Knowledge (XXG)

Schizophyllum commune

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As of 2006, it was widely consumed in Mexico and elsewhere in the tropics. The preference for tough, rubbery mushrooms in the tropics was explained as a consequence of the fact that tender, fleshy mushrooms quickly rot in the hot humid conditions there, making their marketing problematic.
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and Hope H. Miller, who considered it to be inedible due to its smallness and toughness. Because the mushrooms absorb moisture, they can expand during digestion. However, some sources indicate that it contains
730: 662: 746:, and if only one of A or B are compatible, the result is either two mycelia growing in opposite directions (only A compatible) or a "flat" phenotype with no mycelia (only B compatible). 1303:
Robin A Ohm; De Jong, JF; Lugones, LG; Aerts, A; Kothe, E; Stajich, JE; De Vries, RP; Record, E; et al. (Jul 2010), "Genome sequence of the model mushroom Schizophyllum commune",
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and subsequent spores will result only if both the A and B loci of the merging cells are compatible. If neither the A nor B are compatible the result is normal
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It may be a common cause of fungal infections and related diseases, most commonly that of the lungs. They have also been reported to cause
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It is found in the wild on decaying trees after rainy seasons followed by dry spells where the mushrooms are naturally collected.
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is usually described as a morphological species of global distribution, but some research has suggested that it may be a
958: 45: 1922: 1608: 623: 1877: 1792: 1599: 1538: 1021:"Eukaryotic microbes, species recognition and the geographic limits of species: examples from the kingdom Fungi" 1917: 1907: 1526: 1942: 1932: 1912: 1561: 950: 577:. It is common in rotting wood. The mushrooms can remain dry for decades and then revived with moisture. 209: 140: 565: in) wide with white or grayish hairs. They grow in shelf-like arrangements, without stalks. The 1854: 1802: 1701: 1657: 896: 1339: 914: 781: 1766: 1496: 513: 447: 325: 165: 156: 40: 1544: 1740: 1836: 1644: 1445: 1404: 1351: 1322: 1285: 1267: 1228: 1189: 1149: 1131: 1096: 1086: 1050: 585: 481: 345: 1019:
Taylor, John; Turner, Elizabeth; Townsend, Jeffrey; Dettman, Jeremy; Jacobson, David (2006).
1486: 1476: 1435: 1394: 1384: 1312: 1275: 1259: 1248:"Hydrophobin Genes Involved in Formation of Aerial Hyphae and Fruit Bodies in Schizophyllum" 1220: 1179: 1139: 1123: 1040: 1032: 990: 813: 380: 107: 573:
on their surface, split when the mushroom dries out, earning this mushroom the common name
1841: 1810: 801: 581: 535: 531: 1373:"Process and dynamics of traditional selling of wild edible mushrooms in tropical Mexico" 588:(called A and B) that govern different aspects the mating process, leading to 4 possible 472:. The mushroom resembles undulating waves of tightly packed corals or loose Chinese fan. 1688: 1696: 1550: 1491: 1464: 1399: 1372: 1045: 1020: 87: 1280: 1247: 1207:
Kothe, Erika (1999). "Mating types and pheromone recognition in the homobasidiomycete
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meaning split because of the appearance of radial, centrally split, gill like folds;
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Wessels, Jgh.; De Vries, Omh.; Asgeirsdottir, S. A.; Schuren, Fhj. (1991-08-01).
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While all mating types can initially fuse with any other mating type, a fertile
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of more narrow distribution, as typical of many mushroom-forming Basidiomycota.
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Guarro, J; Genéj; Stchigel, Am (Jul 1999), "Developments in Fungal Taxonomy",
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on the underside of the cap. This mushroom is found throughout the world.
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because of the unique, longitudinally divided nature of the namesake
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North American Mushrooms: A Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi
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potential mating type specificities, each of which can mate with
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Chowdhary, A; Kathuria, S; Agarwal, K; Meis, JF (Nov 2014).
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Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. (2012).
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Ruán-Soto, F.; Garibay-Orijel, R.; Cifuentes, J. (2006).
