1924:. Fayetteville Works was the site where DuPont began manufacture of PFOA after the lawsuit in Parkersburg WV halted their production there. When EPA asked companies to voluntarily phase out PFOA production, it was replaced by GenX in Fayetteville Works. In June of 2017, The Wilmington Star-News broke the story that GenX was found in the Cape Fear River – the drinking water supply for 500,000 people. The source of the pollution was determined to be the Fayetteville Works site, which had been run by DuPont since its founding in 1971 and then managed by DuPont spinoff, The Chemours Company, since 2015. The water utility confirmed they had no ability to filter these chemicals from the drinking water. NC Dpt of Environmental Quality records indicate that DuPont started release PFAS into the area beginning in 1976 with the production of Nafion, and that PFAS including GenX had been released as a byproduct of the production of Vinyl Ethers since 1980, exposing the Cape Fear Basin for decades. A small nonprofit called Cape Fear River Watch sued the NC Dept. of Environmental Quality (DEQ) for not taking swifter and stronger action, and sued the polluter, Chemours for violations of the Clean Water Act and the Toxic Substances Control Act. The result was a Consent Order, signed February 25, 2019 by Cape Fear River Watch, NC Department of Environmental Quality, and Chemours. The order has required Chemours to stop wastewater discharge, air emissions, groundwater discharge, sampling and filtration options to well users, and required sampling that proved there were upwards of 300 distinct PFAS being released from Fayetteville Works.
1152:
1422:
596:. The gas in its pressure bottle stopped flowing before the bottle's weight had dropped to the point signaling "empty". John J. Beall (chemist), noticing a weight differential in his test cylinder brought it to the attention of Roy Plunket. The chemists in the lab sawed the bottle apart and found the bottle's interior coated with a waxy white material that was oddly slippery. Analysis showed that it was polymerized perfluoroethylene, with the iron from the inside of the container having acted as a catalyst at high pressure. Kinetic Chemicals patented the new fluorinated plastic (analogous to the already known
79:
262:
192:
70:
5369:
823:
368:
845:, which is a white solid at room temperature, with a density of about 2200 kg/m and a melting point of 600 K (327 °C; 620 °F). It maintains high strength, toughness and self-lubrication at low temperatures down to 5 K (−268.2 °C; −450.7 °F), and good flexibility at temperatures above 194 K (−79.15 °C; −110.5 °F). PTFE gains its properties from the aggregate effect of
5147:
1852:(PFOS) have been estimated to be in every American person's blood stream in the parts per billion range, though those concentrations have decreased by 70% for PFOA and 84% for PFOS between 1999 and 2014, which coincides with the end of the production and phase out of PFOA and PFOS in the US. The general population has been exposed to PFOA through massive dumping of C8 waste into the ocean and near the
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debulking (vacuum removal of air from between layers of laid-up plies of material) and when curing the composite, usually in an autoclave. The PTFE, used here as a film, prevents the non-production materials from sticking to the part being built, which is sticky due to the carbon-graphite or fiberglass plies being pre-pregnated with
1879:
conducted studies on the population of
Parkersburg, WV surrounding the (former DuPont) Chemours Washington Works chemical plant that was exposed to PFOA at levels greater than in the general population. The studies concluded that there was an association between PFOA exposure and six health outcomes:
801:
Granular PTFE is produced via suspension polymerization, where PTFE is suspended in an aqueous medium primarily via agitation and sometimes with the use of a surfactant. PTFE is also synthesized via emulsion polymerization, where a surfactant is the primary means of keeping PTFE in an aqueous medium.
1343:
PTFE is used in some aerosol lubricant sprays, including in micronized and polarized form. It is notable for its extremely low coefficient of friction, its hydrophobia (which serves to inhibit rust), and for the dry film it forms after application, which allows it to resist collecting particles that
1264:
PTFE film is also widely used in the production of carbon fiber composites as well as fiberglass composites, notably in the aerospace industry. PTFE film is used as a barrier between the carbon or fiberglass part being built, and breather and bagging materials used to incapsulate the bondment when
1065:
Processing PTFE can be difficult and expensive, because the high melting temperature, 327 °C (621 °F), is above the decomposition temperature. Even when molten, PTFE does not flow due to its exceedingly high melt-viscosity. The viscosity and melting point can be decreased by inclusion of
1790:
and stain-resistant fabric coatings, but non-stick cookware was not found to be a major source of exposure, as the PFOA is burned off during the manufacturing process and not present in the finished product. Non-stick coated cookware has not been manufactured using PFOA since 2013, and PFOA is no
660:
is one example of radiation processing. Cross-linked PTFE has improved high-temperature mechanical properties and radiation stability. That was significant because, for many years, irradiation at ambient conditions has been used to break down PTFE for recycling. This radiation-induced
371:
1029:
Because of its chemical and thermal properties, PTFE is often used as a gasket material within industries that require resistance to aggressive chemicals such as pharmaceuticals or chemical processing. However, until the 1990s, PTFE was not known to crosslink like an
1961:
These retain the useful PTFE properties of low friction and nonreactivity, but are also more easily formable. For example, FEP is softer than PTFE and melts at 533 K (260 °C; 500 °F); it is also highly transparent and resistant to sunlight.
1731:
An animal study conducted in 1955 concluded that it is unlikely that these products would be generated in amounts significant to health at temperatures below 250 °C (482 °F). Above those temperatures the degradation by-products can be lethal to
646:, who had been using the substance on scientific utensils, marketed the first US-made PTFE-coated pan, "The Happy Pan", in 1961. Non-stick cookware has since become a common household product, now offered by hundreds of manufacturers across the world.
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PTFE is widely used as a non-stick coating for food processing equipment; dough hoppers, mixing bowls, conveyor systems, rollers, and chutes. PTFE can also be reinforced where abrasion is present – for equipment processing seeded or grainy dough for
1081:. Here, fine powdered PTFE is forced into a mould under high pressure (10–100 MPa). After a settling period, lasting from minutes to days, the mould is heated at 360 to 380 °C (680 to 716 °F), allowing the fine particles to fuse (
1682:
PTFE foils are commonly used with laserprinters everywhere, in their fuser unit, wrapped around the heater element(s) and as well on the opposite pressure roller to prevent any kind of sticking to it (neither the printed paper nor toner
2177:
1167:
The major application of PTFE, consuming about 50% of production, is for the insulation of wiring in aerospace and computer applications (e.g. hookup wire, coaxial cables). This application exploits the fact that PTFE has excellent
1299:, and in industrial pipe lines, particularly in applications using acids, alkalis, or other chemicals. Its frictionless qualities allow improved flow of highly viscous liquids, and for uses in applications such as brake hoses.
1767:
before a temperature of 260 °C (500 °F) is reached. A 1973 study by DuPont's
Haskell Laboratory found that a 4-hour exposure to the fumes emitted by PTFE cookware heated to 280 °C (536 °F) was lethal for
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374:
4437:
Ellis, D.A.; Mabury, S.A.; Martin, J.W.; Muir, D.C.G.; Mabury, S.A.; Martin, J.W.; Muir, D.C.G. (2001). "Thermolysis of fluoropolymers as a potential source of halogenated organic acids in the environment".
1567:
Its high corrosion resistance makes PTFE useful in laboratory environments, where it is used for lining containers, as a coating for magnetic stirrers, and as tubing for highly corrosive chemicals such as
1786:). Concerning levels of PFOA have been found in the blood of people who work in or live near factories where the chemical is used, and in people regularly exposed to PFOA-containing products such as some
633:
In 1954, Colette Grégoire urged her husband, the French engineer Marc Grégoire, to try the material he had been using on fishing tackle on her cooking pans. He subsequently created the first PTFE-coated,
861:. At temperatures above 650–700 °C (1,200–1,290 °F) PTFE undergoes depolymerization. However, it begins to decompose at about 260 °C (500 °F) through 350 °C (662 °F), and
3876:
Griffith, Franklin D.; Stephens, Susan S.; Tayfun, Figen O. (April 1973). "Exposure of
Japanese Quail and Parakeets to the Pyrolysis Products of Fry Pans Coated with Teflon® and Common Cooking Oils".
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1456:
It is used as a film interface patch for sports and medical applications, featuring a pressure-sensitive adhesive backing, which is installed in strategic high friction areas of footwear, insoles,
1751:
near PTFE components. PTFE-coated cookware is unlikely to reach dangerous temperatures with normal use, as meat is usually fried between 204 and 232 °C (399 and 450 °F), and most
1686:
PTFE is also used to make body jewellery as it's much safer to wear compared to materials like acrylic, that release toxics into the body at 26.6 °C, unlike PTFE at 650–700 °C.
1200:
frequencies. Combined with its high melting temperature, this makes it the material of choice as a high-performance substitute for the weaker, higher dispersion and lower-melting-point
1538:) due to PTFE's capability to diffuse a transmitting light nearly perfectly. Moreover, optical properties of PTFE stay constant over a wide range of wavelengths, from UV down to near
1283:, US, was one of the largest applications of PTFE coatings. 20 acres (81,000 m) of the material was used in the creation of the white double-layered PTFE-coated fiberglass dome.
1038:. Because of the propensity to creep, the long-term performance of such seals is worse than for elastomers that exhibit zero, or near-zero, levels of creep. In critical applications,
4076:
372:
759:) and carbon, a special apparatus is required for the polymerization to prevent hot spots that might initiate this dangerous side reaction. The process is typically initiated with
1018:
cannot stick. In addition, PTFE can be used to prevent insects from climbing up surfaces painted with the material. For example, PTFE is used to prevent ants from climbing out of
1815:, as well as producing longer chain polyfluoro- and/or polychlorofluoro- (C3-C14) carboxylic acids which may be equally persistent. These products can accumulate in evaporative
439:
5700:
1705:
While PTFE is stable at lower temperatures, it begins to deteriorate at temperatures of about 260 °C (500 °F), it decomposes above 350 °C (662 °F), and
2862:
Wapler, M. C.; Leupold, J.; Dragonu, I.; von
Elverfeldt, D.; Zaitsev, M.; Wallrabe, U. (2014). "Magnetic properties of materials for MR engineering, micro-MR and beyond".
