2546:
in the duration of copulation among males which are cannibalized, in some cases doubling both the duration and the chance of fertilization. This is contrasted by a study where males were seen to approach hungry females with more caution, and were shown to remain mounted on hungry females for a longer time, indicating that males that actively avoid cannibalism may mate with multiple females. The same study also found that hungry females generally attracted fewer males than those that were well fed. The act of dismounting after copulation is dangerous for males, for it is the time that females most frequently cannibalize their mates. An increase in mounting duration appears to indicate that males wait for an opportune time to dismount a hungry female, who would be likely to cannibalize her mate. Experiments have revealed that the sex ratio in an environment determines male copulatory behavior of
2673:
2565:
5493:
2313:
127:
2510:
2246:
1900:
2471:
2220:
2125:
1756:
2455:
1973:
1924:. A small area at the front called the fovea has greater visual acuity than the rest of the eye, and can produce the high resolution necessary to examine potential prey. The peripheral ommatidia are concerned with perceiving motion; when a moving object is noticed, the head is rapidly rotated to bring the object into the visual field of the fovea. Further motions of the prey are then tracked by movements of the mantis's head so as to keep the image centered on the fovea. The eyes are widely spaced and
2483:
2914:
2418:
2268:
1863:, which is a spiky part of the grasping apparatus (see illustration). Located at the base of the femur is a set of discoidal spines, usually four in number, but ranging from none to as many as five depending on the species. These spines are preceded by a number of tooth-like tubercles, which, along with a similar series of tubercles along the tibia and the apical claw near its tip, give the foreleg of the mantis its grasp on its prey. The foreleg ends in a delicate
398:
2435:
150:
2175:. Mantises lack chemical protection, so their displays are largely bluff. When flying at night, at least some mantises are able to detect the echolocation sounds produced by bats; when the frequency begins to increase rapidly, indicating an approaching bat, they stop flying horizontally and begin a descending spiral toward the safety of the ground, often preceded by an aerial loop or spin. If caught, they may slash captors with their raptorial legs.
1592:
1773:
2808:
2290:
6279:
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2411:. Molting can happen five to 10 times before the adult stage is reached, depending on the species. After the final molt, most species have wings, though some species remain wingless or brachypterous ("short-winged"), particularly in the female sex. The lifespan of a mantis depends on the species; smaller ones may live 4–8 weeks, while larger species may live 4–6 months.
6267:
2542:(so that they were not hungry) actually displayed elaborate courtship behavior when left undisturbed. The male engages the female in a courtship dance, to change her interest from feeding to mating. Under such circumstances, the female has been known to respond with a defensive deimatic display by flashing the colored eyespots on the inside of her front legs.
2117:: they resemble flowers convincingly enough to attract prey that come to collect pollen and nectar. Some species in Africa and Australia are able to turn black after a molt towards the end of the dry season; at this time of year, bush fires occur and this coloration enables them to blend in with the fire-ravaged landscape (
2607:) from 1108, gives accurate details of the construction of the egg packages, the development cycle, anatomy, and the function of the antennae. Although mantises are rarely mentioned in Ancient Greek sources, a female mantis in threat posture is accurately illustrated on a series of fifth-century BC silver coins, including
1836:, the prothorax, which bears the head and forelegs, is much longer than the other two thoracic segments. The prothorax is also flexibly articulated, allowing for a wide range of movements of the head and fore limbs while the remainder of the body remains more or less immobile. Mantises also are unique to the
2545:
The reason for sexual cannibalism has been debated; experiments show that females on poor diets are likelier to engage in sexual cannibalism than those on good diets. Some hypothesize that submissive males gain a selective advantage by producing offspring; this is supported by a quantifiable increase
2925:
Mantises are among the insects most widely kept as pets. Because the lifespan of a mantis is only about a year, people who want to keep mantises often breed them. In 2013 at least 31 species were kept and bred in the United
Kingdom, the Netherlands, and the United States. In 1996 at least 50 species
2535:
in the abdomen, not the head, removal of the male's head was a reproductive strategy by females to enhance fertilization while obtaining sustenance. Later, this behavior appeared to be an artifact of intrusive laboratory observation. Whether the behavior is natural in the field or also the result of
569:
One of the earliest classifications splitting an all-inclusive
Mantidae into multiple families was that proposed by Beier in 1968, recognizing eight families, though it was not until Ehrmann's reclassification into 15 families in 2002 that a multiple-family classification became universally adopted.
2350:
The mating season in temperate climates typically takes place in autumn, while in tropical areas, mating can occur at any time of the year. To mate following courtship, the male usually leaps onto the female's back, clasping her thorax and wing bases with his forelegs. He then arches his abdomen to
297:
habitats. They have triangular heads with bulging eyes supported on flexible necks. Their elongated bodies may or may not have wings, but all
Mantodea have forelegs that are greatly enlarged and adapted for catching and gripping prey; their upright posture, while remaining stationary with forearms
2044:
that only feed upon live prey within their reach. They either camouflage themselves and remain stationary, waiting for prey to approach, or stalk their prey with slow, stealthy movements. Larger mantises sometimes eat smaller individuals of their own species, as well as small vertebrates such as
1790:
2520:
Sexual cannibalism is common among most predatory species of mantises in captivity. It has sometimes been observed in natural populations, where about a quarter of male–female encounters result in the male being eaten by the female. Around 90% of the predatory species of mantises exhibit sexual
2190:
by means of the resemblance to vegetation moving in the wind. However, the repetitive swaying movements may be most important in allowing the insects to discriminate objects from the background by their relative movement, a visual mechanism typical of animals with simpler sight systems. Rocking
2162:
When directly threatened, many mantis species stand tall and spread their forelegs, with their wings fanning out wide. The fanning of the wings makes the mantis seem larger and more threatening, with some species enhancing this effect with bright colors and patterns on their hindwings and inner
2048:
Most mantises stalk tempting prey if it strays close enough, and will go further when they are especially hungry. Once within reach, mantises strike rapidly to grasp the prey with their spiked raptorial forelegs. Some ground and bark species pursue their prey in a more active way. For example,
2550:
which in turn affects the cannibalistic tendencies of the female and support the sperm competition hypothesis because the polyandrous treatment recorded the highest copulation duration time and lowest cannibalism. This further suggests that dismounting the female can make males susceptible to
2108:
or other backgrounds, both to avoid predators and to better snare their prey. Those that live on uniformly colored surfaces such as bare earth or tree bark are dorsoventrally flattened so as to eliminate shadows that might reveal their presence. The species from different families called
2010:
348:, but a few ground-dwelling species are found actively pursuing their prey. They normally live for about a year. In cooler climates, the adults lay eggs in autumn, then die. The eggs are protected by their hard capsules and hatch in the spring. Females sometimes practice
2745:
he crashed into the mantis and made her reel, and grabbed the underside of her thorax in his jaws. Cicely retaliated by snapping both her front legs shut on
Geronimo's hindlegs. They rustled and staggered across the ceiling and down the wall, each seeking to gain some
2530:
The female may begin feeding by biting off the male's head (as they do with regular prey), and if mating has begun, the male's movements may become even more vigorous in its delivery of sperm. Early researchers thought that because copulatory movement is controlled by a
2827:
separately developed in China have movements and fighting strategies based on those of the mantis. As one of these arts was developed in northern China, and the other in southern parts of the country, the arts are today referred to (both in
English and Chinese) as
2335:
2144:
487:-like" posture with folded forelimbs. The vernacular plural "mantises" (used in this article) was confined largely to the US, with "mantids" predominantly used as the plural in the UK and elsewhere, until the family Mantidae was further split in 2002.
5464:
Prete, Frederick R.; Wells, Harrington & Wells, Patrick H. (1999). "The
Predatory Behavior of Mantids: Historical Attitudes and Contemporary Questions". In Prete, Fredrick R.; Wells, Harrington; Wells, Patrick H. & Hurd, Lawrence E. (eds.).
1989:
2359:. Depending on the species, the ootheca can be attached to a flat surface, wrapped around a plant, or even deposited in the ground. Despite the versatility and durability of the eggs, they are often preyed on, especially by several species of
2402:
insects). For smaller species, the eggs may hatch in 3–4 weeks as opposed to 4–6 weeks for larger species. The nymphs may be colored differently from the adult, and the early stages are often mimics of ants. A mantis nymph grows bigger as it
2312:
2536:
distractions caused by the human observer remains controversial. Mantises are highly visual organisms and notice any disturbance in the laboratory or field, such as bright lights or moving scientists. Chinese mantises that had been fed
5001:
Hurd, L. E.; Eisenberg, R. M.; Fagan, W. F.; Tilmon, K. J.; Snyder, W. E.; Vandersall, K. S.; Datz, S. G.; Welch, J. D. (1994). "Cannibalism reverses male-biased sex ratio in adult mantids: female strategy against food limitation?".
2950:
Two species, the
Chinese mantis and the European mantis, were deliberately introduced to North America in the hope that they would serve as pest controls for agriculture; they have spread widely in both the United States and Canada.
2872:, who could assume many other forms, such as a snake, hare or vulture. Several ancient civilizations did consider the insect to have supernatural powers; for the Greeks, it had the ability to show lost travelers the way home; in the
1874:
Mantises can be loosely categorized as being macropterous (long-winged), brachypterous (short-winged), micropterous (vestigial-winged), or apterous (wingless). If not wingless, a mantis has two sets of wings: the outer wings, or
3292:
Evangelista, D.A.; Wipfler, B.; O., Bethoux; Donath, A.; Fujita, M.; Kohli, M.K.; Legendre, F.; Liu; Machida; Misof; Peters; Podsiadlowski; Rust; Schuette; Tollenaar; Ware; Wappler; Zhou; Meusemann; Simon (23 January 2019).
2946:
agents; they do not specialize in a single pest insect, and do not multiply rapidly in response to an increase in such a prey species, but are general predators. They therefore have "negligible value" in biological control.
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1794:
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1797:
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2016:
2015:
2013:
2012:
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deposit and store sperm in a special chamber near the tip of the female's abdomen. The female lays between 10 and 400 eggs, depending on the species. Eggs are typically deposited in a froth mass-produced by
2986:
2017:
1955:
collected at night have been shown to be predominately males; this is probably true for most mantises. Nocturnal flight is especially important to males in locating less-mobile females by detecting their
2977:, climb steps, and grasp objects. The multi-jointed leg provides dexterity via a rotatable joint. Future models may include a more spiked foreleg to improve the grip and ability to support more weight.
1795:
2521:
cannibalism. Adult males typically outnumber females at first, but their numbers may be fairly equivalent later in the adult stage, possibly because females selectively eat the smaller males. In
2191:
movements by these generally sedentary insects may replace flying or running as a source of relative motion of objects in the visual field. As ants may be predators of mantises, genera such as
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2014:
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1851:
Mantises have two spiked, grasping forelegs ("raptorial legs") in which prey items are caught and held securely. In most insect legs, including the posterior four legs of a mantis, the
1609:. Fossils of the group are rare: by 2022, 37 fossil species are known. Fossil mantises, including one from Japan with spines on the front legs as in modern mantises, have been found in
2373:
positions herself on bark with her abdomen covering her egg capsule, ambushing passing prey and moving very little until the eggs hatch. An unusual reproductive strategy is adopted by
2072:
The fore gut of some species extends the whole length of the insect and can be used to store prey for digestion later. This may be advantageous in an insect that feeds intermittently.
5257:
Maxwell, Michael R.; Gallego, Kevin M.; Barry, Katherine L. (2010). "Effects of female feeding regime in a sexually cannibalistic mantid: fecundity, cannibalism, and male response in
1960:. Flying at night exposes mantises to fewer bird predators than diurnal flight would. Many mantises also have an auditory thoracic organ that helps them avoid bats by detecting their
2219:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
5426:
McCafferty, Geoffrey; McCafferty, Sharisse (1 April 2020). "Praying to the
Predator: Symbols of Insect Animism on Luna/El Menco Polychrome from Pre-Columbian Pacific Nicaragua".
2905:). Some pre-Columbian cultures in western Nicaragua have preserved oral traditions of the mantis as "Madre Culebra", a powerful predator and symbol of female symbolic authority.
1996:
1879:, are usually narrow and leathery. They function as camouflage and as a shield for the hindwings, which are clearer and more delicate. The abdomen of all mantises consists of 10
5619:
8429:
5088:
Wilder, Shawn M.; Rypstra, Ann L.; Elgar, Mark A. (2009). "The importance of ecological and phylogenetic conditions for the occurrence and frequency of sexual cannibalism".
2069:
can discriminate between different types of prey, and approached spiders mimicking non-aggressive ant species much more than spiders that mimicked aggressive ant species.
2339:
2148:
4612:
Edmunds, Malcolm; Brunner, Dani (1999). "Ethology of
Defenses against Predators". In Prete, Fredrick R.; Wells, Harrington; Wells, Patrick H.; Hurd, Lawrence E. (eds.).
4780:
O'Dea, J. D. (1991). "Eine zusatzliche oder alternative
Funktion der 'kryptischen' Schaukelbewegung bei Gottesanbeterinnen und Stabschrecken (Mantodea, Phasmatodea)".
2527:, 83% of males escape cannibalism after an encounter with a female, but since multiple matings occur, the probability of a male's being eaten increases cumulatively.
8293:
2104:
also paralyze some species of mantis to feed their young. Generally, mantises protect themselves by camouflage, most species being cryptically colored to resemble
6072:
2868:
language that had developed among the first European settlers. However, at least for the San, the mantis was only one of the manifestations of a trickster-deity,
4667:
Annandale, Nelson (1900). "Observations on the habits and natural surroundings of insects made during the 'Skeat Expedition' to the Malay Peninsula, 1899–1900".
