4087:
4917:
4927:
1781:, supermassive black holes have comparatively low average densities. (Note that a (non-rotating) black hole is a spherical region in space that surrounds the singularity at its center; it is not the singularity itself.) With that in mind, the average density of a supermassive black hole can be less than the density of water.
2524:
3493:
Peterson, Bradley M.; Bentz, Misty C.; Desroches, Louis-Benoit; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Ho, Luis C.; Kaspi, Shai; Laor, Ari; Maoz, Dan; Moran, Edward C.; Pogge, Richard W.; Quillen, Alice C. (20 October 2005). "Multiwavelength
Monitoring of the Dwarf Seyfert 1 Galaxy NGC 4395. I. A Reverberation-Based
1747:
Black holes can be classified based on their
Schwarzschild radius, or equivalently, by their density, where density is defined as mass of a black hole divided by the volume of its Schwarzschild sphere. As the Schwarzschild radius is linearly related to mass, while the enclosed volume corresponds to
1784:
The
Schwarzschild radius of a body is proportional to its mass and therefore to its volume, assuming that the body has a constant mass-density. In contrast, the physical radius of the body is proportional to the cube root of its volume. Therefore, as the body accumulates matter at a given fixed
1799:
It is thought that supermassive black holes like these do not form immediately from the singular collapse of a cluster of stars. Instead they may begin life as smaller, stellar-sized black holes and grow larger by the accretion of matter, or even of other black holes.
1766:(SMBH) is the largest type of black hole, though there are few official criteria on how such an object is considered so, on the order of hundreds of thousands to billions of solar masses. (Supermassive black holes up to 21 billion (2.1 × 10)
2340:
1881:. Its average density at that size would be so high that no known mechanism could form such extremely compact objects. Such black holes might possibly be formed in an early stage of the evolution of the universe, just after the
1748:
the third power of the radius, small black holes are therefore much more dense than large ones. The volume enclosed in the event horizon of the most massive black holes has an average density lower than main sequence stars.
2108:
2726:
1789:, the density of water), its Schwarzschild radius will increase more quickly than its physical radius. When a body of this density has grown to around 136 million solar masses (1.36 × 10
2651:
The
Schwarzschild radius equation can be manipulated to yield an expression that gives the largest possible radius from an input density that doesn't form a black hole. Taking the input density as
2629:
1956:
125:
3360:
Bender, Ralf; Kormendy, John; Bower, Gary; et al. (2005). "HST STIS Spectroscopy of the Triple
Nucleus of M31: Two Nested Disks in Keplerian Rotation around a Supermassive Black Hole".
636:
276:
693:
2575:
2327:
2022:
2281:
224:
548:
2897:
2236:
407:
339:
366:
2519:{\displaystyle r_{s}={\frac {2GM}{c^{2}}}={\frac {2G}{c^{3}}}Mc={\frac {2G}{c^{3}}}P_{0}\Rightarrow {\frac {2G}{c^{3}}}{\frac {\hbar }{2r}}={\frac {\ell _{P}^{2}}{r}}.}
2195:
3642:
Abbott, R.; Abbott, T. D.; Abraham, S.; Acernese, F.; Ackley, K.; Adams, C.; Adhikari, R. X.; Adya, V. B.; Affeldt, C.; Agathos, M.; Agatsuma, K. (2 September 2020).
2047:
433:
306:
177:
570:
504:
4549:
4213:
3440:
Ghez, A. M.; et al. (December 2008). "Measuring
Distance and Properties of the Milky Way's Central Supermassive Black Hole with Stellar Orbits".
4313:
4487:
1609:
3186:
159:
obtained the exact solution to
Einstein's field equations for the gravitational field outside a non-rotating, spherically symmetric body with mass
1744:
operates slightly differently). Neither light nor particles can escape through this surface from the region inside, hence the name "black hole".
3990:
3946:
3893:
If Mount
Everest is assumed* to be a cone of height 8850 m and radius 5000 m, then its volume can be calculated using the following equation:
3792:
3262:
3115:
3028:
3003:
2663:
72:
4529:
442:
This expression had previously been calculated, using
Newtonian mechanics, as the radius of a spherically symmetric body at which the
2735:. This means the largest amount of water you can have without forming a black hole would have a radius of 400 920 754 km (about 2.67
58:. It is a characteristic radius associated with any quantity of mass. The Schwarzschild radius was named after the German astronomer
4618:
409:
is a coordinate singularity, meaning that it is an artifact of the particular system of coordinates that was used; while the one at
4498:
4613:
3870:
2632:
770:
3716:
McConnell, Nicholas J. (8 December 2011). "Two ten-billion-solar-mass black holes at the centres of giant elliptical galaxies".
4534:
4330:
4076:
4756:
4437:
2580:
1899:
4524:
4399:
3291:
2044:
near a large, slowly rotating, nearly spherical body, such as the Earth or Sun can be reasonably approximated as follows:
4345:
1796:), its physical radius would be overtaken by its Schwarzschild radius, and thus it would form a supermassive black hole.
439:
and cannot be removed. The
Schwarzschild radius is nonetheless a physically relevant quantity, as noted above and below.
4442:
4133:
1664:
1111:
1060:
43:
2130:
is the elapsed time for an observer distant from the massive object (and therefore outside of the gravitational field);
4746:
4711:
4701:
2136:
is the radial coordinate of the observer (which is analogous to the classical distance from the center of the object);
2041:
3810:"Separating Accretion and Mergers in the Cosmic Growth of Black Holes with X-Ray and Gravitational-wave Observations"
229:
1836:
Stellar black holes have much greater average densities than supermassive black holes. If one accumulates matter at
577:
4432:
4384:
4367:
4066:
2995:
3246:
4887:
4389:
4303:
4051:
3983:
4956:
4564:
2770:
1885:, when densities of matter were extremely high. Therefore, these hypothetical miniature black holes are called
1841:
1786:
641:
373:
279:
4812:
2532:
1848:
also reach this density), such an accumulation would fall within its own Schwarzschild radius at about 3
4741:
4277:
4240:
4143:
4138:
4056:
2852:
2813:
1763:
1757:
1640:
1009:
927:
886:
845:
762:
4930:
4503:
3923:
4771:
4659:
4644:
4196:
4086:
4010:
1963:
132:
39:
2290:
4649:
4462:
4206:
4061:
3362:
3225:
2801:
1886:
436:
186:
4379:
3924:
A.P. Klimets. (2023). Quantum Gravity. Current Research in Statistics & Mathematics, 2(1), 141-155.