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It is used as a coating for medical and healthcare applications formulated to provide strength and heat resistance to surgical devices and other medical equipment.
2239:
2436:
Puts, Gerard J.; Crouse, Philip; Ameduri, Bruno M. (28 January 2019). "Polytetrafluoroethylene: Synthesis and
Characterization of the Original Extreme Polymer".
1819:
and have been found in the roots and seeds of wetland plant species, but has not been observed to have an adverse impact on plant health or germination success.
1269:
resin. Non-production materials such as Teflon, Airweave
Breather and the bag itself would be considered F.O.D. (foreign object debris/damage) if left in layup.
3973:
1440:
It can be stretched to contain small pores of varying sizes and is then placed between fabric layers to make a waterproof, breathable fabric in outdoor apparel.
1601:
from air streams in applications involving high temperatures and high particulate loads such as coal-fired power plants, cement production and steel foundries.
1002:
of plastics is usually measured against polished steel. PTFE's coefficient of friction is 0.05 to 0.10, which is the third-lowest of any known solid material (
2605:
1307:
PTFE architectural membranes are created by coating a woven glass-fibre base cloth with PTFE, forming one of the strongest and most durable materials used in
2357:
Sun, J.Z.; et al. (1994). "Modification of polytetrafluoroethylene by radiation—1. Improvement in high temperature properties and radiation stability".
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1394:
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PFOA persists indefinitely in the environment. PFOA has been detected in the blood of many individuals of the general US population in the low and sub-
1116:
1689:
PTFE is used to make bookbinding tools for folding, scoring and separating sheets of paper. These are typically referred to as Teflon bone folders.
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5117:
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2213:
396:
1772:, although that was a higher temperature than the 260 °C (500 °F) required for fumes from pyrolyzed butter to be lethal to the birds.
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5049:
4250:"Evaluation of chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity of ammonium 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy)-propanoate in Sprague–Dawley rats"
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Most cases of polymer fume fever in humans occur due to smoking PTFE-contaminated tobacco, although cases have occurred in people who have
3425:
3033:
3017:
1042:
are often used to apply continuous force to PTFE gaskets, thereby ensuring a minimal loss of performance over the lifetime of the gasket.
4733:
4152:
Trudel D, Horowitz L, Wormuth M, Scheringer M, Cousins IT, Hungerbühler K (April 2008). "Estimating consumer exposure to PFOS and PFOA".
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PTFE tubes are used in gas-gas heat exchangers in gas cleaning of waste incinerators. Unit power capacity is typically several megawatts.
517:
2935:
2787:
5686:
5193:
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2940:
1550:. Thus PTFE enables cosinusoidal angular response for a detector measuring the power of optical radiation at a surface, e.g. in solar
1542:. In this region, the ratio of its regular transmittance to diffuse transmittance is negligibly small, so light transmitted through a
3649:
5124:
2771:
2529:
2267:
1138:
1913:, such as Teflon-brand PTFE. However, in lab tests on rats, GenX has been shown to cause many of the same health problems as PFOA.
1516:
Powdered PTFE is used in a suspension with a low-viscosity, azeotropic mixture of siloxane ethers to create a lubricant for use in
532:
over ecotoxicological and health issues. Dupont's spin-off
Chemours today manufactures PTFE using an alternative chemical it calls
509:, PTFE reduces friction, wear, and energy consumption of machinery. It is used as a graft material in surgery and as a coating on
4521:
4024:
4421:
4408:
2817:
Blumm, J.; Lindemann, A.; Meyer, M.; Strasser, C. (2011). "Characterization of PTFE Using
Advanced Thermal Analysis Technique".
2290:
2112:
1909:, DuPont began to use GenX, a similarly fluorinated compound, as a replacement for perfluorooctanoic acid in the manufacture of
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5113:
3332:
565:
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849:, as do all fluorocarbons. The only chemicals known to affect these carbon-fluorine bonds are highly reactive metals like the
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2991:
1954:
1714:
1324:
1120:
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43:, and has numerous applications because it is chemically inert. The commonly known brand name of PTFE-based composition is
4051:"Welcome to Beautiful Parkersburg, West Virginia Home to one of the most brazen, deadly corporate gambits in U.S. history"
3914:
1937:
3774:
Zapp JA, Limperos G, Brinker KC (26 April 1955). "Toxicity of pyrolysis products of 'Teflon' tetrafluoroethylene resin".
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6132:
6077:
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1921:
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is a brand of expanded PTFE (ePTFE), a material incorporating a fluoropolymer membrane with micropores. The roof of the
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of firearms that uncoated projectiles would cause. PTFE itself does not give a projectile an armor-piercing property.
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5283:
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4248:
Caverly Rae, JM; Craig, Lisa; Stone, Theodore W.; Frame, Steven R.; Buxton, L. William; Kennedy, Gerald L. (2015).
4050:
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1640:, to isolate the contacts of the adjacent tooth so the restorative materials will not stick to the adjacent tooth.
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2020:
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PTFE membrane filters are among the most efficient industrial air filters. PTFE-coated filters are often used in
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Koch, E.-C. (2002). "Metal-Fluorocarbon
Pyrolants:III. Development and Application of Magnesium/Teflon/Viton".
2015:
1985:
1778:(PFOA), a chemical formerly used in the manufacture of PTFE products such as non-stick coated cookware, can be
657:
649:
The brand name Zepel was used for promoting its stain-resistance and water-resistance when applied to fabrics.
607:, was producing over 910,000 kilograms (2,000,000 lb) of Teflon-brand polytetrafluoroethylene per year in
4204:
2547:"Tumorigenic activity of alternative per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): Mechanistic in vitro studies"
2411:
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1074:(HFP). These cause the otherwise perfectly linear PTFE chain to become branched, reducing its crystallinity.
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Emerging
Contaminants Fact Sheet – Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS) and Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA)
1460:, and other medical devices to prevent and relieve friction-induced blisters, calluses and foot ulceration.
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3456:"PTFE & Industrial Non-Stick Fluoropolymer Coating Services | Delta Coatings & Linings, Inc"
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Dunn, WJ; et al. (2004). "Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tape as a matrix in operative dentistry".
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PTFE thermal cover showing impact craters, from NASA's Ultra Heavy Cosmic Ray Experiment (UHCRE) on the
91:
505:, so it is often used in containers and pipework for reactive and corrosive chemicals. Where used as a
2217:
2168:
1856:
Valley. PFOA has been detected in industrial waste, stain-resistant carpets, carpet cleaning liquids,
1291:
Because of its extreme non-reactivity and high temperature rating, PTFE is often used as the liner in
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1224:, seals, gaskets, bushings, and more applications with sliding action of parts, where it outperforms
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3494:
Park, Junghyun; Rittiphairoj, Thanitsara; Wang, Xue; E, Jian-Yu; Bicket, Amanda K. (13 March 2023).
3146:
1527:, sheets of PTFE are used as measuring heads in spectroradiometers and broadband radiometers (e.g.,
1443:
It is used widely as a fabric protector to repel stains on formal school-wear, like uniform blazers.
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because its low friction allows the extruder stepper motor to push filament through it more easily.
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range, and levels are higher in chemical plant employees and surrounding subpopulations. PFOA and
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2742:
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2584:
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2010:
1881:
1741:
1156:
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949:
853:, at higher temperatures such metals as aluminium and magnesium, and fluorinating agents such as
724:
643:
589:
576:
Logo of Teflon, the commonly known brand name of PTFE-based compositions manufactured by Chemours
52:
2795:
1744:), although in humans those symptoms disappear within a day or two of being moved to fresh air.
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4341:. Raleigh, NC: North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality (NCDEQ). 15 February 2018.
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occurs at temperatures above 400 °C (752 °F). The main decomposition products are
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3224:
Handbook of Vinyl Polymers: Radical Polymerization, Process, and Technology, Second Edition
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2657:
R. J. Hunadi; K. Baum (1982). "Tetrafluoroethylene: A Convenient Laboratory Preparation".
2398:
1722:
1644:
1637:
1335:
PTFE is often found in musical instrument lubrication products; most commonly, valve oil.
1296:
1177:
760:
581:
552:
125:
103:
Fluon, Poly(tetrafluoroethene), Poly(difluoromethylene), Poly(tetrafluoroethylene), teflon
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2832:
2714:
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PTFE, associated with a slightly textured laminate, makes the plain bearing system of a
516:
PTFE and chemicals used in its production are some of the best-known and widely applied
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153:
69:
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4558:
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4129:
4105:"PFOA and Cancer in a Highly Exposed Community: New Findings from the C8 Science Panel"
4104:
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to reduce friction of the mouse against the mouse pad, resulting in a smoother glide.
1623:
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1213:
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36:
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2172:
1974:, PTFE as a thermoplastic lining for dual laminate chemical process plant equipment
1876:
1710:
1630:
1312:
1266:
1201:
850:
680:
653:
597:
556:
Advertisement for Zepel, the trade name used to market Teflon as a fabric treatment
501:
for pans and other cookware. It is non-reactive, partly because of the strength of
459:
3018:"Effect of ultraviolet radiation on polytetrafluoroethylene: Morphology influence"
4273:
3455:
3222:
2257:
1944:
The Teflon trade name is also used for other polymers with similar compositions:
1034:, due to its chemical inertness. Therefore, it has no "memory" and is subject to
5816:
5788:
5723:
5643:
5442:
5323:
5318:
5103:
4994:
4953:
4878:
4848:
4231:"What is the difference between PFOA, PFOS and GenX and other replacement PFAS?"