8342:
2672:
1993:
477:, which was, historically, the only family in the order. The other common name, praying mantis, applied to any species in the order (though in Europe mainly to
2564:
8424:
7544:
6222:
6322:
1623:, described in 2003; as in modern mantises, the front legs were adapted for catching prey. Well-preserved specimens yield details as small as 5 μm through
6174:
409:
Over 2,400 species of mantis in about 430 genera are recognized. They are predominantly found in tropical regions, but some live in temperate areas. The
2398:
As in closely related insect groups in the superorder Dictyoptera, mantises go through three life stages: egg, nymph, and adult (mantises are among the
1818:. The articulation of the neck is also remarkably flexible; some species of mantis can rotate their heads nearly 180°. The mantis thorax consists of a
4754:
1792:
8439:
6238:
5574:
3583:
1778:
The raptorial foreleg, showing the unusually long coxa, which, together with the trochanter, gives the impression of a femur. The femur itself is the
3427:
Schwarz CJ, Roy R (2019) The systematics of Mantodea revisited: an updated classification incorporating multiple data sources (Insecta: Dictyoptera)
8267:
1859:
combine as an inconspicuous base of the leg; in the raptorial legs, however, the coxa and trochanter combine to form a segment about as long as the
2417:
2209:, like many other arthropods, avoid attacking them. A variety of arthropods, including some early-instar mantises, exploit this behavior and mimic
2163:
surfaces of their front legs. If harassment persists, a mantis may strike with its forelegs and attempt to pinch or bite. As part of the bluffing (
8306:
2011:
3241:
7828:
3702:
126:
5779:
5557:
5530:
5503:
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5407:
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4591:
4485:
4269:
4242:
4178:
4145:
4023:
3996:
3668:
3408:
3374:
3138:
3106:
3076:
3045:
3061:
Hurd, I. E. (1999). "Mantid in Ecological Research". In Prete, Fredrick R.; Wells, Harrington; Wells, Patrick H.; Hurd, Lawrence E. (eds.).
3801:
3034:
Hurd, I. E. (1999). "Ecology of Praying Mantids". In Prete, Fredrick R.; Wells, Harrington; Wells, Patrick H.; Hurd, Lawrence E. (eds.).
2454:
2654:
2470:
2336:
2145:
5175:
Lelito, Jonathan P.; Brown, William D. (2006). "Complicity or conflict over sexual cannibalism? Male risk taking in the praying mantis
4871:
Michael, Maxwell. R. (1999). "Mating Behavior". In Prete, Fredrick R.; Wells, Harrington; Wells, Patrick H.; Hurd, Lawrence E. (eds.).
2391:
sp., although these species usually reproduce sexually. In temperate climates, adults do not survive the winter and the eggs undergo a
2186:
in which the insect makes rhythmic, repetitive side-to-side movements. Functions proposed for this behavior include the enhancement of
7313:
2482:
6004:
3653:
Roy, Roger (1999). "Morphology and Taxonomy". In Prete, Fredrick R.; Wells, Harrington; Wells, Patrick H.; Hurd, Lawrence E. (eds.).
7513:
2709:
made philosophical observations about the nature of death while two mantises mated in the sight of two characters in his 1962 novel
1581:
282:
2434:
1990:
1605:
Mantises are thought to have evolved from cockroach-like ancestors. The earliest confidently identified mantis fossils date to the
3720:"Patterns of praying mantis auditory system evolution based on morphological, molecular, neurophysiological, and behavioural data"
7537:
5959:
5045:
Maxwell, Michael R. (1998). "Lifetime mating opportunities and male mating behaviour in sexually cannibalistic praying mantids".
2586:, which gives its attributes in poetry, where it represents courage and fearlessness, and a brief description. A later text, the
2289:
7553:
6315:
5739:
5222:
Liske, E.; Davis, W. J. (1987). "Courtship and mating behaviour of the Chinese praying mantis, Tenodera aridifolia sinenesis".
38:
5646:
7943:
6063:
4647:
4285:
Nyffeler, Martin; Maxwell, Michael R.; Remsen, J. V. Jr. (2017). "Bird predation by praying mantises: a global perspective".
8311:
5623:
2770:. The idea is propagated in cartoons by Cable, Guy and Rodd, LeLievre, T. McCracken, and Mark Parisi, among others. It ends
1887:
visible in males and seven visible in females. The abdomen tends to be slimmer in males than females, but ends in a pair of
5879:
5304:
Prokop, P; Václav, R (2005). "Males Respond to the Risk of Sperm Competition in the Sexually Cannibalistic Praying Mantis,
1737:
is more muscular than that of a similar-sized mantis and bends back farther in preparation for shooting out to grasp prey.
8329:
8026:
7619:
5115:
2605: "Great History of Medical Material Annotated and Arranged by Types, Based upon the Classics and Historical Works"
1925:
1910:
1779:
4130:
Yager, David (1999). "Hearing". In Prete, Fredrick R.; Wells, Harrington; Wells, Patrick H.; Hurd, Lawrence E. (eds.).
8434:
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8179:
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3189:
2727:
2509:
1807:
2588:
8259:
8056:
8036:
6308:
5866:
3295:"An integrative phylogenomic approach illuminates the evolutionary history of cockroaches and termites (Blattodea)"
2844:
According to local beliefs in Africa, this insect brings good luck. The mantis was revered by the southern African
4801:"Innate aversion to ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and ant mimics: experimental findings from mantises (Mantodea)"
8347:
6257:
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2355:
in the abdomen. This froth hardens, creating a protective capsule, which together with the egg mass is called an
1932:
and precise stereoscopic vision at close range. The dark spot on each eye that moves as it rotates its head is a
1624:
1601:, a primitive fossil mantis known from the Early Cretaceous of Brazil, and one of the oldest members of the group
149:
3458:
3447:"A Revision of Cretaceous Mantises and Their Relationships, Including New Taxa (Insecta: Dictyoptera: Mantodea)"
2942:
may encourage mantises in the hope of controlling insect pests. However, mantises do not have key attributes of
2881:, the "bird-fly" is a minor god that leads the souls of the dead to the underworld; in a list of 9th-century BC
1613:
amber. Most fossils in amber are nymphs; compression fossils (in rock) include adults. Fossil mantises from the
8021:
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2124:
2094:
Mantises are preyed on by vertebrates such as frogs, lizards, and birds, and by invertebrates such as spiders,
2026:
6182:
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8321:
6295:
2653:
Western descriptions of the biology and morphology of the mantises became more accurate in the 18th century.
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2833:
2829:
2816:
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31:
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3826:
Nityananda, Vivek; Tarawneh, Ghaith; Rosner, Ronny; Nicolas, Judith; Crichton, Stuart; Read, Jenny (2016).
3587:
8119:
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6334:
4322:"The fishing mantid: predation on fish as a new adaptive strategy for praying mantids (Insecta: Mantodea)"
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2711:
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1905:
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1733:(leathery forewings) like mantises, their antennae are shorter and less thread-like, and the raptorial
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in whose cultures man and nature were intertwined; for its praying posture, the mantis was even named
2377:
from the southern United States: no males have ever been found in this species, and the females breed
444:
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8166:
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5011:
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3839:
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3536:
3426:
3245:
1726:
7218:
3537:"A new species of mantis (Insecta: Mantodea: Amelidae) from the Miocene Amber-Lagerstätte in Mexico"
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3908:
3626:
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3517:
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used as a walking appendage, made of four or five segments and ending in a two-toed claw with no
1841:
1696:
1672:
466:
372:
349:
240:
216:
144:
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Ramesh, Aparajitha; Vijayan, Sajesh; Sreedharan, Sreethin; Somanathan, Hema; Uma, Divya (2016).
397:
7160:
4583:
4353:
Gelperin, Alan (July 1968). "Feeding behaviour of the praying mantis: a learned modification".
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3161:
3128:
2381:. The ability to reproduce by parthenogenesis has been recorded in at least two other species,
8419:
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5062:
4916:
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4623:
4619:
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4587:
4481:
4475:
4425:
4378:
4265:
4259:
4238:
4213:
4205:
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4141:
4137:
4131:
4067:
4019:
4013:
3992:
3967:
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3782:
3698:
3664:
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3509:
3404:
3398:
3370:
3326:
3165:
3134:
3102:
3096:
3072:
3068:
3062:
3041:
2836:'. Both are very popular in China, and have also been exported to the West in recent decades.
2788:
2631:
describes an insect resembling a slow-moving green locust with long front legs. He translates
2569:
2523:
2369:
2183:
2156:
2114:
2001:
1977:
1815:
1755:
1591:
1371:
5547:
4878:
4872:
4503:"Pollen feeding and fitness in praying mantids: the vegetarian side of a tritrophic predator"
3986:
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3654:
3035:
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8298:
7978:
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7753:
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7614:
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7135:
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6672:
6126:
6088:
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5435:
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5146:
5097:
5054:
5019:
4972:
4850:
4812:
4699:
4575:
4514:
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4417:
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4162:
4059:
3957:
3947:
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3855:
3847:
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3731:
3548:
3501:
3462:
3454:
3316:
3306:
2877:
2424:
2280:
1982:
1929:
1725:
may be confused with mantises, though they are unrelated. Their similarity is an example of
1606:
930:
479:
135:
4445:"Similar yet different: differential response of a praying mantis to ant-mimicking spiders"
4404:
Prete, F. R.; Cleal, K. S. (1996). "The predatory strike of free ranging praying mantises,
590:, so the Mantodea have been revised substantially as of 2019 and now includes 29 families.
7913:
7442:
7429:
7394:
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7130:
7120:
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6664:
6057:
Zhang, Wei; Ricketts, Taylor H.; Kremen, Claire; Carney, Karen; Swinton, Scott M. (2007).
6015:
5101:
3609:
Boyden, Thomas C. (1983). "Mimicry, predation and potential pollination by the mantispid,
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diverged from the other families at an early date. However, as previously configured, the
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3429:
Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N.S.) International Journal of Entomology
3222:
2973:
inspired by the forelegs of the praying mantis, with front legs that allow the robot to
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7995:
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7894:
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includes a four-page account of an almost evenly matched battle between a mantis and a
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Klass, in 1997, studied the external male genitalia and postulated that the families
364:
84:
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5743:
5290:
5243:
5208:
5158:
5074:
4984:
4390:
4306:
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2171:, some species may also produce a hissing sound by expelling air from the abdominal
8223:
7983:
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7872:
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7492:
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7379:
7115:
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830:
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598:
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402:
381:
7522:
5909:
5137:
Liske, E.; Davis, W. J. (1984). "Sexual behaviour of the Chinese praying mantis".
4111:
Bragg, P.E. (2010). "A review of the Liturgusidae of Borneo (Insecta: Mantodea)".
3552:
8171:
7279:
6221:
5520:
3364:
3282:
Ehrmann, R. 2002. Mantodea: Gottesanbeterinnen der Welt. Natur und Tier, Münster.
469:. The order is occasionally called the mantes, using a Latinized plural of Greek
8334:
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8184:
8151:
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59:
6278:
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
7823:
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7487:
7457:
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6722:
6631:
6615:
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6427:
5822:
5676:
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1948:
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1845:
1827:
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418:
333:
318:
104:
69:
17:
8142:
6100:
5439:
4217:
4209:
3952:
3560:
3535:
Terríquez-Beltrán, J.; Riquelme, F.; Varela-Hernández, F. (31 October 2022).
3513:
500:
Evolutionary relationships based on Evangelista et al. 2019 are shown in the
465:) meaning "form" or "type". It was coined in 1838 by the German entomologist
8041:
7657:
7497:
7424:
7409:
7354:
7342:
7150:
6994:
6954:
6929:
6782:
6693:
6652:
6639:
6470:
6457:
6418:
6352:
4643:
2939:
2865:
2620:
2199:
2037:
1957:
1921:
1920:. They locate their prey by sight; their compound eyes contain up to 10,000
1884:
1819:
1772:
1715:
1324:
1104:
749:
726:
583:
537:
501:
422:
337:
314:
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290:
181:
161:
109:
7291:
6151:
5934:
5703:
5200:
5058:
4713:
4063:
3971:
3928:"Binocular vision in insects: How mantids solve the correspondence problem"
3869:
3330:
3311:
2657:
illustrated and described mantises and their cannibalistic behavior in the
2580:
One of the earliest mantis references is in the ancient Chinese dictionary
2076:
live longer, grow faster, and produce more young when they are able to eat
6266:
5066:
4429:
4382:
4071:
3786:
3778:
3184:
3169:
2926:
were known to be kept in captivity by members of the Mantis Study Group.
2650:, and are believed to represent a deity or spirit called "Madre Culebra".
8205:
8136:
7938:
7843:
7685:
7680:
7467:
7462:
7360:
7198:
7107:
6896:
6766:
6558:
6364:
6241:
was created from a revision of this article dated 18 April 2016
6076:
5845:
4338:
2632:
2608:
2532:
2392:
2205:
2164:
2118:
2100:
2033:
1936:. This occurs because the ommatidia that are viewed "head-on" absorb the
1880:
1832:
1718:
1657:
1408:
1157:
579:
474:
413:
of mantises have long been disputed. Mantises, along with stick insects (
294:
286:
99:
94:
79:
74:
64:
8210:
8099:
7267:
5727:
3630:
1844:
in an auditory chamber in their metathorax. Most mantises can only hear
7933:
7889:
7855:
7833:
7788:
6537:
5031:
4837:
Ene, J. C. (1964). "The distribution and post-embryonic development of
4686:
O'Hanlon, James C.; Holwell, Gregory I.; Herberstein, Marie E. (2014).