3132:
2245:
3073:"Über das Gravitationsfeld einer Kugel aus inkompressibler Flüssigkeit nach der Einsteinschen Theorie"
511:
4951:
4920:
4628:
4600:
4483:
4223:
4031:
3976:
3831:
3735:
3672:
3614:
3513:
3459:
3381:
3310:
3201:
3144:
3080:
3053:
2866:
2827:
451:
180:
2204:
379:
311:
4751:
4726:
4696:
4654:
4608:
4245:
4111:
4106:
4036:
2823:
2775:
2754:
1741:
1873:
A small mass has an extremely small Schwarzschild radius. A black hole of mass similar to that of
344:
4585:
4457:
4362:
4168:
4153:
4121:
4046:
4041:
3849:
3821:
3759:
3725:
3698:
3662:
3604:
3545:
3503:
3475:
3449:
3397:
3371:
3300:
3217:
3160:
3072:
3045:
2832:
2807:
2780:
2640:
2198:
2025:
1856:
1831:
1778:
1691:
156:
63:
59:
4173:
3107:
2159:
4731:
4721:
4716:
4452:
4416:
4404:
4357:
4298:
4267:
4257:
4191:
3942:
3788:
3751:
3690:
3537:
3258:
3111:
3024:
2999:
2736:
1657:
990:
953:
912:
871:
830:
793:
4892:
3784:
4882:
4842:
4590:
4539:
4394:
4308:
4101:
4071:
3839:
3743:
3680:
3622:
3529:
3521:
3467:
3389:
3318:
3209:
3152:
2819:
2790:
2647:
Calculating the maximum volume and radius possible given a density before a black hole forms
1868:
1710:
1462:
931:
4902:
4852:
4827:
4623:
4467:
4374:
4340:
4252:
1837:
1808:
1064:
766:
443:
3287:"First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole"
412:
285:
4802:
3962:
Klimets A.P., Philosophy Documentation Center, Western University-Canada, 2017, pp.25-30
3877:
3835:
3739:
3676:
3618:
3591:
Takekawa, Shunya; Oka, Tomoharu; Iwata, Yuhei; Tsujimoto, Shiho; Nomura, Mariko (2019).
3517:
3463:
3385:
3314:
3205:
3148:
3084:
3057:
4961:
4817:
4569:
4508:
4352:
4026:
3254:
3100:
1804:
968:
162:
144:
3213:
2989:
4945:
4877:
4797:
4325:
4320:
3853:
3702:
3164:
2796:
2284:
1893:
1874:
1737:
1580:
51:
3936:
3549:
3479:
3401:
3221:
462:
The Schwarzschild radius of an object is proportional to its mass. Accordingly, the
4832:
4706:
4674:
4282:
4201:
3938:
Principles of astrophysics: using gravity and stellar physics to explore the cosmos
3763:
2760:
2636:
1845:
1679:
1138:
1086:
1035:
555:
489:
447:
17:
3871:"How does the mass of one mole of M&M's compare to the mass of Mount Everest?"
4872:
3778:
3077:
Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin
4822:
4776:
4679:
4554:
4493:
4218:
4126:
3563:
2239:
1815:
is approximately 12 million kilometres. Its mass is about 4.1 million
1563:
3844:
3809:
3685:
3643:
3627:
3592:
3323:
3286:
3156:
466:
has a Schwarzschild radius of approximately 3.0 km (1.9 mi), whereas
446:
was equal to the speed of light. It had been identified in the 18th century by
4862:
4792:
4761:
4736:
4689:
4684:
4669:
4335:
4272:
4262:
4163:
3999:
3046:"Über das Gravitationsfeld eines Massenpunktes nach der Einsteinschen Theorie"
2748:
1733:
1646:
890:
744:
723:
55:
3694:
3541:
1732:
Any object whose radius is smaller than its Schwarzschild radius is called a
4897:
4544:
4447:
4235:
4230:
3961:
2103:{\displaystyle {\frac {t_{r}}{t}}={\sqrt {1-{\frac {r_{\mathrm {s} }}{r}}}}}
1878:
1812:
699:
3941:. Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics. New York: Springer. p. 208.
3755:
3593:"Indication of Another Intermediate-mass Black Hole in the Galactic Center"
3021:
Modern general relativity: black holes, gravitational waves, and cosmology
4807:
4766:
4664:
3876:. School of Science and Technology, Singapore. March 2003. Archived from
3568:
3508:
3376:
3023:. Cambridge ; New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. p. 92.
2816:, which could also either be a static black hole or a rotating black hole
1882:
1774:
1115:
1013:
849:
3747:
2238:) corresponding to a given mass are similar when the mass is around one
4847:
3050:
Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
1287:
1205:
808:
3533:
4867:
4857:
4837:
4559:
4158:
4148:
1322:
1244:
47:
2810:, which could either be a static black hole or a rotating black hole
3826:
3780:
Revealing the Heart of the Galaxy: The Milky Way and its Black Hole
3667:
3609:
3525:
3471:
3393:
3305:
2721:{\displaystyle r_{\text{s}}={\sqrt {\frac {3c^{2}}{8\pi G\rho }}}.}
3730:
3454:
2781:
Charged black hole or Newman black hole and Kerr–Newman black hole
1532:
1392:
1357:
467:
3905:/3 Mount Everest is composed of granite, which has a density of
1960:, it is convenient to write the gravitational radius in the form
1720:
1497:
1427:
471:
3972:
3251:
Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology (Third Edition)
3968:
3247:"V.C The Schwarzschild Field, Event Horizons, and Black Holes"
3185:
Montgomery, Colin; Orchiston, Wayne; Whittingham, Ian (2009).
1162:
463:
2333:
Gravitational radius and the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
3644:"Properties and Astrophysical Implications of the 150
3187:"Michell, Laplace and the origin of the black hole concept"
2863:
are both taken to be unity, which reduces this equation to
2908:
Using these values, one can calculate a mass estimate of
2120:
is the elapsed time for an observer at radial coordinate
27:
Radius of the event horizon of a Schwarzschild black hole
62:, who calculated this exact solution for the theory of
2624:{\displaystyle \Delta r_{s}\Delta r\geq \ell _{P}^{2}}
2293:
2248:
1877:
would have a Schwarzschild radius much smaller than a
644:
580:
558:
514:
492:
376:
was debated for decades. It was found that the one at
2869:
2666:
2583:
2535:
2343:
2207:
2162:
2050:
1966:
1951:{\displaystyle \ell _{P}={\sqrt {(G/c^{3})\,\hbar }}}
1902:
1736:. The surface at the Schwarzschild radius acts as an
470:'s is approximately 9 mm (0.35 in) and the
415:
382:
347:
314:
288:
232:
189:
165:
75:
4785:
4637:
4599:
4578:
4517:
4476:
4425:
4291:
4184:
4094:
4019:
3099:
2891:
2720:
2623:
2569:
2518:
2321:
2275:
2230:
2189:
2102:
2016:
1950:
687:
630:
564:
542:
498:
474:'s is approximately 0.1 mm (0.0039 in).
