1221:
83:
1096:
761:
44:
603:
441:
1303:, which had survived Coronel. Sturdee's ships reached the Falklands by the morning of 8 December, shortly before Spee's squadron arrived. The British spotted the East Asia Squadron at 09:40; Spee was unaware that the British had sent the two battlecruisers, and when he observed them, he ordered his ships to withdraw. Despite the
632:
of 8.37 m (27 ft 6 in), and displaced 11,616 t (11,433 long tons; 12,804 short tons) standard, and 12,985 t (12,780 long tons; 14,314 short tons) at full load. The ships' hulls were constructed of transverse and longitudinal steel frames, over which the outer hull plating was
710:
s screws were slightly smaller, at 4.60 m (15 ft 1 in) wide on the center shaft and 4.80 m (15 ft 9 in) on the outer pair. The triple expansion engines were supplied with steam by 18 coal-fired marine-type boilers with 36 fire boxes. The engines were designed to provide
884:
The forward conning tower had 200 mm (7.9 in) thick sides and a 30 mm (1.2 in) thick roof. The rear conning tower was less well-armored, with sides that were only 50 mm (2.0 in) thick and a roof that was 20 mm (0.79 in) thick. The main battery gun turrets had
866:
that was 150 mm (5.9 in) thick in the central portion of the ship, extending from abreast the forward conning tower to just aft of the rear tower, where the propulsion machinery areas were located. This was a significant increase in thickness over earlier German armored cruisers. Tests at
819:, which were mounted in individual casemates and pivot mounts in the superstructure. The 8.8 cm guns fired a 7 kg (15 lb) shell at a muzzle velocity of 770 m/s (2,500 ft/s). These guns had a maximum elevation of 25 degrees and a range of 9,100 m (10,000 yd).
501:
in the event that German battleships were damaged and unable to continue fighting. Up to this point, this had not been a consideration in German armored cruiser construction, and so a significant increase in both firepower and armor protection would be required to accommodate it. This in turn
362:
cruisers that preceded them; the extra size was used primarily to increase the main armament of 21 cm (8.2 inch) guns from four to eight. The ships were the first German cruisers to reach equality with their
British counterparts. The ships were named after 19th century Prussian army
880:
planking. The main armored deck ranged in thickness from 60 mm (2.4 in) over critical areas and down to 35 mm (1.4 in) elsewhere. The deck sloped down to connect to the belt at its lower edge; this portion was between 40–55 mm (1.6–2.2 in) thick.
810:
guns in individual casemates. These guns fired a 40 kg (88 lb) shell at a muzzle velocity of 800 m/s (2,600 ft/s). They could be elevated to 30 degrees, which provided a maximum range of 13,900 m (15,200 yd). For close-range defense against
735:
ran at 23.6 knots (43.7 km/h; 27.2 mph). The vessels carried 800 t (790 long tons; 880 short tons) of coal normally, though they were capable of storing up to 2,000 t (2,000 long tons; 2,200 short tons) of coal. This provided a maximum range of 4,800
871:
had revealed that the 100 mm (3.9 in) belt used in all preceding designs was too thin to stop the medium-caliber shells that the cruisers would likely face in combat. The belt decreased to 80 mm (3.1 in) on either end of the central
798:
of 780 meters per second (2,600 ft/s). The turrets had a maximum range of 16,200 m (53,100 ft), while the casemates could only engage targets out to 12,300 m (13,500 yd). The guns were supplied with a total of 700 rounds.
793:
operated, and the mounts provided a range of elevation from -5 to +30 degrees. The casemates used electric motors to train the guns, but elevation was hand-operated. These guns fired a 108-kilogram (238 lb) armor-piercing shell at a
885:
170 mm (6.7 in) thick sides and 30 mm (1.2 in) thick roofs, while the amidships guns were protected with 150 mm (5.9 in) thick gun shields and 40 mm (1.6 in) thick roofs. The
748:) at a cruising speed of 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph). The ships had a single rudder. The vessels' electrical plant consisted of four turbo-generators that delivered 260 kilowatts at 110
1135:. Because the German ships had an advantage in speed, Spee was able to keep the distance to 18 kilometers, before closing to 12 km (6.5 nmi) to engage the British flotilla at 19:00.