2882:
2849:
2616:
2446:
2404:
2356:
2324:
mimics dry grass to both avoid predators and to approach unwitting prey
2226:
2187:
2105:
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1730:
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306:
114:
89:
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4421:
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7568:
7557:
7348:
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6874:
6774:
6607:
6516:
6508:
6346:
6331:
4374:
4298:
3904:
3466:
2697:
2628:
2136:
2077:
1888:
484:
278:
191:
171:
8113:
5023:
4194:
Ross, Edward S. (February 1984). "Mantids – The Praying Predators".
429:). Kristensen (1991) combined the Mantodea with the cockroaches and
8272:
5192:
4959:
Lawrence, S. E. (1992). "Sexual cannibalism in the praying mantid,
4704:
4687:
3366:
The external male genitalia and phylogeny of Blattaria and Mantodea
2261:, rearing back with the forelegs and wings spread and mouth opened.
8391:
7838:
6289:
6181:. Florida Artificial Intelligence Research Society. Archived from
2970:
2912:
2806:
2732:
2671:
2563:
2508:
2363:. In a few species, mostly ground and bark mantises in the family
2352:
2333:
2142:
2123:
2008:
1987:
1971:
1943:
As their hunting relies heavily on vision, mantises are primarily
1898:
1788:
1590:
2987:
List of Orthopteroid genera containing species recorded in Europe
2135:
are camouflaged pink or yellow, matching the coloration of local
1806:
Mantises have large, triangular heads with a beak-like snout and
7882:
6962:
6300:
3397:
Martill, David M.; Bechly, Günter; Loveridge, Robert F. (2007).
3244:. National Geographic Society. 10 September 2010. Archived from
2974:
2845:
2582:
473:. The name mantid properly refers only to members of the family
8117:
7526:
7295:
7082:
6377:
6304:
4757:. National Geographic Society. 19 November 2002. Archived from
6972:
4041:"Variations in the optical properties of the compound eyes of
386:
5704:"Green Porno: a series of short films by Isabella Rossellini"
4735:
Yager, D.; May, M. (1993). "Coming in on a wing and an ear".
3400:
The Crato Fossil Beds of Brazil: Window into an Ancient World
2774:'s short film about the life of a praying mantis in her 2008
8246:
6219:
6132:. University of California Division of Agricultural Sciences
6014:(Newsletter). UK Mantis Forums. October 2013. Archived from
5346:
The Oxford Handbook of Animals in Classical Thought and Life
3760:: coordination of the capture sequence and strike movements"
2757:
depicts a human-sized mantis standing on a sleeping bishop.
3459:
10.1206/0003-0082(2003)412<0001:AROCMA>2.0.CO;2
2646:
Mantises are a common motif in Luna Polychrome ceramics of
2643:, an old woman, implying a thin, dried-up stick of a body.
6179:
Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
4901:
Bragg, P.E. (1987) A case of parthenogenesis in a mantis.
3266:
Bragg, P. E. (1996). "Mantis, Mantid, Mantids, Mantises".
2967:
Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
6154:. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
5575:"Shoddy Research and Cultural Tropes: The Praying Mantis"
3828:"Insect stereopsis demonstrated using a 3D insect cinema"
3344:
Beier, M. (1968). "Ordnung Mantodea (Fangheuschrecken)".
5343:
Bodson, Liliane (2014). Campbell, Gordon Lindsay (ed.).
2098:, and ants. Some hunting wasps, such as some species of
6292:– Information on mantises, phylogenetics and evolution.
3883:
Rossel, S (1983). "Binocular stereopsis in an insect".
3802:"Insect Order ID: Mantodea (Praying Mantises, Mantids)"
1947:. Many species, however, fly at night, and then may be
385:. Mantises are among the insects most commonly kept as
6915:(net-winged insects: lacewings, mantidflies, antlions)
4755:"Praying Mantis Uses Ultrasonic Hearing to Dodge Bats"
2279:: the brightly colored wings are opened suddenly in a
1951:. They have good night vision. Mantises in the family
324:. Mantises are sometimes confused with stick insects (
5880:"Insek-kaleidoskoop: Die 'skynheilige' hottentotsgot"
4408:(Burmeister). I: Strikes in the mid-sagittal plane".
1617:
in Brazil include the 10 mm (0.39 in) long
37:"Praying mantis" redirects here. For other uses, see
6059:"Ecosystem services and dis-services to agriculture"
5090:
Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics
3490:"Disambiguating the scientific names of cockroaches"
3392:
3390:
3388:
3386:
2049:
members of a few genera such as the ground mantises
2045:
lizards, frogs, fish, and particularly small birds.
8126:
8067:
8009:
7961:
7912:
7797:
7736:
7708:
7666:
7635:
7578:
7564:
6985:
6943:
6928:
6887:
6856:
6847:
6798:
6752:
6721:
6684:
6651:
6584:
6557:
6528:
6507:
6498:
6469:
6426:
6392:
289:("mantids"). Mantises are distributed worldwide in
5116:"Do Female Praying Mantises Always Eat the Males?"
3040:. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 43–49.
2346:Praying mantis nymphs emerging from their ootheca.
5402:. University of Toronto Press. pp. 334–335.
1761:Wing arrangement of a typical mantis, adult male
6005:Breeding Reports: 1st July 2013–1st October 2013
5772:18 Buddha Hands: Southern Praying Mantis Kung Fu
5742:. Praying Mantis Kung Fu Academy. Archived from
5471:. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 3–8.
3403:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 236–238.
2696:In the early 1900s, people in the United States
336:), or other more distantly related insects with
5546:Emmer, Michele; Schattschneider, Doris (2007).
5396:Erasmus, Desiderius; Fantazzi, Charles (1992).
4669:Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London
3207:A companion to the London Museum and Pantherion
2934:Naturally occurring mantis populations provide
2854:
2743:
6073:International Society for Ecological Economics
5549:M.C. Escher's Legacy: A Centennial Celebration
4945:Dickie, S. (1996) Parthenogenesis in mantids.
4921:Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society
4903:Bulletin of the Amateur Entomologists' Society
4799:Nelson, Ximena J.; Jackson, Robert R. (2006).
3122:
3120:
3118:
3101:. Harvard University Press. pp. 135–136.
1840:in that they have tympanate hearing, with two
7538:
7307:
6316:
5459:
5457:
5349:. Oxford University Press. pp. 557–558.
3619:Journal of the New York Entomological Society
3586:. National Geographic Society. Archived from
3133:. Vol. 4. Springer. pp. 3033–3037.
2815:, Shi DeRu and Shi DeYang, demonstrating the
8:
5910:"Siyabona Africa: Kruger National Park: San"
3991:. Cambridge University Press. p. 8990.
3718:Yager, David; Svenson, Gavin (1 July 2008).
2659:
2235:has leaf-like forewings and a widened green
4832:
4830:
4828:
4688:"Pollinator deception in the orchid mantis"
4618:. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp.
4607:
4605:
4603:
4501:Beckman, Noelle; Hurd, Lawrence E. (2003).
4264:. Cambridge University Press. p. 254.
4258:Grimaldi, David; Engel, Michael S. (2005).
4161:Grimaldi, David; Engel, Michael S. (2005).
4136:. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp.
3749:
3747:
3682:
3680:
3659:. Johns Hopkins University Press. pp.
3029:
3027:
3025:
3023:
2799:, with a giant mantis threatening mankind.
454:
442:
232:
8430:Insects used as insect pest control agents
8114:
7575:
7545:
7531:
7523:
7314:
7300:
7292:
7090:
7079:
6940:
6853:
6826:
6749:
6745:
6592:
6581:
6577:
6504:
6495:
6491:
6450:
6389:
6385:
6374:
6323:
6309:
6301:
5825:. Shantung Northern Praying Mantis Kung Fu
4877:. Johns Hopkins University Press. p.
4866:
4864:
4841:(Stal) (Mantodea : Eremiaphilidae)".
4039:Zeil, Jochen; Al-Mutairi, Maha M. (1996).
3422:
3420:
3278:
3276:
3067:. Johns Hopkins University Press. p.
2367:, the mother guards the eggs. The cryptic
2061:run over dry ground seeking prey, much as
285:in 33 families. The largest family is the
125:
45:
6120:
6118:
5765:
5763:
5761:
5170:
5168:
4816:
4805:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
4703:
4518:
4449:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
4337:
4012:Howard, Ian P.; Rogers, Brian J. (1995).
3961:
3951:
3859:
3735:
3724:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
3320:
3310:
3236:
3234:
3224:The British Cyclopædia of Natural History
2725:'s humorously autobiographical 1956 book
1814:, three small simple eyes, and a pair of
7044:Four most speciose orders are marked in
6634:(crickets, wetas, grasshoppers, locusts)
6249:, and does not reflect subsequent edits.
6232:
6039:Bragg, P.E. (1996) Species in culture.
5428:Latin American and Latinx Visual Culture
4018:. Oxford University Press. p. 646.
3985:Simmons, Peter J.; Young, David (1999).
3648:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3640:
1782:segment of the grasping part of the leg.
1627:. Extinct families and genera include:
396:
6175:"Leg Design for a Praying Mantis Robot"
5793:
5791:
4996:
4994:
4574:Gullan, P. J.; Cranston, P. S. (2010).
4320:Battison, Roberto; et al. (2018).
3730:(3). Oxford University Press: 541–568.
3584:"Ancient Praying Mantis Found in Amber"
3090:
3088:
2997:
2938:control. Gardeners who prefer to avoid
2413:
2215:
441:is formed from the Ancient Greek words
352:, eating their mates after copulation.
7829:List of crop plants pollinated by bees
5597:"Praying Mantises Cartoons and Comics"
4169:. Cambridge University Press. p.
3221:Partington, Charles Frederick (1837).
1940:, while those to the side reflect it.
1830:. In all species apart from the genus
305:The closest relatives of mantises are
283:over 2,400 species in about 460 genera
5683:from the original on 15 December 2021
5421:
5419:
5102:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.110308.120238
4578:The Insects: An Outline of Entomology
4087:"Can Praying Mantis See in the Dark?"
1714:Because of the superficially similar
7:
8397:2522CD32-FFD6-FFF4-DCC4-FABF221AFB27
8358:68698d10-6496-4d10-92e6-2c39c5fdd704
6907:(alderflies, dobsonflies, fishflies)
6127:"The Praying Mantis (Leaflet 21019)"
5981:Van Zomeren, Linda (16 March 2011).
5118:. Entomology Today. 22 December 2013
3756:"Prey capture in the praying mantis
2005:consuming a smaller immature mantis.
622:
8425:Extant Cretaceous first appearances
5740:"History of Praying Mantis Kung Fu"
5525:. Penguin Books. pp. 204–208.
4052:The Journal of Experimental Biology
3369:. Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut.
2601:
1883:, with a corresponding set of nine
1386:
1364:
1317:
1309:
1285:
1261:
1237:
1172:
1150:
1128:
1120:
1096:
1049:
1041:
1017:
1010:
945:
923:
899:
891:
808:
786:
764:
742:
718:
710:
686:
662:
638:
615:
607:
517:
507:
328:), other elongated insects such as
298:folded, has led to the common name
6173:Cardona, Ramon; Touretzky, David.
5649:. McHumor Cartoons. Archived from
5377:. California Astrology Association
3617:(Say) (Mantispidae: Neuroptera)".
359:by early civilizations, including
25:
7514:List of mantis genera and species
5823:"Northern Praying Mantis Kung Fu"
4287:The Wilson Journal of Ornithology
2428:mating (brown male, green female)
1582:List of mantis genera and species
417:), were once placed in the order
355:Mantises were considered to have
8440:Taxa named by Hermann Burmeister
8098:
7266:
6417:
6277:
6265:
6231:
5492:Randolph, Vance (31 July 2012).
5330:10.1111/j.1439-0310.2005.01113.x
5283:10.1111/j.1365-2311.2010.01239.x
4818:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00598.x
3988:Nerve Cells and Animal Behaviour
3737:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.00996.x
3506:10.11646/palaeoentomology.2.4.13
3445:Grimaldi, David (28 July 2003).
3005:Otte, Daniel; Spearman, Lauren.
2764:imagines the female mantis as a
2686:reflected on death as a pair of
2481:
2469:
2453:
2433:
2416:
2311:
2288:
2266:
2244:
2218:
2065:do. Some mantis species such as
1964:calls and responding evasively.
1909:, showing the compound eyes and
1771:
1754:
379:imagines the female mantis as a
148:
5960:"Pet bugs: Kentucky arthropods"
5573:Wade, Lisa (29 November 2010).
4582:(4th ed.). Wiley. p.
4534:Iyer, Geetha (13 August 2011).
4015:Binocular Vision and Stereopsis
3767:Journal of Experimental Biology
3693:. Dorling Kindersley. pp.
3582:Ryall, Julian (25 April 2008).
2572:rest in the shape of a mantis,
2040:. The majority of mantises are
39:Praying mantis (disambiguation)
8231:Cockroach Species File (new):
7944:Home-stored product entomology
6152:"Praying and Chinese Mantises"
6093:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.02.024
5869:, Reference.com, 11 April 2020
5867:Is a Praying Mantis Good Luck?