427:
401:
360:
333:
300:
270:
218:
171:
120:{\displaystyle r_{\text{s}}={\frac {2GM}{c^{2}}},}
119:
2994:(2nd ed.). Cambridge, U.K. ; New York:
1840:(the density of the nucleus of an atom, about 10
1615:Black hole classification by Schwarzschild radius
2925:One can calculate the Schwarzschild radius: 2 ×
2757:, a second requirement for black hole formation
631:{\textstyle {\frac {3c^{6}}{32\pi G^{3}M^{2}}}}
271:{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{1-{r_{\text{s}}}/r}}}
3285:Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration (2019).
3984:
3808:Pacucci, Fabio; Loeb, Abraham (1 June 2020).
8:
3194:Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage
3106:. The University of Chicago Press. pp.
183:). The solution contained terms of the form
3919:
3917:
4550:Magnetospheric eternally collapsing object
3991:
3977:
3969:
3240:
3238:
2283:), when both are of the same order as the
688:{\textstyle {\frac {3c^{2}}{8\pi Gr^{2}}}}
476:
3843:
3825:
3729:
3684:
3666:
3626:
3608:
3507:
3453:
3435:
3433:
3375:
3322:
3304:
2874:
2868:
2804:, a hypothetical leftover of the Big Bang
2786:A classification of black holes by mass:
2691:
2680:
2671:
2665:
2615:
2610:
2591:
2582:
2561:
2556:
2540:
2534:
2502:
2497:
2491:
2473:
2465:
2451:
2442:
2430:
2416:
2399:
2385:
2374:
2357:
2348:
2342:
2311:
2302:
2294:
2292:
2263:
2255:
2247:
2217:
2206:
2181:
2172:
2161:
2086:
2085:
2079:
2071:
2057:
2051:
2049:
1999:
1990:
1983:
1971:
1965:
1942:
1933:
1924:
1916:
1907:
1901:
676:
655:
645:
643:
619:
609:
591:
581:
579:
557:
532:
515:
513:
491:
414:
393:
381:
352:
346:
325:
313:
287:
257:
250:
245:
233:
231:
208:
201:
196:
188:
164:
106:
89:
80:
74:
2570:{\displaystyle r_{s}r\sim \ell _{P}^{2}}
1618:
1610:Derivation of the Schwarzschild solution
2980:
2844:
2766:Classification of black holes by type:
2475:
2296:
2257:
2214:
1943:
3865:
3863:
3783:. Cambridge University Press. p.
3494:Measurement of the Black Hole Mass".
2731:For example, the density of water is
372:. The physical significance of these
69:The Schwarzschild radius is given as
7:
4926:
3137:Journal for the History of Astronomy
2322:{\textstyle {\sqrt {\hbar G/c^{3}}}}
2017:{\displaystyle r_{s}=2\,(G/c^{3})Mc}
3651:Binary Black Hole Merger GW190521"
2771:Static or Schwarzschild black hole
2597:
2584:
2276:{\textstyle M={\sqrt {\hbar c/G}}}
2087:
969:Sagittarius A* (SMBH in Milky Way)
219:{\displaystyle 1-{r_{\text{s}}}/r}
25:
3214:10.3724/SP.J.1440-2807.2009.02.01
2991:Astronomy: a physical perspective
543:{\textstyle {\frac {2GM}{c^{2}}}}
4925:
4916:
4915:
4214:Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit
4085:
2793:and extra-dimensional black hole
2633:Heisenberg uncertainty principle
1803:The Schwarzschild radius of the
4331:Innermost stable circular orbit
2892:{\displaystyle r_{\text{s}}=2M}
2631:, which is another form of the
2152:Compton wavelength intersection
2124:within the gravitational field;
38:is a physical parameter in the
4757:Timeline of black hole physics
3133:"John Michell and Black Holes"
2448:
2231:{\displaystyle 2\pi \hbar /Mc}
2037:In gravitational time dilation
2005:
1984:
1939:
1918:
1785:density (in this example, 997
478:Object's Schwarzschild radius
402:{\displaystyle r=r_{\text{s}}}
334:{\displaystyle r=r_{\text{s}}}
1:
4525:Nonsingular black hole models
3292:Astrophysical Journal Letters
3249:. In Meyer, Robert A. (ed.).
3253:. Cambridge, Massachusetts:
3071:Schwarzschild, Karl (1916).
3044:Schwarzschild, Karl (1916).
2988:Kutner, Marc Leslie (2003).
2147:is the Schwarzschild radius.
1773:have been detected, such as
1665:Intermediate-mass black hole
368:has come to be known as the
361:{\displaystyle r_{\text{s}}}
4747:Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer
4712:Hypercompact stellar system
4702:Gamma-ray burst progenitors
3245:Anderson, James L. (2001).
2776:Rotating or Kerr black hole
2042:Gravitational time dilation
1620:Black hole classifications
4978:
4433:Black hole complementarity
4400:Bousso's holographic bound
4385:Quasi-periodic oscillation
4083:
4077:Malament–Hogarth spacetime
3777:Robert H. Sanders (2013).
3157:10.1177/002182867901000104
2996:Cambridge University Press
2156:The Schwarzschild radius (
1866:
1829:
1755:
1740:in a non-rotating body (a
1607:
44:Einstein's field equations
4911:
4304:Gravitational singularity
4006:
3814:The Astrophysical Journal
3655:The Astrophysical Journal
3597:The Astrophysical Journal
3564:"Hiding black hole found"
3496:The Astrophysical Journal
2190:{\displaystyle 2GM/c^{2}}
4888:PSO J030947.49+271757.31
4813:SDSS J150243.09+111557.3
4346:Blandford–Znajek process
3935:Keeton, Charles (2014).
3845:10.3847/1538-4357/ab886e
3686:10.3847/2041-8213/aba493
3628:10.3847/2041-8213/aafb07
3324:10.3847/2041-8213/AB0EC7
3131:Schaffer, Simon (1979).
