212:
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33:
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can vary throughout São Tomé, however, and it is the only known caecilian to follow
Bergmann's rule, which states that a decreasing temperature due to factors such as increasing altitude will cause an increase in the body size of endothermic vertebrate species. The island of São Tomé is a massive
394:) which was also determined to be its lone congener. This congeneric grouping was later supported by sequence analyses of thirteen complete mitochondrial genomes from twelve caecilian species. However, species-level phylogenetic relationships of
555:
1263:
1150:
362:
Interfamilial and intergeneric relationships of the São Tomé caecilian are well supported by analyses of mitochondrial (mtDNA) sequence data. At the genus level,
1189:
1253:
211:
1124:
1163:
1080:
1273:
700:"Population Genetics of the São Tomé Caecilian (Gymnophiona: Dermophiidae: Schistometopum thomense) Reveals Strong Geographic Structuring"
602:
293:
shield volcano, and it therefore has differing altitudes throughout the island, potentially resulting in the size diversity of
1075:
201:
1168:
653:"Phylogenetic relationships of African caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona): Insights from mitochondrial rRNA gene sequences"
76:
1098:
1268:
1040:
981:
1194:
884:"Relative time scales reveal multiple origins of parallel disjunct distributions of African caecilian amphibians"
484:), sister to Siphonopidae, was proposed. Subsequent studies on caecilians used this nine-family classification.
572:
882:
Loader, Simon P; Pisani, Davide; Cotton, James A; Gower, David J; Day, Julia J; Wilkinson, Mark (2007-10-22).
1258:
620:"Bergmann's rule and the terrestrial caecilian Schistometopum thomense (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Caeciliidae)"
418:) ~1 Ma. Further information is needed to fully understand phylogenetic relationships at the species level.
382:
402:, a cryptic species on São Tomé Island. Available information on species-level relationships (inclusive of
1002:
764:"A mitogenomic perspective on the phylogeny and biogeography of living caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona)"
1103:
651:
Wilkinson, Mark; Loader, Simon P.; Gower, David J.; Sheps, Jonathan A.; Cohen, Bernard L. (2003-12-01).
184:
814:
O’Connell, Kyle A.; Prates, Ivan; Scheinberg, Lauren A.; Mulder, Kevin P.; Bell, Rayna C. (June 2021).
763:
1111:
1049:
280:
32:
530:
41:
983:
Revision of the
African Caecilian Genus Schistometopum Parker (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Caeciliidae)
288:
It is typically around 30 cm (12 in) in length, and is often bright yellow. The size of
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739:
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372:
a genus of caecilians found in South
America; these two genera are paired in a clade. Within
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952:
911:
895:
835:
827:
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729:
711:
664:
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434:
1181:
989:(187 ed.). Miscellaneous Publications of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan.
1202:
442:
816:"Speciation and secondary contact in a fossorial island endemic, the São Tomé caecilian"
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916:
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243:
161:
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1176:
865:
516:
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61:
56:
684:
458:
454:
235:
151:
668:
941:"New Asiatic and African caecilians with redescriptions of certain other species"
940:
716:
461:) for caecilians that resolved the paraphyly of Caeciliidae and placed the genus
1137:
1062:
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88:
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429:, a highly unresolved grouping that was paraphyletic with respect to the
391:
239:
108:
1129:
1067:
271:
831:
698:
Stoelting, Ricka E.; Measey, G. John; Drewes, Robert C. (2014-08-29).
406:) is limited to a single line of evidence that the common ancestor of
1142:
267:
266:. It is found in most soils on São Tomé, from tropical moist lowland
98:
996:
437:. This classification remained until 2011, when a nine-family level
277:. It is absent only from the driest northern areas of the island.
387:
279:
1116:
590:
Island Africa: The
Evolution of Africa's Rare Plants and Animals
438:
1000:
398:
have yet to be fully determined, given the recent discovery of
593:. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp.
501:
499:
497:
304:
The species has been described under the following synonyms:
421:
Zooming out to higher-level phylogenetic relationships,
560:
Amphibian
Species of the World 6.0, an Online Reference
254:(with various spellings of the island's name), as the
1009:
531:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T59592A16958403.en
453:, Caeciliidae, Typhlonectidae, Indotyphlidae,
762:Zhang, Peng; Wake, Marvalee H. (2009-11-01).
8:
980:Nussbaum, Ronald; Pfrender, Michael (1998).
506:IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2020).
997:
210:
50:
31:
20:
956:
945:The University of Kansas Science Bulletin
915:
839:
733:
715:
618:Measey, John; Van Dongen, Stefan (2006).
529:
250:. This species may be referred to as the
386:(an East African species distributed in
493:
550:
548:
877:
875:
768:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
7:
809:
807:
805:
757:
755:
753:
646:
644:
642:
640:
1254:IUCN Red List least concern species
517:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
376:Wilkinson et al. (2003) found that
414:diverged from its sister species (
14:
1264:Endemic fauna of São Tomé Island
939:Taylor, Edward Harrison (1965).
75:
573:Species of the week: Cobra Bobo
425:was historically placed in the
657:African Journal of Herpetology
1:
669:10.1080/21564574.2003.9635483
627:Evolutionary Ecology Research
1274:Amphibians described in 1873
717:10.1371/journal.pone.0104628
780:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.06.018
368:was recovered as sister to
345:Schistometopum brevirostris
1290:
351:Schistometopum brevirostre
262:, or by the local name of
556:"Schistometopum thomense"
218:
209:
190:
183:
72:Scientific classification
70:
48:
39:
30:
23:
1081:Schistometopum-thomense
1055:Schistometopum_thomense
1041:Schistometopum thomense
1011:Schistometopum thomense
510:Schistometopum thomense
333:Schistometopum thomense
227:Schistometopum thomense
194:Schistometopum thomense
25:Schistometopum thomense
958:10.5962/bhl.part.20077
900:10.1098/rsbl.2007.0266
321:Dermophis brevirostris
315:Siphonops brevirostris
285:
524:: e.T59592A16958403.