1168:"Tetrapolar fungal mating types: Sexes by the thousands" 725:{\displaystyle (9\times 32-1)\times (9\times 9-1)=22960} 612:
type, and the B locus has 9 alleles each for both its
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after cell fusion. Each locus codes for a mating type
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vary from creamy yellow to pale white in colour. The
600:) and each type is multi-allelic: the A locus has 9 1568: 438: 410: 390: 366: 351: 336: 316: 297: 724: 656: 1551:"Tom Volk's Fungus of the Month for February 2000 1078:Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America 875:means common or shared ownership or ubiquitous. 657:{\displaystyle 9\times 32\times 9\times 9=23328} 620:types. When combined this gives an estimated 8: 780:The species was regarded as nonpoisonous by 584:mating system with each cell containing two 1556: 31: 20: 1490: 1480: 1439: 1398: 1388: 1377:Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 1316: 1279: 1183: 1143: 1044: 812:and one of the favourite ingredients for 669: 625: 362:attachment is irregular or not applicable 1505:Citing public domain text from the CDC. 981: 882: 294: 7: 1803:99ec53b0-ac0e-4ef2-886b-853f72766a28 1070: 1068: 1066: 1064: 1888:Fungal plant pathogens and diseases 1465:"Etymologia: Schizophyllum commune" 14: 608:type and an estimated 32 for its 1938:Taxa named by Elias Magnus Fries 1532: 1520: 957: 940: 921: 904: 885: 439: 416: 411: 392: 372: 367: 352: 337: 317: 302: 240:(Fr.) Spirin & Zmitr. (2004) 44: 1463:Mahajan, Monika (March 2022). 1083:University of California Press 713: 695: 689: 671: 541:The caps are 1–4 centimetres ( 1: 1116:Clinical Microbiology Reviews 1185:10.1016/0168-6445(96)00003-4 1213:Fungal Genetics and Biology 484:is small, 1–4 centimetres ( 310:Mycological characteristics 232:(Reichard) Schumach. (1803) 1969: 1948:Fungal pathogens of humans 1342:; Miller, Hope H. (2006). 1172:FEMS Microbiology Reviews 171: 164: 146: 139: 41:Scientific classification 39: 30: 23: 1953:Rare infectious diseases 1903:Fungi of Central America 856:and allergic reactions. 752:was first isolated from 280:Schizophyllum multifidum 16:Species of edible fungus 1928:Fungi described in 1815 1545:"Schizophyllum commune" 816:-style pancakes called 772:was sequenced in 2010. 1898:Fungi of South America 1893:Fungi of North America 1883:Animal fungal diseases 1482:10.3201/eid2803.211051 1225:10.1006/fgbi.1999.1129 1037:10.1098/rstb.2006.1923 1025:Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 951:Grand Rapids, Michigan 726: 658: 1600:Schizophyllum commune 1570:Schizophyllum commune 1539:Schizophyllum commune 1527:Schizophyllum commune 1390:10.1186/1746-4269-2-3 1209:Schizophyllum commune 1166:Kothe, Erika (1996). 993:Schizophyllum commune 965:Schizophyllum commune 948:Schizophyllum commune 929:Schizophyllum commune 912:Schizophyllum commune 893:Schizophyllum commune 770:Schizophyllum commune 754:Schizophyllum commune 727: 659: 534:encompassing several 528:Schizophyllum commune 459:Schizophyllum commune 299:Schizophyllum commune 275:(Batsch) Cooke (1892) 268:Schizophyllum commune 150:Schizophyllum commune 25:Schizophyllum commune 1529:at Wikimedia Commons 1340:Miller Jr., Orson K. 1305:Nature Biotechnology 1128:10.1128/CMR.12.3.454 1085:. pp. 131–132. 897:Santa Cruz Mountains 824:, the local name is 732:other mating types. 668: 624: 283:(Batsch) Fr. (1875) 256:Schizophyllum alneum 245:Schizophyllum alneum 1264:10.1105/tpc.3.8.793 1031:(1475): 1947–1963. 