2853:geometrized unit systems
2822:, if its density is the
1779:stellar mass black holes
139:is the object mass, and
46:that corresponds to the
4144:Active galactic nucleus
2828:hypothetical black hole
2814:Supermassive black hole
1805:supermassive black hole
1764:supermassive black hole
1758:Supermassive black hole
1752:Supermassive black hole
1641:Supermassive black hole
1112:intermediate black hole
1061:intermediate black hole
4772:Tidal disruption event
4742:Supermassive dark star
4660:Black holes in fiction
4645:Outline of black holes
4278:Supermassive dark star
4197:Gravitational collapse
3019:Guidry, M. W. (2019).
2893:
2722:
2625:
2571:
2520:
2323:
2277:
2232:
2191:
2104:
2018:
1952:
1887:primordial black holes
689:
632:
574:Schwarzschild density
566:
544:
500:
429:
403:
362:
335:
302:
272:
220:
173:
133:gravitational constant
121:
40:Schwarzschild solution
4650:Black Hole Initiative
4463:Holographic principle
3442:Astrophysical Journal
3363:Astrophysical Journal
3098:Wald, Robert (1984).
2894:
2802:Primordial black hole
2723:
2626:
2572:
2521:
2324:
2278:
2233:
2192:
2105:
2019:
1953:
690:
633:
567:
545:
508:Schwarzschild radius
501:
437:spacetime singularity
430:
404:
363:
336:
303:
273:
221:
174:
122:
4453:Final parsec problem
4412:Schwarzschild radius
3907:2750 kg⋅m
2867:
2664:
2581:
2533:
2341:
2291:
2246:
2205:
2160:
2048:
1964:
1900:
1855:and thus would be a
769:(one of the largest
642:
578:
556:
512:
490:
452:Pierre-Simon Laplace
413:
380:
370:Schwarzschild radius
345:
312:
286:
230:
187:
181:Schwarzschild metric
163:
73:
36:gravitational radius
32:Schwarzschild radius
4752:Superluminal motion
4727:Population III star
4697:Gravitational waves
4655:Black hole starship
4438:Information paradox
3883:on 10 December 2014
3836:2020ApJ...895...95P
3748:10.1038/nature10636
3740:2011Natur.480..215M
3677:2020ApJ...900L..13A
3619:2019ApJ...871L...1T
3518:2005ApJ...632..799P
3464:2008ApJ...689.1044G
3386:2005ApJ...631..280B
3315:2019ApJ...875L...1E
3206:2009JAHH...12...90M
3149:1979JHA....10...42S
3085:1916skpa.conf..424S
3058:1916SPAW.......189S
2755:Chandrasekhar limit
2620:
2566:
2507:
1892:When moving to the
1742:rotating black hole
1621:
479:
428:{\displaystyle r=0}
301:{\displaystyle r=0}
54:of a Schwarzschild
18:Schwarzchild radius
4586:Optical black hole
4499:Reissner–Nordström
4458:Firewall (physics)
4363:Gravitational lens
3102:General Relativity
2889:
2833:Virtual black hole
2808:Stellar black hole
2751:, a general survey
2718:
2641:Virtual black hole
2621:
2606:
2567:
2552:
2516:
2493:
2319:
2273:
2228:
2199:Compton wavelength
2187:
2100:
2026:virtual black hole
2014:
1948:
1857:stellar black hole
1832:Stellar black hole
1826:Stellar black hole
1726:up to 0.1 mm
1692:Stellar black hole
1619:
685:
628:
562:
540:
496:
477:
425:
399:
358:
341:respectively. The
331:
298:
268:
216:
169:
157:Karl Schwarzschild
117:
64:general relativity
60:Karl Schwarzschild
4939:
4938:
4732:Supermassive star
4722:Naked singularity
4717:Membrane paradigm
4443:Cosmic censorship
4417:Spaghettification
4405:Immirzi parameter
4358:Hawking radiation
4299:Astrophysical jet
4268:Supermassive star
4258:Binary black hole
4192:Stellar evolution
4134:Intermediate-mass
3948:978-1-4614-9236-8
3794:978-1-107-51274-0
3724:(7376): 215–218.
3264:978-0-12-227410-7
3117:978-0-226-87033-5
3030:978-1-107-19789-3
3005:978-0-521-82196-4
2877:
2713:
2712:
2674:
2511:
2486:
2471:
2436:
2405:
2380:
2317:
2271:
2098:
2096:
2066:
1946:
1730:
1729:
1601:
1600:
771:known black holes
683:
626:
538:
396:
355:
328:
266:
253:
204:
172:{\displaystyle M}
112:
83:
16:(Redirected from
4969:
4929:
4928:
4919:
4918:
4591:Sonic black hole
4540:Dark-energy star
4395:Bekenstein bound
4380:M–sigma relation
4309:Ring singularity
4089:
3993:
3986:
3979:
3970:
3964:
3959:
3953:
3952:
3932:
3926:
3921:
3912:
3911:
3908:
3898:
3890:
3888:
3882:
3875:
3867:
3858:
3857:
3847:
3829:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3774:
3768:
3767:
3733:
3713:
3707:
3706:
3688:
3670:
3639:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3612:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3560:
3554:
3553:
3511:
3509:astro-ph/0506665
3490:
3484:
3483:
3457:
3448:(2): 1044–1062.
