Schafkopf - Knowledge (XXG)

854:("Caller") in which the declarer names a side suit Ace (not held) and the player with the called Ace becomes the silent partner, whose identity is only revealed by the play of the cards. There is a long trump suit comprising all four Obers, four Unters and all the Hearts: 14 trumps in all. The aim is not primarily to win tricks but to capture cards with a point value – especially Aces and Tens – whereby the values are A = 11, Ten = 10, King = 4, Ober = 3, Unter = 2 and the rest are 'nixers', worth nothing. Thus the overall aim is to score as many points as possible by skilful and tactical play both in partnership and or individual games. 3010:) following deals where the cards are thrown in. The declarer in the next hand now has the chance to win the pot. If successful, the declarer alone sweeps the pot in addition to the normal winnings shared with a partner. If unsuccessful, the declarer alone doubles the contents of the pot and play continues with the next declarer a game having an opportunity chance to win the pot. In some circles, the sweetener can only be won by the successful declaring pair in a Rufer; both doubling the pot if they lose. 420: 5133: 460:, claimed that Schaffkopf "did not bear the unaesthetic name Schafkopf , which it is frequently called today as if to imply that playing it only required the level of mental ability which wise nature bestows on a dumb animal in our pastures; on the contrary it is the game that "creates intelligence" by giving all those who have had little education the opportunity to learn about combination theory and probability." 8456: 1006: 4448:, but this time the aim is to score as few card points as possible. The player with the most points loses and pays the others. If two or more players score the same number of points, the one with the most tricks loses. If the number of tricks is also equal, the player with the most trumps in the tricks loses; if that number is also equal, the player with the higher trump loses. Special rules adapted from 976: 5170:) and each player only receives 6 instead of the usual 8 cards as in the "long pack". Playing short Schafkopf makes the game faster and alters playing tactics because of the changed probabilities. The cards are more frequently thrown in and partnership games are less common. Sometimes the 9s are removed to leave just 20 cards in the game and players are then dealt 5 cards each. Packs are sold by 996: 986: 1238: 684: 743:) earned 7 pfennigs. These rates were paid by each loser to a different winner. The tariff for matadors was 3 pfennigs for 3 matadors, 5 pfennigs for 4, 7 pfennigs for 5 and so on. At the second level the rates were 5/8/10 and at the third level 10/15/20. The tariff for a Solo is not mentioned but was usually double and paid by each loser to the winner or vice versa. 847:

However, the game is dominated by trumps because the trump suit is usually augmented by Obers and Unters. There is a simple auction in which players get one chance to pass or play a contract. If two offer to play, there is a priority based on the rank of the contract and the order of bidding. The winning bidder becomes the declarer and clarifies the contract.

4840:" Normally a token is placed on the table to confirm this. Depending on the local rules only forehand, only one player or all players may double. If more than one player doubles the game the factors are multiplied, i.e. one player 2x, two players 4x, three players 8x and four players 16x. These factors take effect after all bonuses are added. In the case of 34: 5429:, was this rule relaxed and Schafkopf was recognized in this category; since then the record for continuous playing has been held exclusively by Schafkopf groups (for medical reasons the Guinness rules allow two substitutes). The officially recognized record playing time is currently 260 hours, placed in November 2013 by one Munich group. 2575:, a simple win earns 1 game point for each partner on the winning team and costs -1 for each loser. A soloist who wins with 61-90 card points earns 5 game points from each defender for a total of 15, costing each defender -5 game points. Points may be converted to money at an agreed tariff – see below. 865:

in which any suit may be named as trumps alongside the usual Obers and Unters. The declarer, this time as a soloist, plays alones against the three defenders who band together to try to prevent the declarer from winning. In most games, the target is for the declaring team or soloist to score at least

325:

in 1811. Some kind of Schafkopf was current in Franconia (northern Bavaria) in the first half of the 19th century, but the distinct Bavarian form of the game is only positively recorded from 1879, since when it has become the dominant form, whereas German Schafkopf is only played in a number of local

5351:

Recently, the declining importance of the Schafkopf game as a leisure activity, especially among young people, has been discussed in Bavarian media. This has also been viewed at the municipal level as an imminent loss of part of Bavarian identity; countermeasures are therefore receiving increasingly

4303:

is a classic negative contract where the soloist undertakes not to take a single trick. There are no trumps and, unlike the normal contracts, cards rank in their natural order: A K O U 10 9 8 7. A Bettel ranks above a Rufer and Hochzeit and either just below a Geier/Wenz or between those and a Solo.

3189:

Part of the rich culture of Schafkopf is the diverse range of optional contracts that may be added to classic or 'pure' Schafkopf. These contracts are rarely allowed in tournaments, but have a permanent place in many places where Schafkopf is played for leisure. The ranking of the most common add-on

590:- are rather poorly documented. This may be due, on the one hand, to its relatively low social reputation - in the first half of the 19th century Schafkopf was regarded as a comparatively unfashionable and simple "farmer's game" when seen against the backdrop of ever more popular card games (such as 2295:

when a player is dealt all 4 Obers and all 4 Unters The probability of this is 1 in 10,518,300 (in short cards 1 in 134,596). It is the only game that does not have to be played out; the hand is simply placed on the table. It normally scores four times the basic game value. In many Bavarian pubs, a

5412:

In some localities, the local Schafkopf club holds an 'Eichelober Ball', electing one of their number as the 'Eichelober' (Ober of Acorns), who wears a fancy hat and presides over ceremonial activities. He may be accompanied by Queen of the Ball. The ball may be funded by the penalty money amassed

3228:

The rules vary slightly from region to region. For example, they may stipulate that the wedding card must be placed face up on the table or may only be allowed if all players have passed. In the (rare) case that two players hold only one trump each, a Double Wedding is also possible. The declaring

3259:

is a partnership variant played, for example, if all players have passed, after a Heart Solo or after a lost Solo. Usually a full round (four hands) is played. The players facing one another across the table automatically form teams. Although rules vary from region to region, it is usually agreed

1647:

A). The declarer must not have the Ace in question and must have at least one card of the same suit as the called Ace. The declarer and the owner of the called Ace then play together as a team and will combine their points won in tricks at the end. The other two become the defenders and will also

846:

Schafkopf is a four-player game in which players bid either to play with the aid of a partner or, if their hand is strong enough, to play alone against the other three players. Players receive eight cards from a 32-card, German-suited deck in which the suit ranking is A (high) 10 K O U 9 8 7.

451:

kopf was not uncommon in Bavaria as an alternative spelling for Schafkopf; the ensuing discussion about the supposedly only correct form and its origin was the subject of extensive debate at that time - among other things in the columns of the Bavarian press - before the common variant

361:, Schafkopf is not really seen as a sport, but purely as a leisure activity. As a result, a large number of traditional rules and variants are used in private games, which can vary considerably from region to region. These common forms of the game are referred to as 'impure' Schafkopf ( 5319:

is a form intermediate between Bierkopf and Schafkopf. Again, there are fixed partnerships and no soloist games, but there is an auction and range of contracts with different trump mixes. Like Bierkopf, it is popular in Franconia and has also been produced as an app by Rackoon.

2659:

Seating is pre-determined and player 1 at each table is the first dealer. To shuffle a new pack, the Sixes are removed, the cards spread over the table, face down, and shuffled by all four players. Cards are shuffled a second time by another player before cutting.

4521:) any two cards face down to middlehand. If they are the two lords, middlehand has the same choice. This continues until the third player passes two cards to the dealer, who now has 8 cards. The player who has the two lords announces trumps and must play a 754:

had played and won a Heart Solo with no trumps. He had 2 Aces twice guarded and an Ace guarded singly, but no Tens; he led to the first trick and made 65 points to the astonishment of the other players with 14 trumps between them. In

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to distinguish it. In this older game, which had several variants, the declarer's team was generally determined by a combination of the two highest trump cards, in a not dissimilar manner to the way the Queens of Clubs are used in

2636:

Runners are trumps held by one side or the other in unbroken sequence from the highest downwards. They earn an additional 1 unit per runner provided that there are at least 3 runners in a Rufer or Solo, or at least 2 in a Wenz.

4406:

games or rounds are those for which there is double tariff. Players may agree beforehand that they will occur, for example, after the cards are thrown in, after a lost solo or doubled game, after a game ends 60-all and/or after

538:

The special feature of Bavarian Schafkopf, the selection of a playing partner by 'calling' a Sow (= Deuce, but often called an Ace), was also usual in German Solo; the determination of the winning team by counting card points

759:

in 1881 at a private shooting club party, a gentlemen, Johann Weigel, played and won a Schafkopf without any of the 8 "matadors", which the defenders had to pay on scoring only 59, resulting in long faces and complaining. In

719:

in 1895, in which the author explicitly explains the differences from Schafkopf variants played in northern Germany, i.e. Skat and Doppelkopf. The 1876 poem is reprinted although the author clearly did not know its origin.

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in 1876 which not only lists all 14 trumps, but also the contracts of Rufer and Solo as well as features such as the called Ace and losing Schneider. However, the oldest actual rule set for Bavarian Schafkopf is found in

480:). To this day, such casks are used as tables at beer stands and beer halls. Although this hypothesis is unanimously rejected by experts and there is no evidence for it in older sources, it is widespread on the Internet. 463:

The issue was largely forgotten when author Wolfgang Peschel argued in the early 1990s for the double 'f' spelling based on the popular traditional view that, in earlier times, the game was supposed to have been played

435:

acquired its name at a time when it was played for up to nine or twelve points which were marked with a piece of chalk as lines on a board, gradually forming the stylized appearance of a sheep's head (German:

5334:

Schafkopf, as a genuine leisure pursuit, is, by definition, not organized; nevertheless, many clubs in public life, such as sports or shooting clubs, but also breweries and restaurants, regularly organize

788:. And in 1931, master signwriter M. Schleicher "had the good fortune to be able to play a Solo-Tout with the 8 highest cards "; clearly it was not called a "Sie" at that time, nor was it won without play. 6189: 5220:

A shortened pack is also used for three-hand Schafkopf, players still receiving eight cards as in standard Schafkopf. However, only soloist games (e.g. Wenz, Geier and Solo, but not Rufer) are possible.

594:

or Skat), especially at the universities - and, on the other hand, to changes in concept: originally the name referred to its forerunner, located more or less in the Saxon-Thuringian area and now called

5292:("beer head") is a very simplified form of Schafkopf that is a useful entry-level game. Players play in fixed partnerships, there is no auction and trumps are fixed as Obers, Unters and Hearts, as in a 4513:

O (the 2 highest lords) are removed from the pack before dealing; the dealer deals as usual, but receives only 6 cards. Forehand picks up the 2 cards and must decide whether to pass them on or play a

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The following example is a typical point scoring scheme for social Schafkopf. It may be converted to a payment scheme by setting e.g. 1 point = 10 cents which corresponds to a 10/20 payment system.

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of the called suit and that suit has not already been played, a lower card may be led, and the called Ace held back. This is 'running away' and the called Ace is referred to as the 'Running Sow' (

4023:), the Unters are the highest trumps and, in addition, a trump suit is also chosen. The Obers revert to their normal suits which leaves eleven trumps. Thus there are four distinct contracts: 5984: 2374:

are counted for each side and the game is scored. The declarer's team (declarer plus partner) or soloist must score at least 61 points, which means that the defenders only need 60 to win.

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in the legal sense by the relevant section of the act, § 284 StGB, and may therefore be played in Germany for money. The tariff must be settled before the game starts. Especially in

620:. The assumption often heard in Bavaria that Skat and Doppelkopf developed from the Bavarian Schafkopf is unlikely; a development of all three games from German Schafkopf is more likely. 1183:– which are universally known and the only ones permitted at most tournaments. The following description takes account of the official rules published by the Schafkopf School in Munich. 1272:

Forehand opens by saying "pass" if not wishing to bid, or "I'll play" to bid any contract. If forehand passes, the next player in turn has the same options, and so on round the table.

1119:("Sow") and, despite having "A" as a corner index, displays two suit symbols at each end. This is because the Ace was dropped from German packs very early on and later replaced by the 3209:("Wedding" or "Marriage"). The player who picks up the card first (the dealer invites them to do so in clockwise order) passes a non-trump card face down in exchange to the "suitor" ( 905:. This is for the standard Schafkopf with 'long cards' or with a 'long pack' in which eight cards are dealt to each player. There is also a variant played with 'short cards' called 4877:

doubles the game again. In some circles, forehand may lay, but a subsequent player may only lay if the player beforehand has done so. This is called laying "one after the other" (

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is a contract in which only the Obers are trumps. There are thus 11 trumps and the Unters take their place between the King and Nine of their respective suits. It ranks below a

519:

as well as the selection of a contract by announcing and bidding, probably originate from these games. However, it is likely that the distinctive Bavarian game was derived from

321:. The earliest written reference to the earlier form of Schafkopf – now known as German Schafkopf – dates to 1780, although it only came to notice through the polite society of 660:

or 'Call Ace' contract in the first half of the 19th century - apparently in Franconia. The first clear mention of a game of Schafkopf played according to Bavarian rules (in

2700:

games (the 'unit') and a higher rate for Wenz and Solo games, usually 2 or 5 units, chosen for ease of calculation and coin size. For example, if 5 cents is the rate for a

680:) was more popular. The question about the origin of the Bavarian Schafkopf cannot be answered conclusively, but available sources suggest a migration from north to south. 7161: 2356:

picks it up and places it face down in a pile on the table. The winner of the trick leads to the next trick and so on, until all 32 cards - 8 tricks - have been played.

2238:) – the Obers and Unters remain the highest trumps, but the soloist is free to choose any suit as trumps, its cards then ranking in the usual ace–ten order (see table). 4444:

if the players bidding before him have all passed). There is no declarer and each player plays individually against everyone else. The same trump cards apply as for a

5166:) is "short Schafkopf", also called "sharp Schafkopf", which is played with just 24 cards, the 7s and 8s being removed. This is called playing with a "short pack" ( 1606:

in the same order; and then the remaining Hearts cards - in the order Ace, Ten, King, Nine, Eight, Seven, making a total of 14 trumps (see table). All the rest are

838:) in 2007 which has published a revised version on its website. The School of Schafkopf has established itself as an authority on questions of rule interpretation. 7004: 2284:, card points are irrelevant; the soloist must take every trick to win. If the defenders take a single trick – even one with no card points – the soloist loses. A 6183: 4691:): there is no auction and players compete individually under normal rules. Whoever wins the third trick, must announce a solo contract. In the version called 294:

way of life. Schafkopf is a mentally demanding pastime that is considered "the supreme discipline of Bavarian card games" and "the mother of all trump games."

3300:

contract and the most common outcome in tournaments in the event that all four players pass. In this event, the owner of a particular card (almost always the

1123:. The Deuces used to bear illustrations of a wild boar, hence the nickname "sow". Today, only the Ace of Bells retains a wild boar image. The King, normally 8537: 4475:, a local variant, where the tricks are passed on clockwise at the end of the game, and where the player who has the fewest points at the end also wins. 5403:), who plays Schafkopf regularly with 3 companions - a police officer, lawyer and priest – who routinely help her solve crime in her local Bavarian town. 2726:, then 10 cents is the basic tariff for Schneider and runners (see below); 20 cents is paid for a Rufer and for Schwarz and 50 cents for a Wenz or Solo. 4468:

contract: either the loser pays the basic rate or a specially agreed rate to all players or the two players with the most points pay to the other two.

4740:, then deals the first hand of the final round. For the last round, special rules sometimes apply (double game values, only Solo games or the like). 550:

A possible ancestor of Schafkopf is the game of Scharwenzel, first recorded in Leipzig in 1715, but this is known in two forms. In northern Germany,

6930:

Die deutschen Kartenspiele oder Anleitung die üblichen gesellschaftlichen Spiele mit der deutschen Karte als Solo, Kontra, Schafkopf....zu lernen.