915:Elk Grove, Illinois 782:Orson K. Miller Jr. 510:split-gill mushroom 194:Agaricus multifidus 1923:Fungi of Australia 1469:Emerg. Infect. Dis 1441:10.1093/mmy/myu047 722: 654: 1865: 1864: 1837:Open Tree of Life 1562:Taxon identifiers 1525:Media related to 1357:978-0-7627-3109-1 1092:978-0-520-95360-4 867:is derived from 808:, it is known as 455: 454: 292:Species of fungus 290: 289: 284: 276: 264: 252: 241: 237:Merulius communis 233: 225: 213: 201: 190: 182: 1960: 1878:Schizophyllaceae 1858: 1857: 1845: 1844: 1832: 1831: 1819: 1818: 1806: 1805: 1796: 1795: 1783: 1782: 1780:NBNSYS0000021286 1770: 1769: 1757: 1756: 1744: 1743: 1731: 1730: 1718: 1717: 1705: 1704: 1692: 1691: 1679: 1678: 1666: 1665: 1653: 1652: 1640: 1639: 1630: 1629: 1617: 1616: 1604: 1603: 1602: 1589: 1588: 1587: 1557: 1537:Data related to 1536: 1524: 1508: 1507: 1494: 1484: 1460: 1454: 1453: 1443: 1419: 1413: 1412: 1402: 1392: 1368: 1362: 1361: 1346:. Guilford, CN: 1336: 1330: 1329: 1320: 1318:10.1038/nbt.1643 1300: 1294: 1293: 1283: 1243: 1237: 1236: 1219:(2–3): 146–152. 1204: 1198: 1197: 1187: 1163: 1157: 1156: 1147: 1111: 1105: 1104: 1072: 1059: 1058: 1048: 1016: 1010: 1009: 1007: 1005: 989:Kuo, M. (2003). 986: 961: 944: 925: 908: 889: 731: 729: 728: 723: 663: 661: 660: 655: 586:mating-type loci 569:, which produce 564: 563: 559: 556: 550: 549: 545: 507: 506: 502: 499: 493: 492: 488: 462:is a species of 443: 442: 420: 419: 415: 414: 396: 395: 376: 375: 371: 370: 356: 355: 341: 340: 321: 320: 306: 295: 282: 274: 258: 247: 239: 231: 219: 207: 196: 188: 177: 152: 108:Schizophyllaceae 49: 48: 35: 21: 1968: 1967: 1963: 1962: 1961: 1959: 1958: 1957: 1918:Fungi of Africa 1908:Fungi of Europe 1868: 1867: 1866: 1861: 1853: 1848: 1840: 1835: 1827: 1822: 1814: 1811:Observation.org 1809: 1801: 1799: 1791: 1786: 1778: 1773: 1765: 1760: 1752: 1747: 1739: 1734: 1726: 1721: 1713: 1708: 1700: 1695: 1687: 1682: 1674: 1669: 1661: 1656: 1648: 1643: 1635: 1633: 1625: 1620: 1612: 1607: 1598: 1597: 1592: 1583: 1582: 1577: 1564: 1517: 1512: 1511: 1462: 1461: 1457: 1421: 1420: 1416: 1370: 1369: 1365: 1358: 1350:. p. 139. 1338: 1337: 1333: 1302: 1301: 1297: 1245: 1244: 1240: 1206: 1205: 1201: 1165: 1164: 1160: 1113: 1112: 1108: 1093: 1074: 1073: 1062: 1018: 1017: 1013: 1003: 1001: 999:Mushroom Expert 988: 987: 983: 978: 971: 962: 953: 945: 936: 926: 917: 909: 900: 890: 881: 862: 850: 804:, in the state 802:Northeast India 778: 762: 666: 665: 622: 621: 561: 557: 554: 552: 547: 543: 542: 536:cryptic species 532:species complex 525: 504: 500: 497: 495: 490: 486: 485: 440: 417: 412: 397: 393: 373: 368: 353: 338: 318: 312: 307: 293: 229:Merulius alneus 217:Merulius alneus 189:Reichard (1780) 186:Agaricus alneus 175:Agaricus alneus 160: 154: 148: 135: 132:S. commune 43: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1966: 1964: 1956: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1943:Fungus species 1940: 1935: 1933:Inedible fungi 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1870: 1869: 1863: 1862: 1860: 1859: 1846: 1833: 1820: 1807: 1797: 1784: 1771: 1758: 1745: 1732: 1719: 1706: 1693: 1680: 1667: 1654: 1641: 1631: 1618: 1605: 1590: 1574: 1572: 1566: 1565: 1560: 1554: 1553: 1548: 1542: 1541:at Wikispecies 1530: 1516: 1515:External links 1513: 1510: 1509: 1455: 1414: 1363: 1356: 1331: 1295: 1258:(8): 793–799. 