3437:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3418:
3410:
3405:
3379:
3377:astro-ph/0509839
3357:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3341:
3333:
3328:
3326:
3308:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3242:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3224:. Archived from
3191:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3171:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3105:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3041:
3035:
3034:
3016:
3010:
3009:
2985:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2959:
2957:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2940:
2938:
2932:
2930:
2923:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2906:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2890:
2879:
2878:
2875:
2849:
2824:critical density
2820:Visible universe
2791:Micro black hole
2734:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2711:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2675:
2672:
2656:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2622:
2619:
2614:
2596:
2595:
2576:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2565:
2560:
2545:
2544:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2506:
2501:
2492:
2487:
2485:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2460:
2452:
2447:
2446:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2425:
2417:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2394:
2386:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2369:
2358:
2353:
2352:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2306:
2295:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2272:
2267:
2256:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2229:
2221:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2176:
2146:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2080:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2061:
2052:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2015:
2004:
2003:
1994:
1976:
1975:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1954:
1949:
1947:
1938:
1937:
1928:
1917:
1912:
1911:
1869:Micro black hole
1863:Micro black hole
1711:Micro black hole
1622:
1596:
1578:
1571:
1557:
1550:
1543:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1505:
1491:
1484:
1477:
1470:
1456:
1449:
1442:
1435:
1421:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1365:
1351:
1344:
1337:
1330:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1295:
1282:
1280:
1273:
1271:
1264:
1262:
1255:
1253:
1239:
1237:
1230:
1228:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1200:
1198:
1191:
1189:
1182:
1180:
1173:
1171:
1157:
1155:
1136:
1134:
1127:
1125:
1105:
1103:
1084:
1082:
1075:
1073:
1054:
1052:
1033:
1031:
1024:
1022:
1004:
1002:
988:
986:
979:
977:
963:
951:
949:
942:
940:
932:Andromeda Galaxy
922:
910:
908:
901:
899:
881:
869:
867:
860:
858:
840:
839:0.0045 kg/m
828:
826:
819:
817:
803:
802:0.0018 kg/m
791:
789:
782:
780:
757:
755:
747:
742:
736:
734:
726:
719:
717:
710:
708:
694:
692:
691:
686:
684:
682:
681:
680:
661:
660:
659:
646:
637:
635:
634:
629:
627:
625:
624:
623:
614:
613:
597:
596:
595:
582:
571:
569:
568:
563:
549:
547:
546:
541:
539:
537:
536:
527:
516:
505:
503:
502:
497:
480:
434:
432:
431:
426:
408:
406:
405:
400:
398:
397:
394:
367:
365:
364:
359:
357:
356:
353:
340:
338:
337:
332:
330:
329:
326:
307:
305:
304:
299:
278:, which becomes
277:
275:
274:
269:
267:
265:
261:
256:
255:
254:
251:
234:
225:
223:
222:
217:
212:
207:
206:
205:
202:
178:
176:
175:
170:
126:
124:
123:
118:
113:
111:
110:
101:
90:
85:
84:
81:
21:
4977:
4976:
4972:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4967:
4966:
4957:1916 in science
4942:
4941:
4940:
4935:
4907:
4883:ULAS J1342+0928
4843:SDSS J0849+1114
4828:Phoenix Cluster
4781:
4633:
4595:
4574:
4513:
4472:
4468:No-hair theorem
4421:
4375:Bondi accretion
4341:Penrose process
4287:
4253:Gamma-ray burst
4180:
4090:
4081:
4067:Direct collapse
4015:
4002:
3997:
3967:
3960:
3956:
3949:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3922:
3915:
3906:
3896:
3894:
3886:
3884:
3880:
3873:
3869:
3868:
3861:
3807:
3806:
3802:
3795:
3776:
3775:
3771:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3650:
3641:
3640:
3636:
3590:
3589:
3585:
3575:
3573:
3562:
3561:
3557:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3439:
3438:
3431:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3408:
3406:
3359:
3358:
3354:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3337:
3331:
3329:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3244:
3243:
3236:
3228:
3189:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3169:
3167:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3118:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3043:
3042:
3038:
3031:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3006:
2998:. p. 148.
2987:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2973:
2972:
2963:
2961:
2955:
2953:
2950: m⋅s
2947:
2944:
2942:
2936:
2934:
2928:
2926:
2924:
2920:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2870:
2865:
2864:
2850:
2846:
2841:
2745:
2732:
2698:
2687:
2683:
2667:
2662:
2661:
2652:
2649:
2587:
2579:
2578:
2536:
2531:
2530:
2478:
2461:
2453:
2438:
2426:
2418:
2395:
2387:
2370:
2359:
2344:
2339:
2338:
2335:
2307:
2289:
2288:
2244:
2243:
2203:
2202:
2177:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2145:
2139:
2135:
2129:
2119:
2118:
2081:
2053:
2046:
2045:
2039:
2034:
1995:
1967:
1962:
1961:
1929:
1903:
1898:
1897:
1896:
1871:
1865:
1854:
1851:
1838:nuclear density
1834:
1828:
1821:
1818:
1809:Galactic Center
1795:
1792:
1772:
1769:
1760:
1754:
1723:
1702:
1685:
1675:
1652:
1634:
1629:
1617:
1612:
1606:
1594:
1586:
1576:
1569:
1555:
1548:
1541:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1489:
1482:
1475:
1468:
1454:
1447:
1440:
1433:
1419:
1412:
1405:
1398:
1384:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1349:
1342:
1335:
1328:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1278:
1276:
1269:
1267:
1260:
1258:
1251:
1249:
1235:
1233:
1226:
1224:
1219:
1212:
1210:
1196:
1194:
1187:
1185:
1178:
1176:
1169:
1167:
1153:
1151:
1144:
1132:
1130:
1123:
1121:
1101:
1099:
1092:
1080:
1078:
1071:
1069:
1065:HCN-0.009-0.044
1050:
1048:
1041:
1029:
1027:
1020:
1018:
1000:
998:
984:
982:
975:
973:
961:
947:
945:
938:
936:
920:
906:
904:
897:
895:
880:0.042 kg/m
879:
865:
863:
856:
854:
838:
824:
822:
815:
813:
801:
787:
785:
778:
776:
753:
751:
740:
738:
732:
730:
721:
715:
713:
706:
704:
672:
662:
651:
647:
640:
639:
615:
605:
598:
587:
583:
576:
575:
554:
553:
528:
517:
510:
509:
488:
487:
460:
444:escape velocity
411:
410:
389:
378:
377:
348:
343:
342:
321:
310:
309:
284:
283:
246:
238:
228:
227:
197:
185:
184:
161:
160:
153:
102:
91:
76:
71:
70:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4975:
4973:
4965:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4944:
4943:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4933:
4923:
4912:
4909:
4908:
4906:
4905:
4903:Swift J1644+57
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4853:MS 0735.6+7421
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4818:Sagittarius A*
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4789:
4787:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4693:
4692:
4687:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4641:
4639:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4605:
4603:
4597:
4596:
4594:
4593:
4588:
4582:
4580:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4521:
4519:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4480:
4478:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4429:
4427:
4423:
4422:
4420:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4408:
4407:
4397:
4392:
4390:Thermodynamics
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4371:
4370:
4360:
4355:
4353:Accretion disk
4350:
4349:
4348:
4343:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4311:
4301:
4295:
4293:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4249:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4228:
4227:
4226:
4216:
4211:
4210:
4209:
4199:
4194:
4188:
4186:
4182:
4181:
4179:
4178:
4177:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4136:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4119:
4118:
4117:
4114:
4109:
4098:
4096:
4092:
4091:
4084:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4027:BTZ black hole
4023:
4021:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4013:
4007:
4004:
4003:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3988:
3981:
3973:
3966:
3965:
3954:
3947:
3927:
3913:
3859:
3800:
3793:
3769:
3708:
3648:
3634:
3583:
3572:. 1 March 2019
3555:
3526:10.1086/444494
3502:(2): 799–808.