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3096:
Expanded PTFE Applications Handbook: Technology, Manufacturing and Applications
642:(combining "Tef" from "Teflon" and "al" from aluminium). In the United States,
544:
403:
5892:
5520:
5510:
5374:
4676:
4588:
4077:"Toxic Secrets: Professor 'bragged about burying bad science' on 3M chemicals"
2954:
2893:
2840:
2722:
1857:
1853:
1834:
1779:
1551:
1535:
1524:
1506:
1361:
1169:
791:
671:
of the surface to increase the energy and improve adhesion has been reported.
164:
4205:"Evaluation of substances used in the GenX technology by Chemours, Dordrecht"
3889:
3519:
2730:
2497:
1936:
Teflon is also used as the trade name for a polymer with similar properties,
1572:, which will dissolve glass containers. It is used in containers for storing
5981:
5887:
5857:
5727:
5288:
5273:
5248:
4999:
3857:. National Center for Biotechnology Information National Library of Medicine
3580:
3172:"Polytetrafluoroethylene - Introduction, Production, Applications, and FAQs"
2488:
Carlson, D. Peter and Schmiegel, Walter (2000) "Fluoropolymers, Organic" in
1841:
of PTFE, although several manufacturers have entirely discontinued its use.
1769:
1706:
1577:
1483:
1479:
1447:
1197:
1082:
1067:
1031:
862:
795:
615:
as a material to coat valves and seals in the pipes holding highly reactive
560:
528:(PFOA, or C8) during production of PTFE, later discontinuing its use due to
506:
4467:
4291:
4181:
4138:
3707:
3680:
3537:
3034:
10.1002/(SICI)1099-1581(199605)7:5/6<493::AID-PAT536>3.0.CO;2-D
2901:
2738:
2626:
2580:
2467:
1932:
1352:
3897:
3288:
3197:
2391:
1446:
It is frequently used as a lubricant to prevent captive insects and other
5902:
5108:
5087:
4623:
4120:
3776:
Proceedings of the American Industrial Hygiene Association Annual Meeting
2670:
1998:
1917:
1605:
1539:
1491:
1475:
1272:
1245:
510:
491:
471:
402:
395:
388:
381:
354:
48:
4568:
1212:
In industrial applications, owing to its low friction, PTFE is used for
584:
while he was working in Chemours Chambers Works plant in New Jersey for
572:
6030:
5907:
5879:
5808:
5710:
5432:
5202:
4598:
4394:
1971:
1891:
Overall, PTFE cookware is considered a minor exposure pathway to PFOA.
1816:
1787:
1748:
1598:
1561:
1499:
1123: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
842:
811:
479:
322:
302:
2458:
580:
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was accidentally discovered in 1938 by
5084:(incl. The Playhouse on Rodney Square, formerly the DuPont Playhouse)
5054:
4653:
4638:
4613:
4608:
4583:
4530:
4459:
3605:
3567:
10.1002/1521-4087(200211)27:5<262::AID-PREP262>3.0.CO;2-8
2699:"PTFE-coated non-stick cookware and toxicity concerns: a perspective"
1872:
1647:
due to its non-stick properties and resistance to non-polar solvents.
1608:
1311:. Some notable structures featuring PTFE-tensioned membranes include
1253:
810:(PFOS). More recently, Perfluoro 3,6 dioxaoctanoic acid (PFO2OA) and
603:
By 1948, DuPont, which founded Kinetic Chemicals in partnership with
585:
467:
416:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
3047:
2545:
Pierozan, Paula; Cattani, Daiane; Karlsson, Oskar (February 2022).
208:
4689:
4666:
4658:
4648:
4633:
4628:
4618:
4593:
3650:"Industrial Air Permits - New Clean Air Regulations And Baghouses"
2876:
2333:"Go, spot, go Teflon enters fashion world as a protective coating"
1931:
1420:
1351:
1229:
1150:
1015:
821:
639:
571:
559:
551:
548:
Advertisement of the Happy Pan, a Teflon-coated pan from the 1960s
543:
144:
2412:"Corona Discharge Treatment - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics"
1618:
Many bicycle lubricants and greases contain PTFE and are used on
389:
5268:
4603:
4490:
Plasma Processes and Adhesive Bonding of Polytetrafluoroethylene
4208:
3750:"Fluoropolymer PTFE coating services from Surface Technology UK"
2175:, "Tetrafluoroethylene polymers", issued 4 February 1941
1993:
1900:
1733:
1612:
1487:
1292:
1217:
620:
533:
199:
5682:
5175:
4503:
3016:
Ferry, Laurent; Gérard, Vigier; Bessede, Jean Luc (June 1996).
2766:(4, Revised ed.). Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 50.
1622:
and other moving parts subjected to frictional forces (such as
1006:(BAM) being the first, with a coefficient of friction of 0.02;
3915:"Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA), Teflon, and Related Chemicals"
3227:(2nd, illustrated, revised ed.). CRC Press. p. 574.
2788:"Reference Tables – Thermal Expansion Coefficients – Plastics"
1590:
in plumbing applications, largely replacing paste thread dope.
1378:
1092:
4495:
PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) (Properties) | Fluorotherm.com
3387:
Fers à repasser semelle teflon - Fiche pratique - Le Parisien
1344:
might otherwise form an abrasive paste. Brands include GT85.
1026:
that alter the surface to allow adhesion to other materials.
4424:, Parker-TexLoc, 13 April 2006. Retrieved 10 September 2006.
4207:. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (
3816:"Key Safety Questions about the Safety of Nonstick Cookware"
3426:"Advantages and Disadvantages of Teflon-coated Covert Cloth"
1371:
The sole plates of some clothes irons are coated with PTFE.
245:
5171:
3665:"Using Plumber's Teflon Tape to Enhance Bonding Procedures"
1675:
PTFE is commonly used in aftermarket add-on mouse feet for
1463:
Expanded PTFE membranes have been used in trials to assist
3198:"Roy J. Plunkett and the Discovery of Teflon | SciHi Blog"
2925:. MatWeb Material Property Data. Retrieved 1 January 2007.
4499:
1404:
any relevant information into other sections or articles.
745:
723:
Because tetrafluoroethylene can explosively decompose to
366:
1990:, documentary on PFOA's health and environmental effects
1888:(high cholesterol), and pregnancy-induced hypertension.
1833:
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, or C8) has been used as a
1611:
in peripheral vascular disease if a suitable autologous
865:
occurs at temperatures above 400 °C (752 °F).
652:
In the 1990s, it was found that PTFE could be radiation
600:) in 1941, and registered the Teflon trademark in 1945.
490:
of fluorine. PTFE has one of the lowest coefficients of
656:
above its melting point in an oxygen-free environment.
434:
3970:
National Service Center for Environmental Publications
1494:, and release large amounts of heat. They are used in
1049:(UV) transparent polymer. However, when exposed to an
733:
3790:"Key Safety Questions About Teflon Nonstick Coatings"
1244:
makes it an ideal material for fabricating long-life
1077:
Some PTFE parts are made by cold-moulding, a form of
814:(GenX) are being used as an alternative surfactants.
59:, which originally discovered the compound in 1938.
3483:. American Academy of Orthotists & Prosthetists.
1360:
PTFE is best known for its use in coating non-stick
588:. A team of Dupont chemists attempted to make a new
6001:
5964:
5921:
5878:
5840:
5807:
5776:
5722:
5671:
5616:
5561:
5554:
5466:
5425:
5382:
5209:
5096:
4977:
4726:
4698:
4675:
4576:
4537:
2981:"Using Belleville Springs To Maintain Bolt Preload"
2352:
2350:
1425:
PTFE tapes with pressure-sensitive adhesive backing
1014:means that it is the only known surface to which a
1010:being second-lowest at 0.05). PTFE's resistance to
3940:"The truth about teflon: are non-stick pans safe?"
3851:"Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) : 833"
3389:. Pratique.leparisien.fr. Retrieved on 2016-11-17.
1486:. Upon ignition, these mixtures form carbonaceous
751:
3048:"Cowie Technology – PTFE: High Thermal Stability"
2923:Coefficient of Friction (COF) Testing of Plastics
2697:Sajid, Muhammad; Ilyas, Muhammad (October 2017).
665:allows it to be more easily reground and reused.
4025:"The Lawyer Who Became Dupont's Worst Nightmare"
3629:"The World's Strongest Acids: Like Fire and Ice"
478:: neither water nor water-containing substances
4307:"New Teflon Toxin Causes Cancer in Lab Animals"
3878:American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal
2606:"Fluoroplastic Comparison - Typical Properties"
2240:American Heritage of Invention & Technology
1869:a class-action lawsuit and community settlement
1053:beam it severely degrades due to heterogeneous
884:114.85 °C (238.73 °F; 388.00 K)
370:
124:
3606:"Interview with an inventor of the KTW bullet"
3216:
3214:
3166:
3164:
2490:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
2192:"History Timeline 1930: The Fluorocarbon Boom"
1437:as a non-mechanical AFD (anti-friction device)
5694:
5187:
4515:
4203:Beekman, M.; et al. (12 December 2016).
3974:United States Environmental Protection Agency
3725:(Revised ed.). Quick American Archives.
3496:"Device-modified trabeculectomy for glaucoma"
2401:E-BEAM Services website. Accessed 21 May 2013
2262:. New York: Simon and Schuster. p. 494.