5647:"Praying Mantis Should Be Gay"
5622:. Off the Mark. Archived from
4927:(367). Mantis Study Group: 242
4917:"Parthenogenetic mantid named"
4915:Bragg, P. E. (December 1989).
4649:Adaptive Coloration in Animals
4326:Journal of Orthoptera Research
3160:. Macmillan Company. pp.
3007:"Mantodea Species File Online"
2589:Jingshi Zhenglei Daguan Bencao
2560:In culture, literature and art
1949:attracted to artificial lights
437:, suborder Mantodea. The name
340:forelegs such as mantisflies (
1:
8027:Decline in insect populations
7620:List of insect-inspired songs
6837:(sawflies, wasps, ants, bees)
6041:Mantis Study Group Newsletter
5702:Rossellini, Isabella (2009).
5236:10.1016/s0003-3472(87)80024-6
5151:10.1016/S0003-3472(84)80170-0
4977:10.1016/S0003-3472(05)81017-6
4947:Mantis Study Group Newsletter
4410:Brain, Behavior and Evolution
3553:10.1080/08912963.2022.2134782
3488:Li, Xinran (30 August 2019).
3268:Mantis Study Group Newsletter
3154:Essig, Edward Oliver (1947).
2330:Reproduction and life history
6785:(cicadas, aphids, true bugs)
5177:Tenodera aridifolia sinensis
3758:Tenodera aridifolia sinensis
3363:Klass, Klaus-Dieter (1997).
2155:Praying mantises exhibiting
317:), which are all within the
6012:UK Mantis Forums Newsletter
5522:My Family and Other Animals
5399:Adages: Iivii1 to Iiiiii100
3807:. Missouri Botanical Garden
3754:Corrette, Brian J. (1990).
3190:Online Etymology Dictionary
2735:. Shortly before the fatal
2728:My Family and Other Animals
2700:region referred to them as
2273:The jeweled flower mantis,
1928:situated, affording a wide
586:especially were considered
543:(Cockroaches and termites)
483:), comes from the typical "
8456:
8057:Pesticide toxicity to bees
8037:List of endangered insects
6975:(gnats, mosquitoes, flies)
6868:(twisted-winged parasites)
6540:(dragonflies, damselflies)
4843:Journal of Natural History
4782:Entomologische Zeitschrift
4520:10.1603/0046-225X-32.4.881
4477:Encyclopedia of Entomology
4474:Capinera, John L. (2008).
4237:. Springer. p. 1509.
4234:Encyclopedia of Entomology
4231:Capinera, John L. (2008).
3130:Encyclopedia of Entomology
3127:Capinera, John L. (2008).
3098:The Other Insect Societies
2958:
2619:. In the 10th century AD,
2502:
2395:, hatching in the spring.
2213:to evade their predators.
2087:
1729:; mantidflies do not have
1579:
421:with the cockroaches (now
36:
29:
8095:
7511:
7375:
7331:
7260:
7093:
7089:
7078:
7040:
6829:
6748:
6595:
6580:
6494:
6453:
6415:
6388:
6384:
6373:
6341:
5848:. Southern Mantis Kung Fu
5774:. Southern Mantis Press.
5770:Hagood, Roger D. (2012).
5620:"Praying Mantis Cartoons"
5519:Durrell, Gerald (2006) .
4855:10.1080/00222936408651488
4557:Jean-Henri Fabre (1921).
4480:. Springer. p. 116.
3687:Siwanowicz, Igor (2009).
3451:American Museum Novitates
3227:. Vol. 1. W. S. Orr.
3204:Bullock, William (1812).
2969:had produced a prototype
2840:In mythology and religion
2476:Hatching from the ootheca
2133:Malaysian orchid mantises
1930:binocular field of vision
1625:X-ray computed tomography
1406:
1391:
1384:
1369:
1362:
1337:
1322:
1315:
1307:
1291:
1283:
1267:
1259:
1243:
1235:
1192:
1177:
1170:
1155:
1148:
1133:
1126:
1118:
1102:
1094:
1069:
1054:
1047:
1039:
1023:
1015:
1008:
965:
950:
943:
928:
921:
905:
897:
889:
828:
813:
806:
791:
784:
769:
762:
747:
740:
724:
716:
708:
692:
684:
668:
660:
644:
636:
620:
613:
541:
525:
515:
455:
453:) meaning "prophet", and
443:
246:
239:
229:
224:
145:Scientific classification
143:
133:
124:
55:Early Cretaceous – Recent
48:
8022:Colony collapse disorder
8017:Bees and toxic chemicals
6626:(stick and leaf insects)
5962:. University of Kentucky
5802:. Praying Mantis Kung Fu
5800:"Praying Mantis Kung Fu"
5552:. Springer. p. 66.
5495:Ozark Magic and Folklore
5440:10.1525/lavc.2020.220004
4507:Environmental Entomology
4261:Evolution of the Insects
4165:Evolution of the Insects
3953:10.1073/pnas.93.23.13229
2555:Relationship with humans
2096:large species of hornets
2084:Antipredator adaptations
2032:Mantises are generalist
2027:differential grasshopper
1810:. They have two bulbous
1802:Mantis moving on a wall.
425:) and ice crawlers (now
8319:Mantodea Species File:
7924:Insect bites and stings
7901:Drosophila melanogaster
7814:Biological pest control
7053:are paraphyletic groups
6696:(cockroaches, termites)
6460:(silverfish, firebrats)
5939:Encyclopædia Britannica
5498:. Courier Corporation.
5181:The American Naturalist
4692:The American Naturalist
2944:biological pest control
2889:), the mantis is named
2834:Southern Praying Mantis
2830:Northern Praying Mantis
2817:Southern Praying Mantis
2648:pre-Columbian Nicaragua
1707:Similar insects in the
344:). Mantises are mostly
32:Mantis (disambiguation)
7989:Rats, Lice and History
6404:(jumping bristletails)
6227:
6207:Listen to this article
5059:10.1006/anbe.1997.0671
4085:Robert (5 July 2023).
4064:10.1242/jeb.199.7.1569
3704:-978-1-405-33731-1
3312:10.1098/rspb.2018.2076
2922:
2855:
2820:
2748:
2693:
2661:Insekten-Belustigungen
2660:
2577:
2517:
2513:Sexual cannibalism in
2375:Brunner's stick mantis
2347:
2321:Schizocephala bicornis
2159:
2140:
2029:
2006:
1985:
1913:
1803:
1602:
406:
393:Taxonomy and evolution
8379:Paleobiology Database
7974:Alfred Russel Wallace
7759:Entomological warfare
7610:Insects in literature
6296:Mantodea Species File
6226:
5263:Ecological Entomology
4406:Sphodromantis lineola
3779:10.1242/jeb.148.1.147
3346:Handbuch der Zoologie
3095:Costa, James (2006).
2959:Further information:
2916:
2810:
2675:
2667:Insect Entertainments
2639:(maybe a mantis) and
2567:
2512:
2503:Further information:
2490:Sphodromantis lineola
2442:Stagmomantis carolina
2384:Sphodromantis viridis
2345:
2283:to startle predators.
2154:
2127:
2088:Further information:
2020:
1999:
1975:
1906:Archimantis latistyla
1902:
1801:
1620:Santanmantis axelrodi
1594:
400:
7929:Insect sting allergy
7723:Cicadas in mythology
7006:(moths, butterflies)
6274:at Wikimedia Commons
6258:More spoken articles
6064:Ecological Economics
6021:on 23 September 2015
5679:. Sundance Channel.
5673:Rossellini, Isabella
5626:on 25 September 2015
5259:Stagmomantis limbata
4652:. Methuen. pp.
4339:10.3897/jor.27.28067
4043:Uca lactea annulipes
2819:style of martial art
2811:Grandmasters of the
2741:, Durrell narrates:
2635:2.94 with the words
2257:performs a bluffing
1727:convergent evolution
1595:Life restoration of
30:For other uses, see
8032:Habitat destruction
7784:Insects in religion
6085:2007EcoEc..64..253Z
5577:. The Society Pages
5468:The Praying Mantids
5322:2005Ethol.111..836P
5275:2010EcoEn..35..775M
5016:1994Oikos..69..193H
4874:The Praying Mantids
4615:The Praying Mantids
4367:1968Natur.219..399G
4197:National Geographic
4133:The Praying Mantids
3944:1996PNAS...9313229R
3938:(23): 13229–13232.
3897:1983Natur.302..821R
3844:2016NatSR...618718N
3800:Kemper, William T.
3656:The Praying Mantids
3611:Climaciella brunnea
3064:The Praying Mantids
3037:The Praying Mantids
2792:is a 1957 American
2772:Isabella Rossellini
2718:Gongylus gongylodes
2689:Gongylus gongylodes
2655:Roesel von Rosenhof
2379:parthenogenetically
2276:Creobroter gemmatus
357:supernatural powers
8435:Insects in culture
8105:Insects portal
8077:Insects and humans
7605:Arthropods in film
7554:Human interactions
7273:Insects portal
7244:Triadophlebioptera
6290:Mantis Study Group
6228:
5709:. Sundance Channel
4963:: a field study".
4839:Tarachodes afzelli
4560:More Hunting Wasps
4540:Frontline Magazine
3926:Rossel, S (1996).
3832:Scientific Reports
3541:Historical Biology
3248:on 11 January 2010
3157:College entomology
2923:
2917:Gray adult female
2903:buru-enmeli-ashaga
2821:
2721:). The naturalist
2694:
2578:
2518:
2505:Sexual cannibalism
2499:Sexual cannibalism
2348:
2160:
2141:
2129:Aggressive mimicry
2030:
2007:
1986:
1914:
1804:
1603:
601:Mantodea families
467:Hermann Burmeister
407:
350:sexual cannibalism
8407:
8406:
8366:Open Tree of Life
8120:Taxon identifiers
8111:
8110:
8000:Insect Literature
7957:
7956:
7856:Carmine/Cochineal
7809:Beneficial insect
7779:Insects in ethics
7728:Scarab (artifact)
7718:Bees in mythology
7627:Insects on stamps
7520:
7519:
7438:
7437:(flower mantises)
7400:Dactylopterygidae
7385:Amorphoscelididae
7289:
7288:
7256:
7255:
7252:
7251:
7194:Palaeodictyoptera
7179:
7111:
7074:
7073:
7070:
7069:
7036:
7035:
7032:
7031:
7028:
7027:
7024:
7023:
7020:
7019:
7016:
7015:
7007:
6998:
6976:
6966:
6958:
6936:
6924:
6923:
6916:
6908:
6900:
6878:
6869:
6838:
6794:
6793:
6786:
6778:
6770:
6717:
6716:
6713:
6712:
6705:
6697:
6676:
6673:Mantophasmatodea
6668:
6657:
6643:
6635:
6627:
6619:
6611:
6603:
6553:
6552:
6549:
6548:
6541:
6520:
6509:Ephemeropteroidea
6461:
6413:
6412:
6405:
6270:Media related to
6224:
5985:. Keeping Insects
5983:"European Mantis"
5781:978-0-9857240-1-6
5746:on 1 October 2015
5559:978-3-540-28849-7
5532:978-0-14-193609-3
5505:978-0-486-12296-0
5478:978-0-8018-6174-1
5409:978-0-8020-2831-0
5356:978-0-19-958942-5
4888:978-0-8018-6174-1
4629:978-0-8018-6174-1
4593:978-1-118-84616-2
4487:978-1-4020-6242-1
4461:10.1111/bij.12793
4422:10.1159/000113196
4361:(5152): 399–400.
4271:978-0-521-82149-0
4244:978-1-4020-6242-1
4180:978-0-521-82149-0
4147:978-0-8018-6174-1
4091:Insects Authority
4025:978-0-19-508476-4
3998:978-0-521-62726-9
3891:(5911): 821–822.
3852:10.1038/srep18718
3670:978-0-8018-6174-1
3547:(11): 2127–2134.
3410:978-1-139-46776-6
3376:978-3-925382-45-1
3183:Harper, Douglas.