2651:(over 90) and 30 cents for 3 runners making a total game value of 60 cents. Thus she earns 180 cents in total; each opponent paying her 60 cents. 2340:

Once the contract has been announced, forehand leads to the first trick and then the other players play a card in clockwise order. Players must

2620:

it is increased by 2 units (whether the game has been won by the declarer's team or the defenders has no effect on the tariff). The payment of

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If a trick is not yet completed (i.e. the cards are still face up on the table), each player has the right to ask to see the previous trick.

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The player with the called Ace, may not reveal this and is only discovered during play. Strict rules apply to the playing of the called Ace:

6907: 6788: 5267:): the game is played with 'short cards'. Each player is dealt 8 cards and only Solo or Wenz are played. It is not permitted in tournaments. 8483: 8474: 7423: 4671:

of his or her choice. After the end of the round the player with the poorest Solo result makes a pre-agreed payment to the three winners. (

866:

61 of the 120 card points available. There are bonuses for scoring over 3/4 of the points or taking all eight tricks. An exception are the

2729:

In private rounds the minimun number of runners in all contracts may be set at 3. A maximum may also be set at anything between 4 and 14.

5425:

recognized card game records only if they were based on a French deck of 52 cards. Only after the intervention of Bavarian broadcasters,

4059:", thus concealing their strong suit. If that player wins the auction, the suit is clarified by saying e.g. "I'm playing a "Bell Wenz". 1343:

If two players have equal bids, the earlier bidder has the priority. Once either passes, the next player in turn must overcall or pass.

1324:

The first bidder may hold again by saying "myself". The second bidder would now have to announce an intention to take all eight tricks (

1082:. The cards in any one suit have a collective value of 30 points; thus there are 120 points to be played for in the pack. The values in 727:, typically played for low stakes. An 1876 table of "card game tariffs" gives 3 levels of payment. In the cheapest, a single game was 3 6885: 5343:("Schafkopf races"). Despite the comparatively uniform rules of these tournaments, there are still considerable regional differences. 4907:

Taking all the possible contracts, bonuses and doubling mechanisms, results in the following scheme for calculating the game value if

4464:("maiden") (i.e. one or two players do not make a trick, the loser pays twice or four times). There are no fixed rules for settling a 2722:

Sometimes the tariff includes a third sum to counteract the sometimes disproportionate effect of bonuses. For example, if the rate is

4308:, the rate for a soloist game is often used as the basis for calculation, sometimes a separate rate is determined. Variants include: 3190:

contracts is shown in the table alongside the standard Schafkopf contracts (* = classification regionally very different).

799:) in which the declarer called for a non-trump Ace and its holder became the declarer's partner and Hearts were always trumps; and a 6922: 6870: 6133: 6060: 6017: 2583:

If Schafkopf is played for money, the winnings are paid out after the end of each hand. The unit of payment (e.g. 5 cents) and the

2587:(the rate for the different games) must be agreed beforehand. In the official rules the game value for the different contracts is: 4569: 4287: 4281: 4275: 4269: 4262: 4256: 4250: 4244: 3867: 3861: 3855: 3849: 3843: 3837: 3831: 3825: 3694: 3574: 3568: 3562: 3556: 3550: 3544: 3538: 3391: 2096: 2090: 2084: 2078: 2072: 2066: 2060: 2036: 1970: 1908: 1902: 1896: 1890: 1884: 1878: 1872: 1725: 1644: 1581: 1575: 1569: 1563: 1557: 1551: 1424: 1400: 152: 127: 8507: 8459: 7147: 6497: 5725: 4733: 4575: 4557: 4504: 4131: 4125: 4119: 4113: 4106: 4100: 4094: 4088: 3916: 3910: 3904: 3898: 3892: 3886: 3880: 3807: 3676: 3440: 3434: 3428: 3422: 3416: 3410: 3404: 3373: 3303: 2684:

In social games, the cutter may instruct the dealer to deal the cards differently e.g. "all eight" instead of 2 packets of 4, or

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Social games are often played for small stakes where e.g. 1 unit = 5 cents. The tariff is usually made up of a lower rate for

8465: 7058: 4055:). During the bidding process, if two players bid and need to clarify their contracts, a player need only say e.g. "I have a 1131:

and many of the cards, individually or collectively have nicknames. Among the more important are the Unters which are called

6542: 6395: 5787:

It is common for the defenders to lead the called suit in order to 'draw out' the called Ace and establish the partnerships.

2416:) contracts, in which the soloist must take all eight tricks to win. If the defenders take one trick, the soloist has lost. 444:= head). However, evidence of such notation is not found in the Bavarian context where it was invariably played for money. 6422:

Schwarzmann (1876), p. 862. The RCB cites the author as J.B.C–. but several later sources cite L. Schwarzmann of Sulzbach.

6169: 5593:"Schafkopf Booklet - Detailed Instructions for Learning and Improving at the Game of Schafkopf Using German-Suited Cards." 1207:

by the player to the right. When cutting, at least three cards must be lifted or left. The pack may be cut up to 3 times.

1005: 483:

Another theory, which dates to the mid-19th century, is that it comes from "Schaffen" and "Kopf", "to work one's brain".

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Failure to follow suit, criticising or verbally trying to influence the game generally results in the loss of the game.

1977:

between the King and Nine. Hearts are no longer trumps and there is no option to name another suit as trumps as in the

1214:, to the left. Each player receives 8 cards in two rounds: being given 4 cards in the first round and 4 in the second. 8056: 7975: 7713: 7586: 7183: 7035: 975: 807:

any suit and played alone against three defenders. During the 20th century, however, other contracts began to emerge.

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These games, too, are generally only of regional significance, as a result only the most common are described here.

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with 91 card points having had the 3 highest Obers. From each opponent she earns 20 cents for the win, 10 cents for

995: 985: 857:

A player with high trumps and a long suit may risk a soloist game of which there are two in standard Schafkopf: the

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Bayerisch Schaffkopfen - Wissenswertes, Humoriges; mit den offiziellen Regeln des Bayerischen Schaffkopf-Vereins.

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A player may not lead another card of the called suit while holding the called Ace back with the exception below.

6737: 6318:

Royalisten und Republicaner. Aus der Zeit der französischen Republik. Zweite Abtheilung: Graf Larochejacquelein,

664:) dates to the year 1849; and while Schapfkopf playing in Franconia was already widespread in the 1840s, in the 8512: 7955: 6155: 6144: 5422: 374: 254: 831: 456:

kopf became widely accepted from about 1970. However, it was not a new argument. In 1862, the family monthly,

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is also possible with 3 cards being set aside or with 4 cards, in which case all 4 Obers are removed and the

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Schafkopf-Büchlein - Detailliche Anleitung zum Lernen und Verbessern des Schafkopfspiel mit deutschen Karten

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is the normal contract and the one played about 80% of the time. It is a partnership game in which the four

902: 713:

Schafkopf-Büchlein - Detailliche Anleitung zum Lernen und Verbessern des Schafkopfspiel mit deutschen Karten

365:) in contrast with 'pure' or standard Schafkopf which is played in tournaments. The name is sometimes spelt 278:, where it is their national card game played by around two million people, but it also played elsewhere in 7054:

Vols. III. and IV., Munich 1837, 2nd edn. 1877 (combined into Vol. 2) by Georg Karl Frommann, p. 378.

8219: 7905: 6666: 5513: 5498: 1626: 1262: 1254: 1211: 661: 5361:

which is not always intelligible to outsiders. The game has also entered Bavarian culture in other ways:

2326:" This must be done before the second card is played to the first trick. The declarer may redouble with " 1655:

It must be played if its suit is led to a trick, even if the called player has another card of that suit.

746:

Schafkopf competitions were frequently reported in the newspapers along with unusual feats. In 1880, the

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is played, each person partnering the one opposite (this is often a tournament rule), or c) they play a

898: 508: 318: 6408: 4460:, which correspond to a "sweep" or "slam", i.e. one player takes all the tricks to wins the game, and 7880: 7855: 7418: 7330: 5454: 5426: 5336: 5329: 4865:): after picking up their first packet of 4 cards (3 in Short Schafkopf), players in turn may 'lay' ( 4816:

Eight Cards: players may double as they play their first card and redouble as they play their second.

2314:

A defender who might have a stronger hand than the declarer may double the game value by announcing "

1192: 1120: 1075: 785: 528: 7080: 7428: 7413: 6950:, No. 97, November 2018, pp. 25/26, Accessible in the Internet at Stadtzeitung Burgau aktuell. 1934: 1071: 1067: 894: 327: 6214: 4367:

Sometimes special games rounds with different rules are played after certain events (for example,

3338:

player holds all three side suit Aces himself, a Ten may be called or, failing that, even a King.

1298:

When a second bid is made, the first bidder must either pass or say "I'll play myself", to play a

635:" and they go to look for a pack of cards. It also appears in a 1782 Saxon schedule of penalties, 267: 8302: 8239: 8188: 8153: 8099: 7815: 7517: 7360: 7283: 6863:

Schafkopf und Doppelkopf - Für Anfänger und Fortgeschrittene. Regeln und Taktik. Praktische Tipps

5724: 5443: 5233: 4732: 4574: 4562: 4556: 4509: 4503: 4359:

Sometimes variants are played where the Obers and Unters are trumps, but there is no trump suit.

3735: 3729: 3723: 3717: 3711: 3705: 3699: 3687: 3681: 3675: 3302: 1963: 1957: 1951: 1637: 1631: 1599: 1261:

will be played. Players have one opportunity to bid and do so in clockwise order, beginning with

1110: 1043: 1035: 1027: 885:

it is normally played for small stakes to make it more interesting and the players more focused.

516: 357:) and form guidelines for the detail of the game and the conduct of the players. However, unlike 188: 182: 176: 170: 164: 158: 145: 139: 133: 120: 114: 108: 6988: 5998: 4440:

is a contract often played if no-one has bid (often the 'last man' has the option of announcing

2348:. The trick is won by the highest trump or, if no trumps are played, by the highest card of the 8307: 8254: 8183: 7860: 7653: 7598: 7533: 7512: 7449: 7438: 7303: 7257: 7241: 7170: 7017: 6958: 6918: 6903: 6881: 6866: 6852: 6129: 6056: 6013: 5871: 5533: 5371: 5357: 5253: 5214: 4894:): after picking up their first packet of 4 cards (3 in Short Schafkopf), players may 'knock ( 4568: 3693: 3310:

has some special features: the game is won if the declarer's team score 60 card points and is

2987: 2379: 1969: 1643: 1051: 623:

The game of Schafkopf is first recorded in the 1780s in the literature. In Hartmann's comedy,

613: 504: 306: 263: 151: 126: 4647:): After a lost solo, a round played in which forehand must always play and is automatically 1309:

If the first bidder says "I'll play myself", the second must pass unless intending to play a

764:

in 1888, a similar feat was reported: in a game of "the noble Schaffkopf" a player had won a

8194: 8143: 8046: 7920: 7895: 7683: 7638: 7628: 7613: 7565: 7454: 7375: 7314: 7225: 7219: 6776: 5528: 5448: 5202: 5198: 5159: 4712: 4449: 1258: 773: 617: 596: 587: 520: 496: 358: 310: 302: 271: 234: 7890: 1662:

if the led card is of a different suit, even though the called player is void in that suit.

1602:– in the order (highest to lowest) Acorns, Leaves, Hearts and Bells – followed by the four 8126: 8104: 8076: 8012: 7991: 7725: 7522: 7470: 7391: 7380: 7293: 7213: 7208: 6447: 6193: 5488: 5400: 5194: 5171: 5163: 4726:

A Schafkopf session traditionally ends with the words "the old man deals the last round" (

2385: 1090: 769: 724: 673: 665: 544: 419: 7950: 7910: 4695:, the soloist is the first to three tricks; if all take two, it is scored as in a Ramsch. 4590:

Of the myriad special contracts, often regional or local, a selection is described here:

1139:

contract. The Nines, Eights and Sevens, which have no point value and are only of use as

604:

today, for example. The variants played in the Palatinate and in the USA (especially in

5352:

wide support. More and more adult education centres in Bavaria offer Schafkopf courses.

5132: 1283:

with "I'll play too". By overcalling, a player commits to a playing a soloist contract (

683: 507:

through the courtly circles of France in the late 17th century), its four-hand variant,

7935: 7745: 7506: 7480: 7298: 7236: 6977: 5523: 5210: 4765: 4325:. The declarer's cards are placed face up after the first trick. Double the value of a 4322: 4299: 3327: 2584: 1676:). There are no restrictions on a Running Sow; it is played as any other side suit Ace. 784:

a player won a Bell Solo by 4 points with the Ace and Nine of Leaves, but not a single

648: 575: 6244: 6128:

Oxford Dictionary of Card Games, p. 246, David Parlett - Oxford University Press 1996

6103: 1237: 654:

The specifically Bavarian variant of the game originated with the introduction of the

8501: 8435: 8350: 8317: 8244: 7925: 7840: 7678: 7633: 7385: 6757: 6753: 5713: 5709: 5566:

Thuringia as such did not exist at the time but much of the area was ruled by Saxony.

5508: 5206: 4472: 3593:

There are similar contract variants in which another card denomination is entrumped:

3297: 3133: 2353: 1659: 1226: 947: 934: 921: 878: 781: 756: 736: 677: 644: 491:

The indirect precursors of the various games of the Schafkopf family (which includes

6331: 1679:

If the called Ace is not led or demanded earlier, it must be left to the last trick.

346:

are simple variants which make a useful introduction to the more complex Schafkopf.

8431: 8370: 8070: 7986: 7673: 7560: 7550: 7350: 7345: 6229: 6028: 4813:

First (Card): doubling is only allowed as the first card is led to the first trick.

2413: 2253: 1974: 1276: 1222: 1218: 1196: 1023: 960: 867: 811:, in which the player with the most points loses, appears in 1933 and is joined by 751: 669: 8199: 7785: 7527: 5395:

is the title of an early evening programme which was aired by German broadcaster,

4672: 2616:

at the end of the game, the value of the game is increased by 1 unit. If they are

826:

The rules of the game were officially established by the Bavarian Schafkopf Club (

7139: 6647: 6365: 6316: 6148: 2389:: taking all tricks. At 31 card points the declarer's team or soloist are out of 1941:

the declarer plays against the other three players. The only trumps are the four

8441: 8395: 8322: 8204: 8148: 7735: 7668: 7475: 7402: 7397: 7340: 7325: 7096: 5503: 5382:, Max Griesser describes the course of a Hearts Solo during a game of Schafkopf. 5379: 5175: 2991: 2567:

The scale of win and type of contract determine the game points awarded using a

2341: 1204: 708: 591: 559: 555: 551: 512: 500: 314: 59: 6946:

Jedelhauser, Philipp (2018). „Das Schafkopfspiel, Vergnügen und Tradition“, in

2344:. If they are unable to do so, they may either play a trump or any card from a 8292: 8173: 8114: 8029: 7960: 7820: 7805: 7658: 7648: 7365: 7263: 5483: 3205:

A player with only one trump, may place it face down on the table and offer a

2371: 1140: 1083: 601: 571: 492: 387: 298: 7117: 6598: 8385: 8297: 8265: 8234: 8209: 8158: 8040: 8034: 7900: 7885: 7830: 7810: 7760: 7740: 7408: 7370: 7252: 7131: 7102: 6034: 5473: 2345: 1607: 1079: 609: 605: 532: 322: 291: 287: 7288: 6971:

Der gewandte Kartenspieler: 2. Der Schaffkopf: ein geistreiches Kartenspiel

5703:

Alternatively, in social settings, either a) the cards are thrown in and a

705:

Der gewandte Kartenspieler: 2. Der Schaffkopf: ein geistreiches Kartenspiel

7029:

Bayerisch Schaffkopfen: Wissenswertes - Humoriges - Offizielle Spielreglen

6804:"Guinnessbuch der Rekorde: Der Schafkopf-Weltrekord ist wieder in München" 3281:

if there has been no Contra or laying, the team leading to the first trick

2332:" before the second card is played. The role of declarer does not switch. 349:

The first official rules were established by the Bavarian Schafkopf Club (

8365: 8287: 8109: 8082: 7865: 7850: 7825: 7790: 7765: 7698: 7688: 7663: 7608: 7490: 7459: 7443: 7355: 7246: 6940: 5518: 5478: 5468: 5289: 5284: 2568: 2349: 1629:. To choose a playing partner, the declarer 'calls' for a non-trump Ace ( 1280: 1200: 830:) at the 1st Bavarian Schafkopf Congress on 17 December 1989 in Munich's 586:

The origin and development of the game of Schafkopf - in comparison with

339: 270:

for four players that evolved, towards the end of the 19th century, from

230: 6277: 5986:

Bayerische Kartenspiele: Vom Aussterben bedroht: Retten Sie das Karteln!