1252:The Plant Cell 1238: 1199: 1158: 1122:(3): 454–500, 1106: 1091: 1060: 1011: 980: 979: 977: 974: 973: 972: 963: 956: 954: 946: 939: 937: 927: 920: 918: 910: 903: 901: 891: 884: 880: 877: 861: 858: 849: 846: 777: 774: 761: 758: 721: 718: 715: 712: 709: 706: 703: 700: 697: 694: 691: 688: 685: 682: 679: 676: 673: 653: 650: 647: 644: 641: 638: 635: 632: 629: 524: 521: 453: 452: 444: 436: 435: 421: 408: 407: 398: 391: 388: 387: 377: 364: 363: 357: 349: 348: 342: 334: 333: 322: 314: 313: 308: 301: 291: 288: 287: 286: 285: 277: 265: 253: 242: 234: 226: 214: 202: 191: 183: 169: 168: 162: 161: 155: 144: 143: 137: 136: 129: 127: 123: 122: 115: 111: 110: 105: 101: 100: 95: 91: 90: 88:Agaricomycetes 85: 81: 80: 75: 71: 70: 65: 61: 60: 55: 51: 50: 37: 36: 28: 27: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1965: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1913:Fungi of Asia 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1875: 1873: 1856: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1798: 1794: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1632: 1628: 1623: 1619: 1615: 1610: 1606: 1601: 1595: 1591: 1586: 1580: 1576: 1575: 1573: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1558: 1552: 1549: 1546: 1543: 1540: 1535: 1531: 1528: 1523: 1519: 1518: 1514: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1459: 1456: 1451: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1434:(8): 782–97. 1433: 1429: 1425: 1418: 1415: 1410: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1391: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1367: 1364: 1359: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1335: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1319: 1314: 1311:(9): 957–63, 1310: 1306: 1299: 1296: 1291: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 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466:in the genus 465: 461: 460: 451: 450: 446:Edibility is 445: 437: 434: 433: 428: 427: 422: 409: 406: 402: 399: 389: 386: 382: 378: 365: 361: 358: 350: 347: 343: 335: 332: 328: 327: 323: 315: 311: 305: 300: 296: 281: 278: 273: 269: 266: 262: 257: 254: 250: 246: 243: 238: 235: 230: 227: 223: 218: 215: 211: 206: 203: 199: 195: 192: 187: 184: 180: 176: 173: 172: 170: 167: 163: 158: 153: 151: 145: 142: 141:Binomial name 138: 134: 133: 128: 125: 124: 121: 120: 119:Schizophyllum 116: 113: 112: 109: 106: 103: 102: 99: 96: 93: 92: 89: 86: 83: 82: 79: 78:Basidiomycota 76: 73: 72: 69: 66: 63: 62: 59: 56: 53: 52: 47: 42: 38: 34: 29: 26: 22: 19: 1569: 1504: 1472: 1468: 1458: 1431: 1427: 1417: 1380: 1376: 1366: 1343: 1334: 1308: 1304: 1298: 1255: 1251: 1241: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1202: 1178:(1): 65–87. 1175: 1171: 1161: 1119: 1115: 1109: 1081:. Berkeley: 1077: 1028: 1024: 1014: 1002:. Retrieved 998: 992: 984: 964: 947: 928: 911: 892: 872: 868: 864: 863: 851: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 817: 809: 799: 795: 793:components. 779: 769: 763: 753: 748: 734: 617: 613: 609: 605: 597: 593: 579: 574: 540: 527: 526: 518: 509: 477: 473: 467: 458: 457: 456: 448: 430: 426:saprotrophic 424: 404: 384: 344:No distinct 324: 298: 279: 271: 267: 255: 244: 236: 228: 216: 204: 193: 185: 174: 149: 147: 131: 130: 118: 24: 18: 1762:NatureServe 1723:iNaturalist 1594:Wikispecies 1348:FalconGuide 1004:18 February 750:Hydrophobin 741:monokarytic 523:Description 478:split-gills 423:Ecology is 401:Spore print 259:(Reichard) 205:Apus alneus 1872:Categories 1475:(3): 725. 