1180:, making it suitable for use as an excellent
19:"Teflon" redirects here. For other uses, see
8:
2703:Environmental Science and Pollution Research
802:Surfactants in the past have included toxic
3500:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2600:
2598:
2321:, Retrieved 21 December 1986 (Subscription)
1560:are coated with PTFE to reduce wear on the
1368:and possesses fairly high heat resistance.
5701:
5687:
5679:
5558:
5194:
5180:
5172:
4522:
4508:
4500:
3744:
3742:
3363:"GT85 General Lubricant with PTFE - 400ml"
2313:Teflon Maker: Out of Frying Pan into Fame
1811:can both be generated when PTFE undergoes
1643:PTFE sheets are used in the production of
1509:. Aluminium and PTFE is also used in some
1070:such as perfluoro (propylvinyl ether) and
834:and possesses fairly high heat resistance.
482:PTFE, as fluorocarbons exhibit only small
260:
190:
61:
4281:
4128:
3909:
3907:
3527:
2875:
2570:
2516:. William Andrew. 2013. pp. 91–124.
2457:
2088:"poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (CHEBI:53251)"
1982:, a film about litigation related to PFOA
1668:PTFE tubing is used for Bowden tubing in
1139:Learn how and when to remove this message
786:The resulting polymer is terminated with
744:
739:
734:
732:
227:
1791:longer being made in the United States.
1204:commonly used in low-cost applications.
867:
5118:NASCAR Cup Series career of Jeff Gordon
3845:
3843:
3841:
3839:
3837:
2640:"Chemours Teflon™ Coating Applications"
2510:"Manufacturing Polytetrafluoroethylene"
2051:
2032:
1905:As a result of the lawsuits concerning
256:
5284:Polyethylene terephthalate (PET, PETE)
4381:"Chemours Consent Order | NC DEQ"
3663:Brown, DDS, Dennis E. (January 2002).
3402:. Infinity Motorcycles. Archived from
2820:International Journal of Thermophysics
2063:"The History of Teflon Fluoropolymers"
1782:for people who are exposed to it (see
181:
5224:Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX, XLPE)
5219:Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)
5050:Winterthur Museum, Garden and Library
3976:. March 2014. p. 1. 505-F-14-001
3554:Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics
3221:Mishra, Munmaya; Yagci, Yusuf (208).
3120:
3118:
3116:
3093:Sina Ebnesajjad (21 September 2016).
2944:, 2007-10-14. Retrieved 8 April 2010.
2692:
2690:
2688:
2311:Robbins, William (21 December 1986) "
1920:, a corporate spin-off of DuPont, in
1692:PTFE is commonly used for the tip of
497:Polytetrafluoroethylene is used as a
152:
7:
6036:List of environmental health hazards
5956:List of environmental health hazards
5156:
3400:"A Motorcyclist's Guide To Gore-Tex"
3252:"Teflon Machining & Fabrication"
2057:
2055:
1696:due to its high melting temperature.
1661:PTFE has been experimented with for
1121:adding citations to reliable sources
4395:"PFAS | Cape Fear River Watch"
4353:"Toxin taints CFPUA drinking water"
2297:. home.nycap.rr.com. Archived from
1636:PTFE can also be used when placing
207:
5841:Miscellaneous additives incl. PHCs
4023:RIch, Nathaniel (6 January 2016).
3099:. William Andrew. pp. 31–32.
3022:Polymers for Advanced Technologies
2522:10.1016/B978-1-4557-7442-5.00007-3
2243:, Fall 2010, vol. 25, no. 3, p. 42
1916:The chemicals are manufactured by
1880:kidney cancer, testicular cancer,
1604:PTFE grafts can be used to bypass
1429:Other niche applications include:
14:
5125:The DuPont Show with June Allyson
4332:"GenX Frequently Asked Questions"
4109:Environmental Health Perspectives
3721:Rosenthal, Ed (21 October 2014).
1864:, water, food and PTFE cookware.
1395:list of miscellaneous information
958:Dielectric constant (60 Hz)
95:Poly(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethylene)
5373:
5367:
5259:Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT)
5234:Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)
5155:
5146:
5145:
4567:
4174:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2008.01017.x
4075:Fellner, Carrie (16 June 2018).
3627:Pomeroy, Ross (24 August 2013).
3149:. Poly Fouoro Ltd. 26 April 2011
2551:Science of the Total Environment
2392:Electron Beam Processing of PTFE
1783:
1383:
1097:
424:
77:
68:
5239:Poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA)
5114:Hendrick Motorsports Car No. 24
4305:Lerner, Sharon (3 March 2016).
2627:Teflon PTFE Properties Handbook
2572:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151945
2331:Fenton, Lois (2 January 1992).
2007:, pyrolant thermite composition
1629:PTFE is used for some types of
1155:PTFE-jacketed (white) shielded
1108:needs additional citations for
566:Long Duration Exposure Facility
420:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
5602:Category:Plastics applications
5349:Styrene maleic anhydride (SMA)
5344:Polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC)
5329:Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
3512:10.1002/14651858.CD010472.pub3
3307:"Sydney Football Stadium Roof"
3126:"Polyflon PTFE Molding Powder"
2514:Introduction to Fluoropolymers
1955:Fluorinated ethylene propylene
767:to generate sulfate radicals:
1:
5309:Poly(p-phenylene oxide) (PPO)
3460:Deltacoatingsandliningsbr.com
3196:Sack, Harald (26 June 2022).
2259:The Making of the Atomic Bomb
2039:Dielectric. Bulk resistivity.
1938:perfluoroalkoxy polymer resin
1907:the PFOA class-action lawsuit
1478:with powdered metals such as
1364:and other cookware, as it is
1303:Tensioned membrane structures
1172:properties, specifically low
522:persistent organic pollutants
466:polymer consisting wholly of
458:Polytetrafluoroethylene is a
6026:Persistent organic pollutant
5987:Toxic Substances Control Act
5946:Persistent organic pollutant
5229:Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)
4274:10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.06.001
3652:. Baghouse.com. 28 May 2012.
2936:Research into Gecko Adhesion
2629:. Retrieved 11 October 2012.
2379:10.1016/0969-806X(94)90226-7
1922:Fayetteville, North Carolina
1850:perfluorooctanesulfonic acid
1809:sodium chlorodifluoroacetate
1490:and the corresponding metal
1277:Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome
1163:Wire insulation, electronics
808:perfluorooctanesulfonic acid
6019:Great Pacific garbage patch
5941:Great Pacific garbage patch
5354:Styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN)
5269:Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)
4784:Anthony Joseph Arduengo III
4713:DuPont Experimental Station
3147:"Unraveling Polymers: PTFE"
2760:Nicholson, John W. (2011).
2450:10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00458
1546:(PTFE sheet) radiates like
1024:surface treatments for PTFE
826:PTFE is often used to coat
524:. For decades, DuPont used
6156:
5982:Japan Toxic Substances Law
5777:Miscellaneous plasticizers
5071:DuPont v. Kolon Industries
5060:Consolidation Coal Company
4409:"Consent Order Compliance"
4235:PFOA, PFOS and Other PFASs
1898:
1826:
1663:electroless nickel plating
1467:surgery to treat glaucoma.
1004:aluminium magnesium boride
669:Corona discharge treatment
611:. An early use was in the
609:Parkersburg, West Virginia
18:
6056:
5977:European REACH regulation
5972:California Proposition 65
5715:polyhalogenated compounds
5592:High-performance plastics
5417:High-performance plastics
5365:
5141:
5015:Hagley Museum and Library
4995:Atlas Chemical Industries
4934:Howard Ensign Simmons Jr.
4789:Jacques Antoine Bidermann
4565:
4082:The Sydney Morning Herald
3073:"Free Flow Granular PTFE"
2894:10.1016/j.jmr.2014.02.005
2841:10.1007/s10765-008-0512-z
2763:The Chemistry of Polymers
2723:10.1007/s11356-017-0095-y
2147:Science History Institute
2021:Surface treatment of PTFE
1807:and the similar compound
1586:PTFE is widely used as a
1470:Powdered PTFE is used in
1174:group velocity dispersion
414:
348:
272:
108:
100:
90:
85:
76:
67:
5402:Fibre-reinforced plastic
5339:Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
5132:DuPont Show of the Month
4734:Éleuthère Irénée du Pont
4237:. EPA. 18 February 2018.
3944:Better Homes and Gardens
3890:10.1080/0002889738506828
3855:pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
3818:. DuPont. Archived from
3792:. DuPont. Archived from
2498:10.1002/14356007.a11_393
2397:6 September 2013 at the
2016:Superhydrophobic coating
1472:pyrotechnic compositions
1392:This section contains a
1240:Its extremely high bulk
752:{\textstyle {\ce {CF4}}}
658:Electron beam processing
484:London dispersion forces
63:Polytetrafluoroethylene
5453:Biodegradable additives
5020:Hercules Powder Company
4708:DuPont Central Research
4422:FEP Detailed Properties
2492:, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.
1839:emulsion polymerization
1805:Sodium trifluoroacetate
1615:graft is not available.
1595:dust collection systems
1325:Sydney Football Stadium
1287:Chemically inert liners
1000:coefficient of friction
987:Magnetic susceptibility
930:Coefficient of friction
488:electric polarizability
462:solid, as it is a high-
29:Polytetrafluoroethylene
21:Teflon (disambiguation)
5868:Perfluorooctanoic acid
5304:Polyphenyl ether (PPE)
5299:Polyoxymethylene (POM)
5244:Polyacrylic acid (PAA)
4779:Jeffery Stanford Agate
4754:Francis Irénée du Pont
4749:Francis Gurney du Pont
4367:"Str_Error_Page_Title"
3481:"Film Interface Patch"
3080:Inoflon Fluoropolymers
2005:Magnesium/Teflon/Viton
1949:Perfluoroalkoxy alkane
1941:
1862:microwave popcorn bags
1829:Perfluorooctanoic acid
1776:Perfluorooctanoic acid
1426:
1357:
1194:printed circuit boards
1159:
1085:) into a single mass.