4286: 4280: 4274: 4268: 4261: 4255: 4249: 4243: 3866: 3860: 3854: 3848: 3842: 3836: 3830: 3824: 3573: 3567: 3561: 3555: 3549: 3543: 3537: 3390: 2300:

is honoured by the custom of no longer using the cards, but framing the

2095: 2089: 2083: 2077: 2071: 2065: 2059: 2035: 1907: 1901: 1895: 1889: 1883: 1877: 1871: 1724: 1580: 1574: 1568: 1562: 1556: 1550: 1423: 1399: 8427: 8375: 8345: 8276: 8178: 8163: 8094: 8088: 8023: 7965: 7930: 7870: 7845: 7835: 7780: 7775: 7755: 7703: 7693: 7618: 7603: 7575: 7539: 7433: 7335: 7308: 7076:, 3rd annual edn., Amberg, Saturday 10 June, p. 375 (in Internet). 6301: 5298:. The game is highly popular in Franconia where it is often played for 4130: 4124: 4118: 4112: 4105: 4099: 4093: 4087: 3915: 3909: 3903: 3897: 3891: 3885: 3879: 3806: 3439: 3433: 3427: 3421: 3415: 3409: 3403: 3372: 2704:

and the Wenz/Solo rate is 20 cents, the basic tariff is referred to as

2138: 2132: 2126: 2120: 2114: 2108: 2041: 2017: 1773: 1767: 1761: 1755: 1749: 1743: 1737: 1706: 1502: 1496: 1490: 1484: 1478: 1472: 1405: 1381: 882: 804: 728: 524: 431:, most of which come from traditional folklore. One suggestion is that 283: 279: 275: 49: 3669:, Leaves are trumps as well as the four Obers. The trump ranking in a 1613:

A player who wishes to play with the help of a partner may announce a

33: 8380: 8360: 8249: 8229: 8214: 8168: 8137: 8132: 8017: 7996: 7945: 7940: 7875: 7800: 7795: 7750: 7730: 7544: 7485: 7465: 7319: 7278: 5493: 5316: 5311: 4711:) any card from another player's hand and give any card in exchange ( 4436: 4430: 2352:. Once there are four cards on the table, the player who has won the 1275:

As soon as someone offers to 'play', a subsequent player must either

874:) contracts, in which the soloist must take all eight tricks to win. 761: 716: 343: 238: 4234: 4228: 4222: 4216: 4209: 4203: 4197: 4191: 4182: 4176: 4170: 4164: 4157: 4151: 4145: 4139: 4005: 3999: 3993: 3987: 3981: 3975: 3969: 3961: 3955: 3949: 3943: 3937: 3931: 3925: 3818: 3812: 3529: 3523: 3517: 3511: 3505: 3499: 3493: 3483: 3477: 3471: 3465: 3459: 3453: 3447: 3384: 3378: 2986:

If playing for money, players may pre-agree that each player puts a

2216: 2210: 2204: 2198: 2192: 2186: 2178: 2172: 2166: 2160: 2154: 2148: 2053: 2047: 2029: 2023: 1949:, hence the name of the contract. They rank from highest to lowest: 1863: 1857: 1851: 1845: 1839: 1833: 1827: 1817: 1811: 1805: 1799: 1793: 1787: 1781: 1718: 1712: 1542: 1536: 1530: 1524: 1518: 1512: 1459: 1453: 1447: 1441: 1435: 1429: 1417: 1411: 1393: 1387: 4615:): three rounds are played, during which each player has to play a 8400: 8271: 8120: 8007: 8002: 7915: 7770: 7623: 7570: 7500: 7273: 7203: 7197: 5131: 4419:

round, the next four deals are played at double the usual tariff.

2397:). For the defending team, the game is won with only 60 points, a 1236: 682: 418: 6700: 8423: 8405: 8390: 8312: 7113: 6663: 5712:

is played in which the game value is doubled, or b) they play a

5584:"The Skilful Card Player: 2. Schafkopf: an Ingenious Card Game." 5538: 3326:) by having no suit in which to call an Ace, it is permitted to 2663:

In some Schafkopf tournaments there is a special variant of the

2304:

hand on the wall together with the date and name of the player.

1347:

If all pass, the cards are thrown in and the next dealer deals.

531:

and spread to Franconia in northern Bavaria through what is now

7143: 5927:

The token could be e.g. a matchbox, special coin or bottle top.

5302:(litres) of beer. It has been reproduced as an app by Rackoon. 3334:) by calling an Ace without having a card of that suit. If the 776:, a player was dealt all eight matadors, a feat now known as a 6012:

Foster's Skat Manual, p. 3, R. F. Foster - Averill Press 2008

5396: 4830:

Knocking: In some circles, doubling is announced by knocking (

694:

The earliest clear description of the game appears in a poem,

543:), instead of tricks, however, has another origin, perhaps in 5229:

The following variants exist for two, three or five players:

3318:

with 90 points). In addition, no Contra may be given. If the

1089:

The Obers and Unters were collectively known historically as

850:

The lowest contract and by far the most commonly played is a

570:

Q. In Bavaria there was a different game that was related to

286:. It is an official cultural asset and important part of the 6701:"Schafkopfrennen Turniere - Deutscher Schafkopf Verein e.V." 1004: 994: 984: 974: 4755:

Variations of the official procedure for doubling include:

1086:

are: Ace 11, Ten 10, King 4, Ober 3, Unter 2, remainder 0.

7069:), Nro. 4. Sunday 9 January 1876. Regensburg: J. Reitmayr. 823:, now standard, was still being described as a variation. 353:) in 1989. These were revised by the School of Schafkopf ( 7107: 6099: 6097: 6095: 6093: 6091: 6089: 5989:

at www.abendzeitung-muenchen.de. Retrieved 17 August 2018

791:

In the early rule sets, there were only two contracts: a

6851:

19th edition. Hanover: Humboldt (2017), pp. 32–38.

6087: 6085: 6083: 6081: 6079: 6077: 6075: 6073: 6071: 6069: 6047: 6045: 6043: 5811:

in which a trump suit is nominated alongside the Unters.

5399:

in 2012. It stars a female detective, Sandra (played by

3742:

The corresponding contracts for the other variants are:

1115:

For historical reasons the Ace is known in Bavaria as a

877:

Schafkopf is not classed by the German authorities as a

427:

There are various theories about the origin of the name

3665:

in which a suit is also nominated as trumps. Thus in a

3275:

if no Stoss or Contra has been said, the first team to

893:

Schafkopf is a four-handed game played with a 32-card,

616:) should be understood as further developments of this 6917:, Niederhausen: Falken (1975/1979), pp. 111–114. 6681:, Niedernhausen im Taunus: Falken-Verlag, 1980, p. 40. 6213:

H. Burger, E. Fischer, H. Riehl-Heyse, J. Blaumeiser:

5853:

In the short game, the 4 Obers and 2 top Unters are a

5252:), a Schafkopf-like game with diverse rules. See also 1265:. The ranking of the contracts in ascending order is: 911: 578:

in which the 4 Unters and possibly 4 Nines were wild.

6793:

at www.oberschneiding.de. Retrieved 15 February 2021.

1336:" or, in the rare event of being dealt all 8 lords, " 5274:): as per normal Schafkopf, but the dealer sits out. 4810:, etc. – are allowed, each doubling the game value. 4317:: a variant found in many regions which is simply a 2624:

is a matter of honour and paid voluntarily, whereas

2401:

is achieved with just 90 points and they are out of

1199:; the player with the highest card wins. The dealer 562:

but with the 4 Unters as permanent trumps below the

8414: 8331: 8055: 7974: 7712: 7585: 7182: 6231:

Die Naturgeschichte nach Wort und Spruch des Volkes

3229:team is the pair that announced the first Wedding. 1191:Four players sit crosswise at the table. The first 631:) published in 1780, Platz tells his brother that " 447:

Until the late 1960s, the alternative spelling Scha

224: 216: 206: 198: 97: 89: 81: 73: 65: 55: 45: 6367:Rhapsodia quaestionum in foro quotidie obunientum, 6104:Schafkopf Rules of the Bavarian Schafkopf School ( 4898:) in clockwise order; each knock doubles the game. 1253:Before play, there is an auction to determine the 6157:Schwänke und Gedichte in sauerländischer Mundart, 711:in 1884. This was followed a decade later by the 515:. The distinction between variable and permanent 7037:Deutsches Magazin: ein illustrirtes Familienbuch 6893:Der "Bayerische" Schafkopf: Strategie u. Taktik. 6844:, 8th edition, Dresden (1988), pp. 177–180. 6398:, 3rd volume, No. 1 date 1 January 1843, p. 375. 6265:Deutsches Magazin: ein illustrirtes Familienbuch 5158:A popular variant in parts of eastern Bavarian ( 4349:but Obers, Unters and hearts are trumps as in a 2291:The highest possible contract in Schafkopf is a 1610:cards and rank in the same order as the Hearts. 6631: 6629: 6627: 6625: 6623: 6621: 6619: 6499:Oberfränkische Zeitung und Bayreuther Anzeiger. 6106:Schafkopfregeln der Bayerischen Schafkopfschule 5870:The origin of the name is uncertain, but may a 4537:must be determined before the cards are dealt. 3604:König, Keni, Krone, Habicht, Adler, Hühnergeier 834:These were updated by the School of Schafkopf ( 26:"The supreme discipline of Bavarian card games" 5557:In both senses: the sheep's head and the game. 1171:) Schafkopf comprises three basic contracts – 7155: 6993:, Vol. 4 (Q–S). Neumünster: Wachholtz Verlag. 6561:, 84th Yr, No. 143, Friday 29 May 1931, p. 2. 6245:"Rules and Regulations of Bavarian Schafkopf" 5178:specifically for the short game and labelled 4667:is played. In each case forehand must play a 3225:("Double Wedding"), two cards are exchanged. 2719:(equivalent to the Schafkopf School tariff). 2708:. In social games, the most common rates are 641:Zechen und Spielen an Werktagen und Sonntagen 305:. These three and the North American game of 8: 7016:. London: Penguin (2008), pp. 225–229. 6332:"Bauernstoss, ein Kartenspiel aus Erfweiler" 6003:at viertreff.de. Retrieved 26 February 2022. 4501:) is played as a full round of 4 deals. The 3314:free with 30 points (correspondingly won as 1267:Rufer, Wenz, Solo, Wenz Tout, Solo Tout, Sie 19: 6982:Das Große Haus- und Familienbuch der Spiele 6842:Erweitetes Spielregelbüchlein aus Altenburg 6679:Schafkopf, Doppelkopf... u.a. "Lokalspiele" 6653:at bibel-forum.de. Retrieved 20 April 2022. 6643: 6641: 5824:was sometimes ranked higher that the other 4525:against the rest. If none wishes to play a 1217:The role of dealer rotates clockwise; four 861:, in which only Unters are trumps, and the 651:in the legal sense and was thus permitted. 647:for example, it was not to be considered a 637:Drinking and Gaming on Workdays and Sundays 39:The Obers and Unters - permanent top trumps 7162: 7148: 7140: 7082:Schafkopf: Ein Versuch, Wisssen zu sammeln 5766:("partnership game") are also encountered. 3637:: only the Sevens are trumps. Ranks above 3213:) and becomes the partner. In the variant 1210:The dealer deals clockwise beginning with 1066:There are eight cards in each suit: Ace, 643:), typically with the remark that, unlike 309:descend from an earlier game, also called 32: 7136:- rules for 'short' Schafkopf (in German) 6998:Schafkopf: Das anspruchsvolle Kartenspiel 6955:Schafkopf for Expats and English Speakers 5389:by Andreas Föhr also deals with the game. 5378:("Hearts are Trumps (then call ...)") by 5355:Schafkopf has its own language, known as 4517:. Either way, forehand passes (pushes or 3602:: only the Kings are trumps. Also called 1313:, which is announced by saying "I have a 317:which, in turn, is the German version of 7047:. Minden (Westphalia): Albrecht Philler. 6649:Spielregeln für den "unreinen" Schafkopf 6442: 6440: 3622:: only the Tens are trumps. Ranks below 2256:, by taking every trick, may announce a 511:, and its simplified German derivative, 7110:site dedicated to Schafkopf (in German) 6878:Schafkopf: Mit Taktik zum Erfolg Band 1 6777:Schafkopf – a bissel was geht immer ZDF 6728:at sauspiel.de. Retrieved 7 March 2022. 6430: 6428: 6384:Der Zuschauer an der Pegnitz (Nürnberg) 5977: 5550: 5339:in Bavaria, where they are also called 2288:usually doubles the normal game value. 1195:is usually decided by drawing from the 999:Hearts symbol of Bavarian playing cards 989:Leaves symbol of Bavarian playing cards 828:Bayerischer Schafkopf-Verein e. V. 6396:Oberpfälzisches Zeitblatt (Regensburg) 6386:, Vol. 2, No. 1, 2 January 1849, p 12. 5886:which mean "you" (informal, singular). 5882:is the formal form of the German word 4881:) as opposed to "all over the place" ( 1009:Bells symbol of Bavarian playing cards 979:Acorn symbol of Bavarian playing cards 18: 5413:during the year by playing the game. 5213:. It is also played in the county of 4707:: the soloist is allowed to 'pluck' ( 4554:) from Munich. Forehand is given the 4071: 3784: 3358: 1995: 1692: 1366: 1143:, are variously known as "sparrows" ( 499:), were the Spanish national game of 373: 258:, lit. 'sheep's head'), also called 253: 7: 6410:Land und Leute im Bayerischen Walde, 5376:Herz ist Trumpf (Dann rufst du an …) 5225:Two-, Three- and Five-Hand Schafkopf 2383:: scoring 91 points or more and for 1279:, by saying "play on" or "good", or 1247:3: Rearhand, cuts the pack, bids 3rd 906: 780:. In 1929, it was reported that, in 750:reported that a Schafkopf player in 423:Traditional Schafkopf scoring system 7125:Traditionelles Stammtisch-Vergnügen 6990:Schleswig-Holsteinisches Wörterbuch 6935:Hartmann, Andreas Gottlieb (1780). 6806:. Augsburger Allgemeine. 2013-11-15 5393:Schafkopf – a bissel was geht immer 3306:O) must play the game as declarer. 2272:outranks all other contracts and a 523:, itself a game that originated in 8538:Card games introduced in the 1840s 7072:_ (1843) Bayer. Staatsbibliothek: 7067:Beiblatt zum Regensburger Tagblatt 7050:Schmeller, Johann Andreas (1837). 7040:, Vol. 1. Berlin: Oswald Seehagen. 6895:Münchener Kommissionsbuchh. 64 pp. 6662:All these variants are covered at 5754:("Call game") in German, although 5750:(lit. "Caller") is usually called 4834:) on the table or by saying e.g. " 4823:the defenders take over the game ( 3219:("Farmers' Wedding"), also called 1127:in German, is often nicknamed the 678:true Tarock game played in Austria 14: 6306:at nsv.de. Retrieved 15 June 2022 5844:in Bavarian and "too" in English. 4819:Taking over the Game: by calling 1249:4: Dealer, deals cards, bids last 8455: 8454: 7063:Regensburger Conversations-Blatt 6957:. Ahrensburg: Tredition Verlag. 6902:. Niedernhausen: Falken (1994). 6216:Bavaria's Prussians are the best 6151:Schwameldirk (En Fastowendstück) 5840:is French for "all"; pronounced 5723: 4921: 4802:, further doubling calls – e.g. 4731: 4663:has been won, a round of forced 4573: 4567: 4561: 4555: 4529:the cards are either thrown in. 4508: 4502: 4285: 4279: 4273: 4267: 4260: 4254: 4248: 4242: 4233: 4227: 4221: 4215: 4208: 4202: 4196: 4190: 4181: 4175: 4169: 4163: 4156: 4150: 4144: 4138: 4129: 4123: 4117: 4111: 4104: 4098: 4092: 4086: 4068: 4004: 3998: 3992: 3986: 3980: 3974: 3968: 3960: 3954: 3948: 3942: 3936: 3930: 3924: 3914: 3908: 3902: 3896: 3890: 3884: 3878: 3865: 3859: 3853: 3847: 3841: 3835: 3829: 3823: 3817: 3811: 3805: 3781: 3734: 3728: 3722: 3716: 3710: 3704: 3698: 3692: 3686: 3680: 3674: 3572: 3566: 3560: 3554: 3548: 3542: 3536: 3528: 3522: 3516: 3510: 3504: 3498: 3492: 3482: 3476: 3470: 3464: 3458: 3452: 3446: 3438: 3432: 3426: 3420: 3414: 3408: 3402: 3389: 3383: 3377: 3371: 3355: 3301: 3017: 2739: 2418: 2215: 2209: 2203: 2197: 2191: 2185: 2177: 2171: 2165: 2159: 2153: 2147: 2137: 2131: 2125: 2119: 2113: 2107: 2094: 2088: 2082: 2076: 2070: 2064: 2058: 2052: 2046: 2040: 2034: 2028: 2022: 2016: 1992: 1968: 1962: 1956: 1950: 1906: 1900: 1894: 1888: 1882: 1876: 1870: 1862: 1856: 1850: 1844: 1838: 1832: 1826: 1816: 1810: 1804: 1798: 1792: 1786: 1780: 1772: 1766: 1760: 1754: 1748: 1742: 1736: 1723: 1717: 1711: 1705: 1689: 1642: 1636: 1630: 1579: 1573: 1567: 1561: 1555: 1549: 1541: 1535: 1529: 1523: 1517: 1511: 1501: 1495: 1489: 1483: 1477: 1471: 1458: 1452: 1446: 1440: 1434: 1428: 1422: 1416: 1410: 1404: 1398: 1392: 1386: 1380: 1363: 700:Regensburger Conversations-Blatt 633:I thought we'd play a Schaafkopf 187: 181: 175: 169: 163: 157: 150: 144: 138: 132: 125: 119: 113: 107: 6635:Merschbacher (2009), pp. 78–86. 6370:Vol. 3, Bayreuth, 1782, p. 115. 5240:): also called Open Schafkopf ( 5182:("Short Sharp Ones"), a pun on 4902: 4730:). The player who last had the 2628:must be claimed by the winner. 7014:The Penguin Book of Card Games 6953:Junker-Latocha, Brian (2023). 6488:, 2 January 1880, No. 2, p. 2. 6448:"Geschichte - Schafkopfschule" 5936:In German, short Schafkopf is 5722:) whereby the player with the 5575:"The Noble Game of Schafkopf." 4869:) a coin or other object, the 4844:the game value doubles but no 4728:Der Alte gibt die letzte Runde 4368: 1978: 1243:1: Forehand, opens the bidding 915:Suits of the Bavarian pattern 567: 386:, and in north Germany in the 326:variants, for example, in the 274:. It is still very popular in 1: 7031:, 2nd edn. Weilheim: Stöppel. 6485:Bamberger neueste Nachrichten 5193:Short Schafkopf is played in 4903:Scoring in 'impure' Schafkopf 3260:that the declarer's team is: 3194:Special partnership contracts 2260:as part of the contract e.g. 2252:A player intending to make a 1241:Bidding sequence: 1, 2, 3, 4. 563: 16:German trick-taking card game 6790:DAS RÄTSELRATEN HAT EIN ENDE 6754:"Schafkopf von Andreas Föhr" 6559:Münchner neueste Nachrichten 6529:Münchner neueste Nachrichten 6514:Münchner neueste Nachrichten 6267:(1862), Volumes 1-2, p. 298. 6160:Paderborn 1861, pp. 135/136. 5728:O declares a contract and a 5258:Two-Player Wendish Schafkopf 5109: 5093: 5049: 5039: 4989: 4923: 4827:) and need 61 points to win. 4582:before any cards are dealt. 4353:and ace–ten ranking is used. 4084: 4079: 4070: 3922: 3873: 3800: 3783: 3490: 3397: 3366: 3357: 3264:the team that said the last 3179: 3167: 3160: 3143: 3131: 3124: 3117: 3110: 3103: 3091: 3084: 3077: 3070: 3063: 3056: 3049: 3031: 3019: 2962: 2948: 2934: 2920: 2906: 2892: 2878: 2867: 2847: 2825: 2816: 2802: 2788: 2772: 2750: 2741: 2542: 2520: 2504: 2488: 2466: 2444: 2420: 2405:with 30 points (see table). 2145: 2102: 2011: 1994: 1824: 1731: 1700: 1691: 1617:and - unless someone bids a 1509: 1466: 1375: 1365: 972: 958: 945: 932: 919: 768:without possessing a single 472:) of barrels (Upper German: 351:Bayerischer Schafkopf-Verein 8484:Tarot and Tarock card games 8475:Non trick-taking card games 6996:Merschbacher, Adam (2009). 5828:, but that is now uncommon. 5799:: pronounced "Vents". Also 5734: 4386: 3269: 1973:U. The Obers rank in their 1147:), "nothings" or "nixers" ( 735:was worth 5 pfennigs and a 8554: 7079:Wiesegger, Johann (2021). 7059:"Das edle Schafkopf-Spiel" 7034:Rodenburg, Julius (1862). 7027:Peschel, Wolfgang (1990). 6579:Schaffer (1956), pp. 5–24. 6544:Fürstenfeldbrucker Zeitung 6407:Karl v. Reinhardstöttner: 6037:. Retrieved 8 August 2021. 5327: 5309: 5293: 5282: 5248:) or Officers' Schafkopf ( 5136:Where Schafkopf is played 4972: 4968: 4853: 4648: 4428: 3276: 3265: 2571:system. For example, in a 1935:the one who bid first wins 1108: 836:Schafkopfschule e. V. 655: 402:and players may be called 297:Its closest relatives are 8450: 7128:- Schafkopfen (in German) 7074:Oberpfälzisches Zeitblatt 7057:Schwarzmann, L. (1876). 6690:Wiesegger (2021), p. 419. 6557:"Gück im Kartenspiel" in 6204:Rodenberg (1862), p. 298. 5718: 5704: 5102: 5099: 5066: 5035: 5032: 5018: 5012: 5006: 4995: 4976: 4960: 4924: 4375: 4080: 3877: 3874: 3804: 3398: 3370: 3342:Special soloist contracts 3180: 3144: 3092: 3087:Bettel Brett, Ramsch Tout 3043: 3032: 2990:(e.g. 10 cents) into the 2848: 2817: 2773: 2756: 2742: 2438: 2433: 2426: 2421: 2106: 2103: 2015: 1732: 1704: 1668:If the called player has 1470: 1467: 1379: 1291: 1285: 1093:, but nowadays as lords ( 914: 582:Emergence and development 229: 31: 24: 7556:Twenty-five (Spoil Five) 7043:Schaffer, Georg (1956). 6742:, dated 7 February 2009. 6502:, 5 November 1881, p. 2. 6171:Freiberger Bier-Comment, 5461:Schafkopf family members 5423:Guinness Book of Records 5153: transition regions 4983: 4955: 4950: 4942: 4934: 4929: 4915:) or payment unit for a 4578:U and must announce the 4415:games. In the case of a 2766: 2761: 2751: 2370:After play is over, the 1925:and is only outbid by a 1135:, hence the name of the 696:Das edle Schafkopf-Spiel 8508:18th-century card games 7171:Trick-taking card games 7120:(in English and German) 7114:The School of Schafkopf 6876:Dillig, Stefan (2020). 6861:Danyliuk, Rita (2013). 6838:Altenburger Spielfabrik 6779:Retrieved 22 April 2014 6532:. 6 January 1888. p. 5. 6517:. 1 January 1888. p. 4. 6364:Karl Ferdinand Hommel: 6234:Nördlingen 1867, p. 83. 6184:Schafkopf history from 6174:Freiberg, 1862, p. 101. 6119:Mensing (1933), p. 279. 6000:Schafkopf Tarock Karten 5244:), Farmer's Schafkopf ( 4363:Special games or rounds 2435:Defending team's result 2428:Declaring team's result 2230:– strictly speaking, a 1929:. If two players bid a 1245:2: Middlehand, bids 2nd 1022:German packs have four 903:Franconian pattern pack 503:(which had reached the 398:. To play Schafkopf is 313:, with influences from 194:Side suit: A 10 K 9 8 7 8533:German deck card games 8523:Four-player card games 7052:Bayerisches Wörterbuch 6987:Mensing, Otto (1933). 