1897:
1365:
In
Imperial German Navy gun nomenclature, "SK" (Schnelladekanone) denotes that the gun is quick loading, while the L/40 denotes the length of the gun. In this case, the L/40 gun is 40
1030:
on a routine cruise; the rest of Spee's squadron was dispersed around the
Pacific. The declaration of war by Japan on Germany convinced Spee to consolidate his force with the cruisers
566:
Several other minor changes were introduced, including a strengthening of the tertiary battery of 8.8 cm (3.5 in) guns to the level used in contemporary battleships like the
844:
and had a range of 1,500 m (4,900 ft) when set at a speed of 31 knots (57 km/h; 36 mph) and 3,000 m (9,800 ft) at 26 knots (48 km/h; 30 mph).
660:, when serving as the squadron second command flagship, had an extra staff of 3 officers and 25 men. The ships carried a number of smaller vessels, including two picket boats, two
2466:
1890:
2001:
1883:
2774:
1026:
were regarded as well-trained vessels; both ships won awards for their excellence at gunnery. At the start of World War I, the two ships were in the
876:; this extended all the way to the bow and almost completely to the stern, the extreme end of which was not armored. The entire belt was backed with
2806:
1307:, the fast battlecruisers quickly caught up with the worn-out German ships, which had just completed a 16,000 mile voyage without repairs.
2087:
1822:
1803:
1784:
1762:
1739:
1716:
1697:
1675:
482:, then the world's preeminent naval force. Germany's armored cruiser force followed a series of iterative developments based on the cruiser
2509:
893:
of armor that was 130 mm (5.1 in) thick, while the guns themselves were protected with 80 mm (3.1 in) thick shields.
2801:
1968:
2328:
2265:
1192:
remarked that it was "the saddest naval action of the war." The defeat was the first to be inflicted on the Royal Navy since the 1814
497:
During the design process for the class, the
General Department issued a request that the new cruisers be capable of fighting in the
1845:
2491:
2165:
1246:
478:
and as scouts for the main battle fleet in German waters. The naval expansion program was primarily directed against the
British
1310:
At approximately 13:20, the battlecruisers opened fire at a range of 14 kilometers (8.7 mi). After a two-hour-long battle,
2516:
2151:
711:
26,000 metric horsepower (19,000 kW; 26,000 ihp), though on trials they achieved higher figures—28,782 ihp for
1994:
1240:
1087:, and decided to avoid the risk. The French had also set fire to the coal stocks to prevent the Germans from using the coal.
975:
429:
402:
as the squadron flagship, which had been on station since 1900. Both ships had short careers; shortly before the outbreak of
2375:
2158:
2101:
1220:
1189:
582:
220:
2201:
2108:
2094:
2080:
567:
33:
588:
demonstrated the excessive blast effect interfered with control of the ships, and so those guns were suppressed in the
1042:
from the
American station, and head for Chile to refuel. The flotilla would then attempt to return to Germany via the
2062:
695:
class: three 3-cylinder triple expansion engines. Each engine drove a single propeller; that one the center shaft on
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
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2136:
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2034:
1078:
1751:
Die
Linienschiffe der Kaiserlichen Marine: 1906–1918; Konstruktionen zwischen Rüstungskonkurrenz und Flottengesetz
1322:
had been hit more than 50 times at close range; the crew gave three cheers for the Kaiser before the vessel sank.
2556:
2349:
2048:
1987:
1341:
701:
was 4.7 m (15 ft 5 in) in diameter while the outer two were 5 m (16 ft 5 in) wide.
2796:
2279:
1709:
Naval
Weapons of World War One: Guns, Torpedoes, Mines and ASW Weapons of All Nations; An Illustrated Directory
1304:
816:
278:
665:
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2401:
2321:
2300:
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2027:
1154:
s ammunition magazines, which resulted in a tremendous explosion that destroyed the ship. The light cruiser
943:
807:
621:
364:
271:
1095:
889:
that supported the turrets were 140 mm (5.5 in) thick. The 15 cm battery was protected by a
2411:
2396:
2307:
1071:
638:
475:
2706:
1664:
Campbell, N. J. M. & Sieche, Erwin (1986). "Germany". In
Gardiner, Robert & Gray, Randal (eds.).
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760:
419:
2726:
2721:
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2185:
563:
class was the first German armored cruiser design that compared favorably to its foreign counterparts.
397:
1857:
Die
Deutschen Kriegsschiffe: Biographien – ein Spiegel der Marinegeschichte von 1815 bis zur Gegenwart
1834:
Die Deutschen Kriegsschiffe: Biographien – ein Spiegel der Marinegeschichte von 1815 bis zur Gegenwart
1755:
The Battleships of the Imperial Navy: 1906–1918; Constructions between Arms Competition and Fleet Laws
723:. The ships were rated at a top speed of 22.5 knots (41.7 km/h; 25.9 mph), though on trials
2716:
2696:
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2666:
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2656:
2641:
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2416:
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1142:
368:
88:
43:
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2626:
2621:
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1276:
1161:
1047:
1011:
1131:
At approximately 17:00 on 1 November 1914, the East Asia Squadron encountered Cradock's ships off
2406:
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2193:
1943:
1294:
1282:
1171:
1037:
1031:
998:
803:
521:
483:
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387:
356:
338:
98:
17:
602:
654:, as the squadron flagship, had a larger crew, including an additional 14 officers and 62 men.