835:
804:perfluorooctanoic acid
753:
690:. The net equation is
577:
569:
557:
549:
526:perfluorooctanoic acid
377:
330:Electrical resistivity
6123:Pyrotechnic oxidizers
6048:Biodegradable plastic
5397:Thermosetting polymer
5294:Polylactic acid (PLA)
4899:William Dale Phillips
3430:The Cutter and Tailor
2792:engineershandbook.com
2416:www.sciencedirect.com
1935:
1558:Teflon-coated bullets
1496:infrared decoy flares
1433:It is often found in
1424:
1356:Two molded PTFE jars.
1355:
1321:Metropolitano Stadium
1317:Moses Mabhida Stadium
1176:, especially at high
1154:
1089:Applications and uses
847:carbon-fluorine bonds
825:
790:groups, which can be
754:
638:under the brand name
575:
563:
555:
547:
503:carbon–fluorine bonds
376:
6059:Identification codes
5659:Foam food containers
5582:Engineering plastics
4964:Edgar S. Woolard Jr.
4397:. 20 September 2019.
4121:10.1289/ehp.121-A340
3275:Mishra & Yagci,
2959:Gasket Resources Inc
2671:10.1055/s-1982-29830
2644:plastechcoatings.com
2301:on 14 February 2008.
2214:"Roy Plunkett: 1938"
1886:hypercholesterolemia
1574:fluoroantimonic acid
1548:Lambert's cosine law
1117:improve this article
1012:van der Waals forces
859:cobalt(III) fluoride
731:
679:PTFE is produced by
628:Oak Ridge, Tennessee
617:uranium hexafluoride
359:(fire diamond)
340:Thermal conductivity
6133:Engineering plastic
6078:American inventions
5898:Endocrine disruptor
5496:Compression molding
5448:Polymer stabilizers
5040:Savannah River Site
4894:Charles J. Pedersen
4864:Edward G. Jefferson
4854:Charles O. Holliday
4690:Antec International
4554:Alexander M. Cutler
4452:2001Natur.412..321E
4266:2015ToxR....2..939C
4166:2008RiskA..28..251T
4103:Nicole, W. (2013).
3696:Operative Dentistry
3610:NRAction Newsletter
3367:Baysidemarine.co.uk
3240:Extract of page 574
2886:2014JMagR.242..233W
2833:2010IJT....31.1919B
2715:2017ESPR...2423436S
2709:(30): 23436–23440.
2616:on 3 February 2016.
2563:2022ScTEn.80851945P
2371:1994RaPC...44..655S
2295:Useless Information
2220:on 17 February 2012
1884:, thyroid disease,
1719:tetrafluoroethylene
1652:Dobsonian telescope
1458:ankle-foot orthosis
1331:Musical instruments
1327:Roof in Australia.
1157:twisted-pair cables
1079:compression molding
1072:hexafluoropropylene
1055:photothermal effect
1008:diamond-like carbon
976:Dielectric strength
940:Dielectric constant
900:Thermal diffusivity
747:
688:tetrafluoroethylene
594:tetrafluoroethylene
64:
41:tetrafluoroethylene
5913:Polymer fume fever
5572:Commodity plastics
5546:Rotational molding
5516:Fiberglass molding
5476:Injection moulding
5458:Filler (materials)
5407:Corrugated plastic
5359:Tritan copolyester
5314:Polypropylene (PP)
5264:Polycarbonate (PC)
4985:DuPont (1802–2017)
4969:Nathaniel C. Wyeth
4949:Chadwick A. Tolman
4944:Frederick N. Tebbe
4924:Richard R. Schrock
4844:Richard Goodmanson
4829:Curtis J. Crawford
4824:Thomas M. Connelly
4774:T. Coleman du Pont
4339:GenX Investigation
4254:Toxicology Reports
4211:, The Netherlands)
4029:The New York Times
3754:Surface Technology
3036:– via Wiley.
2359:Radiat. Phys. Chem
2011:Polymer adsorption
1942:
1882:ulcerative colitis
1742:polymer fume fever
1599:particulate matter
1513:fuel compositions.
1427:
1358:
1309:tensile structures
1160:
1040:Belleville washers
894:112–125×10 K
836:
749:
735:
725:tetrafluoromethane
644:Marion A. Trozzolo
624:uranium enrichment
590:chlorofluorocarbon
578:
570:
558:
550:
447:Infobox references
378:
344:0.25 W/(m·K)
62:
6128:Roofing materials
6065:
6064:
6043:Plastic recycling
6009:Plastic pollution
5995:
5994:
5929:Plastic pollution
5709:Health issues of
5667:
5666:
5563:Plastics industry
5481:Plastic extrusion
5334:Polyurethane (PU)
5324:Polysulfone (PES)
5279:Polyethylene (PE)
5254:Polybutylene (PB)
5169:
5168:
5025:Kinetic Chemicals
5010:Eleutherian Mills
5004:Manhattan Project
4919:Irving S. Shapiro
4914:William K. Reilly
4814:Wallace Carothers
4769:Pierre S. du Pont
4739:Alfred I. du Pont
4446:(6844): 321–324.
3675:(1): 76–8, 80–1.
3343:on 3 October 2018
3333:"What is MicPol?"
3234:978-0-8247-2595-2
3135:. 16 August 2017.
3106:978-1-4377-7856-4
3082:. 16 August 2017.
2979:Davet, George P.
2798:on 3 January 2012
2143:"Roy J. Plunkett"
2001:waterproof fabric
1987:The Devil We Know
1846:parts per billion
1738:flu-like symptoms
1694:desoldering pumps
1570:hydrofluoric acid
1504:solid-fuel rocket
1419:
1418:
1323:in Spain and the
1319:in South Africa,
1254:permanent magnets
1178:radio frequencies
1149:
1148:
1141:
996:
995:
989:(SI, 22 °C)
890:Thermal expansion
880:Glass temperature
738:
613:Manhattan Project
592:refrigerant, the
499:non-stick coating
455:Chemical compound
453:
452:
241:CompTox Dashboard
35:) is a synthetic
16:Synthetic polymer
6145:
5934:Rubber pollution
5784:Organophosphates
5703:
5696:
5689:
5680:
5559:
5531:Filament winding
5506:Transfer molding
5433:Polymer additive
5377:
5371:
5319:Polystyrene (PS)
5196:
5189:
5182:
5173:
5159:
5158:
5149:
5148:
5045:Wilmington Trust
4874:Stephanie Kwolek
4869:Ellen J. Kullman
4809:Richard H. Brown
4571:
4524:
4517:
4510:
4501:
4479:
4460:10.1038/35085548
4425:
4419:
4413:
4412:
4405:
4399:
4398:
4391:
4385:
4384:
4377:
4371:
4370:
4363:
4357:
4356:
4349:
4343:
4342:
4336:
4328:
4322:
4321:
4319:
4317:
4302:
4296:
4295:
4285:
4245:
4239:
4238:
4227:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4216:
4200:
4194:
4193:
4149:
4143:
4142:
4132:
4100:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4089:
4072:
4066:
4065:
4063:
4061:
4046:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4020:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4009:
4000:
3996:"PFAs Factsheet"
3992:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3962:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3951:
3946:. 2 October 2019
3936:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3911:
3902:
3901:
3873:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3847:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3812:
3806:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3786:
3780:
3779:
3771:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3760:
3746:
3737:
3736:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3691:
3685:
3684:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3602:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3577:
3571:
3570:
3548:
3542:
3541:
3531:
3491:
3485:
3484:
3477:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3452:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3432:. Archived from
3422:
3416:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3396:
3390:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3339:. Archived from
3337:Interflonusa.com
3329:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3313:. 16 August 2022
3311:MakMax Australia
3303:
3297:
3296:
3293:MakMax Australia
3285:
3279:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3248:
3242:
3238:
3218:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3168:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3130:
3122:
3111:
3110:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3077:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3028:(5–6): 493–500.
3013:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2996:
2990:. Archived from
2985:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2951:
2945:
2932:
2926:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2879:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2794:. Archived from
2784:
2778:
2777:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2694:
2683:
2682:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2636:
2630:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2612:. Archived from
2602:
2593:
2592:
2574:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2506:
2500:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2461:
2444:(3): 1763–1805.
2438:Chemical Reviews
2433:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2408:
2402:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2354:
2345:
2344:
2343:on 20 June 2021.
2339:. Archived from
2328:
2322:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2250:
2244:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2216:. Archived from
2210:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2119:. Archived from
2109:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2059:
2040:
2037:
1928:Similar polymers
1800:Trifluoroacetate
1755:(except refined
1736:, and can cause
1588:thread seal tape
1414:
1411:
1405:
1387:
1386:
1379:
1297:expansion joints
1144:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1124:
1101:
1093:
1066:small amount of
970:
963:
953:
946:
904:0.124 mm/s
868:
855:xenon difluoride
782:
781:
780:
758:
756:
755:
750:
748:
746:
743:
736:
536:, another PFAS.