3140:978-1-4020-6242-1
3108:978-0-674-02163-1
3078:978-0-8018-6174-1
3047:978-0-8018-6174-1
2789:The Deadly Mantis
2715:(the species was
2524:Tenodera sinensis
2370:Tarachodes maurus
2343:
2318:The grass mantis
2157:motion camouflage
2152:
2115:aggressive mimics
2067:Euantissa pulchra
2018:
2002:Tenodera sinensis
1997:
1978:Tenodera sinensis
1799:
1764:Raptrix perspicua
1577:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1563:
1562:
1554:
1553:
1545:
1544:
1536:
1535:
1527:
1526:
1518:
1517:
1509:
1508:
1500:
1499:
1491:
1490:
1482:
1481:
1473:
1472:
1464:
1463:
1455:
1454:
1446:
1445:
1437:
1436:
1428:
1427:
1419:
1418:
1372:Dactylopterygidae
1350:
1349:
1241:Hoplocoryphoidea
1223:
1222:
1214:
1213:
1205:
1204:
1082:
1081:
996:
995:
987:
986:
978:
977:
903:Chroicopteroidea
877:
876:
868:
867:
859:
858:
850:
849:
841:
840:
561:
560:
552:
551:
264:
263:
252:
220:
16:(Redirected from
8447:
8400:
8399:
8387:
8386:
8374:
8373:
8361:
8360:
8351:
8350:
8338:
8337:
8335:NBNSYS0000172145
8325:
8324:
8315:
8314:
8302:
8301:
8289:
8288:
8276:
8275:
8263:
8262:
8250:
8249:
8237:
8236:
8227:
8226:
8214:
8213:
8201:
8200:
8188:
8187:
8175:
8174:
8162:
8161:
8160:
8147:
8146:
8145:
8115:
8103:
8102:
7979:Jean-Henri Fabre
7754:Cricket fighting
7749:Cockroach racing
7615:Insects in music
7576:
7547:
7540:
7533:
7524:
7448:Leptomantellidae
7436:
7316:
7309:
7302:
7293:
7271:
7270:
7204:Permoplectoptera
7177:
7136:Diaphanopterodea
7109:
7091:
7080:
7005:
6996:
6987:Amphiesmenoptera
6974:
6968:
6964:
6956:
6946:
6941:
6935:
6932:
6914:
6906:
6898:
6876:
6867:
6854:
6850:
6836:
6827:
6784:
6776:
6769:(barklice, lice)
6768:
6760:
6750:
6746:
6703:
6695:
6674:
6666:
6665:Grylloblattodea
6655:
6641:
6633:
6625:
6617:
6609:
6601:
6593:
6589:
6582:
6578:
6539:
6518:
6505:
6496:
6492:
6459:
6451:
6421:
6403:
6390:
6386:
6375:
6325:
6318:
6311:
6302:
6282:Data related to
6281:
6269:
6248:
6246:
6235:
6234:
6225:
6215:
6213:
6208:
6195:
6194:
6192:
6190:
6170:
6164:
6163:
6161:
6159:
6148:
6142:
6141:
6139:
6137:
6131:
6122:
6113:
6112:
6054:
6048:
6037:
6031:
6030:
6028:
6026:
6020:
6009:
6001:
5995:
5994:
5992:
5990:
5978:
5972:
5971:
5969:
5967:
5956:
5950:
5949:
5947:
5945:
5931:
5925:
5924:
5922:
5920:
5906:
5900:
5899:
5897:
5895:
5886:. Archived from
5884:Mieliestronk.com
5876:
5870:
5864:
5858:
5857:
5855:
5853:
5841:
5835:
5834:
5832:
5830:
5818:
5812:
5811:
5809:
5807:
5795:
5786:
5785:
5767:
5756:
5755:
5753:
5751:
5736:
5730:
5725:
5719:
5718:
5716:
5714:
5708:
5699:
5693:
5692:
5690:
5688:
5669:
5663:
5662:
5660:
5658:
5642:
5636:
5635:
5633:
5631:
5615:
5609:
5608:
5606:
5604:
5593:
5587:
5586:
5584:
5582:
5570:
5564:
5563:
5543:
5537:
5536:
5516:
5510:
5509:
5489:
5483:
5482:
5461:
5452:
5451:
5423:
5414:
5413:
5393:
5387:
5386:
5384:
5382:
5367:
5361:
5360:
5340:
5334:
5333:
5306:Mantis religiosa
5301:
5295:
5294:
5254:
5248:
5247:
5230:(5): 1524–1537.
5224:Animal Behaviour
5219:
5213:
5212:
5172:
5163:
5162:
5139:Animal Behaviour
5134:
5128:
5127:
5125:
5123:
5112:
5106:
5105:
5085:
5079:
5078:
5053:(4): 1011–1028.
5047:Animal Behaviour
5042:
5036:
5035:
4998:
4989:
4988:
4965:Animal Behaviour
4961:Mantis religiosa
4956:
4950:
4943:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4932:
4912:
4906:
4905:, 46 (356): 160.
4899:
4893:
4892:
4868:
4859:
4858:
4834:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4796:
4790:
4789:
4777:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4766:
4751:
4745:
4744:
4732:
4726:
4725:
4707:
4683:
4677:
4676:
4664:
4658:
4657:
4640:
4634:
4633:
4609:
4598:
4597:
4581:
4571:
4565:
4564:
4554:
4548:
4547:
4531:
4525:
4524:
4522:
4498:
4492:
4491:
4471:
4465:
4464:
4440:
4434:
4433:
4401:
4395:
4394:
4375:10.1038/219399a0
4350:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4317:
4311:
4310:
4299:10.1676/16-100.1
4282:
4276:
4275:
4255:
4249:
4248:
4228:
4222:
4221:
4191:
4185:
4184:
4168:
4158:
4152:
4151:
4127:
4121:
4120:
4113:Sepilok Bulletin
4108:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4097:
4082:
4076:
4075:
4058:(7): 1569–1577.
4049:
4036:
4030:
4029:
4009:
4003:
4002:
3982:
3976:
3975:
3965:
3955:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3905:10.1038/302821a0
3880:
3874:
3873:
3863:
3823:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3806:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3764:
3751:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3715:
3709:
3708:
3690:Animals Up Close
3684:
3675:
3674:
3650:
3635:
3634:
3606:
3600:
3599:
3597:
3595:
3590:on 29 April 2008
3579:
3573:
3572:
3532:
3526:
3525:
3494:Palaeoentomology
3485:
3479:
3478:
3442:
3436:
3424:
3415:
3414:
3394:
3381:
3380:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3324:
3314:
3289:
3283:
3280:
3271:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3242:"Praying Mantis"
3238:
3229:
3228:
3218:
3212:
3211:
3210:(12th ed.).
3201:
3195:
3194:
3180:
3174:
3173:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3124:
3113:
3112:
3092:
3083:
3082:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3031:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3013:
3002:
2930:For pest control
2878:Book of the Dead
2874:Ancient Egyptian
2858:
2782:Sundance Channel
2663:
2606:
2603:
2599:
2576:, Japan, c. 1800
2548:Mantis religiosa
2515:Mantis religiosa
2485:
2473:
2457:
2437:
2425:Mantis religiosa
2420:
2361:parasitoid wasps
2344:
2315:
2292:
2281:deimatic display
2270:
2248:
2222:
2184:rocking behavior
2153:
2074:Chinese mantises
2042:ambush predators
2019:
1998:
1968:Diet and hunting
1800:
1775:
1758:
1607:Early Cretaceous
1387:
1365:
1318:
1310:
1289:Galinthiadoidea
1286:
1262:
1238:
1173:
1151:
1129:
1124:Eremiaphiloidea
1121:
1097:
1050:
1045:Epaphroditoidea
1042:
1018:
1011:
946:
931:Leptomantellidae
924:
900:
892:
809:
787:
765:
743:
719:
711:
690:Metallyticoidea
687:
663:
639:
623:† Extinct Genera
616:
608:
594:
593:
518:
508:
480:Mantis religiosa
460:
459:
448:
447:
346:ambush predators
251:Burmeister, 1829
250:
215:
153:
152:
136:Mantis religiosa
129:
119:
56:
52:Temporal range:
46:
27:Order of insects
21:
8455:
8454:
8450:
8449:
8448:
8446:
8445:
8444:
8410:
8409:
8408:
8403:
8395:
8390:
8382:
8377:
8369:
8364:
8356:
8354:
8346:
8341:
8333:
8328:
8320:
8318:
8310:
8305:
8297:
8292:
8284:
8279:
8271:
8266:
8258:
8253:
8245:
8240:
8232:
8230:
8222:
8217:
8209:
8204:
8196:
8191:
8183:
8178:
8170:
8165:
8156:
8155:
8150:
8141:
8140:
8135:
8122:
8112:
8107:
8097:
8091:
8069:
8063:
8005:
7953:
7915:
7908:
7800:
7793:
7732:
7704:
7662:
7631:
7571:
7566:
7560:
7551:
7521:
7516:
7507:
7443:Iridopterygidae
7430:Hoplocoryphidae
7395:Chroicopteridae
7371:
7327:
7320:
7290:
7285:
7265:
7248:
7214:Protelytroptera
7146:Eudiaphanoptera
7131:Coxoplectoptera
7126:Carbotriplurida
7121:Campylopteridae
7098:Aethiocarenodea
7085:
7066:
7012:
6981:
6957:(scorpionflies)
6944:
6933:
6931:
6920:
6883:
6848:
6843:
6821:
6819:
6817:
6815:
6813:
6811:
6809:
6807:
6805:
6803:
6801:
6790:
6740:
6738:
6736:
6734:
6732:
6730:
6728:
6726:
6724:
6709:
6680:
6654:
6647:
6642:(angel insects)
6585:
6572:
6570:
6568:
6566:
6564:
6562:
6560:
6545:
6524:
6486:
6484:
6482:
6480:
6478:
6476:
6474:
6472:
6465:
6445:
6443:
6441:
6439:
6437:
6435:
6433:
6431:
6429:
6422:
6409:
6380:
6369:
6337:
6329:
6262:
6261:
6250:
6244:
6242:
6239:This audio file
6236:
6229:
6220:
6217:
6211:
6210:
6206:
6203:
6198:
6188:
6186:
6185:on 24 June 2016
6172:
6171:
6167:
6157:
6155:
6150:
6149:
6145:
6135:
6133:
6129:
6124:
6123:
6116:
6056:
6055:
6051:
6038:
6034:
6024:
6022:
6018:
6007:
6003:
6002:
5998:
5988:
5986:
5980:
5979:
5975:
5965:
5963:
5958:
5957:
5953:
5943:
5941:
5933:
5932:
5928:
5918:
5916:
5914:Siyabona Africa
5908:
5907:
5903:
5893:
5891:
5878:
5877:
5873:
5865:
5861:
5851:
5849:
5843:
5842:
5838:
5828:
5826:
5821:Barnes, Bryan.
5820:
5819:
5815:
5805:
5803:
5797:
5796:
5789:
5782:
5769:
5768:
5759:
5749:
5747:
5738:
5737:
5733:
5726:
5722:
5712:
5710:
5706:
5701:
5700:
5696:
5686:
5684:
5671:
5670:
5666:
5656:
5654:
5653:on 5 March 2016
5644:
5643:
5639:
5629:
5627:
5617:
5616:
5612:
5602:
5600:
5595:
5594:
5590:
5580:
5578:
5572:
5571:
5567:
5560:
5545:
5544:
5540:
5533:
5518:
5517:
5513:
5506:
5491:
5490:
5486:
5479:
5463:
5462:
5455:
5425:
5424:
5417:
5410:
5395:
5394:
5390:
5380:
5378:
5369:
5368:
5364:
5357:
5342:
5341:
5337:
5303:
5302:
5298:
5256:
5255:
5251:
5221:
5220:
5216:
5174:
5173:
5166:
5136:
5135:
5131:
5121:
5119:
5114:
5113:
5109:
5087:
5086:
5082:
5044:
5043:
5039:
5024:10.2307/3546137
5000:
4999:
4992:
4958:
4957:
4953:
4944:
4940:
4930:
4928:
4914:
4913:
4909:
4900:
4896:
4889:
4870:
4869:
4862:
4849:(80): 493–511.
4836:
4835:
4826:
4798:
4797:
4793:
4779:
4778:
4774:
4764:
4762:
4753:
4752:
4748:
4737:Natural History
4734:
4733:
4729:
4685:
4684:
4680:
4666:
4665:
4661:
4642:
4641:
4637:
4630:
4611:
4610:
4601:
4594:
4573:
4572:
4568:
4556:
4555:
4551:
4536:"Down to earth"
4533:
4532:
4528:
4500:
4499:
4495:
4488:
4473:
4472:
4468:
4442:
4441:
4437:
4403:
4402:
4398:
4352:
4351:
4347:
4319:
4318:
4314:
4284:
4283:
4279:
4272:
4257:
4256:
4252:
4245:
4230:
4229:
4225:
4193:
4192:
4188:
4181:
4160:
4159:
4155:
4148:
4129:
4128:
4124:
4110:
4109:
4105:
4095:
4093:
4084:
4083:
4079:
4047:
4038:
4037:
4033:
4026:
4011:
4010:
4006:
3999:
3984:
3983:
3979:
3925:
3924:
3920:
3882:
3881:
3877:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3810:
3808:
3804:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3762:
3753:
3752:
3745:
3717:
3716:
3712:
3705:
3686:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3652:
3651:
3638:
3608:
3607:
3603:
3593:
3591:
3581:
3580:
3576:
3534:
3533:
3529:
3487:
3486:
3482:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3425:
3418:
3411:
3396:
3395:
3384:
3377:
3362:
3361:
3357:
3343:
3342:
3338:
3299:Proc. R. Soc. B
3291:
3290:
3286:
3281:
3274:
3265:
3261:
3251:
3249:
3240:
3239:
3232:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3182:
3181:
3177:
3153:
3152:
3148:
3141:
3126:
3125:
3116:
3109:
3094:
3093:
3086:
3079:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3048:
3033:
3032:
3021:
3011:
3009:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2983:
2963:
2957:
2932:
2919:Carolina mantis
2911:
2842:
2805:
2794:science fiction
2780:season for the
2702:Devil's horses.
2604:
2593:
2562:
2557:
2507:
2501:
2494:
2486:
2477:
2474:
2465:
2458:
2449:
2438:
2429:
2421:
2334:
2332:
2325:
2316:
2307:
2304:avoid predators
2293:
2284:
2271:
2262:
2249:
2240:
2223:
2178:Mantises, like
2143:
2111:flower mantises
2092:
2086:
2009:
1988:
1970:
1897:
1891:in both sexes.
