200:(yeast+mold)
2168:Subcutaneous
2152:White piedra
2146:Trichosporon
2144:
2125:
2102:Black piedra
2094:
2080:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2009:
1979:Tinea faciei
1942:Tinea manuum
1937:Tinea cruris
1904:Tinea barbae
1883:Dermatophyte
1749:
1745:
1739:
1731:
1722:
1716:
1695:
1687:
1660:
1656:
1618:
1614:
1607:
1586:
1544:
1540:
1533:
1500:
1496:
1463:
1409:
1405:
1399:
1391:
1379:. Retrieved
1375:the original
1370:
1332:
1326:
1307:
1243:
1239:
1189:(1): 94–102.
1186:
1182:
1177:Petrielldium
1176:
1172:
1164:
1152:. Retrieved
1118:
1113:
1106:
1081:
1077:
1067:
1042:
1038:
1028:
1008:
971:
967:
957:
946:. Retrieved
937:(1): 45–49.
934:
930:
924:
916:
884:. Retrieved
873:
866:
846:
842:Yarkon River
831:
820:
812:
810:
807:Epidemiology
800:
796:
792:
784:
780:
777:voriconazole
773:ketoconazole
765:itraconazole
760:
748:
747:
734:Scedosporium
733:
731:
723:Scedosporium
722:
718:
714:
710:
707:Scedosporium
706:
702:
699:
678:
673:
671:
647:
628:
626:
602:subcutaneous
589:
581:
565:
564:
550:
546:
543:Scedosporium
542:
511:L-arabinitol
459:saprotrophic
454:
453:
435:
434:. Growth of
419:
413:
403:
399:
389:
377:
373:
369:
360:
359:(now called
356:
342:
332:
315:Yarkon River
312:
303:
270:
269:
268:
259:
251:
240:
229:
218:
210:
206:Shear (1922)
202:
176:
174:
158:
157:
143:
120:Microascales
56:
35:
29:
3047:iNaturalist
2716:Zygomycosis
2570:Aspergillus
2516:C. glabrata
2431:Candidiasis
2387:Emmonsiosis
2298:Lobomycosis
2088:Tinea nigra
2003:By organism
1897:By location
1828:Superficial
1547:: 260–264.
1154:January 27,
789:caspofungin
769:fluconazole
711:Aspergillus
662:neutropenia
658:lymphopenia
640:neutropenia
440:natural gas
344:Allescheria
321:during the
59:mounted in
3131:Categories
2936:Otomycosis
2919:Fusariosis
2711:Zygomycota
2605:Eumycetoma
2441:Esophageal
2208:Onygenales
2188:Ascomycota
1874:Ascomycota
1381:28 October
948:2024-02-11
886:2014-11-23
859:References
817:eumycetoma
757:Miconazole
572:pathogen.
539:mesophilic
527:asparagine
483:ascospores
469:in width.
308:antifungal
284:eumycetoma
280:Ascomycota
96:Ascomycota
91:Division:
65:dextrinoid
63:, showing
2895:Ungrouped
2726:Mucorales
2197:Dimorphic
1861:endothrix
1833:cutaneous
1183:Mycotaxon
1149:246307410
1078:Mycologia
1039:Mycologia
836:when the
744:Treatment
719:Petriella
717:spp. and
689:, Tissue
668:Diagnosis
622:sinusitis
614:sclerotia
491:arabinose
424:temperate
335:described
300:pneumonia
153:Species:
79:Kingdom:
3073:MycoBank
3065:10480110
3021:Fungorum
2986:Q7254196
2980:Wikidata
2913:Fusarium
2509:C. auris
2476:Candidid
2173:systemic
1925:Ringworm
1856:exothrix
1776:19321690
1561:22507831
1525:22605873
1436:16207945
1270:18202441
990:19058049
943:18581978
880:MycoBank
799:against
797:in vitro
793:in vitro
781:in vitro
715:Fusarium
592:derived
547:Graphium
471:Colonies
428:tropical
418:enables
386:Florence
329:Taxonomy
317:after a
194:Synonyms
127:Family:
51:Crushed
3039:2564942
1767:2681584
1679:9356805
1635:2181980
1517:7845423
1497:Mycoses
1427:1248451
1261:2223844
1098:3757662
1059:3753469
853:Bangkok
840:in the
761:in vivo
738:benomyl
683:H&E
598:chronic
555:conidia
519:lactose
515:maltose
507:xylitol
503:ribitol
499:sucrose
495:glucose
410:Ecology
365:). The
139:Genus:
115:Order:
103:Class:
3114:464781
3098:NZOR:
3078:110950
3052:383838
3026:110950
3013:302035
1913:Kerion
1852:Piedra
1774:
1764:
1704:
1677:
1633:
1595:
1559:
1523:
1515:
1470:
1434:
1424:
1339:
1314:
1268:
1258:
1147:
1137:
1121:]
1096:
1057:
1016:
988:
941:
911:(MeSH)
713:spp.,
709:spp.,
618:otitis
549:type.
487:xylose
463:hyphae
370:boydii
353:hyphae
276:fungus
247:(1916)
236:(1913)
3060:IRMNG
3000:4NJKM
2562:-like
2417:-like
2415:Yeast
2323:Other
2074:Other
1994:Favus
1843:Tinea
1521:S2CID
1145:S2CID
1123:(pdf)
1117:[
1094:JSTOR
1055:JSTOR
457:is a
384:from
245:Pinoy
234:Beij.
185:Shear
84:Fungi
3034:GBIF
2560:Mold
2436:Oral
2177:and
1865:hair
1863:) =
1847:skin
1818:and
1772:PMID
1702:ISBN
1675:PMID
1631:PMID
1593:ISBN
1557:PMID
1513:PMID
1468:ISBN
1432:PMID
1383:2014
1337:ISBN
1312:ISBN
1266:PMID
1156:2022
1135:ISBN
1014:ISBN
986:PMID
939:PMID
775:and
691:Gram
586:TLR4
578:TLR2
533:and
523:urea
509:and
479:asci
402:and
396:type
223:Harz
3086:NBN
3008:EoL
2995:CoL
2695:spp
1830:and
1762:PMC
1754:doi
1665:doi
1623:doi
1549:doi
1545:356
1505:doi
1422:PMC
1414:doi
1256:PMC
1248:doi
1127:doi
1086:doi
1047:doi
976:doi
693:or
517:or
55:of
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