2359:
1864:
1841:
1818:
1799:
1780:
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1735:
1712:
1693:
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833:
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411:
198:
2551:
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2536:
2483:
2128:
1665:
1209:
1067:
1027:
1979:
2177:
1920:
1288:
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927:
873:
795:
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471:
344:
332:
153:
1861:
The German Warships: Biographies − A Reflection of Naval History from 1815 to the Present
1838:
The German Warships: Biographies − A Reflection of Naval History from 1815 to the Present
1772:
1155:
2222:
1952:
1186:
1132:
1046:. Spee also intended to attack the three British cruisers under the command of Admiral
1043:
782:
617:
498:
111:
2790:
2235:
2120:
1927:
1728:
1270:
1100:
959:
934:
836:, and the fourth was placed in the stern. The ships were supplied with a total of 11
774:
737:
669:
661:
642:
574:
350:
264:
2388:
2143:
1685:
829:
812:
629:
528:
285:
440:
1316:
was dead in the water and listing heavily. The ship was sunk shortly thereafter.
2016:
1269:
was placed in command of the flotilla, which also included the armored cruisers
1250:
1245:
Some six hours after news of the battle reached England, Fisher ordered Admiral
1180:
859:
536:
403:
311:
557:) more power for the propulsion system. As a result of these improvements, the
2019:
1205:
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1197:
1084:
863:
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778:
554:
532:
479:
415:
305:
299:
204:
1875:
1868:
741:
517:
444:
226:
1070:
with the intention of seizing the coal stockpiled in the harbor. The ships
1121:
following. In the middle distance are several vessels of the Chilean fleet
729:
steamed at a maximum of 23.5 knots (43.5 km/h; 27.0 mph), while
2243:
966:
886:
786:
513:
1779:. Vol. I: Major Surface Vessels. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
1370:
1075:
1063:
1008:
938:
841:
837:
828:-class ships were equipped with four 45 cm (18 in) submerged
407:
1212:, in order to destroy the British wireless transmitter located there.
2528:
1855:
Hildebrand, Hans H.; Röhr, Albert & Steinmetz, Hans-Otto (1993).
1832:
Hildebrand, Hans H.; Röhr, Albert & Steinmetz, Hans-Otto (1993).
970:
890:
868:
677:
546:
494:
class represented the culmination of that evolutionary development.
1516:
1514:
648:
The ships had a standard crew of 38 officers and 726 enlisted men.
2671:
1219:
1094:
759:
634:
616:
The ships of the class were 144.60 meters (474 ft 5 in)
601:
509:
439:
997:
Upon commissioning, both ships of the class were assigned to the
789:
located amidships. The turrets were the DrL C/01 type, which was
785:
on the centerline, and the remaining four were mounted in single
573:. The design staff considered adding a pair of these guns to the
410:. On 1 November 1914, the ships destroyed a British force at the
1340:
managed to escape temporarily, before she too was destroyed off
1204:
to be awarded to the men of Spee's squadron. After refueling in
877:
749:
745:
673:
1983:
1879:
545:
class. The speed increase was achieved by the addition of two
470:
in Germany, passed in 1900, envisioned a force of fourteen
852:
As was the standard for German warships, the ships of the
840:. The C/03 torpedo carried a 147.5-kilogram (325 lb)
689:-class ships used the same powerplant as in the preceding
1840:] (in German). Vol. 3. Ratingen: Mundus Verlag.
1050:, and any British shipping encountered. On 22 September,
1690:
The Kaiser's Battlefleet: German Capital Ships 1871–1918
1369:, meaning that the gun is 40 times as long as it is in
1757:] (in German). Bonn: Bernard & Graefe Verlag.
1147:
some 34 times; at least one of the shells penetrated
29:
Class of armored cruisers of the German Imperial Navy
1620:
1618:
1616:
1567:
1565:
773:
The ships' main battery armament consisted of eight
2527:
2500:
2482:
2459:
2386:
2358:
2234:
2176:
2119:
2071:
2015:
1670:. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 134–189.