1789:
1787:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1783:
1776:
1768:
1767:
1759:
1748:
1743:
1712:
1704:
1615:Crato Formation
1589:
1587:Fossil mantises
1584:
1578:
1573:
1564:
1555:
1546:
1537:
1528:
1519:
1510:
1501:
1492:
1483:
1474:
1465:
1456:
1447:
1438:
1429:
1420:
1351:
1313:Hymenopodoidea
1246:Hoplocoryphidae
1224:
1215:
1206:
1116:Heteromantodea
1083:
997:
988:
979:
953:Amorphoscelidae
908:Chroicopteridae
878:
869:
860:
851:
842:
772:Coptopterygidae
682:Schizomantodea
642:Chaeteessoidea
567:
562:
553:
498:
493:
433:into the order
427:Grylloblattodea
395:
214:
147:
120:
118:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
54:
53:
50:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8453:
8451:
8443:
8442:
8437:
8432:
8427:
8422:
8412:
8411:
8405:
8404:
8402:
8401:
8388:
8375:
8362:
8352:
8339:
8326:
8316:
8303:
8290:
8277:
8264:
8255:Fauna Europaea
8251:
8238:
8228:
8215:
8202:
8189:
8176:
8163:
8148:
8132:
8130:
8124:
8123:
8118:
8109:
8108:
8096:
8093:
8092:
8090:
8089:
8084:
8079:
8073:
8071:
8065:
8064:
8062:
8061:
8060:
8059:
8054:
8049:
8039:
8034:
8029:
8024:
8019:
8013:
8011:
8007:
8006:
8004:
8003:
7996:Lafcadio Hearn
7993:
7981:
7976:
7971:
7969:Jan Swammerdam
7965:
7963:
7959:
7958:
7955:
7954:
7952:
7951:
7946:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7920:
7918:
7910:
7909:
7907:
7906:
7905:
7904:
7895:Model organism
7892:
7887:
7886:
7885:
7875:
7870:
7865:
7864:
7863:
7853:
7852:
7851:
7846:
7841:
7836:
7831:
7826:
7816:
7811:
7805:
7803:
7795:
7794:
7792:
7791:
7786:
7781:
7776:
7771:
7769:Insect farming
7766:
7761:
7756:
7751:
7746:
7740:
7738:
7734:
7733:
7731:
7730:
7725:
7720:
7714:
7712:
7706:
7705:
7703:
7702:
7701:
7700:
7690:
7689:
7688:
7683:
7672:
7670:
7664:
7663:
7661:
7660:
7655:
7653:Artificial fly
7650:
7645:
7639:
7637:
7633:
7632:
7630:
7629:
7624:
7623:
7622:
7612:
7607:
7602:
7601:
7600:
7593:
7586:Insects in art
7582:
7580:
7573:
7562:
7561:
7552:
7550:
7549:
7542:
7535:
7527:
7518:
7517:
7512:
7509:
7508:
7506:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7485:
7480:
7475:
7473:Metallyticidae
7470:
7465:
7460:
7455:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7435:Hymenopodidae
7432:
7427:
7422:
7417:
7415:Eremiaphilidae
7412:
7407:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7382:
7376:
7373:
7372:
7370:
7369:
7363:
7357:
7351:
7345:
7339:
7332:
7329:
7328:
7321:
7319:
7318:
7311:
7304:
7296:
7287:
7286:
7284:
7283:
7276:
7261:
7258:
7257:
7254:
7253:
7250:
7249:
7247:
7246:
7241:
7236:
7231:
7229:Protozygoptera
7226:
7224:Protorthoptera
7221:
7219:Protephemerida
7216:
7211:
7209:Protanisoptera
7206:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7181:
7178:(griffinflies)
7176:Meganisoptera
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7156:Glosselytrodea
7153:
7148:
7143:
7138:
7133:
7128:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7105:
7100:
7094:
7087:
7086:
7083:
7076:
7075:
7072:
7071:
7068:
7067:
7065:
7064:
7054:
7048:
7041:
7038:
7037:
7034:
7033:
7030:
7029:
7026:
7025:
7022:
7021:
7018:
7017:
7014:
7013:
7011:
7010:
7000:
6991:
6989:
6983:
6982:
6980:
6979:
6969:
6949:
6947:
6938:
6926:
6925:
6922:
6921:
6919:
6918:
6910:
6902:
6897:Raphidioptera
6893:
6891:
6885:
6884:
6882:
6881:
6871:
6862:
6860:
6851:
6849:Neuropteroidea
6845:
6844:
6842:
6841:
6830:
6824:
6796:
6795:
6792:
6791:
6789:
6788:
6780:
6772:
6763:
6761:
6743:
6719:
6718:
6715:
6714:
6711:
6710:
6708:
6707:
6699:
6690:
6688:
6682:
6681:
6679:
6678:
6670:
6667:(ice-crawlers)
6661:
6659:
6649:
6648:
6646:
6645:
6637:
6629:
6621:
6613:
6605:
6596:
6590:
6575:
6555:
6554:
6551:
6550:
6547:
6546:
6544:
6543:
6534:
6532:
6526:
6525:
6523:
6522:
6517:Ephemeroptera
6513:
6511:
6502:
6489:
6467:
6466:
6464:
6463:
6454:
6448:
6424:
6423:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6410:
6408:
6407:
6402:Archaeognatha
6398:
6396:
6382:
6381:
6378:
6371:
6370:
6368:
6367:
6361:
6355:
6349:
6342:
6339:
6338:
6330:
6328:
6327:
6320:
6313:
6305:
6299:
6298:
6293:
6287:
6286:at Wikispecies
6275:
6251:
6237:
6230:
6218:
6205:
6204:
6202:
6201:External links
6199:
6197:
6196:
6165:
6143:
6114:
6049:
6032:
5996:
5973:
5951:
5926:
5901:
5890:on 24 May 2019
5871:
5859:
5836:
5813:
5787:
5780:
5757:
5731:
5720:
5694:
5664:
5645:McCracken, T.
5637:
5618:Parisi, Mark.
5610:
5599:. CartoonStock
5588:
5565:
5558:
5538:
5531:
5511:
5504:
5484:
5477:
5453:
5415:
5408:
5388:
5362:
5355:
5335:
5316:(9): 836–848.
5296:
5269:(6): 775–787.
5249:
5214:
5193:10.1086/505757
5187:(2): 263–269.
5164:
5145:(3): 916–918.
5129:
5107:
5080:
5037:
5010:(2): 193–198.
4990:
4971:(4): 569–583.
4951:
4938:
4907:
4894:
4887:
4860:
4824:
4791:
4772:
4761:on 21 May 2006
4746:
4727:
4705:10.1086/673858
4698:(1): 126–132.
4678:
4659:
4635:
4628:
4599:
4592:
4566:
4549:
4526:
4513:(4): 881–885.
4493:
4486:
4466:
4455:(1): 158–165.
4435:
4416:(4): 173–190.
4396:
4345:
4332:(2): 155–158.
4312:
4293:(2): 331–344.
4277:
4270:
4250:
4243:
4223:
4204:(2): 268–280.
4186:
4179:
4153:
4146:
4122:
4103:
4077:
4031:
4024:
4004:
3997:
3977:
3918:
3875:
3818:
3792:
3743:
3710:
3703:
3676:
3669:
3636:
3625:(4): 508–511.
3601:
3574:
3527:
3500:(4): 390–402.
3480:
3453:(3412): 1–47.
3437:
3432:55 [2]
3416:
3409:
3382:
3375:
3355:
3336:
3284:
3272:
3259:
3230:
3213:
3196:
3175:
3146:
3139:
3114:
3107:
3084:
3077:
3053:
3046:
3019:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2982:
2979:
2956:
2953:
2931:
2928:
2910:
2907:
2885:grasshoppers (
2841:
2838:
2813:Shaolin Temple
2804:
2801:
2723:Gerald Durrell
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2487:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2468:
2466:
2460:Recently laid
2459:
2452:
2450:
2439:
2432:
2430:
2422:
2415:
2400:hemimetabolous
2331:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2317:
2310:
2308:
2294:
2287:
2285:
2272:
2265:
2263:
2259:threat display
2250:
2243:
2241:
2224:
2217:
2169:threat display
2085:
2082:
2023:chinese mantis
1969:
1966:
1938:incident light
1916:Mantises have
1896:
1893:
1777:
1770:
1769:
1760:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1711:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1700:
1692:
1684:
1676:
1664:Incertae sedis
1660:
1654:
1652:Santanmantidae
1648:
1642:
1640:Gryllomantidae
1636:
1634:Baissomantidae
1629:
1588:
1585:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1390:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1368:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1308:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1294:Galinthiadidae
1290:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1266:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1242:
1236:
1234:
1233:Pareumantodea
1230:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1180:Eremiaphilidae
1176:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1154:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1101:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1057:Epaphroditidae
1053:
1048:
1046:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1022:
1016:
1014:
1009:
1007:
1003:
1002:
999:
998:
994:
993:
990:
989:
985:
984:
981:
980:
976:
975:
972:
971:
964:
961:
960:
957:
956:
949:
944:
942:
939:
938:
935:
934:
927:
922:
920:
919:Nanomantoidea
916:
915:
912:
911:
904:
898:
896:
890:
888:
887:Cernomantodea
884:
883:
880:
879:
875:
874:
871:
870:
866:
865:
862:
861:
857:
856:
853:
852:
848:
847:
844:
843:
839:
838:
835:
834:
827:
824:
823:
820:
819:
812:
807:
805:
802:
801:
798:
797:
790:
785:
783:
780:
779:
776:
775:
768:
763:
761:
758:
757:
754:
753:
746:
741:
739:
738:Acanthopoidea
735:
734:
731:
730:
723:
717:
715:
714:Amerimantodea
709:
707:
703:
702:
699:
698:
695:Metallyticidae
691:
685:
683:
679:
678:
675:
674:
667:
661:
659:
658:Spinomantodea
655:
654:
651:
650:
643:
637:
635:
631:
630:
627:
626:
619:
614:
612:
606:
603:
602:
592:
576:Metallyticidae
566:
563:
559:
558:
555:
554:
550:
549:
546:
545:
540:
534:
533:
530:
529:
524:
516:
514:
506:
497:
494:
492:
489:
394:
391:
361:ancient Greece
300:praying mantis
281:that contains
262:
261:
260:
259:
256:
253:
244:
243:
237:
236:
227:
226:
222:
221:
209:
205:
204:
199:
195:
194:
189:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
141:
140:
131:
130:
122:
121:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
57:
51:
26:
24:
18:Schizomantodea
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8452:
8441:
8438:
8436:
8433:
8431:
8428:
8426:
8423:
8421:
8418:
8417:
8415:
8398:
8393:
8389:
8385:
8380:
8376:
8372:
8367:
8363:
8359:
8353:
8349:
8344:
8340:
8336:
8331:
8327:
8323:
8317:
8313:
8308:
8304:
8300:
8295:
8291:
8287:
8282:
8278:
8274:
8269:
8265:
8261:
8256:
8252:
8248:
8243:
8239:
8235:
8229:
8225:
8220:
8216:
8212:
8207:
8203:
8199:
8194:
8190:
8186:
8181:
8177:
8173:
8168:
8164:
8159:
8153:
8149:
8144:
8138:
8134:
8133:
8131:
8129:
8125:
8121:
8116:
8106:
8101:
8094:
8088:
8085:
8083:
8080:
8078:
8075:
8074:
8072:
8066:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8052:Neonicotinoid
8050:
8048:
8045:
8044:
8043:
8040:
8038:
8035:
8033:
8030:
8028:
8025:
8023:
8020:
8018:
8015:
8014:
8012:
8008:
8001:
7997:
7994:
7991:
7990:
7985:
7982:
7980:
7977:
7975:
7972:
7970:
7967:
7966:
7964:
7960:
7950:
7947:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7921:
7919:
7917:
7911:
7903:
7902:
7898:
7897:
7896:
7893:
7891:
7888:
7884:
7881:
7880:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7862:
7859:
7858:
7857:
7854:
7850:
7847:
7845:
7842:
7840:
7837:
7835:
7832:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7822:
7821:
7820:
7817:
7815:
7812:
7810:
7807:
7806:
7804:
7802:
7796:
7790:
7787:
7785:
7782:
7780:
7777:
7775:
7772:
7770:
7767:
7765:
7762:
7760:
7757:
7755:
7752:
7750:
7747:
7745:
7742:
7741:
7739:
7737:Other aspects
7735:
7729:
7726:
7724:
7721:
7719:
7716:
7715:
7713:
7711:
7707:
7699:
7696:
7695:
7694:
7691:
7687:
7684:
7682:
7679:
7678:
7677:
7674:
7673:
7671:
7669:
7665:
7659:
7656:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7646:
7644:
7641:
7640:
7638:
7634:
7628:
7625:
7621:
7618:
7617:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7599:
7598:
7597:Musca depicta
7594:
7592:
7589:
7588:
7587:
7584:
7583:
7581:
7577:
7574:
7570:
7563:
7559:
7555:
7548:
7543:
7541:
7536:
7534:
7529:
7528:
7525:
7515:
7510:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7479:
7476:
7474:
7471:
7469:
7466:
7464:
7461:
7459:
7456:
7454:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7433:
7431:
7428:
7426:
7423:
7421:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7411:
7408:
7406:
7405:Deroplatyidae
7403:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7390:Chaeteessidae
7388:
7386:
7383:
7381:
7378:
7377:
7374:
7368:
7364:
7362:
7358:
7356:
7352:
7350:
7346:
7344:
7340:
7338:
7334:
7333:
7330:
7325:
7317:
7312:
7310:
7305:
7303:
7298:
7297:
7294:
7282:
7281:
7277:
7275:
7274:
7269:
7263:
7262:
7259:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7184:Megasecoptera
7182:
7180:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7147:
7144:
7142:
7139:
7137:
7134:
7132:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7119:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7106:
7104:
7101:
7099:
7096:
7095:
7092:
7088:
7081:
7077:
7063:
7061:
7055:
7052:
7049:
7047:
7043:
7042:
7039:
7009:
7008:
7001:
6999:
6997:(caddisflies)
6993:
6992:
6990:
6988:
6984:
6978:
6977:
6970:
6967:
6963:Siphonaptera
6960:
6959:
6951:
6950:
6948:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:(Mecopterida)
6927:
6917:
6911:
6909:
6903:
6901:
6895:
6894:
6892:
6890:
6886:
6880:
6879:
6872:
6870:
6866:Strepsiptera
6864:
6863:
6861:
6859:
6855:
6852:
6846:
6840:
6839:
6832:
6831:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6797:
6787:
6781:
6779:
6775:Thysanoptera
6773:
6771:
6765:
6764:
6762:
6757:
6756:
6751:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6720:
6706:
6700:
6698:
6692:
6691:
6689:
6687:
6683:
6677:
6671:
6669:
6663:
6662:
6660:
6658:
6650:
6644:
6638:
6636:
6630:
6628:
6622:
6620:
6618:(webspinners)
6614:
6612:
6606:
6604:
6598:
6597:
6594:
6591:
6588:
6583:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6556:
6542:
6536:
6535:
6533:
6531:
6527:
6521:
6515:
6514:
6512:
6510:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6497:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6468:
6462:
6456:
6455:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6425:
6420:
6406:
6400:
6399:
6397:
6395:
6391:
6387:
6383:
6376:
6372:
6366:
6362:
6360:
6356:
6354:
6350:
6348:
6344:
6343:
6340:
6336:
6333:
6326:
6321:
6319:
6314:
6312:
6307:
6306:
6303:
6297:
6294:
6291:
6288:
6285:
6280:
6276:
6273:
6268:
6264:
6263:
6259:
6255:
6240:
6200:
6184:
6180:
6176:
6169:
6166:
6153:
6147:
6144:
6128:
6125:Doutt, R. L.