3485:
3472:10.1086/592738
3429:
3415:
3412:
3394:10.1086/432434
3370:(1): 280–300.
3352:
3338:
3335:
3277:
3263:
3255:Academic Press
3234:
3231:on 2 May 2014.
3177:
3123:
3116:
3090:
3063:
3036:
3029:
3011:
3004:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2931:10 m⋅kg⋅s
2918:
2901:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2873:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2817:
2811:
2805:
2799:
2794:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2764:
2763:
2758:
2752:
2744:
2741:
2733:1000 kg/m
2729:
2728:
2717:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2679:
2670:
2648:
2645:
2618:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2564:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2548:
2543:
2539:
2527:
2526:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2496:
2490:
2484:
2481:
2477:
2468:
2464:
2459:
2456:
2450:
2445:
2441:
2433:
2429:
2424:
2421:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2402:
2398:
2393:
2390:
2384:
2377:
2373:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2356:
2351:
2347:
2334:
2331:
2314:
2310:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2259:
2254:
2251:
2227:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2213:
2210:
2184:
2180:
2175:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2137:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2125:
2116:
2114:
2095:
2089:
2084:
2078:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1993:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1979:
1974:
1970:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1906:
1867:Main article:
1864:
1861:
1852:
1849:
1830:Main article:
1827:
1824:
1819:
1816:
1793:
1790:
1770:
1767:
1756:Main article:
1753:
1750:
1728:
1727:
1724:
1719:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1676:
1673:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1654:
1650:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1616:
1613:
1608:Main article:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1591:
1589:
1584:
1573:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1507:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1486:
1479:
1472:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1451:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1416:
1409:
1402:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1381:
1374:
1367:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1346:
1339:
1332:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1311:
1304:
1297:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1274:
1265:
1256:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1231:
1222:
1217:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1192:
1183:
1174:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1149:
1147:
1142:
1128:
1119:
1107:
1106:
1097:
1095:
1090:
1076:
1067:
1056:
1055:
1046:
1044:
1039:
1025:
1016:
1006:
1005:
996:
994:
980:
971:
965:
964:
959:
957:
943:
934:
924:
923:
921:0.44 kg/m
918:
916:
902:
893:
883:
882:
877:
875:
861:
852:
842:
841:
836:
834:
820:
811:
805:
804:
799:
797:
783:
774:
759:
758:
749:
728:
711:
702:
696:
695:
679:
675:
671:
668:
665:
658:
654:
650:
622:
618:
612:
608:
604:
601:
594:
590:
586:
572:
565:{\textstyle r}
561:
552:Actual radius
550:
535:
531:
526:
523:
520:
506:
499:{\textstyle M}
495:
484:
459:
456:
424:
421:
418:
392:
388:
385:
351:
324:
320:
317:
297:
294:
291:
264:
260:
249:
244:
241:
237:
215:
211:
200:
195:
192:
168:
152:
149:
145:speed of light
116:
109:
105:
100:
97:
94:
88:
79:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4974:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4949:
4947:
4932:
4924:
4922:
4914:
4913:
4910:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4878:Markarian 501
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4803:XTE J1118+480
4801:
4799:
4798:XTE J1650-500
4796:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4784:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
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4740:
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4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4682:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
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4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4640:
4636:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4602:
4598:
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4523:
4522:
4520:
4516:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4489:
4485:
4484:Schwarzschild
4482:
4481:
4479:
4475:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4430:
4428:
4424:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4369:
4366:
4365:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4338:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4326:Photon sphere
4324:
4322:
4321:Event horizon
4319:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4306:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4290:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4247:
4246:Related links
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4233:
4232:
4229:
4225:
4224:Related links
4222:
4221:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4208:
4207:Related links
4205:
4204:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4183:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4123:
4120:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4104:
4103:
4100:
4099:
4097:
4093:
4088:
4078:
4075:
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4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4032:Schwarzschild
4030:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4018:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4005:
4001:
3994:
3989:
3987:
3982:
3980:
3975:
3974:
3971:
3963:
3958:
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3682:
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3647:
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3606:
3602:
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3312:
3307:
3302:
3298:
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3278:
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3260:
3256:
3252:
3248:
3241:
3239:
3235:
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3223:
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3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3188:
3181:
3178:
3166:
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3158:
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3138:
3134:
3127:
3124:
3119:
3113:
3109:
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3094:
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3086:
3082:
3078:
3074:
3067:
3064:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3040:
3037:
3032:
3026:
3022:
3015:
3012:
3007:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2992:
2984:
2981:
2975:
2922:
2919:
2905:
2902:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2871:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2848:
2845:
2838:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2797:Planck length
2795:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2787:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2715:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2677:
2668:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2616:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2600:
2592:
2588:
2562:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2546:
2541:
2537:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2494:
2488:
2482:
2479:
2466:
2462:
2457:
2454:
2443:
2439:
2431:
2427:
2422:
2419:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2400:
2396:
2391:
2388:
2382:
2375:
2371:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2330:
2312:
2308:
2303:
2299:
2286:
2285:Planck length
2268:
2264:
2260:
2252:
2249:
2241:
2225:
2222:
2218:
2211:
2208:
2200:
2182:
2178:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2151:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2123:
2113:
2112:
2111:
2093:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2043:
2036:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2011:
2008:
2000:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1980:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1921:
1913:
1908:
1904:
1895:
1890:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1875:Mount Everest
1870:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1847:
1846:neutron stars
1843:
1839:
1833:
1825:
1823:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1788:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1765:
1759:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1738:event horizon
1735:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1632:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1614:
1611:
1603:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1583:
1579:10 m (2
1574:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1553:
1546:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1522:
1515:
1508:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1487:
1480:
1473:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1452:
1445:
1438:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1382:
1375:
1368:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1347:
1340:
1333:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1312:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1275:
1266:
1257:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1232:
1223:
1218:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1193:
1184:
1175:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1129:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1077:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1026:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1007:
997:
995:
992:
981:
972:
970:
967:
966:
962:640 kg/m
960:
958:
955:
944:
935:
933:
929:
926:
925:
919:
917:
914:
903:
894:
892:
888:
885:
884:
878:
876:
873:
862:
853:
851:
850:NGC 4889
847:
844:
843:
837:
835:
832:
821:
812:
810:
807:
806:
800:
798:
795:
784:
775:
772:
768:
764:
761:
760:
750:
746:
729:
725:
712:
703:
701:
698:
697:
677:
673:
669:
666:
663:
656:
652:
648:
620:
616:
610:
606:
602:
599:
592:
588:
584:
573:
559:
551:
533:
529:
524:
521:
518:
507:
493:
485:
482:
481:
475:
473:
469:
465:
457:
455:
453:
449:
445:
440:
438:
422:
419:
416:
390:
386:
383:
375:
374:singularities
371:
349:
322:
318:
315:
295:
292:
289:
281:
262:
258:
247:
242:
239:
235:
213:
209:
198:
193:
190:
182:
166:
158:
150:
148:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
114:
107:
103:
98:
95:
92:
86:
77:
67:
65:
61:
57:
53:
52:event horizon
50:defining the
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
4833:PKS 1302-102
4707:Gravity well
4675:Compact star
4629:Microquasars
4614:Most massive
4518:Alternatives
4411:
4283:X-ray binary
4202:Neutron star
4139:Supermassive
4116:Hawking star
4057:Supermassive
3957:
3937:
3930:
3902:
3899:
3892:
3885:. Retrieved
3878:the original
3817:
3813:
3803:
3779:
3772:
3721:
3717:
3711:
3658:
3654:
3645:
3637:
3600:
3596:
3586:
3574:. Retrieved
3567:
3558:
3499:
3495:
3488:
3445:
3441:
3367:
3361:
3355:
3296:
3290:
3280:
3268:. Retrieved
3250:
3226:the original
3197:
3193:
3180:
3168:. Retrieved
3140:
3136:
3126:
3101:
3093:
3076:
3066:
3049:
3039:
3020:
3014:
2990:
2983:
2921:
2904:
2860:
2856:
2847:
2785:
2765:
2761:John Michell
2730:
2653:
2650:
2639:. (See also
2637:Planck scale
2528:
2155:
2140:
2121:
2040:
2024:, (see also
1894:Planck scale
1891:
1872:
1835:
1802:
1798:
1783:
1761:
1746:
1731:
1716:
1697:
1680:
1670:
1647:
1581:
1281:10 kg/m
1238:10 kg/m
1199:10 kg/m
1156:10 kg/m
1139:
1137:(0.066
1104:10 kg/m
1087:
1053:10 kg/m
1036:
1003:10 kg/m
829:(~1300
792:(~2000
461:
448:John Michell
441:
369:
154:
140:
136:
128:
68:
35:
31:
29:
4952:Black holes
4823:Centaurus A
4777:Planet Nine
4680:Exotic star
4609:Black holes
4555:Planck star
4504:Kerr–Newman
4219:White dwarf
4169:Radio-Quiet
4127:Microquasar
4000:Black holes
2240:Planck mass
1705:30 km
1564:Planck mass
1537:70 kg
1220:2.82 m
1085:(14.8
1034:(1.53
989:(0.08
911:(~130
870:(~410
4946:Categories
4873:Q0906+6930
4863:Hercules A
4793:Cygnus X-1
4762:White hole
4737:Quasi-star
4690:Preon star
4685:Quark star
4670:Big Bounce
4530:Black star
4488:Derivation
4336:Ergosphere
4292:Properties
4273:Quasi-star
4263:Quark star
4174:Radio-Loud
4062:Primordial
4052:Kugelblitz
3887:8 December
3827:2004.07246
3668:2009.01190
3661:(1): L13.
3610:1812.10733
3534:1811/48314
3425:10 kg
3348:10 kg
3306:1906.11238
3270:23 October
2976:References
2966:10 nm
2939:10 kg
2914:10 kg
2749:Black hole
2197:) and the
2032:Other uses
1777:.) Unlike
1734:black hole
1656:0.001–400
1604:Derivation
1254:10 kg
1215:10 kg
1172:10 kg
1126:10 kg
1110:Resulting
1074:10 kg
1059:Potential
1023:10 kg
978:10 kg
952:(3.3
941:10 kg
900:10 kg
891:Messier 87
859:10 kg
818:10 kg
781:10 kg
756: kg/m
722:0.25
709:10 kg
458:Parameters
56:black hole
4898:AT2018hyz
4545:Gravastar
4535:Dark star
4368:Microlens
4241:Hypernova
4236:Micronova
4231:Supernova
4185:Formation
3895:volume =
3854:215786268
3820:(2): 95.
3731:1112.1078
3703:221447444
3695:2041-8213
3603:(1): L1.
3542:0004-637X
3455:0808.2870
3299:(1): L1.
3200:(2): 90.
3165:123958527
3143:: 42–43.
2958:10 m
2709:ρ
2703:π
2608:ℓ
2604:≥
2598:Δ
2585:Δ
2554:ℓ
2550:∼
2495:ℓ
2476:ℏ
2449:⇒
2297:ℏ
2258:ℏ
2215:ℏ
2212:π
2077:−
1944:ℏ
1905:ℓ
1879:nanometre
1813:Milky Way
1272:10 m
1263:10 m
1229:10 m
1190:10 m
1181:10 m
1135:10 m
1083:10 m
1032:10 m
987:10 m
950:10 m
909:10 m
868:10 m
827:10 m
790:10 m
767:Phoenix A
735:10 m
718:10 m
700:Milky Way
667:π
603:π
243:−
194:−
155:In 1916,
66:in 1916.
4921:Category
4808:A0620-00
4767:Wormhole
4665:Big Bang
4565:Fuzzball
4448:ER = EPR
4314:Theorems
4112:Electron
4107:Extremal
4037:Rotating
3756:22158244
3569:phys.org
3550:13886279
3480:18335611
3421:0.34(12)
3416:☉
3411:10
3402:53415285
3344:1.29(14)
3339:☉
3334:10
3222:55890996
2743:See also
1883:Big Bang
1853:☉
1820:☉
1794:☉
1775:NGC 4889
1771:☉
1678:10 km ≈
1597:10 kg/m
1558:10 kg/m
1527:10 kg/m
1492:10 kg/m
1457:10 kg/m
1422:10 kg/m
1387:10 kg/m
1352:10 kg/m
1317:10 kg/m
1116:GW190521
1014:NGC 4395
280:singular
4931:Commons
4893:P172+18
4848:TON 618
4786:Notable
4638:Related
4624:Quasars
4619:Nearest
4579:Analogs
4509:Hayward
4477:Metrics
4122:Stellar
4047:Virtual
4042:Charged
4011:Outline
3832:Bibcode
3764:4408896
3736:Bibcode
3673:Bibcode
3615:Bibcode
3576:15 June
3514:Bibcode
3460:Bibcode
3382:Bibcode
3311:Bibcode
3202:Bibcode
3145:Bibcode
3108:152–153
3081:Bibcode
3079:: 424.