6968:Jups. Mangold (1884). 6739:Frankenpost (Kronach), 6704:www.schafkopfrennen.de 6588:Lembke (1974), p. 217. 6548:25 October 1929. p. 2. 6452:www.schafkopfschule.de 6355:Hartmann (1780), p.24. 6321:Leipzig, 1845, p. 164. 5940:and long Schafkopf is 5918:, ("the Hobbled One"). 5654:ich würde auch spielen 5263:Three-hand Schafkopf ( 5201:, as well as parts of 5155: 5147: with short cards 1670:at least 3 other cards 1648:combine their points. 1250: 1203:and then has the pack 1010: 1000: 990: 980: 803:in which the declarer 772:. A few days later in 748:Lichtenfelser Tagblatt 691: 688:Das Schafkopf-Büchlein 424: 264:trick-taking card game 262:, is a popular German 77:Tactics & Strategy 8466:Historical card games 8063:(except where stated) 7190:(except where stated) 7009:, Amberg (Oberpfalz). 6928:Hammer, Paul (1811). 6891:Gregor, Otto (1933). 6849:1x1 der Kartenspiele. 6668:and referenced there. 6570:Gregor (1933), p. 13. 6511:_ (1888). " " in the 5960:. Sharp Schafkopf is 5952:and the long pack is 5337:Schafkopf tournaments 5270:Five-hand Schafkopf ( 5242:Aufgelegter Schafkopf 5141: with long cards 5135: 5064:other solo contracts 4911:is the basic tariff ( 4873:, on the table. Each 4540:Related to four-card 3322:player is 'blocked' ( 3040:all tricks are taken) 2950:lost by soloist with 2377:There is a bonus for 1367:The normal contract: 1240: 1008: 998: 988: 978: 686: 625:The Thankful Daughter 422: 7045:Schafkopf und Tarock 6937:Die Dankbare Tochter 6900:Doppelkopf Schafkopf 6599:"Franconian pattern" 6303:Spielkarten Historie 5944:; the short pack is 5778:, lit. "Called Sow". 5684:ich hätte einen Solo 5455:Tournament Schafkopf 5427:Bayerischer Rundfunk 5374:version of the song 5365:Literature and media 5347:Schafkopf in culture 5330:Tournament Schafkopf 5324:Tournament Schafkopf 4586:Other special rounds 2936:won by soloist with 2745:Partnership contract 629:Die Dankbare Tochter 8528:Bavarian card games 8220:Officers' Schafkopf 6974:. Würzburg: Stahel. 6865:Hanover: Humboldt. 5499:Officers' Schafkopf 5385:The crime thriller 4854:Doubling variations 4852:bonus is paid. See 255:[ˈʃaːfkɔpf] 21: 8416:Swiss German packs 8100:Bohemian Schneider 8047:Württemberg Tarock 7098:Bavarian Schafkopf 6984:. Cologne: Lingen. 6830:Karten-Spiel-Tarif 6472:Karten-Spiel-Tarif 6192:2008-09-26 at the 6051:Wolfgang Peschel: 5962:Scharfer Schafkopf 5665:I'll play myself: 5444:Schafkopf language 5272:Schafkopf zu fünft 5265:Schafkopf zu dritt 5250:Offiziersschafkopf 5238:Schafkopf zu zweit 5234:Two-hand Schafkopf 5156: 4794:Escalation: after 3014:Optional contracts 1625:– will become the 1251: 1167:Standard or pure ( 1163:Standard Schafkopf 1111:Schafkopf language 1011: 1001: 991: 981: 819:in 1956. In 1974, 692: 547:or related games. 478:Schäffler/Scheffel 425: 382:or, historically, 375:[ˈʃafkɔpf] 363:unreiner Schafkopf 260:Bavarian Schafkopf 237: • 233: • 8518:German inventions 8495: 8494: 8308:Wendish Schafkopf 8255:Russian Schnapsen 8064: 7980: 7719: 7592: 7191: 7022:978-0-141-03787-5 6963:978-3-384-02767-2 6857:978-3-86910-367-9 6834:Würzburg: Stahel. 6336:www.erfweiler2.de 5872:folk etymological 5758:("normal game"), 5667:ich spiele selbst 5648:; I'll play too: 5534:Wendish Schafkopf 5358:Schafkopf-Sprache 5215:Main Tauber Kreis 5120: 5119: 4981: 4659:is when, after a 4295: 4294: 4013: 4012: 3581: 3580: 3187: 3186: 3146:Partnership games 3041: 2979: 2978: 2820:Soloist contracts 2565: 2564: 2555:all tricks taken 2452:all tricks taken 2408:An exception are 2224: 2223: 1915: 1914: 1588: 1587: 1015: 1014: 969: 956: 943: 930: 505:Holy Roman Empire 458:Deutsches Magazin 244: 243: 8545: 8488: 8482: 8479: 8473: 8470: 8464: 8458: 8457: 8144:German Schafkopf 8060: 7978: 7717: 7590: 7429:Norseman's knock 7187: 7164: 7157: 7150: 7141: 7012:Parlett, David. 7003:"Obsis" (1895). 6913:Grupp, Claus D. 6898:Grupp, Claus D. 6847:Danyliuk, Rita. 6815: 6814: 6812: 6811: 6800: 6794: 6786: 6780: 6774: 6768: 6767: 6765: 6764: 6749: 6743: 6735: 6729: 6721: 6715: 6714: 6712: 6710: 6697: 6691: 6688: 6682: 6677:Claus D. Grupp: 6675: 6669: 6660: 6654: 6645: 6636: 6633: 6614: 6613: 6611: 6609: 6595: 6589: 6586: 6580: 6577: 6571: 6568: 6562: 6555: 6549: 6539: 6533: 6524: 6518: 6509: 6503: 6495: 6489: 6481: 6475: 6469: 6463: 6462: 6460: 6458: 6444: 6435: 6432: 6423: 6420: 6414: 6405: 6399: 6393: 6387: 6380:"Zur Erinnerung" 6377: 6371: 6362: 6356: 6353: 6347: 6346: 6344: 6342: 6328: 6322: 6313: 6307: 6299: 6293: 6292: 6290: 6288: 6274: 6268: 6262: 6256: 6255: 6253: 6251: 6241: 6235: 6226: 6220: 6211: 6205: 6202: 6196: 6181: 6175: 6167: 6161: 6142: 6136: 6126: 6120: 6117: 6111: 6101: 6064: 6049: 6038: 6026: 6020: 6010: 6004: 5996: 5990: 5982: 5965: 5942:Langer Schafkopf 5938:Kurzer Schafkopf 5934: 5928: 5925: 5919: 5909: 5903: 5893: 5887: 5868: 5862: 5851: 5845: 5835: 5829: 5818: 5812: 5794: 5788: 5785: 5779: 5773: 5767: 5762:("Sow game") or 5745: 5739: 5727: 5701: 5695: 5692:aber keinen Wenz 5676: 5670: 5663: 5657: 5638: 5632: 5613: 5607: 5600: 5594: 5591: 5585: 5582: 5576: 5573: 5567: 5564: 5558: 5555: 5449:German Schafkopf 5421:Until 2006, the 5203:Middle Franconia 5199:Upper Palatinate 5160:Upper Palatinate 5152: 5146: 5140: 4965: 4922: 4825:Kontra übernimmt 4779:Alternatives to 4759:Alternatives to 4746:Other variations 4735: 4577: 4571: 4565: 4559: 4512: 4506: 4289: 4283: 4277: 4271: 4264: 4258: 4252: 4246: 4237: 4231: 4225: 4219: 4212: 4206: 4200: 4194: 4185: 4179: 4173: 4167: 4160: 4154: 4148: 4142: 4133: 4127: 4121: 4115: 4108: 4102: 4096: 4090: 4069: 4008: 4002: 3996: 3990: 3984: 3978: 3972: 3964: 3958: 3952: 3946: 3940: 3934: 3928: 3918: 3912: 3906: 3900: 3894: 3888: 3882: 3869: 3863: 3857: 3851: 3845: 3839: 3833: 3827: 3821: 3815: 3809: 3782: 3764:Suit Eisenbahner 3751:: Also called a 3738: 3732: 3726: 3720: 3714: 3708: 3702: 3696: 3690: 3684: 3678: 3576: 3570: 3564: 3558: 3552: 3546: 3540: 3532: 3526: 3520: 3514: 3508: 3502: 3496: 3486: 3480: 3474: 3468: 3462: 3456: 3450: 3442: 3436: 3430: 3424: 3418: 3412: 3406: 3393: 3387: 3381: 3375: 3356: 3305: 3243:, also callea a 3037: 3018: 2922:lost by soloist 2894:lost by soloist 2869:lost by soloist 2740: 2686:"anti-clockwise" 2655:Tournament rules 2550:no tricks taken 2457:no tricks taken 2419: 2219: 2213: 2207: 2201: 2195: 2189: 2181: 2175: 2169: 2163: 2157: 2151: 2141: 2135: 2129: 2123: 2117: 2111: 2098: 2092: 2086: 2080: 2074: 2068: 2062: 2056: 2050: 2044: 2038: 2032: 2026: 2020: 1993: 1972: 1966: 1960: 1954: 1945:, also known as 1910: 1904: 1898: 1892: 1886: 1880: 1874: 1866: 1860: 1854: 1848: 1842: 1836: 1830: 1820: 1814: 1808: 1802: 1796: 1790: 1784: 1776: 1770: 1764: 1758: 1752: 1746: 1740: 1727: 1721: 1715: 1709: 1690: 1646: 1640: 1634: 1598:are the highest 1583: 1577: 1571: 1565: 1559: 1553: 1545: 1539: 1533: 1527: 1521: 1515: 1505: 1499: 1493: 1487: 1481: 1475: 1462: 1456: 1450: 1444: 1438: 1432: 1426: 1420: 1414: 1408: 1402: 1396: 1390: 1384: 1364: 1317:" or "but not a 959: 946: 933: 920: 912: 842:Overview and aim 723:Schafkopf was a 618:German Schafkopf 597:German Schafkopf 569: 565: 558:game resembling 521:German Schafkopf 377: 372: 272:German Schafkopf 257: 252: 235:German Schafkopf 191: 185: 179: 173: 167: 161: 154: 148: 142: 136: 129: 123: 117: 111: 36: 22: 8553: 8552: 8548: 8547: 8546: 8544: 8543: 8542: 8513:Schafkopf group 8498: 8497: 8496: 8491: 8486: 8480: 8477: 8471: 8468: 8462: 8446: 8410: 8327: 8127:Dreierschnapsen 8105:Bohemian Watten 8077:Bauernschnapsen 8062: 8059: 8051: 7992:Bavarian Tarock 7970: 7821:Klaberjass/Bela 7716: 7708: 7589: 7581: 7381:Knock-out whist 7189: 7186: 7178: 7168: 7093: 7000:. Munich: Pliz. 6824: 6819: 6818: 6809: 6807: 6802: 6801: 6797: 6787: 6783: 6775: 6771: 6762: 6760: 6752:Föhr, Andreas. 6751: 6750: 6746: 6736: 6732: 6722: 6718: 6708: 6706: 6699: 6698: 6694: 6689: 6685: 6676: 6672: 6661: 6657: 6646: 6639: 6634: 6617: 6607: 6605: 6597: 6596: 6592: 6587: 6583: 6578: 6574: 6569: 6565: 6556: 6552: 6540: 6536: 6525: 6521: 6510: 6506: 6496: 6492: 6482: 6478: 6470: 6466: 6456: 6454: 6446: 6445: 6438: 6433: 6426: 6421: 6417: 6406: 6402: 6394: 6390: 6378: 6374: 6363: 6359: 6354: 6350: 6340: 6338: 6330: 6329: 6325: 6314: 6310: 6300: 6296: 6286: 6284: 6282:www.skatfox.com 6276: 6275: 6271: 6263: 6259: 6249: 6247: 6243: 6242: 6238: 6227: 6223: 6212: 6208: 6203: 6199: 6194:Wayback Machine 6182: 6178: 6168: 6164: 6143: 6139: 6127: 6123: 6118: 6114: 6102: 6067: 6050: 6041: 6027: 6023: 6011: 6007: 5997: 5993: 5983: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5968: 5935: 5931: 5926: 5922: 5914:. High German: 5910: 5906: 5894: 5890: 5869: 5865: 5852: 5848: 5836: 5832: 5820:In the past, a 5819: 5815: 5795: 5791: 5786: 5782: 5774: 5770: 5746: 5742: 5702: 5698: 5677: 5673: 5664: 5660: 5650:ich spiele auch 5639: 5635: 5614: 5610: 5601: 5597: 5592: 5588: 5583: 5579: 5574: 5570: 5565: 5561: 5556: 5552: 5547: 5435: 5419: 5410: 5401:Marlene Morreis 5367: 5349: 5341:Schafkopfrennen 5332: 5326: 5314: 5308: 5287: 5281: 5246:Bauernschafkopf 5227: 5195:Upper Franconia 5172:ASS Altenburger 5164:Upper Franconia 5154: 5150: 5148: 5144: 5142: 5138: 5130: 5128:Short Schafkopf 5125: 5071: 5063: 5023: 5000: 4964: 4905: 4753: 4748: 4724: 4713:Bavarian Swabia 4675:, Unterfranken) 4613:Drei-Kombi-Muss 4588: 4483: 4471:A variation is 4433: 4427: 4401: 4399:games or rounds 4365: 4345:): played as a 4067: 3780: 3769:Farbeisenbahner 3651: 3354: 3344: 3290: 3237: 3203: 3196: 3080:Suit Geier Tout 3039: 3038:(those in which 3036: 3016: 2984: 2908:won by soloist 2880:won by soloist 2858:won by soloist 2735: 2694: 2682: 2677: 2657: 2634: 2610: 2581: 2368: 2338: 2312: 2266:Acorn Solo Tout 2250: 1991: 1688: 1362: 1353: 1346: 1248: 1246: 1244: 1242: 1235: 1189: 1165: 1151:) or "blanks" ( 1113: 1107: 1064: 1020: 963: 950: 937: 924: 907:Short Schafkopf 891: 844: 725:penny ante game 715:, published in 666:Bavarian Forest 584: 566:Q, trump 7 and 545:Bavarian Tarock 489: 468:) on the lids ( 417: 412: 370: 355:Schafkopfschule 332:Alte Schoofkopp 250: 211: 193: 156: 131: 106: 98:Rank (high→low) 41: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8551: 8549: 8541: 8540: 8535: 8530: 8525: 8520: 8515: 8510: 8500: 8499: 8493: 8492: 8490: 8489: 8451: 8448: 8447: 8445: 8444: 8439: 8420: 8418: 8412: 8411: 8409: 8408: 8403: 8398: 8393: 8388: 8383: 8378: 8373: 8368: 8363: 8358: 8353: 8348: 8342: 8340: 8329: 8328: 8326: 8325: 8320: 8315: 8310: 8305: 8300: 8295: 8290: 8285: 8279: 8274: 8269: 8263: 8258: 8252: 8247: 8242: 8237: 8232: 8227: 8222: 8217: 8212: 8207: 8202: 8197: 8192: 8186: 8181: 8176: 8171: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8151: 8146: 8141: 8135: 8130: 8124: 8118: 8112: 8107: 8102: 8097: 8092: 8086: 8080: 8074: 8067: 8065: 8053: 8052: 8050: 8049: 8044: 8038: 8032: 8027: 8021: 8015: 8010: 8005: 8000: 7994: 7989: 7983: 7981: 7972: 7971: 7969: 7968: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7948: 7943: 7938: 7936:Tausendundeins 7933: 7928: 7923: 7918: 7913: 7908: 7903: 7898: 7893: 7888: 7883: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7861:Officers' Skat 7858: 7853: 7848: 7843: 7838: 7833: 7828: 7823: 7818: 7813: 7808: 7803: 7798: 7793: 7788: 7783: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7748: 7746:Bauernheinrich 7743: 7738: 7733: 7728: 7722: 7720: 7710: 7709: 7707: 7706: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7666: 7661: 7656: 7651: 7646: 7641: 7636: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7606: 7601: 7595: 7593: 7583: 7582: 7580: 7579: 7573: 7568: 7563: 7558: 7553: 7548: 7542: 7537: 7531: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7510: 7504: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7457: 7452: 7447: 7441: 7436: 7431: 7426: 7421: 7416: 7411: 7406: 7400: 7395: 7389: 7383: 7378: 7373: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7328: 7323: 7317: 7312: 7306: 7301: 7299:Call-ace whist 7296: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7255: 7250: 7244: 7239: 7237:Auction bridge 7234: 7229: 7223: 7217: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7194: 7192: 7180: 7179: 7169: 7167: 7166: 7159: 7152: 7144: 7138: 7137: 7129: 7121: 7118:official rules 7111: 7105: 7092: 7091:External links 7089: 7088: 7087: 7077: 7070: 7055: 7048: 7041: 7032: 7025: 7010: 7001: 6994: 6985: 6978:Lembke, Robert 6975: 6966: 6951: 6948:Burgau aktuell 6944: 6939:. Leipzig and 6933: 6926: 6911: 6896: 6889: 6886:978-3000556647 6874: 6859: 6845: 6835: 6823: 6820: 6817: 6816: 6795: 6781: 6769: 6744: 6730: 6716: 6692: 6683: 6670: 6655: 6637: 6615: 6590: 6581: 6572: 6563: 6550: 6534: 6519: 6504: 6490: 6476: 6464: 6436: 6424: 6415: 6400: 6388: 6372: 6357: 6348: 6323: 6308: 6294: 6269: 6257: 6236: 6221: 6206: 6197: 6176: 6162: 6137: 6121: 6112: 6065: 6039: 6021: 6005: 5991: 5976: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5967: 5966: 5929: 5920: 5904: 5888: 5863: 5857:; there is no 5846: 5830: 5813: 5807:as opposed to 5789: 5780: 5768: 5740: 5696: 5671: 5658: 5633: 5608: 5595: 5586: 5577: 5568: 5559: 5549: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5542: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5465: 5464: 5462: 5458: 5457: 5452: 5446: 5440: 5439: 5434: 5431: 5418: 5415: 5409: 5406: 5405: 5404: 5390: 5383: 5366: 5363: 5348: 5345: 5328:Main article: 5325: 5322: 5310:Main article: 5307: 5304: 5283:Main article: 5280: 5277: 5276: 5275: 5268: 5261: 5254:Officers' Skat 5226: 5223: 5211:the Palatinate 5186:("sharp") and 5149: 5143: 5137: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5118: 5117: 5114: 5108: 5107: 5104: 5101: 5098: 5092: 