6121:
6119:
6115:
6110:
6106:
6102:
6098:
6094:
6090:
6086:
6082:
6078:
6074:
6070:
6066:
6065:
6060:
6053:
6050:
6046:
6042:
6036:
6033:
6017:
6013:
6006:
6000:
5997:
5984:
5977:
5974:
5961:
5955:
5952:
5940:
5936:
5930:
5927:
5915:
5911:
5905:
5902:
5889:
5885:
5881:
5875:
5872:
5868:
5863:
5860:
5847:
5840:
5837:
5824:
5817:
5814:
5801:
5794:
5792:
5788:
5783:
5777:
5773:
5766:
5764:
5762:
5758:
5745:
5741:
5735:
5732:
5729:
5724:
5721:
5705:
5698:
5695:
5682:
5678:
5677:"Green Porno"
5674:
5668:
5665:
5652:
5648:
5641:
5638:
5625:
5621:
5614:
5611:
5598:
5592:
5589:
5576:
5569:
5566:
5561:
5555:
5551:
5550:
5542:
5539:
5534:
5528:
5524:
5523:
5515:
5512:
5507:
5501:
5497:
5496:
5488:
5485:
5480:
5474:
5470:
5469:
5460:
5458:
5454:
5449:
5445:
5441:
5437:
5433:
5429:
5422:
5420:
5416:
5411:
5405:
5401:
5400:
5392:
5389:
5376:
5372:
5371:"Entomomancy"
5366:
5363:
5358:
5352:
5348:
5347:
5339:
5336:
5331:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5300:
5297:
5292:
5288:
5284:
5280:
5276:
5272:
5268:
5264:
5261:(Mantodea)".
5260:
5253:
5250:
5245:
5241:
5237:
5233:
5229:
5225:
5218:
5215:
5210:
5206:
5202:
5198:
5194:
5190:
5186:
5182:
5178:
5171:
5169:
5165:
5160:
5156:
5152:
5148:
5144:
5140:
5133:
5130:
5117:
5111:
5108:
5103:
5099:
5095:
5091:
5084:
5081:
5076:
5072:
5068:
5064:
5060:
5056:
5052:
5048:
5041:
5038:
5033:
5029:
5025:
5021:
5017:
5013:
5009:
5005:
4997:
4995:
4991:
4986:
4982:
4978:
4974:
4970:
4966:
4962:
4955:
4952:
4948:
4942:
4939:
4926:
4922:
4918:
4911:
4908:
4904:
4898:
4895:
4890:
4884:
4880:
4876:
4875:
4867:
4865:
4861:
4856:
4852:
4848:
4844:
4840:
4833:
4831:
4829:
4825:
4819:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4802:
4795:
4792:
4788:(1–2): 25–27.
4787:
4783:
4776:
4773:
4760:
4756:
4750:
4747:
4742:
4738:
4731:
4728:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4697:
4693:
4689:
4682:
4679:
4674:
4670:
4663:
4660:
4655:
4651:
4650:
4645:
4639:
4636:
4631:
4625:
4621:
4617:
4616:
4608:
4606:
4604:
4600:
4595:
4589:
4585:
4580:
4579:
4570:
4567:
4563:. Dodd, Mead.
4562:
4561:
4553:
4550:
4545:
4541:
4537:
4530:
4527:
4521:
4516:
4512:
4508:
4504:
4497:
4494:
4489:
4483:
4479:
4478:
4470:
4467:
4462:
4458:
4454:
4450:
4446:
4439:
4436:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4400:
4397:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4360:
4356:
4349:
4346:
4340:
4335:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4316:
4313:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4292:
4288:
4281:
4278:
4273:
4267:
4263:
4262:
4254:
4251:
4246:
4240:
4236:
4235:
4227:
4224:
4219:
4215:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4199:
4198:
4190:
4187:
4182:
4176:
4172:
4167:
4166:
4157:
4154:
4149:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4134:
4126:
4123:
4118:
4114:
4107:
4104:
4092:
4088:
4081:
4078:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4057:
4053:
4046:
4044:
4035:
4032:
4027:
4021:
4017:
4016:
4008:
4005:
4000:
3994:
3990:
3989:
3981:
3978:
3973:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3922:
3919:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3879:
3876:
3871:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3853:
3849:
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3837:
3833:
3829:
3822:
3819:
3803:
3796:
3793:
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3784:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3761:
3759:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3738:
3733:
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3711:
3706:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3691:
3683:
3681:
3677:
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3666:
3662:
3658:
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3649:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3637:
3632:
3628:
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3616:
3612:
3605:
3602:
3589:
3585:
3578:
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3570:
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3562:
3558:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3531:
3528:
3523:
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3511:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3484:
3481:
3476:
3472:
3468:
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3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
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3412:
3406:
3402:
3401:
3393:
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3389:
3387:
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3359:
3356:
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3340:
3337:
3332:
3328:
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3318:
3313:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3288:
3285:
3279:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3263:
3260:
3247:
3243:
3237:
3235:
3231:
3226:
3225:
3217:
3214:
3209:
3208:
3200:
3197:
3192:
3191:
3186:
3179:
3176:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3158:
3150:
3147:
3142:
3136:
3132:
3131:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3115:
3110:
3104:
3100:
3099:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3080:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3057:
3054:
3049:
3043:
3039:
3038:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3008:
3001:
2998:
2992:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2965:In 2016, the
2962:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2929:
2927:
2921:in human hand
2920:
2915:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2860:("god of the
2859:
2857:
2856:Hottentotsgot
2851:
2847:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2826:
2818:
2814:
2809:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2795:
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2724:
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2714:
2713:
2708:
2707:Aldous Huxley
2704:
2703:
2699:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2684:Aldous Huxley
2681:
2680:
2674:
2670:
2668:
2664:
2662:
2656:
2651:
2649:
2644:
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2638:
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2597:
2592:
2590:
2585:
2584:
2575:
2571:
2566:
2559:
2554:
2552:
2551:cannibalism.
2549:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2534:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2498:
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2305:
2301:
2298:
2291:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2269:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2255:
2254:Iris oratoria
2251:Adult female
2247:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2221:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2195:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2180:stick insects
2176:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2158:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2120:
2119:fire melanism
2116:
2112:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2091:
2090:Flower mantis
2083:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2063:tiger beetles
2060:
2056:
2052:
2046:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2028:
2024:
2004:
2003:
1984:
1981:feeding on a
1980:
1979:
1974:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1918:stereo vision
1912:
1908:
1907:
1901:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1872:
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1866:
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1854:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1812:compound eyes
1809:
1781:
1774:
1766:
1765:
1757:
1745:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1717:
1710:
1706:
1699:
1698:
1693:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1681:Chaeteessites
1677:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1659:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1647:
1646:Cretomantidae
1643:
1641:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1621:
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1504:
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1487:
1486:
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1477:
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1468:
1460:
1459:
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1450:
1442:
1441:
1433:
1432:
1424:
1423:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1394:Deroplatyidae
1389:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1340:Hymenopodidae
1335:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1312:
1311:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1288:
1287:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1265:Miomantoidea
1264:
1263:
1257:Calomantodea
1256:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1240:
1239:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1219:
1218:
1210:
1209:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1123:
1122:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1099:
1098:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1086:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1044:
1043:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1021:Gonypetoidea
1020:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1006:Metamantodea
1005:
1004:
1001:
1000:
992:
991:
983:
982:
974:
973:
970:
969:
963:
962:
959:
958:
955:
954:
948:
947:
941:
940:
937:
936:
933:
932:
926:
925:
918:
917:
914:
913:
910:
909:
902:
901:
895:Nanomantodea
894:
893:
886:
885:
882:
881:
873:
872:
864:
863:
855:
854:
846:
845:
837:
836:
833:
832:
826:
825:
822:
821:
818:
817:
811:
810:
804:
803:
800:
799:
796:
795:
789:
788:
782:
781:
778:
777:
774:
773:
767:
766:
760:
759:
756:
755:
752:
751:
745:
744:
737:
736:
733:
732:
729:
728:
721:
720:
713:
712:
706:Artimantodea
705:
704:
701:
700:
697:
696:
689:
688:
681:
680:
677:
676:
673:
672:
666:Mantoidoidea
665:
664:
657:
656:
653:
652:
649:
648:
647:Chaeteessidae
641:
640:
633:
632:
629:
628:
625:
624:
618:
617:
610:
609:
605:
604:
600:
597:Cladogram of
596:
595:
591:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
572:Chaeteessidae
564:
557:
556:
548:
547:
544:
539:
536:
535:
532:
531:
528:
523:
520:
519:
513:
510:
509:
505:
503:
495:
490:
488:
486:
482:
481:
476:
472:
468:
464:
458:
452:
446:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
405:
404:
399:
392:
390:
388:
384:
383:
378:
374:
371:. A cultural
370:
366:
365:ancient Egypt
362:
358:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
320:
316:
312:
308:
303:
301:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
257:
254:
248:
247:
245:
242:
238:
235:
234:
228:
223:
218:
213:
210:
207:
206:
203:
200:
197:
196:
193:
190:
187:
186:
183:
180:
177:
176:
173:
170:
167:
166:
163:
160:
157:
156:
151:
146:
142:
138:
137:
132:
128:
123:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
8127:
8082:Insecticides
7999:
7987:
7984:Hans Zinsser
7949:Clothes moth
7899:
7710:In mythology
7643:Fishing bait
7595:
7493:Tarachodidae
7478:Nanomantidae
7453:Liturgusidae
7380:Acanthopidae
7365:Superorder:
7359:Infraclass:
7323:
7278:
7264:
7234:Syntonoptera
7116:Caloneurodea
7108:Blattoptera
7059:
7050:
7045:
7004:Lepidoptera
7002:
6995:Trichoptera
6971:
6953:
6905:Megaloptera
6899:(snakeflies)
6889:Neuropterida
6873:
6858:Coleopterida
6835:Hymenoptera
6833:
6755:Paraneoptera
6753:
6701:
6675:(gladiators)
6624:Phasmatodea
6602:(stoneflies)
6587:Polyneoptera
6530:Odonatoptera
6394:Monocondylia
6359:Pancrustacea
6357:(unranked):
6187:. Retrieved
6183:the original
6178:
6168:
6156:. Retrieved
6146:
6134:. Retrieved
6079:): 253–260.
6068:
6062:
6052:
6044:
6040:
6035:
6023:. Retrieved
6016:the original
6011:
5999:
5987:. Retrieved
5976:
5964:. Retrieved
5954:
5942:. Retrieved
5938:
5929:
5917:. Retrieved
5913:
5904:
5892:. Retrieved
5888:the original
5883:
5874:
5862:
5852:30 September
5850:. Retrieved
5844:Orum, Pete.
5839:
5829:30 September
5827:. Retrieved
5816:
5804:. Retrieved
5771:
5750:30 September
5748:. Retrieved
5744:the original
5734:
5723:
5711:. Retrieved
5697:
5685:. Retrieved
5667:
5655:. Retrieved
5651:the original
5640:
5628:. Retrieved
5624:the original
5613:
5601:. Retrieved
5591:
5579:. Retrieved
5568:
5548:
5541:
5521:
5514:
5494:
5487:
5467:
5434:(2): 28–46.
5431:
5427:
5398:
5391:
5379:. Retrieved
5375:Occultopedia
5374:
5365:
5345:
5338:
5313:
5309:
5305:
5299:
5266:
5262:
5258:
5252:
5227:
5223:
5217:
5184:
5180:
5176:
5142:
5138:
5132:
5120:. Retrieved
5110:
5093:
5089:
5083:
5050:
5046:
5040:
5007:
5003:
4968:
4964:
4960:
4954:
4946:
4941:
4929:. Retrieved
4924:
4920:
4910:
4902:
4897:
4873:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4811:(1): 23–32.