815:, the ships carried a tertiary battery of eighteen
1815:"Luxury" Fleet: The Imperial German Navy 1888–1918
1727:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
581:, but experience with the same arrangement on the
428:-class ships, was subsequently annihilated at the
1667:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921
1520:
822:As was customary for warships of the period, the
1083:. However, Spee feared that the harbor had been
527:. The weight increase secured a doubling of the
422:in 1814. The East Asia Squadron, including both
343:(Imperial Navy). The class comprised two ships,
1344:. Some 2,200 men were killed, among them Spee.
535:, and an increase in top speed by more than a
1995:
1891:
1863:]. Vol. 7. Ratingen: Mundus Verlag.
8:
1335:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1265:to hunt down the German ships. Vice Admiral
1230:
1224:
1136:
1116:
1110:
1104:
1057:
1051:
1021:
1015:
1002:
853:
823:
765:
730:
724:
718:
712:
702:
696:
690:
684:
655:
649:
645:that ran for 50% of the length of the hull.
620:, and 143.80 m (471 ft 9 in)
607:
589:
558:
540:
503:
489:
457:
423:
391:
381:
375:
336:
324:
67:
49:
628:of 21.60 m (70 ft 10 in), a
2002:
1988:
1980:
1898:
1884:
1876:
1208:, the East Asia Squadron departed for the
1196:. After news of the battle reached Kaiser
1185:both escaped under the cover of darkness.
900:
832:. One was mounted in the bow, one on each
406:, the ships departed the German colony at
163:12,985 t (12,780 long tons) full load
2775:List of ships of the Imperial German Navy
1099:The German squadron (background) leaving
2766:Building for the Netherlands when seized
2010:German naval ship classes of World War I
1170:sank as well. The British light cruiser
1074:that resulted in the sinking of the old
1730:The First World War: A Complete History
1385:
1358:
314:: 35 to 60 mm (1.4 to 2.4 in)
1160:closed to point-blank range to attack
38:
775:21 cm (8.3 in) SK L/40 guns
598:General characteristics and machinery
171:144.60 m (474 ft 5 in)
7:
1798:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
1711:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
1544:
1532:
1505:
508:s were accordingly about 2,000
502:required much larger ships, and the
179:21.60 m (70 ft 10 in)
1969:List of armored cruisers of Germany
1607:
1583:
1404:
781:, one fore and one aft of the main
2760:Building for Argentina when seized
1648:
1636:
1624:
1595:
1571:
1556:
1493:
1481:
1469:
1440:
1428:
1416:
1392:
331:was the last class of traditional
187:8.37 m (27 ft 6 in)
25:
1692:. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing.
396:relieved the old armored cruiser
279:8.8 cm (3.5 in) SK L/35
18:Scharnhorst class armored cruiser
1103:on 3 November after the battle,
808:15 cm (5.9 in) SK L/40
390:in 1909 and 1910, respectively.
272:15 cm (5.9 in) SK L/40
81:
42:
2807:World War I cruisers of Germany
1253:, to detach the battlecruisers
1796:A Naval History of World War I
1241:Battle of the Falkland Islands
1216:Battle of the Falkland Islands
976:August Neidhardt von Gneisenau
430:Battle of the Falkland Islands
221:triple-expansion steam engines
1:
2460:Small / Coastal torpedo boats
1072:conducted a short bombardment
520:) heavier than the preceding
474:for both service overseas in
1166:; after a severe pummeling,
374:Built for overseas service,
355:. They were larger than the
284:4 × 45 cm (18 in)
34:Scharnhorst-class battleship
2073:Pre-dreadnought battleships
1817:. Amherst: Humanity Books.
1229:rolls over and sinks while
867:the navy's firing range at
418:its first defeat since the
308:: 180 mm (7.1 in)
302:: 150 mm (5.9 in)
2823:
2802:Scharnhorst-class cruisers
1777:German Warships: 1815–1945
1238:
1200:in Berlin, he ordered 300
1124:
31:
2735:
1964:
1938:
1916:
1794:Halpern, Paul G. (1995).
1707:Friedman, Norman (2011).
1293:, and the light cruisers
1062:approached the island of
958:
926:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
476:Germany's colonial empire
238:22.7 knots (42 km/h)
144:
58:
41:
1813:Herwig, Holger (1998) .
1726:Gilbert, Martin (2004).
858:class were protected by
817:8.8 cm SK L/35 guns
717:and 30,396 ihp for
265:21 cm (8.3 in)
32:Not to be confused with
1749:Grießmer, Axel (1999).