3054:Bibcode
3052:: 189.
2826:, as a
2635:on the
2110:where:
1811:of the
1807:at the
1635:radius
1633:Approx.
1628:Approx.
1463:Mercury
1288:Neptune
1206:Jupiter
1118:merger
809:Ton 618
483:Object
151:History
143:is the
131:is the
34:or the
4868:3C 273
4858:NeVe 1
4838:OJ 287
4560:Q star
4426:Issues
4159:Blazar
4149:Quasar
3945:
3852:
3791:
3762:
3754:
3718:Nature
3701:
3693:
3548:
3540:
3478:
3407:1.7(6)
3400:
3330:6.5(7)
3261:
3220:
3170:4 June
3163:
3114:
3027:
3002:
2935:6.3715
2927:6.6738
2910:6.3715
2654:ρ
2529:Thus,
1958:≈ 10 m
1715:up to
1645:10–10
1572:10 kg
1506:10 kg
1471:10 kg
1436:10 kg
1401:10 kg
1366:10 kg
1331:10 kg
1323:Uranus
1296:10 kg
1245:Saturn
1100:1.8011
1070:6.3616
1049:1.4230
1019:7.1568
743:
127:where
48:radius
4962:Radii
4601:Lists
4102:Micro
4072:Rogue
4020:Types
3881:(PDF)
3874:(PDF)
3850:S2CID
3822:arXiv
3760:S2CID
3726:arXiv
3699:S2CID
3663:arXiv
3605:arXiv
3546:S2CID
3504:arXiv
3476:S2CID
3450:arXiv
3398:S2CID
3372:arXiv
3301:arXiv
3229:(PDF)
3218:S2CID
3190:(PDF)
3161:S2CID
2839:Notes
1684:Earth
1625:Class
1551:10 m
1544:10 m
1533:Human
1520:10 m
1513:10 m
1485:10 m
1478:10 m
1467:3.285
1450:10 m
1443:10 m
1415:10 m
1408:10 m
1397:4.867
1393:Venus
1380:10 m
1373:10 m
1358:Earth
1345:10 m
1338:10 m
1327:8.681
1310:10 m
1303:10 m
1292:1.024
1250:5.683
1152:9.125
1131:4.189
1122:2.823
1114:from
1028:1.062
999:1.068
752:0.000
486:Mass
468:Earth
435:is a
179:(see
4570:Geon
4494:Kerr
4095:Size
3943:ISBN
3889:2014
3789:ISBN
3752:PMID
3691:ISSN
3578:2022
3538:ISSN
3272:2023
3259:ISBN
3172:2018
3112:ISBN
3025:ISBN
3000:ISBN
2962:9.46
2954:9.46
2952:) =
2859:and
1842:kg/m
1787:kg/m
1721:Moon
1630:mass
1593:1.54
1575:3.23
1568:2.18
1554:1.49
1540:1.04
1523:1.35
1516:1.74
1509:1.09
1502:7.35
1498:Moon
1488:6.79
1481:2.44
1474:4.87
1453:1.80
1446:3.39
1439:9.47
1432:6.39
1428:Mars
1418:3.10
1411:6.05
1404:7.21
1383:2.04
1376:6.37
1369:8.87
1362:5.97
1348:9.68
1341:2.56
1334:1.29
1313:6.97
1306:2.47
1299:1.52
1277:2.27
1268:6.03
1259:8.42
1234:2.02
1211:1.90
1195:1.84
1177:2.95
1168:1.99
1079:9.44
1010:SMBH
983:1.23
974:8.26
928:SMBH
887:SMBH
846:SMBH
763:SMBH
472:Moon
450:and
308:and
226:and
30:The
4164:OVV
4154:LQG
3840:doi
3818:895
3744:doi
3722:480
3681:doi
3659:900
3623:doi
3601:871
3530:hdl
3522:doi
3500:632
3468:doi
3446:689
3390:doi
3368:631
3319:doi
3297:875
3210:doi
3153:doi
2948:458
2945:792
2943:299
2941:/ (
2851:In
2739:).
2643:).
2577:or
2329:).
2028:).
1701:Sun
1696:10
1674:Sun
1669:10
1651:Sun
1225:7.0
1186:7.0
1163:Sun
1063:in
1012:in
946:5.0
937:3.4
930:in
905:1.9
896:1.3
889:in
864:6.2
855:4.2
848:in
823:1.9
814:1.3
765:in
754:029
741:900
714:2.4
705:1.6
638:or
464:Sun
282:at
42:to
4948::
3916:^
3891:.
3862:^
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3838:.
3830:.
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3812:.
3787:.
3785:36
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3697:.
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3671:.
3657:.
3653:.
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3498:.
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3458:.
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3396:.
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3366:.
3342:=
3317:.
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3257:.
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3216:.
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3198:12
3196:.
3192:.
3159:.
3151:.
3141:10
3139:.
3135:.
3110:.
3075:.
3048:.
2960:=
2933:×
2855:,
2737:AU
2657:,
1889:.
1859:.
1844:;
1822:.
1762:A
1658:AU
1588:)
1547:~5
1146:)
1143:🜨
1094:)
1091:🜨
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915:)
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874:)
872:AU
833:)
831:AU
796:)
794:AU
773:)
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745:ly
739:52
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724:ly
600:32
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147:.
135:,
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4486:(
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3824::
3797:.
3766:.
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3728::
3705:.
3683::
3675::
3665::
3649:⊙
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3631:.
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3607::
3580:.
3552:.
3532::
3524::
3516::
3506::
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3470::
3462::
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3427:.
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3413:M
3409:×
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3327:.
3321::
3313::
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3155::
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3060:.
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3033:.
3008:.
2968:.
2964:×
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2912:×
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2887:M
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2876:s
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2706:G
2700:8
2693:2
2689:c
2685:3
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2673:s
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2376:2
2372:c
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