4808:
4804:
4794:
4785:
4781:
4775:
4763:. Retrieved
4759:the original
4749:
4740:
4736:
4730:
4695:
4691:
4681:
4672:
4668:
4662:
4648:
4638:
4614:
4577:
4569:
4559:
4552:
4543:
4539:
4529:
4510:
4506:
4496:
4476:
4469:
4452:
4448:
4438:
4413:
4409:
4405:
4399:
4358:
4354:
4348:
4329:
4325:
4315:
4290:
4286:
4280:
4260:
4253:
4233:
4226:
4201:
4195:
4189:
4164:
4156:
4132:
4125:
4116:
4112:
4106:
4094:. Retrieved
4090:
4080:
4055:
4051:
4042:
4034:
4014:
4007:
3987:
3980:
3935:
3931:
3921:
3888:
3884:
3878:
3835:
3831:
3821:
3811:21 September
3809:. Retrieved
3795:
3770:
3766:
3757:
3727:
3723:
3713:
3689:
3655:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3610:
3604:
3592:. Retrieved
3588:the original
3577:
3544:
3540:
3530:
3497:
3493:
3483:
3450:
3440:
3431:
3428:
3399:
3365:
3358:
3349:
3345:
3339:
3302:
3298:
3287:
3267:
3262:
3250:. Retrieved
3246:the original
3223:
3216:
3206:
3199:
3188:
3178:
3156:
3149:
3129:
3097:
3063:
3056:
3036:
3010:. Retrieved
3000:
2964:
2949:
2933:
2924:
2902:
2894:
2886:
2876:
2853:
2843:
2825:martial arts
2822:
2803:Martial arts
2797:monster film
2787:
2786:
2775:
2767:femme fatale
2765:
2759:
2754:
2751:M. C. Escher
2749:
2744:
2736:
2726:
2716:
2710:
2705:
2701:
2695:
2687:
2677:
2666:
2658:
2652:
2645:
2640:
2636:
2624:
2587:
2581:
2579:
2547:
2544:
2537:
2529:
2522:
2519:
2514:
2488:
2462:M. religiosa
2461:
2440:
2423:
2397:
2388:
2382:
2368:
2365:Tarachodidae
2349:
2319:
2295:Some mantis
2274:
2252:
2230:
2204:
2198:
2192:
2177:
2161:
2099:
2093:
2071:
2066:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2031:
2000:
1976:
1962:echolocation
1953:Liturgusidae
1942:
1915:
1904:
1873:
1850:
1831:
1805:
1762:
1713:
1695:
1689:Cretophotina
1687:
1679:
1671:
1662:
1618:
1604:
1598:Santanmantis
1596:
1407:
1392:
1370:
1338:
1323:
1292:
1281:Promantidea
1268:
1244:
1193:
1178:
1156:
1134:
1103:
1092:Mantimorpha
1070:
1055:
1024:
968:Nanomantidae
966:
951:
929:
906:
831:Acanthopidae
829:
814:
794:Liturgusidae
792:
770:
748:
725:
693:
669:
645:
621:
588:polyphyletic
568:
542:
526:
521:
499:
478:
470:
462:
450:
438:
408:
403:Stagmomantis
401:
382:femme fatale
380:
354:
330:grasshoppers
304:
299:
274:
266:
265:
230:
211:
198:Superorder:
134:
43:
8281:iNaturalist
8152:Wikispecies
8068:Categories,
8047:Insecticide
7878:Sericulture
7849:Royal jelly
7774:Flea circus
7764:Entomophagy
7698:Cantharidin
7693:Spanish fly
7668:In medicine
7648:Fly fishing
7579:In the arts
7503:Toxoderidae
7483:Rivetinidae
7468:Mantoididae
7420:Gonypetidae
7367:Dictyoptera
7280:Wikispecies
7239:Titanoptera
7171:Lapeyriidae
7166:Hypoperlida
7141:Eoblattodea
7110:(roachoids)
7103:Archodonata
6945:Antliophora
6913:Neuroptera
6875:Coleoptera
6686:Dictyoptera
6656:(Xenonomia)
6632:Orthoptera
6616:Embioptera
6608:Dermaptera
6600:Plecoptera
6500:Palaeoptera
6363:Subphylum:
5798:Funk, Jon.
5713:1 September
5707:(Press Kit)
5687:1 September
4743:(1): 28–33.
4096:16 February
3773:: 147–180.
2895:buru-enmeli
2891:necromancer
2777:Green Porno
2760:A cultural
2753:'s woodcut
2594: [
2409:exoskeleton
2232:Choeradodis
1934:pseudopupil
1838:Dictyoptera
1723:mantidflies
1697:Ambermantis
1673:Jersimantis
1270:Miomantidae
1195:Toxoderidae
1136:Rivetinidae
1100:Haanioidea
1026:Gonypetidae
816:Photinaidae
722:Thespoidea
671:Mantoididae
634:Eumantodea
527:(Mantises)
512:Dictyoptera
435:Dictyoptera
415:Phasmatodea
411:systematics
375:popular in
342:Mantispidae
326:Phasmatodea
322:Dictyoptera
311:cockroaches
202:Dictyoptera
8414:Categories
8087:Pesticides
7824:Bee pollen
7819:Beekeeping
7801:entomology
7744:Biomimicry
7676:Apitherapy
7636:In fishing
7591:Beetlewing
7572:in culture
7488:Sibyllidae
7458:Majangidae
7353:Subclass:
7343:Arthropoda
7189:Miomoptera
6955:Mecoptera
6783:Hemiptera
6704:(mantises)
6694:Blattodea
6640:Zoraptera
6519:(mayflies)
6458:Zygentoma
6353:Arthropoda
6254:Audio help
6245:2016-04-18
5846:"Chow Gar"
4675:: 862–865.
4644:Cott, Hugh
3615:instabilis
3434:: 101–196.
3352:(2): 3–12.
2993:References
2961:Biomimicry
2940:pesticides
2936:plant pest
2899:soothsayer
2864:") in the
2862:Hottentots
2746:advantage.
2738:dénouement
2613:Metapontum
2574:Edo period
2539:ad libitum
2300:mimic ants
2194:Loxomantis
2059:Ligariella
2038:arthropods
2025:catches a
1958:pheromones
1857:trochanter
1846:ultrasound
1828:metathorax
1824:mesothorax
1709:Neuroptera
1611:Cretaceous
1580:See also:
1360:Mantoidea
1072:Majangidae
1037:Lobipedia
419:Orthoptera
334:Orthoptera
319:superorder
258:Mantoptera
249:Manteodea
217:Burmeister
182:Arthropoda
139:, Romania
8070:templates
8042:Pesticide
7658:Fly tying
7498:Thespidae
7425:Haaniidae
7410:Empusidae
7355:Pterygota
7335:Kingdom:
7161:Heraridea
7151:Geroptera
7056:Based on
6930:Panorpida
6877:(beetles)
6767:Psocodea
6702:Mantodea
6653:Notoptera
6610:(earwigs)
6345:Kingdom:
6158:26 August
6101:0921-8009
5894:9 October
5581:9 October
5448:225959388
5096:: 21–39.
4931:8 January
4765:17 August
4218:643483454
4210:0027-9358
3838:: 18718.
3569:253280592
3561:0891-2963
3522:202789239
3514:2624-2834
3467:2246/2838
3252:28 August
2866:Afrikaans
2621:Byzantine
2609:didrachms
2570:ink brush
2389:Miomantis
2200:Orthodera
2173:spiracles
2034:predators
1926:laterally
1922:ommatidia
1885:sternites
1820:prothorax
1808:mandibles
1716:raptorial
1325:Empusidae
1305:Mantidea
1105:Haaniidae
750:Angelidae
727:Thespidae
611:Mantodea
584:Thespidae
538:Blattodea
502:cladogram
491:Phylogeny
423:Blattodea
338:raptorial
315:Blattodea
291:temperate
255:Mantearia
225:Families
168:Kingdom:
162:Eukaryota
8420:Mantodea
8206:BugGuide
8185:Mantodea
8172:Mantodea
8158:Mantodea
8137:Wikidata
8128:Mantodea
8010:Concerns
7962:Pioneers
7939:Woodworm
7844:Propolis
7799:Economic
7686:Melittin
7681:Apitoxin
7463:Mantidae
7361:Neoptera
7341:Phylum:
7337:Animalia
7326:families
7324:Mantodea
7199:Paoliida
6973:Diptera
6777:(thrips)
6538:Odonata
6365:Hexapoda
6351:Phylum:
6347:Animalia
6284:Mantodea
6272:Mantodea
6256: ·
6189:12 April
6109:32112906
6077:Elsevier
5935:"Mantid"
5681:Archived
5675:(2008).
5310:Ethology
5291:85923330
5244:53191218
5209:32185318
5201:16874635
5159:53144893
5075:26887566
4985:53199427
4714:24334741
4646:(1940).
4391:10951932
4307:90832425
4119:: 21–36.
3972:11038523
3870:26740144
3631:25009393
3475:56007623
3331:30963947
3305:(1895).
3185:"mantis"
2981:See also
2955:Robotics
2637:seriphos
2633:Zenobius
2533:ganglion
2393:diapause
2206:Statilia
2165:deimatic
2101:Tachytes
1903:Head of
1881:tergites
1833:Mantoida
1826:, and a
1816:antennae
1780:proximal
1719:forelegs
1658:Amelidae
1409:Mantidae
1158:Amelidae
580:Mantidae
565:Internal
522:Mantodea
496:External
475:Mantidae
439:mantodea
431:termites
377:cartoons
307:termites
295:tropical
287:Mantidae
275:Mantodea
267:Mantises
241:Synonyms
212:Mantodea
178:Phylum:
172:Animalia
158:Domain:
8322:1182267
8143:Q131250
7934:Bed bug
7916:insects
7914:Harmful
7890:Shellac
7834:Beeswax
7789:Jingzhe
7569:insects
7565:Aspects
7558:insects
7349:Insecta
7347:Class:
7322:Extant
7084:Extinct
7058:Sasaki
6965:(fleas)
6759: *
6243: (
6214:minutes
6136:31 July
6081:Bibcode
6025:31 July
5989:31 July
5966:31 July
5944:30 July
5919:30 June
5806:31 July
5657:30 July
5630:30 July
5603:30 July
5381:30 July
5318:Bibcode
5271:Bibcode
5122:31 July
5067:9632486
5032:3546137
5012:Bibcode
4949:, 1: 5.
4722:2228423
4654:392–393
4620:282–293
4430:8886389
4383:5667084
4363:Bibcode
4138:101–103
4072:9319471
3940:Bibcode
3913:4264254
3893:Bibcode
3861:4703989
3840:Bibcode
3787:2407798
3594:30 July
3322:6364590
3164:, 900.
3012:17 July
2909:As pets
2883:Nineveh
2870:ǀKaggen
2832:' and '
2617:Lucania
2611:, from
2602:transl.
2591:
2568:Bronze
2493:molting
2464:ootheca
2447:ootheca
2445:laying
2357:ootheca
2227:mimicry
2188:crypsis
2182:, show
2137:orchids
2106:foliage
2055:Ligaria
2051:Entella
1983:cricket
1945:diurnal
1877:tegmina
1869:arolium
1842:tympana
1746:Anatomy
1741:Biology
1731:tegmina
369:Assyria
279:insects
269:are an
208:Order:
192:Insecta
188:Class:
8384:180000
8371:656293
8355:NZOR:
8312:914220
8234:856743
8211:342391
7873:Kermes
7868:Chitin
7861:Polish
7062:(2013)
7060:et al.
7051:Italic
6379:Extant
6335:orders
6332:Insect
6107:
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2712:Island
2698:Ozarks
2692:mated.
2679:Island
2629:Suidas
2625:Adages
2353:glands
2297:nymphs
2237:thorax
2203:, and
2078:pollen
2057:, and
1911:labrum
1895:Vision
1865:tarsus
599:extant
485:prayer
471:mantis
451:mantis
445:μάντις
367:, and
219:, 1838
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8392:Plazi
8299:10772
8294:IRMNG
8286:48112
8260:11918
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8198:80725
7839:Honey
7556:with
6130:(PDF)
6105:S2CID
6071:(2).
6019:(PDF)
6008:(PDF)
5444:S2CID
5287:S2CID
5240:S2CID
5205:S2CID
5155:S2CID
5071:S2CID
5028:JSTOR
5004:Oikos
4981:S2CID
4718:S2CID
4546:(17).
4387:S2CID
4303:S2CID
4048:(PDF)
3963:24075
3909:S2CID
3805:(PDF)
3763:(PDF)
3697:–39.
3661:21–33
3627:JSTOR
3613:var.
3565:S2CID
3518:S2CID
3471:S2CID
2971:robot
2762:trope
2755:Dream
2733:gecko
2641:graus
2598:]
2405:molts
2225:Leaf
1889:cerci
1861:femur
1735:tibia
463:eidos
457:εἶδος
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271:order
8348:7504
8343:NCBI
8307:ITIS
8268:GBIF
8193:BOLD
7883:Silk
7046:bold
6191:2016
6160:2015
6138:2015
6097:ISSN
6027:2015
5991:2015
5968:2015
5946:2015
5921:2017
5896:2015
5854:2015
5831:2015
5808:2015
5776:ISBN
5752:2015
5728:Imdb
5715:2015
5689:2015
5659:2015
5632:2015
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5554:ISBN
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3327:PMID
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