1334:were also sunk, though
1249:, the commander of the
944:Gerhard von Scharnhorst
639:watertight compartments
414:and inflicted upon the
365:Gerhard von Scharnhorst
145:General characteristics
1336:
1330:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1236:
1231:
1225:
1137:
1122:
1117:
1111:
1105:
1058:
1052:
1022:
1016:
1003:
854:
824:
770:
766:
731:
725:
719:
713:
703:
697:
691:
685:
656:
650:
613:
608:
590:
559:
541:
504:
490:
463:
458:
424:
392:
382:
376:
337:
325:
68:
50:
2502:Coastal defense ships
1521:Campbell & Sieche
1419:, pp. 58–59, 67.
1342:Juan Fernández Island
1223:
1194:Battle of Plattsburgh
1098:
763:
637:. The vessels had 15
622:long at the waterline
605:
443:
420:Battle of Plattsburgh
386:were assigned to the
2742:Single ship of class
2089:Kaiser Friedrich III
606:Line drawing of the
577:roof abreast of the
549:that provided 7,100
531:, a 50% increase in
456:, the basis for the
369:August von Gneisenau
335:built by the German
89:Imperial German Navy
1639:, pp. 157–158.
1598:, pp. 155–156.
1559:, pp. 68, 206.
1535:, pp. 141–142.
1048:Christopher Cradock
1012:Maximilian von Spee
903:
2360:Protected cruisers
1443:, pp. 65, 68.
1237:
1235:continues to fight
1123:
999:East Asia Squadron
902:Construction data
901:
804:secondary armament
771:
764:Aft gun turret on
614:
586:-class battleships
464:
388:East Asia Squadron
339:Kaiserliche Marine
199:water-tube boilers
2782:
2781:
2484:Aircraft carriers
1977:
1976:
1824:978-1-57392-286-9
1805:978-1-55750-352-7
1786:978-0-87021-790-6
1764:978-3-7637-5985-9
1741:978-0-8050-7617-2
1718:978-1-84832-100-7
1699:978-1-84832-229-5
1677:978-0-85177-245-5
1431:, pp. 67–68.
1178:auxiliary cruiser
1127:Battle of Coronel
1091:Battle of Coronel
990:
989:
980:28 December 1904
551:metric horsepower
449:of the preceding
412:Battle of Coronel
320:
319:
108:Succeeded by
16:(Redirected from
2814:
2370:Kaiserin Augusta
2178:Armored cruisers
2004:
1997:
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1981:
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1886:
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1374:
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1339:
1333:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1234:
1228:
1210:Falkland Islands
1153:
1140:
1120:
1115:in the lead and
1114:
1108:
1068:French Polynesia
1061:
1055:
1028:Caroline Islands
1025:
1019:
1006:
954:24 October 1907
935:Blohm & Voss
904:
857:
827:
769:
734:
728:
722:
716:
709:
706:
700:
694:
688:
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611:
593:
562:
544:
507:
493:
472:armored cruisers
461:
427:
395:
385:
379:
342:
333:armored cruisers
328:
251:788 enlisted men
207:(19,000 kW)
87:
85:
84:
71:
53:
46:
39:
21:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2797:Cruiser classes
2787:
2786:
2783:
2778:
2731:
2523:
2496:
2478:
2455:
2382:
2377:Victoria Louise
2354:
2230:
2172:
2115:
2067:
2011:
2008:
1978:
1973:
1960:
1934:
1912:
1910:-class cruisers
1904:
1854:
1848:
1831:
1825:
1812:
1806:
1793:
1787:
1771:
1765:
1748:
1742:
1725:
1719:
1706:
1700:
1684:
1678:
1663:
1660:
1655:
1647:
1643:
1635:
1631:
1623:
1614:
1606:
1602:
1594:
1590:
1582:
1578:
1570:
1563:
1555:
1551:
1543:
1539:
1531:
1527:
1519:
1512:
1504:
1500:
1492:
1488:
1480:
1476:
1468:
1447:
1439:
1435:
1427:
1423:
1415:
1411:
1403:
1399:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1377:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1267:Doveton Sturdee
1243:
1218:
1151:
1129:
1093:
995:
993:Service history
899:
850:
796:muzzle velocity
777:, four in twin
758:
707:
600:
438:
432:on 8 December.