464:molecular-weight
437:
431:
428:
427:
405:
398:
391:
384:
369:
310:
280:Chemical formula
265:
264:
249:
247:
231:
211:
194:
183:
156:
128:
81:
72:
65:
6155:
6154:
6148:
6147:
6146:
6144:
6143:
6142:
6138:1938 in science
6103:DuPont products
6068:
6067:
6066:
6061:
6052:
5997:
5996:
5991:
5960:
5917:
5874:
5836:
5803:
5772:
5718:
5707:
5673:
5663:
5612:
5550:
5536:Solvent bonding
5526:Plastic welding
5468:
5462:
5421:
5384:
5378:
5372:
5363:
5274:Polyester (PEs)
5211:
5205:
5200:
5170:
5165:
5137:
5092:
5082:DuPont Building
5065:DuPont analysis
4973:
4959:Charles M. Vest
4904:Roy J. Plunkett
4889:George Parshall
4884:Rudolph Pariser
4804:Donaldson Brown
4722:
4718:DuPont Building
4700:
4694:
4680:
4671:
4572:
4563:
4549:Edward D. Breen
4539:
4533:
4528:
4486:
4436:
4433:
4431:Further reading
4428:
4420:
4416:
4407:
4406:
4402:
4393:
4392:
4388:
4379:
4378:
4374:
4365:
4364:
4360:
4351:
4350:
4346:
4334:
4330:
4329:
4325:
4315:
4313:
4304:
4303:
4299:
4247:
4246:
4242:
4229:
4228:
4224:
4214:
4212:
4202:
4201:
4197:
4151:
4150:
4146:
4115:(11–12): A340.
4102:
4101:
4097:
4087:
4085:
4074:
4073:
4069:
4059:
4057:
4049:Blake, Mariah.
4048:
4047:
4043:
4033:
4031:
4022:
4021:
4017:
4007:
4005:
3998:
3994:
3993:
3989:
3979:
3977:
3964:
3963:
3959:
3949:
3947:
3938:
3937:
3933:
3923:
3921:
3913:
3912:
3905:
3875:
3874:
3870:
3860:
3858:
3849:
3848:
3835:
3825:
3823:
3814:
3813:
3809:
3799:
3797:
3788:
3787:
3783:
3773:
3772:
3768:
3758:
3756:
3748:
3747:
3740:
3733:
3720:
3719:
3715:
3693:
3692:
3688:
3669:Dentistry Today
3662:
3661:
3657:
3648:
3647:
3643:
3633:
3631:
3626:
3625:
3621:
3604:
3603:
3599:
3589:
3587:
3579:
3578:
3574:
3550:
3549:
3545:
3506:(3): CD010472.
3493:
3492:
3488:
3479:
3478:
3474:
3464:
3462:
3454:
3453:
3449:
3439:
3437:
3424:
3423:
3419:
3409:
3407:
3398:
3397:
3393:
3385:
3381:
3371:
3369:
3361:
3360:
3356:
3346:
3344:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3316:
3314:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3274:
3270:
3260:
3258:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3235:
3220:
3219:
3212:
3202:
3200:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3180:
3178:
3170:
3169:
3162:
3152:
3150:
3145:
3144:
3140:
3133:Daikin Chemical
3128:
3124:
3123:
3114:
3107:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3075:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3056:
3054:
3046:
3045:
3041:
3015:
3014:
3010:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2983:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2963:
2961:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2933:
2929:
2921:
2917:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2801:
2799:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2774:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2696:
2695:
2686:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2625:
2621:
2604:
2603:
2596:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2532:
2508:
2507:
2503:
2487:
2483:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2420:
2418:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2399:Wayback Machine
2390:
2386:
2356:
2355:
2348:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2310:
2306:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2254:Rhodes, Richard
2252:
2251:
2247:
2237:
2233:
2223:
2221:
2212:
2211:
2207:
2197:
2195:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2178:
2173:Plunkett, Roy J
2167:
2166:
2162:
2152:
2150:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2126:
2124:
2123:on 16 July 2014
2111:
2110:
2106:
2096:
2094:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2071:
2069:
2061:
2060:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2034:
2029:
1968:
1930:
1903:
1897:
1877:epidemiologists
1867:As a result of
1831:
1825:
1802:
1797:
1763:oils) start to
1723:difluorocarbene
1703:
1645:butane hash oil
1638:dental fillings
1415:
1409:
1406:
1399:
1388:
1384:
1377:
1350:
1341:
1333:
1305:
1289:
1262:
1238:
1210:
1188:assemblies and
1165:
1145:
1134:
1128:
1125:
1114:
1102:
1091:
1063:
965:
961:
948:
944:
910:Young's modulus
820:
779:
776:
775:
774:
772:
729:
728:
718:
712:
708:
704:
700:
677:
582:Roy J. Plunkett
542:
486:due to the low
456:
449:
444:
443:
442: ?)
433:
429:
425:
421:
410:
409:
408:
407:
400:
393:
386:
379:
375:
367:
308:
296:
292:
288:
282:
268:
250:
243:
234:
214:
175:
159:
131:
118:
104:
96:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6153:
6152:
6149:
6141:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6118:Thermoplastics
6115:
6113:Fluoropolymers
6110:
6105:
6100:
6095:
6093:Dry lubricants
6090:
6085:
6080:
6070:
6069:
6063:
6062:
6057:
6054:
6053:
6051:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6039:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6022:
6021:
6005:
6003:
5999:
5998:
5993:
5992:
5990:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5968:
5966:
5962:
5961:
5959:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5937:
5936:
5925:
5923:
5919:
5918:
5916:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5884:
5882:
5876:
5875:
5873:
5872:
5871:
5870:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5844:
5842:
5838:
5837:
5835:
5834:
5827:Vinyl chloride
5824:
5821:Polycarbonates
5813:
5811:
5805:
5804:
5802:
5801:
5795:
5786:
5780:
5778:
5774:
5773:
5771:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5754:
5749:
5743:
5738:
5732:
5730:
5720:
5719:
5708:
5706:
5705:
5698:
5691:
5683:
5677:
5675:
5669:
5668:
5665:
5664:
5662:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5634:Packaging film
5631:
5626:
5620:
5618:
5617:Specific goods
5614:
5613:
5611:
5610:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5568:
5566:
5556:
5552:
5551:
5549:
5548:
5543:
5541:Vacuum forming
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5472:
5470:
5464:
5463:
5461:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5429:
5427:
5423:
5422:
5420:
5419:
5414:
5412:Polymeric foam
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5388:
5386:
5380:
5379:
5366:
5364:
5362:
5361:
5356:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5291:
5289:Polyimide (PI)
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5249:Polyamide (PA)
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5215:
5213:
5207:
5206:
5201:
5199:
5198:
5191:
5184:
5176:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5163:
5153:
5142:
5139:
5138:
5136:
5135:
5128:
5121:
5111:
5106:
5100:
5098:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5090:
5085:
5079:
5077:Du Pont Motors
5074:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5035:Remington Arms
5032:
5030:Nemours Estate
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
4997:
4992:
4990:Du Pont family
4987:
4981:
4979:
4975:
4974:
4972:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4929:Joseph Shivers
4926:
4921:
4916:
4911:
4909:John J. Raskob
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4834:John T. Dillon
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4799:Norman Borlaug
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4764:Lammot du Pont
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4744:Eugene du Pont
4741:
4736:
4730:
4728:
4727:Notable people
4724:
4723:
4721:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4704:
4702:
4699:Divisions and
4696:
4695:
4693:
4692:
4686:
4684:
4682:joint ventures
4673:
4672:
4670:
4669:
4664:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4580:
4578:
4574:
4573:
4566:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4559:Rajiv L. Gupta
4556:
4551:
4545:
4543:
4535:
4534:
4529:
4527:
4526:
4519:
4512:
4504:
4498:
4497:
4492:
4485:
4484:External links
4482:
4481:
4480:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4426:
4414:
4400:
4386:
4372:
4358:
4344:
4323:
4297:
4240:
4222:
4195:
4144:
4095:
4067:
4041:
4015:
3987:
3957:
3931:
3919:www.cancer.org
3903:
3884:(4): 176–178.
3868:
3833:
3807:
3781:
3766:
3738:
3732:978-1936807239
3731:
3713:
3686:
3655:
3641:
3619:
3616:(5). May 1990.
3597:
3572:
3561:(5): 262–266.
3543:
3486:
3472:
3447:
3436:on 3 July 2015
3417:
3406:on 5 July 2015
3391:
3379:
3354:
3324:
3298:
3280:
3268:
3243:
3233:
3210:
3188:
3160:
3138:
3112:
3105:
3085:
3064:
3039:
3008:
2997:on 18 May 2014
2971:
2946:
2927:
2915:
2854:
2809:
2779:
2772:
2752:
2684:
2649:
2631:
2619:
2594:
2537:
2530:
2501:
2481:
2428:
2403:
2384:
2365:(6): 655–679.
2346:
2323:
2318:New York Times
2304:
2282:
2268:
2245:
2231:
2205:
2183:
2160:
2134:
2104:
2079:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1991:
1983:
1975:
1967:
1964:
1959:
1958:
1952:
1929:
1926:
1911:fluoropolymers
1899:Main article:
1896:
1893:
1827:Main article:
1824:
1821:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1659:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1627:
1616:
1602:
1591:
1584:
1581:
1565:
1555:
1521:
1518:twisty puzzles
1514:
1468:
1465:trabeculectomy
1461:
1454:
1451:
1450:from escaping.
1444:
1441:
1438:
1417:
1416:
1391:
1389:
1382:
1376:
1373:
1349:
1346:
1340:
1337:
1332:
1329:
1304:
1301:
1288:
1285:
1261:
1258:
1237:
1234:
1214:plain bearings
1209:
1208:Bearings seals
1206:
1164:
1161:
1147:
1146:
1105:
1103:
1096:
1090:
1087:
1062:
1059:
994:
993:
990:
983:
982:
979:
972:
971:
959:
955:
954:
942:
936:
935:
932:
926:
925:
922:
920:Yield strength
916:
915:
912:
906:
905:
902:
896:
895:
892:
886:
885:
882:
876:
875:
872:
828:non-stick pans
819:
816:
784:
783:
777:
742:
721:
720:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
684:polymerization
676:
673:
663:chain scission
636:non-stick pans
605:General Motors
541:
538:
494:of any solid.