976:References 590:phenotypes 582:tetrapolar 575:split gill 272:multifidum 98:Agaricales 74:Division: 1684:FloraBase 1547:, MykoWeb 1501:247097577 1428:Med Mycol 1272:1040-4651 1136:0893-8512 1101:797915861 860:Etymology 854:sinusitis 810:kanglayen 791:antiviral 787:antitumor 776:Edibility 737:fruitbody 708:− 702:× 693:× 684:− 678:× 643:× 637:× 631:× 580:It has a 432:parasitic 249:J.Schröt. 222:J.F.Gmel. 126:Species: 64:Kingdom: 58:Eukaryota 1767:2.911965 1749:MycoBank 1741:11328643 1697:Fungorum 1634:BioLib: 1627:60025297 1622:AusFungi 1579:Wikidata 1450:25202126 1409:16393345 1383:(1): 3. 1327:20622885 1290:12324614 1233:10441440 1154:10398676 1055:17062413 933:Missouri 834:mushroom 814:Manipuri 760:Genetics 744:mycelium 604:for the 379:Lacks a 360:Hymenium 331:hymenium 166:Synonyms 104:Family: 54:Domain: 1715:5241128 1663:1017353 1585:Q941733 1492:8888233 1400:1360659 1194:8672296 1046:1764934 969:Estonia 895:in the 879:Gallery 873:commune 822:Mizoram 818:paaknam 806:Manipur 602:alleles 560:⁄ 546:⁄ 503:⁄ 489:⁄ 474:Gillies 449:unknown 114:Genus: 94:Order: 84:Class: 1855:437835 1829:437835 1800:NZOR: 1754:208403 1702:208403 1676:SCYZCO 1614:124666 1499:  1489:  1448:  1407:  1397:  1354:  1325:  1288:  1281:160046 1278:  1270:  1231:  1192:  1152:  1145:100249 1142:  1134:  1099:  1089:  1053:  1043:  869:Schíza 840:means 832:means 766:genome 464:fungus 383:or is 263:(1898) 261:Kuntze 251:(1889) 224:(1792) 212:(1821) 200:(1786) 198:Batsch 181:(1755) 159:(1815) 1850:WoRMS 1816:13776 1736:IRMNG 1728:54573 1689:50401 1650:79WX9 1637:59975 1497:S2CID 820:. In 720:22960 652:23328 567:gills 514:gills 405:white 381:stipe 326:Gills 270:var. 220:(L.) 208:(L.) 68:Fungi 1842:8357 1824:OBIS 1793:5334 1788:NCBI 1710:GBIF 1671:EPPO 1609:APNI 1446:PMID 1405:PMID 1352:ISBN 1323:PMID 1286:PMID 1268:ISSN 1229:PMID 1190:PMID 1150:PMID 1132:ISSN 1097:OCLC 1087:ISBN 1051:PMID 1006:2020 935:, US 842:tiny 826:pasi 789:and 764:The 616:and 385:bare 210:Gray 1775:NBN 1658:EoL 1645:CoL 1487:PMC 1477:doi 1436:doi 1395:PMC 1385:doi 1313:doi 1276:PMC 1260:doi 1221:doi 1211:". 1180:doi 1140:PMC 1124:doi 1041:PMC 1033:doi 1029:361 967:in 931:in 800:In 768:of 596:or 482:cap 476:or 429:or 403:is 346:cap 329:on 157:Fr. 1874:: 1852:: 1839:: 1826:: 1813:: 1790:: 1777:: 1764:: 1751:: 1738:: 1725:: 1712:: 1699:: 1686:: 1673:: 1660:: 1647:: 1624:: 1611:: 1596:: 1581:: 1503:. 1495:. 1485:. 1473:28 1471:. 1467:. 1444:. 1432:52 1430:. 1426:. 1403:. 1393:. 1379:. 1375:. 1321:, 1309:28 1307:, 1284:. 1274:. 1266:. 1254:. 1250:. 1227:. 1217:27 1215:. 1188:. 1176:18 1174:. 1170:. 1148:, 1138:, 1130:, 1120:12 1118:, 1095:. 1063:^ 1049:. 1039:. 1027:. 1023:. 997:. 838:si 836:, 830:pa 756:. 681:32 634:32 594:(a 179:L. 1479:: 1452:. 1438:: 1411:. 1387:: 1381:2 1360:. 1315:: 1292:. 1262:: 1256:3 1235:. 1223:: 1196:. 1182:: 1126:: 1103:. 1057:. 1035:: 1008:. 995:" 991:" 828:( 717:= 714:) 711:1 705:9 699:9 696:( 690:) 687:1 675:9 672:( 649:= 646:9 640:9 628:9 618:b 614:a 610:b 606:a 598:b 562:8 558:5 555:+ 553:1 551:– 548:8 544:3 505:8 501:5 498:+ 496:1 494:– 491:8 487:3

Index


Scientific classification
Edit this classification
Eukaryota
Fungi
Basidiomycota
Agaricomycetes
Agaricales
Schizophyllaceae
Schizophyllum
Binomial name
Fr.
Synonyms
L.
Batsch
Gray
J.F.Gmel.
J.Schröt.
Kuntze
View the Mycomorphbox template that generates the following list
Mycological characteristics
Gills
hymenium
cap
Hymenium
stipe
Spore print
saprotrophic
parasitic
unknown

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