192:Installed power
154:Armored cruiser
82:
80:
54:
37:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2820:
2818:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2789:
2788:
2780:
2779:
2768:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2736:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2533:
2531:
2525:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2514:
2506:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2488:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2471:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2426:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2393:
2391:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2380:
2373:
2364:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2291:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2263:
2256:
2249:
2240:
2238:
2236:Light cruisers
2232:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2220:
2213:
2206:
2203:Prinz Adalbert
2199:
2196:Prinz Heinrich
2191:
2188:Fürst Bismarck
2182:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2141:
2134:
2125:
2123:
2121:Battlecruisers
2117:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2077:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2053:
2046:
2039:
2032:
2024:
2022:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1984:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1949:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1925:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1852:
1846:
1829:
1823:
1810:
1804:
1791:
1785:
1769:
1763:
1746:
1740:
1723:
1717:
1704:
1698:
1682:
1676:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1651:, p. 158.
1641:
1629:
1627:, p. 157.
1612:
1600:
1588:
1576:
1574:, p. 206.
1561:
1549:
1547:, p. 336.
1537:
1525:
1523:, p. 140.
1510:
1508:, p. 177.
1498:
1496:, p. 268.
1486:
1474:
1445:
1433:
1421:
1409:
1407:, p. 102.
1397:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1239:Main article:
1217:
1214:
1187:First Sea Lord
1125:Main article:
1092:
1089:
1044:Atlantic Ocean
994:
991:
988:
987:
984:
981:
978:
973:
964:
956:
955:
952:
951:23 March 1906
949:
948:22 March 1905
946:
941:
932:
924:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
898:
895:
862:. They had an
849:
846:
783:superstructure
757:
754:
738:nautical miles
599:
596:
499:line of battle
485:Prinz Heinrich
437:
434:
399:Fürst Bismarck
318:
317:
316:
315:
309:
303:
295:
291:
290:
289:
288:
282:
275:
268:
267:(2 × 2, 4 × 1)
259:
255:
254:
253:
252:
249:
244:
240:
239:
236:
232:
231:
230:
229:
223:
215:
211:
210:
209:
208:
201:
193:
189:
188:
185:
181:
180:
177:
173:
172:
169:
165:
164:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
142:
141:
138:
134:
133:
130:
126:
125:
122:
118:
117:
109:
105:
104:
96:
92:
91:
78:
74:
73:
72:-class cruiser
65:
61:
60:
59:Class overview
56:
55:
47:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2819:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2785:
2777:
2776:
2772:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2389:torpedo boats
2385:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2372:
2371:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2299:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2221:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2190:
2189:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2169:
2168:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2005:
2000:
1998:
1993:
1991:
1986:
1985:
1982:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1951:Followed by:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1942:Preceded by:
1941:
1940:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1911:
1909:
1901:
1896:
1894:
1889:
1887:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1847:3-7822-0211-2
1843:
1839:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1820:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1788:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1773:Gröner, Erich
1770:
1766:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1747:
1743:
1737:
1734:. Macmillan.
1732:
1731:
1724:
1720:
1714:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1686:Dodson, Aidan
1683:
1679:
1673:
1669:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1650:
1645:
1642:
1638:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1613:
1610:, p. 89.
1609:
1604:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1589:
1586:, p. 66.
1585:
1580:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1487:
1484:, p. 50.
1483:
1478:
1475:
1472:, p. 52.
1471:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1398:
1395:, p. 28.
1394:
1389:
1386:
1380:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1359:
1352:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1338:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1247:John Jellicoe
1242:
1233:
1227:
1222:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1190:Jackie Fisher
1188:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1164:
1159:
1158:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1139:
1134:
1128:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1054:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1018:
1014:'s flagship.