5091: 5088: 5082: 5076: 5065: 5048: 5047: 5044: 5038: 5037: 5034: 5031: 5028: 5017: 5011: 5005: 4994: 4988: 4987: 4982: 4959: 4957:Multiplication 4954: 4949: 4941: 4933: 4928: 4904: 4901: 4900: 4899: 4886: 4857: 4828: 4817: 4814: 4811: 4792: 4777: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4723: 4720: 4717: 4716: 4697: 4696: 4677: 4676: 4652: 4628: 4601:Allgäuer Runde 4587: 4584: 4499:Schieber-Runde 4495:Schieber Round 4482: 4477: 4429:Main article: 4426: 4421: 4400: 4394: 4364: 4361: 4357: 4356: 4354: 4330: 4304:In settling a 4293: 4292: 4240: 4188: 4136: 4083: 4082: 4078: 4077: 4066: 4061: 4011: 4010: 3966: 3921: 3920: 3876: 3872: 3871: 3803: 3799: 3798: 3779: 3774: 3773: 3772: 3760: 3650: 3644: 3643: 3642: 3630: 3615: 3610:. Ranks below 3579: 3578: 3534: 3489: 3488: 3444: 3400: 3396: 3395: 3369: 3365: 3364: 3353: 3348: 3343: 3340: 3289: 3284: 3283: 3282: 3279: 3273: 3236: 3231: 3222:Doppelhochzeit 3216:Bauernhochzeit 3202: 3197: 3195: 3192: 3185: 3184: 3178: 3177: 3166: 3165: 3159: 3158: 3148: 3142: 3141: 3134:Negative games 3130: 3129: 3123: 3122: 3116: 3115: 3109: 3108: 3102: 3101: 3096: 3090: 3089: 3083: 3082: 3076: 3075: 3073:Suit Wenz Tout 3069: 3068: 3062: 3061: 3055: 3054: 3048: 3047: 3042: 3030: 3029: 3024: 3015: 3012: 2983: 2980: 2977: 2976: 2973: 2970: 2969:immediate win 2967: 2961: 2960: 2957: 2954: 2947: 2946: 2943: 2940: 2933: 2932: 2929: 2926: 2919: 2918: 2915: 2912: 2905: 2904: 2901: 2898: 2891: 2890: 2887: 2884: 2877: 2876: 2873: 2870: 2866: 2865: 2862: 2859: 2856: 2846: 2845: 2840: 2835: 2830: 2824: 2823: 2815: 2814: 2811: 2808: 2801: 2800: 2797: 2794: 2787: 2786: 2783: 2780: 2777: 2771: 2770: 2765: 2760: 2755: 2749: 2748: 2734: 2731: 2693: 2690: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2656: 2653: 2643:Annika wins a 2633: 2630: 2609: 2600: 2599: 2598: 2597:Solo: 5 units 2595: 2594:Wenz: 5 units 2592: 2580: 2577: 2563: 2562: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2541: 2540: 2534: 2533:90–120 points 2531: 2529: 2526: 2519: 2518: 2515: 2512: 2510: 2507: 2503: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2494: 2491: 2487: 2486: 2480: 2477: 2475: 2474:91–120 points 2472: 2465: 2464: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2450: 2443: 2442: 2440:Defending team 2437: 2432: 2430: 2425: 2423:Declaring team 2395:Schneider frei 2367: 2364: 2337: 2334: 2311: 2308: 2249: 2240: 2222: 2221: 2183: 2144: 2143: 2105: 2101: 2100: 2014: 2010: 2009: 1990: 1985: 1913: 1912: 1868: 1823: 1822: 1778: 1734: 1730: 1729: 1703: 1699: 1698: 1687: 1682: 1681: 1680: 1677: 1666: 1663: 1658:It may not be 1656: 1586: 1585: 1547: 1508: 1507: 1469: 1465: 1464: 1378: 1374: 1373: 1361: 1356: 1352: 1349: 1234: 1231: 1188: 1185: 1164: 1161: 1109:Main article: 1106: 1103: 1080:10, 9, 8 and 7 1063: 1060: 1019: 1016: 1013: 1012: 1002: 992: 982: 971: 970: 957: 944: 931: 917: 916: 890: 887: 843: 840: 676:game, not the 649:game of chance 583: 580: 488: 485: 416: 413: 411: 408: 268:ace–ten family 242: 241: 227: 226: 222: 221: 218: 214: 213: 208: 204: 203: 200: 196: 195: 99: 95: 94: 91: 87: 86: 83: 79: 78: 75: 71: 70: 67: 63: 62: 57: 53: 52: 47: 43: 42: 37: 29: 28: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8550: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8521: 8519: 8516: 8514: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8505: 8503: 8485: 8476: 8467: 8461: 8453: 8452: 8449: 8443: 8440: 8437: 8436:Hindersi-Jass 8433: 8429: 8425: 8422: 8421: 8419: 8417: 8413: 8407: 8404: 8402: 8399: 8397: 8394: 8392: 8389: 8387: 8384: 8382: 8379: 8377: 8374: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8362: 8359: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8344: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8334: 8330: 8324: 8321: 8319: 8318:Unteransetzen 8316: 8314: 8311: 8309: 8306: 8304: 8301: 8299: 8296: 8294: 8291: 8289: 8286: 8283: 8280: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8245:Rosbiratschka 8243: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8233: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8203: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8195:Lusti-Kartl'n 8193: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8175: 8172: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8145: 8142: 8139: 8136: 8134: 8131: 8128: 8125: 8122: 8119: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8090: 8087: 8084: 8081: 8078: 8075: 8072: 8069: 8068: 8066: 8058: 8054: 8048: 8045: 8042: 8039: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8025: 8022: 8019: 8016: 8014: 8011: 8009: 8006: 8004: 8001: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7985: 7984: 7982: 7977: 7973: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7947: 7944: 7942: 7939: 7937: 7934: 7932: 7929: 7927: 7926:Slobberhannes 7924: 7922: 7919: 7917: 7914: 7912: 7909: 7907: 7904: 7902: 7899: 7897: 7894: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7842: 7841:Letzter Stich 7839: 7837: 7834: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7804: 7802: 7799: 7797: 7794: 7792: 7789: 7787: 7784: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7723: 7721: 7715: 7711: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7675: 7672: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7634:Catch the ten 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7596: 7594: 7588: 7584: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7535: 7532: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7508: 7505: 7503:(Danish) (20) 7502: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7410: 7407: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7393: 7390: 7387: 7386:Konter a Matt 7384: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7313: 7310: 7307: 7305: 7302: 7300: 7297: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7227: 7224: 7221: 7218: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7199: 7196: 7195: 7193: 7185: 7181: 7176: 7172: 7165: 7160: 7158: 7153: 7151: 7146: 7145: 7142: 7135: 7134: 7130: 7127: 7126: 7122: 7119: 7115: 7112: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7100: 7099: 7095: 7094: 7090: 7085: 7083: 7078: 7075: 7071: 7068: 7064: 7060: 7056: 7053: 7049: 7046: 7042: 7039: 7038: 7033: 7030: 7026: 7023: 7019: 7015: 7011: 7008: 7007: 7002: 6999: 6995: 6992: 6991: 6986: 6983: 6979: 6976: 6973: 6972: 6967: 6964: 6960: 6956: 6952: 6949: 6945: 6942: 6938: 6934: 6931: 6927: 6924: 6923:3-8068-2001-5 6920: 6916: 6915:Karten-spiele 6912: 6909: 6908:3 8068 2015 5 6905: 6901: 6897: 6894: 6890: 6887: 6883: 6879: 6875: 6872: 6871:3-89-994194-2 6868: 6864: 6860: 6858: 6854: 6850: 6846: 6843: 6839: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6826: 6825: 6821: 6805: 6799: 6796: 6792: 6791: 6785: 6782: 6778: 6773: 6770: 6759: 6758:Droemer Knaur 6755: 6748: 6745: 6741: 6740: 6734: 6731: 6727: 6726: 6720: 6717: 6705: 6702: 6696: 6693: 6687: 6684: 6680: 6674: 6671: 6667: 6665: 6659: 6656: 6652: 6650: 6644: 6642: 6638: 6632: 6630: 6628: 6626: 6624: 6622: 6620: 6616: 6604: 6600: 6594: 6591: 6585: 6582: 6576: 6573: 6567: 6564: 6560: 6554: 6551: 6547: 6545: 6538: 6535: 6531: 6530: 6523: 6520: 6516: 6515: 6508: 6505: 6501: 6500: 6494: 6491: 6487: 6486: 6480: 6477: 6474:(1876), p. 1. 6473: 6468: 6465: 6453: 6449: 6443: 6441: 6437: 6431: 6429: 6425: 6419: 6416: 6412: 6411: 6404: 6401: 6397: 6392: 6389: 6385: 6381: 6376: 6373: 6369: 6368: 6361: 6358: 6352: 6349: 6337: 6333: 6327: 6324: 6320: 6319: 6315:G. Hesekiel: 6312: 6309: 6305: 6304: 6298: 6295: 6283: 6279: 6273: 6270: 6266: 6261: 6258: 6246: 6240: 6237: 6233: 6232: 6225: 6222: 6218: 6217: 6210: 6207: 6201: 6198: 6195: 6191: 6188: 6187: 6180: 6177: 6173: 6172: 6166: 6163: 6159: 6158: 6153: 6152: 6146: 6141: 6138: 6135: 6134:0-19-869173-4 6131: 6125: 6122: 6116: 6113: 6109: 6107: 6100: 6098: 6096: 6094: 6092: 6090: 6088: 6086: 6084: 6082: 6080: 6078: 6076: 6074: 6072: 6070: 6066: 6062: 6061:3-924012-31-8 6058: 6054: 6048: 6046: 6044: 6040: 6036: 6032: 6031: 6025: 6022: 6019: 6018:1-4437-2151-4 6015: 6009: 6006: 6002: 6001: 5995: 5992: 5988: 5987: 5981: 5978: 5971: 5963: 5959: 5955: 5951: 5947: 5943: 5939: 5933: 5930: 5924: 5921: 5917: 5913: 5908: 5905: 5901: 5897: 5892: 5889: 5885: 5881: 5877: 5874:analogy with 5873: 5867: 5864: 5860: 5856: 5850: 5847: 5843: 5839: 5834: 5831: 5827: 5823: 5817: 5814: 5810: 5806: 5802: 5798: 5793: 5790: 5784: 5781: 5777: 5772: 5769: 5765: 5761: 5757: 5753: 5749: 5744: 5741: 5737: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5720: 5715: 5711: 5708: 5707: 5700: 5697: 5693: 5689: 5685: 5681: 5675: 5672: 5668: 5662: 5659: 5655: 5651: 5647: 5643: 5637: 5634: 5630: 5627:; I'll play: 5626: 5622: 5618: 5612: 5609: 5605: 5599: 5596: 5590: 5587: 5581: 5578: 5572: 5569: 5563: 5560: 5554: 5551: 5544: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5509:Schieberamsch 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5466: 5463: 5460: 5459: 5456: 5453: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5441: 5437: 5436: 5432: 5430: 5428: 5424: 5416: 5414: 5407: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5391: 5388: 5384: 5381: 5377: 5373: 5369: 5368: 5364: 5362: 5360: 5359: 5353: 5346: 5344: 5342: 5338: 5331: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5313: 5305: 5303: 5301: 5297: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5278: 5273: 5269: 5266: 5262: 5259: 5255: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5232: 5231: 5230: 5224: 5222: 5218: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5207:Lower Bavaria 5204: 5200: 5196: 5191: 5189: 5185: 5181: 5180:Kurze Scharfe 5177: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5134: 5127: 5122: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5105: 5097: 5094: 5089: 5087: 5083: 5081: 5077: 5075: 5070: 5061: 5057: 5053: 5050: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5029: 5027: 5022: 5016: 5010: 5004: 4999: 4993: 4990: 4986: 4979: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4947: 4940: 4939: 4932: 4927: 4920: 4918: 4914: 4910: 4897: 4893: 4892: 4887: 4884: 4883:durcheinander 4880: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4863: 4858: 4855: 4851: 4847: 4843: 4839: 4838: 4833: 4829: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4815: 4812: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4767: 4762: 4758: 4757: 4756: 4750: 4745: 4743: 4741: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4721: 4719: 4714: 4710: 4706: 4705: 4701: 4700: 4699: 4694: 4693:Solo hinterum 4690: 4689:Solo hinterum 4686: 4685: 4681: 4680: 4679: 4674: 4670: 4666: 4662: 4658: 4657: 4653: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4633: 4629: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4597: 4593: 4592: 4591: 4585: 4583: 4581: 4576: 4570: 4564: 4558: 4553: 4549: 4548: 4547:Devil's Round 4543: 4538: 4536: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4520: 4516: 4511: 4505: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4488: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4474: 4473:Schieberamsch 4469: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4443: 4439: 4438: 4432: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4405: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4391: 4389: 4384: 4382: 4378: 4373: 4371: 4362: 4360: 4355: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4335: 4331: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4315: 4311: 4310: 4309: 4307: 4302: 4301: 4291: 4288: 4282: 4276: 4270: 4263: 4257: 4251: 4245: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4230: 4224: 4218: 4211: 4205: 4199: 4193: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4178: 4172: 4166: 4159: 4153: 4147: 4141: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4126: 4120: 4114: 4107: 4101: 4095: 4089: 4085: 4076: 4075: 4065: 4062: 4060: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4030: 4026: 4022: 4018: 4007: 4001: 3995: 3989: 3983: 3977: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3957: 3951: 3945: 3939: 3933: 3927: 3923: 3917: 3911: 3905: 3899: 3893: 3887: 3881: 3868: 3862: 3856: 3850: 3844: 3838: 3832: 3826: 3820: 3814: 3808: 3801: 3796: 3792: 3791: 3787: 3778: 3775: 3770: 3766: 3765: 3761: 3758: 3754: 3750: 3749: 3745: 3744: 3743: 3740: 3737: 3731: 3725: 3719: 3713: 3707: 3701: 3695: 3689: 3683: 3677: 3672: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3649: 3645: 3640: 3636: 3635: 3631: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3620: 3616: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3600: 3596: 3595: 3594: 3591: 3589: 3585: 3575: 3569: 3563: 3557: 3551: 3545: 3539: 3535: 3531: 3525: 3519: 3513: 3507: 3501: 3495: 3491: 3485: 3479: 3473: 3467: 3461: 3455: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3435: 3429: 3423: 3417: 3411: 3405: 3401: 3392: 3386: 3380: 3374: 3367: 3363: 3362: 3352: 3349: 3347: 3341: 3339: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3304: 3299: 3295: 3288: 3285: 3280: 3278: 3274: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3262: 3261: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3235: 3232: 3230: 3226: 3224: 3223: 3218: 3217: 3212: 3208: 3201: 3198: 3193: 3191: 3183: 3175: 3171: 3168: 3164: 3161: 3156: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3139: 3135: 3132: 3128: 3125: 3121: 3118: 3114: 3111: 3107: 3104: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3088: 3085: 3081: 3078: 3074: 3071: 3067: 3064: 3060: 3057: 3053: 3050: 3046: 3035: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3022:Contract