454:
451:
450:
445:
423:
422:
418:standard state
415:
412:
411:
401:
394:
387:
380:
365:
364:
363:
362:
360:
351:
350:
346:
345:
342:
336:
335:
332:
326:
325:
319:
313:
312:
305:
299:
298:
294:
290:
286:
283:
278:
275:
274:
270:
269:
267:
266:
253:
251:
239:
236:
235:
233:
232:
224:
222:
216:
215:
213:
212:
204:
202:
196:
195:
185:
177:
176:
174:
173:
169:
167:
161:
160:
158:
157:
149:
147:
141:
140:
137:
136:Abbreviations
133:
132:
130:
129:
121:
119:
114:
111:
110:
106:
105:
102:
98:
97:
94:
88:
87:
83:
82:
74:
73:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6151:
6150:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6108:Fluorocarbons
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6075:
6073:
6060:
6055:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6020:
6017:
6016:
6015:
6014:Garbage patch
6012:
6011:
6010:
6007:
6006:
6004:
6000:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5969:
5967:
5963:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5935:
5932:
5931:
5930:
5927:
5926:
5924:
5920:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5885:
5883:
5881:
5880:Health issues
5877:
5869:
5866:
5865:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5845:
5843:
5839:
5832:
5828:
5825:
5822:
5818:
5815:
5814:
5812:
5810:
5806:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5781:
5779:
5775:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5733:
5731:
5729:
5725:
5721:
5716:
5712:
5704:
5699:
5697:
5692:
5690:
5685:
5684:
5681:
5676:
5670:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5654:Shopping bags
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5621:
5619:
5615:
5609:(Agriculture)
5608:
5607:Plasticulture
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5587:Geosynthetics
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5560:
5557:
5553:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5491:Thermoforming
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5473:
5471:
5465:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5430:
5428:
5424:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5392:Thermoplastic
5390:
5389:
5387:
5381:
5376:
5370:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5216:
5214:
5208:
5204:
5197:
5192:
5190:
5185:
5183:
5178:
5177:
5174:
5162:
5154:
5152:
5144:
5143:
5140:
5134:
5133:
5129:
5127:
5126:
5122:
5119:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5101:
5099:
5095:
5089:
5086:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5072:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5005:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4976:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4962:
4960:
4957:
4955:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4942:
4940:
4939:Charles Stine
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4910:
4907:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4794:Samuel Bodman
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4759:Henry du Pont
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4725:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4697:
4691:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4683:
4678:
4674:
4668:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4570:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4544:
4542:
4536:
4532:
4525:
4520:
4518:
4513:
4511:
4506:
4505:
4502:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4487:
4483:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4457:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4435:
4434:
4430:
4423:
4418:
4415:
4410:
4404:
4401:
4396:
4390:
4387:
4382:
4376:
4373:
4368:
4362:
4359:
4354:
4348:
4345:
4340:
4333:
4327:
4324:
4312:
4311:The Intercept
4308:
4301:
4298:
4293:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4259:
4255:
4251:
4244:
4241:
4236:
4232:
4226:
4223:
4210:
4206:
4199:
4196:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4160:(2): 251–69.
4159:
4155:
4148:
4145:
4140:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4099:
4096:
4084:
4083:
4078:
4071:
4068:
4056:
4052:
4045:
4042:
4030:
4026:
4019:
4016:
4004:
3997:
3991:
3988:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3961:
3958:
3945:
3941:
3935:
3932:
3920:
3916:
3910:
3908:
3904:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3872:
3869:
3856:
3852:
3846:
3844:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3834:
3822:on 2 May 2013
3821:
3817:
3811:
3808:
3796:on 2 May 2013
3795:
3791:
3785:
3782:
3777:
3770:
3767:
3755:
3751:
3745:
3743:
3739:
3734:
3728:
3724:
3717:
3714:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3690:
3687:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3666:
3659:
3656:
3651:
3645:
3642:
3630:
3623:
3620:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3601:
3598:
3586:
3585:TheCubicle.us
3582:
3576:
3573:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3555:
3547:
3544:
3539:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3490:
3487:
3482:
3476:
3473:
3461:
3457:
3451:
3448:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3421:
3418:
3405:
3401:
3395:
3392:
3388:
3383:
3380:
3368:
3364:
3358:
3355:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3328:
3325:
3312:
3308:
3302:
3299:
3294:
3290:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3272:
3269:
3257:
3253:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3236:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3199:
3192:
3189:
3177:
3173:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3148:
3142:
3139:
3134:
3127:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3108:
3102:
3098:
3097:
3089:
3086:
3081:
3074:
3068:
3065:
3053:
3049:
3043:
3040:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3012:
3009:
2993:
2989:
2988:Solon Mfg. Co
2982:
2975:
2972:
2960:
2956:
2950:
2947:
2943:
2942:
2937:
2931:
2928:
2924:
2919:
2916:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2858:
2855:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2821:
2813:
2810:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2783:
2780:
2775:
2773:9781849733915
2769:
2765:
2764:
2756:
2753:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2685:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2653:
2650:
2645:
2641:
2635:
2632:
2628:
2623:
2620:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2541:
2538:
2533:
2531:9781455774425
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2485:
2482:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2432:
2429:
2417:
2413:
2407:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2388:
2385:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2342:
2338:
2337:Baltimore Sun
2334:
2327:
2324:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2308:
2305:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2286:
2283:
2271:
2269:0-671-65719-4
2265:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2249:
2246:
2242:
2241:
2235:
2232:
2219:
2215:
2209:
2206:
2193:
2187:
2184:
2174:
2170:
2164:
2161:
2148:
2144:
2138:
2135:
2122:
2118:
2117:Microwaves101
2114:
2108:
2105:
2093:
2089:
2083:
2080:
2068:
2064:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2046:
2036:
2033:
2026:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1963:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1939:
1934:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1914:
1912:
1908:
1902:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1830:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1799:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1700:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1681:
1678:
1674:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1556:
1554:measurements.
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1519:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1423:
1413:
1403:
1398:
1396:
1390:
1381:
1380:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1354:
1347:
1345:
1338:
1336:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1268:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1252:analogues of
1251:
1250:electrostatic
1247:
1243:
1235:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
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1158:
1153:
1143:
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1118:
1112:
1111:
1106:This section
1104:
1100:
1095:
1094:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1051:excimer laser
1048:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
991:
988:
985:
984:
981:60 MV/m
980:
978:(1 MHz)
977:
974:
973:
968:
960:
957:
956:
951:
943:
941:
938:
937:
933:
931:
928:
927:
923:
921:
918:
917:
914:0.5 GPa
913:
911:
908:
907:
903:
901:
898:
897:
893:
891:
888:
887:
883:
881:
878:
877:
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869:
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864:
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856:
852:
851:alkali metals
848:
844:
841:
840:thermoplastic
833:
829:
824:
817:
815:
813:
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805:
799:
797:
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789:
788:sulfate ester
770:
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531:
530:legal actions
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334:10 Ω·cm
333:
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317:Melting point
315:
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258:DTXSID7047724
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182:ECHA InfoCard
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38:
37:fluoropolymer
34:
30:
26:
22:
6083:Biomaterials
5724:Plasticizers
5672:Environment
5624:Blister pack
5577:Construction
5486:Blow molding
5328:
5130:
5123:
5069:
4859:Steven Ittel
4839:Linda Fisher
4819:Uma Chowdhry
4677:Subsidiaries
4643:
4443:
4439:
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4403:
4389:
4375:
4361:
4347:
4338:
4326:
4314:. Retrieved
4310:
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4213:. Retrieved
4198:
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4002:
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3854:
3824:. Retrieved
3820:the original
3810:
3798:. Retrieved
3794:the original
3784:
3775:
3769:
3757:. Retrieved
3753:
3722:
3716:
3702:(4): 470–2.
3699:
3695:
3689:
3672:
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3658:
3644:
3632:. Retrieved
3622:
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3600:
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3584:
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3459:
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3434:the original
3429:
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3404:the original
3394:
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3366:
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3341:the original
3336:
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3310:
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3191:
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3141:
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3095:
3088:
3079:
3067:
3055:. Retrieved
3051:
3042:
3025:
3021:
3011:
2999:. Retrieved
2992:the original
2987:
2974:
2962:. Retrieved
2958:
2955:"PTFE Sheet"
2949:
2939:
2930:
2918:
2867:
2863:
2857:
2827:(3–4): 311.
2824:
2818:
2812:
2800:. Retrieved
2796:the original
2791:
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2762:
2755:
2706:
2702:
2662:
2658:
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2341:the original
2336:
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2299:the original
2294:
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2248:
2238:
2234:
2222:. Retrieved
2218:the original
2208:
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2186:
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2146:
2137:
2125:. Retrieved
2121:the original
2116:
2107:
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2091:
2082:
2070:. Retrieved
2066:
2035:
1986:
1978:
1960:
1943:
1915:
1904:
1890:
1866:
1843:
1832:
1803:
1780:carcinogenic
1774:
1753:cooking oils
1746:
1730:
1717:, including
1713:gases and a
1711:fluorocarbon
1704:
1631:dental floss
1624:hub bearings
1435:ski bindings
1428:
1407:
1393:
1370:
1359:
1348:Kitchen ware
1342:
1334:
1313:The O2 Arena
1306:
1295:assemblies,
1290:
1271:
1267:bismaleimide
1263:
1239:
1222:slide plates
1211:
1202:polyethylene
1166:
1135:
1126:
1115:Please help
1110:verification
1107:
1076:
1064:
1044:
1028:
1022:. There are
997:
924:23 MPa
837:
800:
785:
722:
715:
694:
681:free-radical
678:
667:
654:cross-linked
651:
648:
632:
619:at the vast
602:
598:polyethylene
579:
520:, which are
515:
496:
460:fluorocarbon
457:
355:
109:Identifiers
101:Other names
44:
32:
28:
27:
25:
6088:Dielectrics
5965:Regulations
5817:Bisphenol A
5501:Calendering
5443:Plasticizer
5383:Mechanical
5109:Pioneer 250
5104:Tour DuPont
5097:Sponsorship
4954:Earl Tupper
4879:James Lynah
4849:Jeff Gordon
4316:14 December
4260:: 939–949.