1013:
1010:
1005:
1000:
992:
986:6 March 1908
985:
983:14 June 1906
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
968:
965:
963:
962:
957:
953:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
936:
933:
931:
930:
925:
922:Commissioned
905:
896:
894:
892:
888:
882:
879:
875:
870:
865:
861:
856:
847:
845:
843:
839:
835:
831:
830:torpedo tubes
826:
820:
818:
814:
813:torpedo boats
809:
806:included six
805:
800:
797:
792:
791:hydraulically
788:
784:
780:
776:
768:
762:
755:
753:
751:
747:
744:; 5,500
743:
739:
733:
727:
721:
715:
705:
699:
693:
687:
681:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
658:
652:
646:
644:
643:double bottom
640:
636:
631:
627:
624:. They had a
623:
619:
610:
604:
597:
595:
592:
587:
585:
580:
576:
575:conning tower
572:
570:
564:
561:
556:
552:
548:
543:
538:
534:
530:
526:
524:
519:
515:
511:
506:
500:
495:
492:
487:
486:
481:
477:
473:
469:
460:
455:
453:
448:
447:
442:
435:
433:
431:
426:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
400:
394:
389:
384:
378:
372:
370:
366:
361:
359:
354:
353:
348:
347:
341:
340:
334:
330:
327:
313:
310:
307:
304:
301:
298:
297:
296:
293:
292:
287:
286:torpedo tubes
283:
280:
276:
273:
269:
266:
262:
261:
260:
257:
256:
250:
247:
246:
245:
242:
241:
237:
234:
233:
228:
224:
222:
218:
217:
216:
213:
212:
206:
202:
200:
196:
195:
194:
191:
190:
186:
183:
182:
178:
175:
174:
170:
167:
166:
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
143:
139:
136:
135:
131:
128:
127:
123:
120:
119:
116:
115:
110:
107:
106:
103:
101:
97:
94:
93:
90:
79:
76:
75:
70:
66:
63:
62:
57:
52:
45:
40:
35:
27:
19:
2784:
2770:
2769:
2517:
2510:
2467:
2429:
2422:
2376:
2369:
2350:FK proposals
2343:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2301:
2294:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2224:
2216:
2215:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2187:
2167:Ersatz Yorck
2166:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2137:
2131:Von der Tann
2130:
2109:
2103:Braunschweig
2102:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2028:
1954:
1944:
1928:
1921:
1907:
1906:
1860:
1856:
1837:
1833:
1814:
1795:
1776:
1754:
1750:
1729:
1708:
1689:
1666:
1644:
1632:
1603:
1591:
1579:
1552:
1540:
1528:
1501:
1489:
1477:
1436:
1424:
1412:
1400:
1388:
1361:
1309:
1300:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1261:
1255:
1244:
1202:Iron Crosses
1181:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1156:
1148:
1143:
1130:
1079:
1038:
1032:
996:
960:
928:
883:
851:
821:
801:
772:
740:(8,900
682:
647:
618:long overall
615:
584:Braunschweig
583:
568:
565:
553:(7,000
529:main battery
522:
496:
484:
465:
451:
445:
398:
373:
357:
351:
345:
323:
321:
203:26,000
160:Displacement
113:
99:
26:
2754:Conversions
2217:Scharnhorst
2153:Derfflinger
2110:Deutschland
2096:Wittelsbach
2082:Brandenburg
2020:battleships
2017:Dreadnought
1922:Scharnhorst
1908:Scharnhorst
1313:Scharnhorst
1251:Grand Fleet
1226:Scharnhorst
1138:Scharnhorst
1106:Scharnhorst
1053:Scharnhorst
1017:Scharnhorst
1007:serving as
1004:Scharnhorst
929:Scharnhorst
860:Krupp armor
855:Scharnhorst
825:Scharnhorst
779:gun turrets
767:Scharnhorst
726:Scharnhorst
714:Scharnhorst
698:Scharnhorst
686:Scharnhorst
651:Scharnhorst
609:Scharnhorst
591:Scharnhorst
569:Deutschland
560:Scharnhorst
505:Scharnhorst
491:Scharnhorst
466:The Second
459:Scharnhorst
425:Scharnhorst
404:World War I
393:Scharnhorst
377:Scharnhorst
363:reformers,
346:Scharnhorst
326:Scharnhorst
248:52 officers
95:Preceded by
69:Scharnhorst
51:Scharnhorst
2791:Categories
2330:Königsberg
2267:Königsberg
1658:References
1305:head start
1262:Inflexible
1256:Invincible
1206:Valparaiso
1198:Wilhelm II
1101:Valparaíso
916:Laid down
864:armor belt
676:, and one
533:belt armor
518:short tons
488:, and the
480:Royal Navy
416:Royal Navy
227:propellers
225:3 × screw
214:Propulsion
129:In service
2748:Cancelled
2511:Siegfried
2368:SMS
2323:Wiesbaden
2302:Karlsruhe
2295:Magdeburg
2244:SMS
2223:SMS
2194:SMS
2186:SMS
2160:Mackensen
2144:SMS
2129:SMS
2036:Helgoland
1953:SMS
1929:Gneisenau
1869:310653560
1381:Citations
1373:diameter.
1353:Footnotes
1319:Gneisenau
1272:Carnarvon
1232:Gneisenau
1149:Good Hope
1144:Good Hope
1112:Gneisenau
1059:Gneisenau
1023:Gneisenau
961:Gneisenau
919:Launched
913:Namesake
887:barbettes
838:torpedoes
834:broadside
787:casemates
732:Gneisenau
720:Gneisenau
704:Gneisenau
657:Gneisenau
539:over the
514:long tons
468:Naval Law
383:Gneisenau
352:Gneisenau
132:1907–1914
124:1905–1908
112:SMS
77:Operators
2771:See also
2309:Graudenz
2281:Nautilus
2146:Seydlitz
1775:(1990).