type 3020: 3013: 3011: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2981: 2974: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2949: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2935: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2921: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2907: 2902: 2899: 2897: 2893: 2888: 2885: 2883: 2879: 2874: 2871: 2868: 2863: 2860: 2857: 2855: 2851: 2844: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2822: 2821: 2812: 2809: 2807: 2803: 2798: 2795: 2793: 2789: 2784: 2781: 2779:straight win 2778: 2776: 2769: 2764: 2759: 2754: 2747: 2746: 2738: 2733:Scoring table 2732: 2730: 2727: 2725: 2720: 2718: 2714: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2691: 2689: 2687: 2679: 2674: 2672: 2670: 2666: 2661: 2654: 2652: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2612:If a team is 2608: 2604: 2601: 2596: 2593: 2591:Rufer: 1 unit 2590: 2589: 2588: 2586: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2570: 2561: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2535: 2532: 2530: 2527: 2525: 2521: 2516: 2514:60–89 points 2513: 2511: 2509:31–60 points 2508: 2505: 2500: 2498:30–59 points 2497: 2495: 2493:61–90 points 2492: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2478: 2476: 2473: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2456: 2454: 2451: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2436: 2431: 2429: 2424: 2417: 2415: 2411: 2406: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2387: 2382: 2381: 2375: 2373: 2365: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2330: 2325: 2324: 2319: 2318: 2309: 2307: 2305: 2303: 2299: 2294: 2289: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2248: 2244: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2218: 2212: 2206: 2200: 2194: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2174: 2168: 2162: 2156: 2150: 2146: 2140: 2134: 2128: 2122: 2116: 2110: 2097: 2091: 2085: 2079: 2073: 2067: 2061: 2055: 2049: 2043: 2037: 2031: 2025: 2019: 2012: 2007: 2003: 2002: 1998: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1982: 1981: 1976: 1975:natural suits 1971: 1965: 1959: 1953: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1909: 1903: 1897: 1891: 1885: 1879: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1859: 1853: 1847: 1841: 1835: 1829: 1825: 1819: 1813: 1807: 1801: 1795: 1789: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1769: 1763: 1757: 1751: 1745: 1739: 1735: 1726: 1720: 1714: 1708: 1701: 1697: 1696: 1686: 1683: 1678: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1664: 1661: 1657: 1654: 1653: 1652: 1649: 1645: 1639: 1633: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1611: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1582: 1576: 1570: 1564: 1558: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1538: 1532: 1526: 1520: 1514: 1510: 1504: 1498: 1492: 1486: 1480: 1474: 1461: 1455: 1449: 1443: 1437: 1431: 1425: 1419: 1413: 1407: 1401: 1395: 1389: 1383: 1376: 1372: 1371: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1350: 1348: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1328:) by saying " 1327: 1322: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1307: 1305: 1301: 1296: 1294: 1293: 1288: 1287: 1282: 1278: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1239: 1232: 1230: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1215: 1213: 1208: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1194: 1186: 1184: 1182: 1181: 1176: 1175: 1170: 1162: 1160: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1112: 1104: 1102: 1100: 1097:) or bowers ( 1096: 1092: 1087: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1061: 1059: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1017: 1007: 1003: 997: 993: 987: 983: 977: 973: 967: 962: 954: 949: 941: 936: 928: 923: 918: 913: 910: 908: 904: 900: 896: 895:German-suited 888: 886: 884: 880: 879:gambling game 875: 873: 869: 864: 860: 855: 853: 848: 841: 839: 837: 833: 829: 824: 822: 818: 817:Schieber-Solo 814: 810: 806: 802: 798: 794: 789: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 758: 757:Ebermannstadt 753: 749: 744: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 721: 718: 714: 710: 706: 701: 697: 689: 685: 681: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 659: 658: 652: 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 630: 626: 621: 619: 615: 611: 607: 603: 598: 593: 589: 581: 579: 577: 573: 561: 557: 553: 548: 546: 542: 536: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 502: 498: 494: 486: 484: 481: 479: 475: 471: 467: 461: 459: 455: 450: 445: 443: 439: 434: 430: 421: 414: 409: 407: 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 381: 376: 368: 364: 360: 356: 352: 347: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 324: 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 300: 295: 293: 289: 285: 281: 277: 273: 269: 265: 261: 256: 248: 240: 236: 232: 228: 225:Related games 223: 219: 215: 209: 205: 201: 197: 190: 184: 178: 172: 166: 160: 153: 147: 141: 135: 128: 122: 116: 110: 104: 100: 96: 92: 88: 84: 80: 76: 72: 68: 64: 61: 58: 54: 51: 48: 44: 40: 35: 30: 27: 23: 8487:}} 8481:{{ 8478:}} 8472:{{ 8469:}} 8463:{{ 8432:Schieberjass 8371:Calabresella 8260: 8071:Bauernfangen 8057:German packs 8013:Haferltarock 7987:Bauerntarock 7976:German packs 7956:Twenty-eight 7911:Siebenschräm 7714:French packs 7674:Six-bid solo 7587:French packs 7561:Two-ten-jack 7551:Turkish King 7351:German whist 7346:French whist 7184:French packs 7132: 7124: 7097: 7081: 7073: 7066: 7062: 7051: 7044: 7036: 7028: 7013: 7005: 6997: 6989: 6981: 6970: 6954: 6947: 6936: 6929: 6914: 6899: 6892: 6877: 6862: 6848: 6841: 6829: 6822:Bibliography 6808:. Retrieved 6798: 6789: 6784: 6772: 6761:. Retrieved 6747: 6738: 6733: 6725:Kurze Karten 6724: 6719: 6709:29 September 6707:. Retrieved 6703: 6695: 6686: 6678: 6673: 6658: 6648: 6608:29 September 6606:. Retrieved 6602: 6593: 6584: 6575: 6566: 6558: 6553: 6543: 6537: 6528: 6522: 6513: 6507: 6498: 6493: 6484: 6479: 6471: 6467: 6457:29 September 6455:. Retrieved 6451: 6434:Jups (1884). 6418: 6413:1890, p. 66. 6409: 6403: 6391: 6383: 6375: 6366: 6360: 6351: 6341:29 September 6339:. Retrieved 6335: 6326: 6317: 6311: 6302: 6297: 6287:29 September 6285:. Retrieved 6281: 6278:"Geschichte" 6272: 6264: 6260: 6248:. Retrieved 6239: 6230: 6228:W. Medicus: 6224: 6219:Munich 1979. 6215: 6209: 6200: 6185: 6179: 6170: 6165: 6156: 6150: 6149:comments to 6140: 6124: 6115: 6105: 6052: 6029: 6024: 6008: 5999: 5994: 5985: 5980: 5961: 5958:Langes Blatt 5957: 5953: 5950:Kurzes Blatt 5949: 5945: 5941: 5937: 5932: 5923: 5915: 5911: 5907: 5899: 5895: 5891: 5883: 5879: 5875: 5866: 5858: 5854: 5849: 5841: 5837: 5833: 5825: 5821: 5816: 5808: 5804: 5800: 5796: 5792: 5783: 5775: 5771: 5764:Partnerspiel 5763: 5759: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5743: 5733: 5729: 5717: 5705: 5699: 5691: 5687: 5686:; but not a 5683: 5679: 5674: 5666: 5661: 5653: 5649: 5645: 5641: 5636: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5611: 5603: 5598: 5589: 5580: 5571: 5562: 5553: 5420: 5411: 5392: 5386: 5375: 5356: 5354: 5350: 5340: 5333: 5315: 5299: 5294: 5288: 5271: 5264: 5249: 5245: 5241: 5237: 5228: 5219: 5192: 5187: 5183: 5179: 5167: 5157: 5111: 5095: 5085: 5079: 5073: 5068: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5041: 5025: 5020: 5014: 5008: 5002: 4997: 4991: 4985:= Game Value 4984: 4967: 4961: 4956: 4951: 4945: 4943: 4937: 4935: 4930: 4925: 4916: 4912: 4908: 4906: 4895: 4890: 4889: 4882: 4879:nacheinander 4878: 4874: 4870: 4866: 4861: 4860: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4836: 4835: 4831: 4824: 4820: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4795: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4774: 4770: 4764: 4760: 4754: 4742: 4737: 4727: 4725: 4718: 4708: 4703: 4702: 4698: 4692: 4688: 4683: 4682: 4678: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4655: 4654: 4644: 4640: 4636: 4631: 4630: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4612: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4596:Allgäu Round 4595: 4594: 4589: 4579: 4552:Teufelsrunde 4551: 4546: 4545: 4541: 4539: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4514: 4498: 4494: 4491:Schiebersolo 4490: 4486: 4484: 4479: 4470: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4445: 4441: 4435: 4434: 4423: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4403: 4402: 4396: 4387: 4380: 4376: 4369: 4366: 4358: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4333: 4332: 4326: 4318: 4314:Bettel Brett 4313: 4312: 4305: 4298: 4296: 4266: 4214: 4162: 4110: 4073: 4072: 4063: 4056: 4053:Schellenwenz 4052: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4014: 3875:Side suits: 3795:Schellenwenz 3794: 3789: 3788: 3785: 3776: 3768: 3763: 3762: 3756: 3752: 3747: 3746: 3741: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3652: 3647: 3638: 3633: 3632: 3627: 3623: 3618: 3617: 3611: 3607: 3603: 3598: 3597: 3592: 3587: 3583: 3582: 3399:Side suits: 3360: 3359: 3350: 3345: 3335: 3331: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3293: 3291: 3286: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3238: 3233: 3227: 3221: 3220: 3215: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3204: 3199: 3188: 3181: 3173: 3169: 3162: 3154: 3150: 3145: 3137: 3126: 3119: 3112: 3105: 3098: 3093: 3086: 3079: 3072: 3065: 3058: 3051: 3044: 3033: 3026: 3021: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2985: 2964: 2951: 2937: 2923: 2909: 2895: 2881: 2853: 2849: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2819: 2818: 2805: 2791: 2774: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2744: 2743: 2736: 2728: 2723: 2721: 2716: 2712: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2695: 2685: 2683: 2675:Social games 2668: 2664: 2662: 2658: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2639: 2635: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2611: 2606: 2602: 2582: 2572: 2566: 2559: 2545: 2537: 2528:0–30 points 2523: 2506:simple loss 2501:simple loss 2483: 2479:0–29 points 2469: 2461: 2447: 2439: 2434: 2427: 2422: 2409: 2407: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2384: 2378: 2376: 2369: 2361: 2358: 2339: 2328: 2327: 2322: 2321: 2316: 2315: 2313: 2306: 2301: 2297: 2292: 2290: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2276:overcalls a 2273: 2269: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2251: 2246: 2242: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2225: 2104:Side suits: 2006:Schellensolo 2005: 2000: 1999: 1996: 1987: 1979: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1921:overcalls a 1918: 1916: 1733:Side suits: 1694: 1693: 1684: 1673: 1669: 1650: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1612: 1603: 1595: 1591: 1589: 1468:Side suits: 1369: 1368: 1358: 1354: 1345: 1342: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1323: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1308: 1303: 1299: 1297: 1290: 1284: 1274: 1271: 1266: 1252: 1216: 1209: 1190: 1179: 1178: 1173: 1172: 1168: 1166: 1156: 1152: 1149:Nichtser(le) 1148: 1144: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1116: 1114: 1098: 1094: 1088: 1065: 1055: 1047: 1039: 1031: 1021: 965: 952: 939: 926: 892: 876: 871: 862: 858: 856: 851: 849: 845: 835: 827: 825: 820: 816: 812: 808: 800: 796: 792: 790: 777: 765: 752:Staffelstein 747: 745: 740: 732: 722: 712: 704: 699: 695: 693: 687: 656: 653: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 622: 585: 549: 540: 537: 490: 482: 477: 473: 469: 465: 462: 457: 453: 448: 446: 441: 437: 432: 428: 426: 403: 399: 395: 391: 383: 379: 366: 362: 354: 350: 348: 335: 331: 296: 288:Old Bavarian 259: 246: 245: 212:20 min/round 207:Playing time 102: 101:Trump suit ( 38: 25: 8442:Kaiserspiel 8396:Truc y Flou 8323:Zehnerlegen 8205:Matzlfangen 8149:German Solo 7736:Bassadewitz 7669:Scharwenzel 7507:Skærvindsel 7496:Sixty-three 7476:Ristikontra 7424:Ninety-nine 7341:Forty-fives 7326:Court piece 7269:Black Maria 6603:i-p-c-s.org 6145:F.W. Grimme 6030:Bauernstoss 5954:Lange Karte 5946:Kurze Karte 5756:Normalspiel 5604:Spielansage 5524:Skærvindsel 5504:Scharwenzel 5190:("sheep"). 5176:F.X. Schmid 5168:Kurze Karte 4454:Durchmarsch 4343:Ramsch Tout 3748:Suit Kaiser 3619:Eisenbahner 2667:called the 2517:simple win 2490:simple win 2372:card points 2342:follow suit 1174:Rufer, Wenz 1141:guard cards 1084:card points 1062:Card values 832:Hofbräuhaus 741:Durchmarsch 707:printed in 592:German Solo 576:Grobhäusern 560:German Solo 556:plain-trick 552:Scharwenzel 517:trump cards 513:German Solo 487:Forerunners 404:Schafkopfer 400:Schafkopfen 392:Schaapskopp 380:Schafkopfen 336:Bauernstoss 60:Point-trick 8502:Categories 8293:Trischettn 8174:Kein Stich 8115:Doppelkopf 8030:Mulatschak 7961:Zwanzig ab 7906:Sheepshead 7891:Préférence 7679:Svängknack 7659:Marjapussi 7649:Hindersche 7523:Spoil Five 7366:Hucklebuck 7264:Black lady 7086:Nuremberg. 6943:: Deinzer. 6880:. Dillig. 6827:_ (1872). 6810:2015-01-22 6763:2013-12-16 6541:_ (1929). 6526:_ (1888). 