465:in the Dermophiidae (
400:Schistometopum ephele
339:Schistometopum ephele
283:
449:, Scolecomorphidae,
16:Species of amphibian
327:Dermophis thomensis
309:Siphonops thomensis
42:Conservation status
286:
284:São Tomé caecilian
256:Agua Ize caecilian
252:São Tomé caecilian
1241:
1240:
1216:Open Tree of Life
1003:Taxon identifiers
832:10.1111/mec.15928
826:(12): 2859–2871.
820:Molecular Ecology
585:Kingdon, Jonathan
223:
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435:Scolecomorphidae
260:island caecilian
230:is a species of
214:
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176:S. thomense
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1269:Ilhéu das Rolas
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443:Rhinatrematidae
374:Schistometopum,
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248:Ilhéu das Rolas
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1259:Schistometopum
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972:
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894:(5): 505–508.
871:
841:2027.42/168310
801:
774:(2): 479–491.
749:
710:(8): e104628.
690:
636:
610:
603:
576:
565:
544:
492:
491:
489:
486:
482:Schistometopum
463:Schistometopum
447:Ichthyophiidae
431:Typhlonectidae
365:Schistometopum
359:
356:
355:
354:
353:— Taylor, 1968
348:
347:— Taylor, 1965
342:
341:— Taylor, 1965
336:
335:— Parker, 1941
330:
329:— Peters, 1880
324:
318:
317:— Peters, 1874
312:
311:— Bocage, 1873
301:
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234:in the family
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380:is sister to
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358:Phylogenetics
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323:— Peters 1880
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185:Binomial name
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57:Least Concern
47:
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19:
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703:
693:
663:(2): 83–92.
660:
656:
633:: 1049–1059.
630:
626:
613:
589:
579:
568:
559:
535:. Retrieved
521:
515:
509:
481:
466:
462:
459:Dermophiidae
455:Siphonopidae
422:
420:
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377:
373:
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363:
361:
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332:
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314:
308:
303:
295:S. thomense.
294:
289:
287:
263:
259:
258:, or as the
255:
251:
236:Dermophiidae
226:
225:
224:
193:
191:
175:
174:
162:
152:Dermophiidae
135:
24:
18:
1138:iNaturalist
1063:AmphibiaWeb
1035:Wikispecies
951:: 253–302.
537:18 November
472:Geotrypetes
427:Caeciliidae
423:S. thomense
416:S. gregorii
408:S. thomense
396:S. thomense
383:S. gregorii
378:S. thomense
290:S. thomense
275:plantations
270:to coastal
129:Gymnophiona
1248:Categories
488:References
451:Herpelidae
370:Dermophis,
264:cobra bobo
967:0022-8850
908:1744-9561
866:234346715
850:0962-1083
788:1055-7903
726:1932-6203
677:2156-4574
468:Dermophis
412:S. ephele
404:S. ephele
232:amphibian
170:Species:
95:Kingdom:
89:Eukaryota
1156:11218260
1088:BioLib:
1026:Q2237200
1020:Wikidata
926:17609171
858:33969550
796:19577653
744:25171066
704:PLOS ONE
685:31702386
587:(1989).
476:Gymnopis
433:and the
392:Tanzania
300:Synonyms
244:São Tomé
148:Family:
119:Amphibia
109:Chordata
105:Phylum:
99:Animalia
85:Domain:
62:IUCN 3.1
1231:6422172
1130:2430997
1117:1048295
917:2396187
735:4149351
272:coconut
268:forests
240:endemic
204:, 1873)
158:Genus:
125:Order:
115:Class:
60: (
1228:uBio:
1221:282218
1208:205600
1195:420425
1169:668504
1104:304468
1091:183014
965:
924:
914:
906:
864:
856:
848:
794:
786:
742:
732:
724:
683:
675:
601:
457:, and
219:range
202:Bocage
1182:59592
1151:IRMNG
1143:28081
987:(PDF)
862:S2CID
681:S2CID
623:(PDF)
388:Kenya
142:Apoda
136:Clade
1190:NCBI
1177:IUCN
1164:ITIS
1125:GBIF
1099:BOLD
1068:1937
963:ISSN
922:PMID
904:ISSN
854:PMID
846:ISSN
792:PMID
784:ISSN
740:PMID
722:ISSN
673:ISSN
599:ISBN
539:2021
522:2020
480:and
439:taxa
410:and
390:and
246:and
1112:EoL
1076:ASW
1050:ADW
953:doi
912:PMC
896:doi
836:hdl
828:doi
776:doi
730:PMC
712:doi
665:doi
526:doi
242:to
1250::
1218::
1205::
1192::
1179::
1166::
1153::
1140::
1127::
1114::
1101::
1078::
1065::
1052::
1037::
1022::
961:.
949:46
947:.
943:.
920:.
910:.
902:.
890:.
886:.
874:^
860:.
852:.
844:.
834:.
824:30
822:.
818:.
804:^
790:.
782:.
772:53
770:.
766:.
752:^
738:.
728:.
720:.
706:.
702:.
679:.
671:.
661:52
659:.
655:.
639:^
629:.
625:.
597:.
595:39
558:.
547:^
520:.
514:.
496:^
474:,
470:,
445:,
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138::
969:.
955::
928:.
898::
892:3
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838::
830::
798:.
778::
746:.
714::
708:9
687:.
667::
631:8
607:.
562:.
541:.
528::
512:"
508:"
478:,
441:(
200:(
64:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