4003:Casaweb.org
3980:10 February
3826:28 November
3800:28 November
3759:26 February
3723:Beyond Buds
3581:"Lubicle 1"
3256:Espemfg.com
2870:: 233–242.
2153:10 February
2149:. June 2016
2127:16 February
1979:Dark Waters
1813:thermolysis
1795:Ecotoxicity
1784:Ecotoxicity
1740:in humans (
1677:gaming mice
1670:3D printers
1597:to collect
1536:radiometers
1531:meters and
1529:illuminance
1523:In optical
1511:thermobaric
1507:propellants
1410:August 2023
1366:hydrophobic
1362:frying pans
1315:in London,
1281:Minneapolis
1242:resistivity
1047:ultraviolet
1045:PTFE is an
832:hydrophobic
806:(PFOA) and
794:to give OH
476:hydrophobic
273:Properties
188:100.120.367
154:CHEBI:53251
6072:Categories
5893:Carcinogen
5858:Organotins
5728:Phthalates
5674:and health
5521:Pultrusion
5511:Laminating
5469:processing
4701:facilities
3972:(Report).
3410:17 January
2665:(6): 454.
2557:: 151945.
2459:2263/68582
2275:31 October
2169:US 2230654
2072:3 February
2067:Teflon.com
2047:References
1858:house dust
1854:Ohio River
1835:surfactant
1721:(TFE) and
1552:irradiance
1525:radiometry
1448:arthropods
1339:Lubricants
1260:Composites
1170:dielectric
1068:comonomers
1061:Processing
1020:formicaria
992:−10.28×10
934:0.05–0.10
838:PTFE is a
818:Properties
796:end-groups
792:hydrolyzed
761:persulfate
675:Production
474:. PTFE is
229:E1NC1JVS3O
165:ChemSpider
116:CAS Number
92:IUPAC name
5922:Pollution
5888:Teratogen
5819:(BPA, in
5467:Plastics
5438:Colorants
5426:Additives
5210:Chemical
5000:B Reactor
4541:directors
4538:Selected
4154:Risk Anal
4060:31 August
4034:7 January
3520:1469-493X
3347:3 October
3261:28 August
3057:16 August
3052:Cowie.com
2964:16 August
2877:1403.4760
2849:122020437
2802:2 January
2731:0944-1344
2659:Synthesis
2589:244730906
2092:ebi.ac.uk
1788:ski waxes
1770:parakeets
1757:safflower
1715:sublimate
1707:pyrolysis
1578:superacid
1484:magnesium
1480:aluminium
1246:electrets
1236:Electrets
1198:microwave
1192:, and in
1186:connector
1182:insulator
1032:elastomer
969:< 2×10
952:< 5×10
871:Property
863:pyrolysis
830:as it is
765:homolyzes
626:plant in
511:catheters
507:lubricant
321:327
126:9002-84-0
5903:Diabetes
5809:Monomers
5789:Adipates
5711:plastics
5565:segments
5555:Products
5203:Plastics
5151:Category
5088:Chemours
4624:Neoprene
4577:Products
4468:11460160
4292:28962433
4190:10777081
4182:18419647
4139:24284021
4055:HuffPost
3708:15279489
3681:11824121
3538:36912740
3529:10010250
3153:23 April
2941:Berkeley
2910:11545416
2902:24705364
2747:10437300
2739:28913736
2679:96276938
2610:Chemours
2581:34843762
2476:59338589
2468:30689365
2421:28 April
2395:Archived
2291:"Teflon"
2256:(1986).
2194:. DuPont
1999:Gore-Tex
1966:See also
1918:Chemours
1875:, three
1817:wetlands
1728:(RCF2).
1726:radicals
1658:example.
1609:arteries
1606:stenotic
1544:diffuser
1540:infrared
1500:igniters
1492:fluoride
1476:oxidizer
1402:relocate
1273:Gore-Tex
1196:used at
1129:May 2017
763:, which
492:friction
472:fluorine
356:NFPA 704
349:Hazards
53:spin-off
49:Chemours
6031:Dioxins
5951:Dioxins
5908:Obesity
5649:Cutlery
5639:Bottles
5161:Commons
4978:History
4599:Hypalon
4476:4405763
4448:Bibcode
4283:5598527
4262:Bibcode
4215:23 July
4162:Bibcode
4130:3855507
4088:25 June
4008:5 March
3950:11 June
3924:4 April
3898:4723395
3861:4 April
3634:9 April
3465:5 March
3372:5 March
3317:21 July
3203:1 April
3181:1 April
3176:VEDANTU
2882:Bibcode
2829:Bibcode
2711:Bibcode
2559:Bibcode
2367:Bibcode
2224:10 June
2198:10 June
2097:12 July
1972:BS 4994
1837:in the
1761:avocado
1562:rifling
1498:and as
1400:Please
962:ε = 2.1
945:ε = 2.1
843:polymer
812:FRD-903
540:History
440:what is
438: (
303:Density
297:
6098:DuPont
5748:(BBzP)
5717:(PHCs)
5629:Chairs
5597:Nurdle
5055:Conoco
4663:Zodiaq
4654:Vespel
4644:Teflon
4639:Sorona
4614:Kevlar
4609:Kapton
4604:Kalrez
4584:Corian
4531:DuPont
4474:
4466:
4440:Nature
4290:
4280:
4188:
4180:
4137:
4127:
3896:
3729:
3706:
3679:
3590:20 May
3536:
3526:
3518:
3440:22 May
3289:"PTFE"
3231:
3103:
3001:18 May
2908:
2900:
2847:
2770:
2745:
2737:
2729:
2677:
2587:
2579:
2528:
2474:
2466:
2266:
2179:
2171:,
2113:"PTFE"
1940:(PFA).
1873:DuPont
1749:welded
1701:Safety
1683:waste)
1620:chains
1474:as an
1375:Others
1248:, the
1226:acetal
1190:cables
1083:sinter
967:tan(δ)
950:tan(δ)
874:Value
586:DuPont
568:(LDEF)
468:carbon
435:verify
432:
309:
209:D08974
86:Names
57:DuPont
45:Teflon
6002:Waste
5848:PBDEs
5759:(DOP)
5385:types
5212:types
4667:Zytel
4659:Viton
4649:Tyvek
4634:Nylon
4629:Nomex
4619:Mylar
4594:Freon
4589:FE-13
4472:S2CID
4335:(PDF)
4186:S2CID
3999:(PDF)
3277:p 573
3129:(PDF)
3076:(PDF)
2995:(PDF)
2984:(PDF)
2906:S2CID
2872:arXiv
2845:S2CID
2743:S2CID
2675:S2CID
2585:S2CID
2472:S2CID
2027:Notes
1957:(FEP)
1951:(PFA)
1871:with
1765:smoke
1734:birds
1230:nylon
1218:gears
1036:creep
1016:gecko
705:→ −(F
640:Tefal
311:kg/m
145:ChEBI
139:PTFE
55:from
5863:PFCs
5853:PCBs
5829:(in
5793:DEHA
5768:DINP
5763:DIDP
5757:DEHP
5752:DIHP
5736:DIBP
5713:and
5644:Bags
4679:and
4464:PMID
4318:2018
4288:PMID
4217:2017
4209:RIVM
4178:PMID
4135:PMID
4090:2018
4062:2015
4036:2016
4010:2022
3982:2019
3952:2020
3926:2022
3894:PMID
3863:2022
3828:2014
3802:2014
3761:2018
3727:ISBN
3704:PMID
3677:PMID
3636:2016
3592:2017
3534:PMID
3516:ISSN
3504:2023
3467:2022
3442:2015
3412:2019
3374:2022
3349:2018
3319:2024
3263:2018
3229:ISBN
3205:2024
3183:2024
3155:2017
3101:ISBN
3059:2017
3003:2014
2966:2017
2898:PMID
2804:2012
2768:ISBN
2735:PMID
2727:ISSN
2577:PMID
2526:ISBN
2464:PMID
2423:2022
2277:2010
2264:ISBN
2226:2009
2200:2009
2155:2020
2129:2012
2099:2012
2074:2021
1994:ETFE
1901:GenX
1895:GenX
1823:PFOA
1759:and
1613:vein
1576:, a
1502:for
1488:soot
1482:and
1293:hose
1228:and
998:The
857:and
771:⇌ 2
709:C−CF
701:C=CF
621:K-25
534:GenX
518:PFAS
470:and
307:2200
220:UNII
200:KEGG
172:None
51:, a
33:PTFE
5831:PVC
5798:DOA
5746:BBP
5741:DBP
4456:doi
4444:412
4278:PMC
4270:doi
4170:doi
4125:PMC
4117:doi
4113:121
3886:doi
3563:doi
3524:PMC
3508:doi
3030:doi
2938:",
2890:doi
2868:242
2864:JMR
2837:doi
2719:doi
2667:doi
2567:doi
2555:808
2518:doi
2494:doi
2454:hdl
2446:doi
2442:119
2375:doi
2315:",
1279:in
1184:in
1119:by
686:of
480:wet
246:EPA
47:by
39:of
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397:0
390:0
383:1
295:n
293:)
291:4
289:F
287:2
248:)
244:(
31:(
23:.
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