5972:References 5912:Hadschader 5826:suit solos 5822:heart solo 5801:Bauernwenz 5629:ich spiele 5514:Sheepshead 5484:Doppelkopf 5451:(ancestor) 5408:Ceremonies 4913:Grundtarif 4888:Knocking ( 4722:Last round 4632:Hadschader 4081:No trumps 4041:Heart Wenz 4025:Acorn Wenz 3753:Suit König 3671:Leaf Geier 3667:Leaf Geier 3655:Suit Geier 3245:Kreuzrunde 3211:Hochzeiter 3127:Suit Geier 3094:Solo games 3066:Geier Tout 3034:Tout games 2579:Settlement 2544:lost with 2522:lost with 2482:lost with 2460:lost with 1257:and which 1105:Card names 782:Türkenfeld 731:, winning 662:Gräfenberg 614:Sheepshead 602:Doppelkopf 493:Doppelkopf 388:Low German 384:Schaafkopf 367:Schaffkopf 328:Palatinate 307:Sheepshead 299:Doppelkopf 292:Franconian 210:5 min/deal 8386:Tressette 8356:Botifarra 8298:Wallachen 8282:Sixty-six 8266:Schnapsen 8261:Schafkopf 8235:Ramscheln 8225:Quodlibet 8210:Mauscheln 8159:Grasobern 8041:Schnalzen 8035:Perlaggen 7901:Schwimmen 7886:Preferans 7831:Klaverjas 7811:Herzblatt 7806:Fünf dazu 7761:Bierlachs 7741:Bauerchen 7528:Stýrivolt 7409:Lanterloo 7371:Kachufool 7253:Bid whist 7232:All fours 7133:Anleitung 7116:with the 7103:pagat.com 6250:5 January 6186:BR-online 6035:pagat.com 5916:Humpelnde 5809:Farb-Wenz 5678:I have a 5646:ist Recht 5640:Play on: 5617:ich passe 5602:Auction: 5474:Bauerchen 5387:Schafkopf 5033:each × 2 5019:+ each × 4952:+ Runners 4938:Schneider 4846:Schneider 4789:Gegenstoß 4704:Zupf Solo 4673:Mönchberg 4637:Hatschate 4605:Chiprunde 4370:Kreuzbock 4057:Suit Wenz 4049:Bell Wenz 4033:Leaf Wenz 4029:Eichewenz 4017:Suit Wenz 3790:Bell Wenz 3777:Suit Wenz 3757:Farbkönig 3673:is thus: 3659:Farbgeier 3316:schneider 3312:schneider 3241:Kreuzbock 3234:Kreuzbock 3120:Suit Wenz 3059:Wenz Tout 3052:Solo Tout 2988:sweetener 2959:+ 6 each 2945:- 6 each 2931:+ 4 each 2917:- 4 each 2903:+ 3 each 2896:Schneider 2889:- 3 each 2882:Schneider 2875:+ 2 each 2864:- 2 each 2843:Defenders 2813:- 3 each 2810:+ 3 each 2804:won with 2799:- 2 each 2796:+ 2 each 2792:Schneider 2790:won with 2785:- 1 each 2782:+ 1 each 2649:Schneider 2622:Schneider 2614:Schneider 2603:Schneider 2558:won with 2538:Schneider 2536:won with 2524:Schneider 2484:Schneider 2470:Schneider 2468:won with 2446:won with 2403:Schneider 2399:Schneider 2391:Schneider 2380:Schneider 2346:side suit 2278:Wenz Tout 2274:Solo Tout 2262:Wenz Tout 2232:suit solo 2001:Bell Solo 1980:Suit Wenz 1608:side suit 1351:Contracts 1334:Solo Tout 1330:Wenz Tout 940:Grün/Gras 805:entrumped 733:Schneider 610:Minnesota 606:Wisconsin 533:Thuringia 509:Quadrille 440:= sheep, 433:Schafkopf 429:Schafkopf 415:Etymology 390:dialect: 323:Altenburg 319:Quadrille 311:Schafkopf 247:Schafkopf 202:Clockwise 20:Schafkopf 8460:Category 8366:Briscola 8288:Sticheln 8110:Bolachen 8083:Bierkopf 8061:32 cards 8003:Brusbart 7979:36 cards 7881:Polignac 7866:Oma Skat 7856:Mistigri 7851:Marjolet 7826:Klammern 7766:Brandeln 7718:32 cards 7699:Viersche 7689:Tarabish 7664:Rutersju 7591:36 cards 7491:Sheng ji 7481:Rödskägg 7460:Polskpas 7444:Pinochle 7419:Napoleon 7403:Knüffeln 7398:Köpknack 7356:Gong Zhu 7331:Cucumber 7188:52 cards 7108:Sauspiel 6980:(1974). 6941:Budissin 6932:Leipzig. 6664:Sauspiel 6190:Archived 5896:Laufende 5878:, since 5805:Hauswenz 5760:Sauspiel 5752:Rufspiel 5644:; good: 5642:spiel zu 5519:Sheng ji 5479:Bierkopf 5433:See also 5372:Bavarian 5290:Bierkopf 5285:Bierkopf 5279:Bierkopf 5123:Variants 5042:Hochzeit 4962:Doubling 4859:Laying ( 4837:Doppeln! 4751:Doubling 4684:Strixner 4542:Schieber 4531:Schieber 4487:Schieber 4480:Schieber 4462:Jungfrau 4452:are the 4045:Herzwenz 4037:Graswenz 4021:Farbwenz 3786:Example: 3324:gesperrt 3207:Hochzeit 3200:Hochzeit 3151:Hochzeit 2975:-8 each 2828:Contract 2753:Contract 2724:10/20/50 2692:Payments 2669:Reuegeld 2641:Example: 2569:zero-sum 2350:led suit 2323:Spritzn! 2310:Doubling 2236:Farbsolo 1997:Example: 1627:declarer 1281:overcall 1263:forehand 1259:contract 1255:declarer 1212:forehand 1201:shuffles 1091:matadors 1056:Schellen 966:Schellen 899:Bavarian 729:pfennigs 709:Würzburg 674:Bavarian 501:L'Hombre 466:geklopft 340:Bierkopf 231:Bierkopf 8428:Chratze 8346:Aluette 8337:Spanish 8333:Italian 8277:Sedmice 8179:Lampeln 8164:Herzeln 8095:Blattla 8089:Binokel 8024:Kratzen 7966:Zwicken 7931:Solo 66 7871:Pilotta 7846:Manille 7836:Letzter 7781:Coinche 7776:Chouine 7756:Bezique 7704:Voormsi 7694:Trekort 7576:Zwikken 7540:Tarneeb 7434:Oh hell 7414:Mizerka 7336:Femkort 7309:Clabber 6110:, 2007. 5876:Tout/Du 5438:General 5417:Records 5072:or 5 × 5024:or ½ × 5001:or 2 × 4946:Schwarz 4896:klopfen 4891:Klopfen 4850:Schwarz 4832:klopfen 4775:Spritze 4736:O in a 4649:stossed 4544:is the 4519:schiebt 4409:Schwarz 4377:Doppler 4321:played 3661:) is a 3368:Trumps: 3332:renonce 3155:Wedding 3140:etc.)* 2924:Schwarz 2910:Schwarz 2838:Soloist 2806:Schwarz 2763:Winners 2632:Runners 2626:Schwarz 2618:Schwarz 2607:Schwarz 2560:Schwarz 2546:Schwarz 2462:Schwarz 2448:Schwarz 2386:Schwarz 2366:Scoring 2329:Retour! 2280:. In a 1937:. In a 1702:Trumps: 1674:Laufsau 1660:smeared 1377:Trumps: 1233:Auction 1225:make a 1157:Luschen 1145:Spatzen 1133:Wenzels 883:Bavaria 774:Freyung 770:matador 698:in the 612:, c.f. 572:Färbeln 525:Leipzig 476:, c.f. 410:History 371:German: 284:Austria 282:and in 280:Germany 276:Bavaria 266:of the 251:German: 66:Players 50:Germany 8381:Julepe 8361:Brisca 8351:Bestia 8303:Watten 8250:Rumpel 8240:Ramsen 8230:Ramsch 8215:Mucken 8200:Mariáš 8189:Lupfen 8169:Herzla 8154:Gilten 8140:(2x24) 8138:Gaigel 8133:Elfern 8117:(2x24) 8091:(2x24) 8018:Jaggln 7997:Bieten 7951:Tuppen 7946:Toepen 7941:Tippen 7876:Piquet 7816:Kaiser 7801:Fipsen 7796:Euchre 7786:Écarté 7751:Belote 7731:Baloot 7545:Thunee 7518:Spades 7486:Shelem 7466:Priffe 7446:(2x24) 7361:Hearts 7320:Chlust 7294:Bridge 7289:Bourré 7284:Boston 7279:Bonken 7020: 6961: 6921: 6906: 6884: 6869: 6855: 6154:. In: 6132: 6059: 6055:1992. 6016: 5900:Läufer 5776:Rufsau 5735:Ramsch 5621:weiter 5615:Pass: 5494:Mucken 5317:Mucken 5312:Mucken 5306:Mucken 5300:Masses 5184:scharf 5151: 5145: 5139: 5084:+ 1 × 5078:+ 1 × 5013:+ 1 × 5007:+ 1 × 4931:Tariff 4821:Contra 4808:Re-Sub 4800:Retour 4781:Retour 4771:Kontra 4766:Contra 4709:zupfen 4645:Hatsch 4641:Hadsch 4623:and a 4609:Fisiko 4572:O and 4507:O and 4466:Ramsch 4442:Ramsch 4437:Ramsch 4431:Ramsch 4424:Ramsch 4390:rounds 4388:Ramsch 4383:rounds 4372:rounds 4347:Bettel 4339:Mörtel 4327:Bettel 4323:ouvert 4319:Bettel 4306:Bettel 4300:Bettel 4074:Bettel 4064:Bettel 4047:) and 3802:Trumps 3759:) etc. 3599:Kaiser 3328:renege 3270:Contra 3182:Ramsch 3138:Bettel 2833:Result 2768:Losers 2758:Result 2585:tariff 2412:(i.e. 2320:" or " 2317:Stoss! 2013:Trumps 1967:U and 1947:Wenzen 1943:Unters 1604:Unters 1600:trumps 1193:dealer 1169:reiner 1099:Bauern 1095:Herren 1050:) and 1044:Hearts 1036:Leaves 1032:Eichel 1028:Acorns 948:Hearts 935:Leaves 927:Eichel 922:Acorns 813:Bettel 809:Ramsch 762:Pasing 717:Amberg 690:, 1895 670:Tarock 645:Hazard 529:Saxony 474:Schaff 470:Köpfen 344:Mucken 239:Mucken 220:Medium 217:Chance 93:German 74:Skills 46:Origin 8401:Truco 8339:packs 8272:Sedma 8184:Lorum 8121:Dreeg 8008:Dobbm 7916:Sjavs 7791:Enflé 7771:Bruus 7654:Knack 7624:Bruus 7609:Bräus 7599:Agram 7571:Whist 7534:Sueca 7513:Smear 7501:Sjavs 7450:Pitch 7439:Pedro 7304:Cinch 7274:Bluke 7258:Bisca 7247:Baśka 7242:Barbu 7204:3-5-8 7198:3-2-5 5748:Rufer 5730:Rufer 5714:force 5710:round 5545:Notes 5469:Baśka 5370:In a 5295:Rufer 5188:Schaf 5060:Geier 4992:Rufer 4973:Legen 4969:Stoss 4917:Rufer 4875:Leger 4871:Leger 4867:legen 4862:Legen 4796:Stoss 4761:Stoss 4738:Rufer 4665:Solos 4656:Minas 4617:Rufer 4446:Rufer 4351:Rufer 4015:In a 3663:Geier 3648:Geier 3646:Suit 3634:Spatz 3628:Geier 3624:Adler 3612:Geier 3584:Geier 3361:Geier 3351:Geier 3298:force 3296:is a 3266:Stoss 3249:Kreuz 3170:Force 3163:Rufer 3113:Geier 2996:Stock 2956:- 18 2942:+ 18 2928:- 12 2914:+ 12 2775:Rufer 2717:10/50 2713:10/20 2710:5/20, 2702:Rufer 2698:Rufer 2665:Stock 2573:Rufer 2354:trick 2226:In a 1923:Rufer 1615:Rufer 1596:Obers 1592:Rufer 1370:Rufer 1359:Rufer 1227:round 1223:hands 1219:deals 1153:Leere 1125:König 1121:Deuce 1076:Unter 1052:Bells 1024:suits 1018:Suits 961:Bells 889:Cards 852:Rufer 797:Rufer 795:(now 793:Frage 786:Unter 737:march 672:(the 657:Rufer 554:is a 541:Augen 438:Schaf 103:Rufer 82:Cards 8424:Jass 8406:Tute 8391:Truc 8376:Gilé 8313:Ulti 8284:(24) 8268:(20) 8257:(24) 8191:(20) 8129:(20) 8123:(24) 8085:(20) 8079:(20) 8073:(20) 8043:(33) 8037:(33) 8026:(33) 8020:(33) 7999:(33) 7921:Skat 7896:Rams 7684:Tapp 7644:Frog 7639:Dapp 7629:Bura 7619:Brús 7614:Brus 7604:Bête 7578:(20) 7566:Vira 7547:(24) 7536:(40) 7530:(48) 7509:(28) 7462:(24) 7455:Phat 7405:(48) 7394:(16) 7388:(24) 7376:King 7322:(20) 7315:Clag 7311:(24) 7260:(40) 7249:(16) 7228:(24) 7226:1001 7222:(24) 7220:1000 7216:(43) 7200:(30) 7175:list 7018:ISBN 6959:ISBN 6919:ISBN 6904:ISBN 6882:ISBN 6867:ISBN 6853:ISBN 6711:2018 6610:2018 6459:2018 6343:2018 6289:2018 6252:2021 6130:ISBN 6057:ISBN 6014:ISBN 5855:Tout 5838:Tout 5797:Wenz 5719:Muss 5706:Bock 5688:Wenz 5680:Solo 5539:Zole 5529:Skat 5380:Trio 5256:and 5209:and 5174:and 5162:and 5116:× 4 5106:× 2 5096:Tout 5067:4 × 5056:Solo 5052:Wenz 5046:× 2 5036:Sum 4996:1 × 4977:Bock 4926:Game 4842:Tout 4798:and 4669:Solo 4661:Solo 4625:Solo 4621:Wenz 4619:, a 4580:Solo 4535:Solo 4527:Solo 4523:Solo 4515:Solo 4458:Mord 4450:Skat 4417:Bock 4404:Bock 4397:Bock 4385:and 4381:Bock 3739:7. 3639:Wenz 3626:and 3608:Bart 3588:Wenz 3336:Muss 3320:Muss 3308:Muss 3294:Muss 3287:Muss 3272:etc. 3257:Goaß 3253:Rock 3239:The 3174:Muss 3106:Wenz 3099:Solo 3027:Game 3008:Topf 3004:Pott 3000:Henn 2972:+24 2952:Tout 2938:Tout 2900:- 9 2886:+ 9 2872:- 6 2861:+ 6 2854:Solo 2850:Wenz 2715:and 2706:5/20 2680:Deal 2645:Solo 2605:and 2414:slam 2410:Tout 2336:Play 2293:Sie, 2286:Tout 2282:Tout 2270:Tout 2268:. A 2258:Tout 2254:slam 2245:and 2243:Tout 2228:solo 1988:Solo 1939:Wenz 1931:Wenz 1927:Solo 1919:Wenz 1695:Wenz 1685:Wenz 1623:Solo 1619:Wenz 1340:". 1332:", " 1326:Tout 1321:". 1319:Wenz 1315:Solo 1311:Solo 1304:Solo 1300:Wenz 1292:Solo 1286:Wenz 1277:pass 1197:pack 1187:Deal 1180:Solo 1177:and 1137:Wenz 1129:Kini 1072:Ober 1068:King 1048:Herz 1040:Gras 953:Herz 872:Tout 868:slam 863:Solo 859:Wenz 821:Wenz 815:and 801:Solo 766:Solo 608:and 588:Skat 574:and 497:Skat 495:and 452:Scha 442:Kopf 396:Kopp 359:Skat 342:and 315:Solo 303:Skat 301:and 290:and 199:Play 90:Deck 56:Type 8335:or 7726:304 7471:Put 7392:Kop 7214:500 7209:400 7101:at 7061:in 6382:in 6033:at 5956:or 5948:or 5898:or 5880:Sie 5859:Sie 5803:or 5652:or 5625:weg 5623:or 5489:Kop 5397:ZDF 5112:Sie 4848:or 4804:Sub 4773:or 4643:or 4566:O, 4560:O, 4493:or 4456:or 4411:or 4392:). 4379:or 4341:or 4334:Pfd 4272:10 4220:10 4168:10 4116:10 4039:), 4031:), 3979:10 3935:10 3889:10 3840:10 3709:10 3606:or 3547:10 3503:10 3457:10 3413:10 3292:A 3277:lay 3268:or 3255:or 3157:)* 3045:Sie 3006:or 2992:pot 2982:Pot 2965:Sie 2302:Sie 2298:Sie 2264:or 2247:Sie 2196:10 2158:10 2118:10 2075:10 1961:U, 1955:U, 1881:10 1837:10 1791:10 1747:10 1641:A, 1635:A, 1621:or 1560:10 1522:10 1482:10 1439:10 1338:Sie 1302:or 1295:). 1289:or 1221:or 1205:cut 1159:). 1155:or 1117:Sau 1101:). 1058:). 1042:), 1034:), 901:or 778:Sie 394:or 334:or 330:as 168:10 8504:: 8434:, 8430:, 6840:, 6756:. 6640:^ 6618:^ 6601:. 6450:. 6439:^ 6427:^ 6334:. 6280:. 6147:: 6068:^ 6042:^ 5884:du 5842:Du 5690:: 5682:: 5619:, 5217:. 5205:, 5197:, 5103:– 5100:– 5090:– 5058:, 5054:, 5030:– 4975:, 4971:, 4944:+ 4936:+ 4919:: 4885:). 4806:, 4787:, 4785:Re 4783:: 4769:, 4763:: 4715:). 4639:, 4611:, 4607:, 4603:, 4489:, 4485:A 4413:Re 4374:, 4297:A 4290:7 4284:8 4278:9 4265:U 4259:O 4253:K 4247:A 4238:7 4232:8 4226:9 4213:U 4207:O 4201:K 4195:A 4186:7 4180:8 4174:9 4161:U 4155:O 4149:K 4143:A 4134:7 4128:8 4122:9 4109:U 4103:O 4097:K 4091:A 4009:7 4003:8 3997:9 3991:O 3985:K 3973:A 3965:7 3959:8 3953:9 3947:O 3941:K 3929:A 3919:7 3913:8 3907:9 3901:O 3895:K 3883:A 3870:7 3864:8 3858:9 3852:O 3846:K 3834:A 3828:U 3822:U 3816:U 3810:U 3797:) 3771:). 3733:8 3727:9 3721:U 3715:K 3703:A 3697:O 3691:O 3685:O 3679:O 3653:A 3590:. 3577:7 3571:8 3565:9 3559:U 3553:K 3541:A 3533:7 3527:8 3521:9 3515:U 3509:K 3497:A 3487:7 3481:8 3475:9 3469:U 3463:K 3451:A 3443:7 3437:8 3431:9 3425:U 3419:K 3407:A 3394:O 3388:O 3382:O 3376:O 3251:, 3247:, 3176:) 3002:, 2998:, 2852:, 2688:. 2671:. 2220:7 2214:8 2208:9 2202:K 2190:A 2182:7 2176:8 2170:9 2164:K 2152:A 2142:7 2136:8 2130:9 2124:K 2112:A 2099:7 2093:8 2087:9 2081:K 2069:A 2063:U 2057:U 2051:U 2045:U 2039:O 2033:O 2027:O 2021:O 2008:) 1983:. 1933:, 1917:A 1911:7 1905:8 1899:9 1893:O 1887:K 1875:A 1867:7 1861:8 1855:9 1849:O 1843:K 1831:A 1821:7 1815:8 1809:9 1803:O 1797:K 1785:A 1777:7 1771:8 1765:9 1759:O 1753:K 1741:A 1728:U 1722:U 1716:U 1710:U 1590:A 1584:7 1578:8 1572:9 1566:K 1554:A 1546:7 1540:8 1534:9 1528:K 1516:A 1506:7 1500:8 1494:9 1488:K 1476:A 1463:7 1457:8 1451:9 1445:K 1433:A 1427:U 1421:U 1415:U 1409:U 1403:O 1397:O 1391:O 1385:O 1306:. 1269:. 1229:. 1078:, 1074:, 1070:, 1026:: 929:) 909:. 897:, 668:, 535:. 527:, 449:ff 406:. 378:) 369:,( 338:. 186:8 180:9 174:K 162:A 149:U 143:U 137:U 124:O 118:O 112:O 105:): 85:32 8438:) 8426:( 7177:) 7173:( 7163:e 7156:t 7149:v 7084:. 7065:( 7024:. 6965:. 6925:. 6910:. 6888:. 6873:. 6832:. 6813:. 6766:. 6713:. 6651:. 6612:. 6546:. 6461:. 6345:. 6291:. 6254:. 6108:) 6063:. 5964:. 5902:. 5861:. 5738:. 5716:( 5694:. 5669:. 5656:. 5631:. 5606:. 5260:. 5236:( 5086:G 5080:G 5074:G 5069:G 5062:, 5026:G 5021:G 5015:G 5009:G 5003:G 4998:G 4980:) 4966:( 4909:G 4856:. 4791:. 4687:( 4651:. 4635:( 4627:. 4599:( 4550:( 4497:( 4337:( 4329:. 4051:( 4043:( 4035:( 4027:( 4019:( 3793:( 3767:( 3755:( 3657:( 3641:. 3614:. 3330:( 3172:( 3153:( 3136:( 2994:( 2393:( 2234:( 2004:( 1054:( 1046:( 1038:( 1030:( 968:) 964:( 955:) 951:( 942:) 938:( 925:( 870:( 739:( 639:( 627:( 568:♠ 564:♣ 539:( 464:( 454:f 249:( 192:7 155:U 130:O 69:4

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