1688:(2016).
1545:Friedman
1533:Friedman
1506:Grießmer
1367:calibers
1325:Nürnberg
1278:Cornwall
1176:and the
1168:Monmouth
1163:Monmouth
1157:Nürnberg
1118:Nürnberg
967:AG Weser
910:Builder
756:Armament
672:, three
662:launches
594:design.
516:; 2,200
281:(18 × 1)
258:Armament
2529:U-boats
2337:Brummer
2288:Kolberg
2274:Dresden
2253:Gazelle
2225:Blücher
2063:L 20e α
1955:Blücher
1608:Halpern
1584:Halpern
1405:Gilbert
1337:Dresden
1331:Leipzig
1301:Glasgow
1296:Bristol
1284:Defence
1182:Otranto
1173:Glasgow
1133:Coronel
1076:gunboat
1064:Papeete
1039:Dresden
1033:Leipzig
1009:Admiral
1001:, with
939:Hamburg
874:citadel
842:warhead
670:cutters
666:pinnace
635:riveted
547:boilers
512:(1,970
408:Qingdao
306:Turrets
274:(6 × 1)
114:Blücher
2702:UC III
2687:UB III
2387:Large
2316:Pillau
2260:Bremen
2138:Moltke
2057:Bayern
2043:Kaiser
2029:Nassau
1867:
1844:
1821:
1802:
1783:
1761:
1738:
1715:
1696:
1674:
1649:Herwig
1637:Herwig
1625:Herwig
1596:Herwig
1572:Dodson
1557:Dodson
1494:Herwig
1482:Gröner
1470:Gröner
1441:Dodson
1429:Dodson
1417:Dodson
1393:Herwig
1287:, and
971:Bremen
891:strake
869:Meppen
678:dinghy
668:, two
664:, one
641:and a
579:bridge
462:design
436:Design
360:-class
168:Length
86:
2717:UE II
2697:UC II
2682:UB II
2667:U 151
2662:U 142
2657:U 139
2652:U 135
2647:U 131
2642:U 127
2637:U 115
2441:1916M
2050:König
1947:class
1859:[
1836:[
1753:[
1348:Notes
1152:'
1085:mined
1080:Zélée
907:Name
897:Ships
848:Armor
750:volts
708:'
674:yawls
630:draft
612:class
571:class
454:class
446:Yorck
329:class
294:Armor
277:18 ×
235:Speed
184:Draft
121:Built
102:class
2712:UE I
2707:UD 1
2692:UC I
2677:UB I
2632:U 93
2627:U 87
2622:U 81
2617:U 66
2612:U 63
2607:U 57
2602:U 51
2597:U 43
2592:U 31
2587:U 27
2582:U 23
2577:U 19
2572:U 17
2567:U 16
2562:U 13
2518:Odin
2451:1918
2446:1917
2436:1916
2430:V105
2423:G101
2417:1914
2412:1913
2407:1911
2402:1906
2397:1898
2344:Cöln
2246:Hela
2210:Roon
1945:Roon
1865:OCLC
1842:ISBN
1819:ISBN
1800:ISBN
1781:ISBN
1759:ISBN
1736:ISBN
1713:ISBN
1694:ISBN
1672:ISBN
1371:bore
1328:and
1299:and
1290:Kent
1259:and
1141:hit
1109:and
1056:and
1036:and
1020:and
878:teak
802:The
692:Roon
683:The
626:beam
542:Roon
537:knot
523:Roon
452:Roon
380:and
367:and
358:Roon
349:and
322:The
312:Deck
300:Belt
270:6 ×
263:8 ×
243:Crew
219:3 ×
176:Beam
150:Type
137:Lost
100:Roon
64:Name
48:SMS
2557:U 9
2552:U 5
2547:U 3
2542:U 2
2537:U 1
2492:"I"
1066:in
555:ihp
205:ihp
197:18
2793::
2773::
2727:UG
2722:UF
2672:UA
2468:S7
1615:^
1564:^
1513:^
1448:^
1281:,
1275:,
969:,
937:,
752:.
746:mi
742:km
680:.
371:.
2763:N
2757:A
2751:V
2745:X
2739:S
2474:A
2003:e
1996:t
1989:v
1899:e
1892:t
1885:v
1871:.
1850:.
1827:.
1808:.
1789:.
1767:.
1744:.
1721:.
1702:.
1680:.
525:s
510:t
140:2
36:.
20:)
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