1115:
633:
It is customary in scientific measurement to record all the definitely known digits from the measurement and to estimate at least one additional digit if there is any information at all available on its value. The resulting number contains more information than it would without the extra digit, which
3119:
Digital
Fortran 77 also allows the syntax Qsnnn, if the exponent field is within the T_floating double precision range. A REAL*16 constant is a basic real constant or an integer constant followed by a decimal exponent. A decimal exponent has the form: Qsnn s is an optional sign nn is a string of
1429:
means that too much money is put into circulation, perhaps by printing banknotes, chasing too few goods. It is sometimes defined as inflation of 50% or more in a single month. In such conditions, money rapidly loses its value. Some countries have had events of inflation of 1 million percent or more
1576:
Conversion between different scientific notation representations of the same number with different exponential values is achieved by performing opposite operations of multiplication or division by a power of ten on the significand and an subtraction or addition of one on the exponent part. The
580:
is usually read to have five significant figures: 1, 2, 3, 0, and 4, the final two zeroes serving only as placeholders and adding no precision. The same number, however, would be used if the last two digits were also measured precisely and found to equal 0 – seven significant figures.
4343:
The hexadecimal floating-point literals were not part of C++ until C++17, although they can be parsed and printed by the I/O functions since C++11: both C++ I/O streams when std::hexfloat is enabled and the C I/O streams: std::printf, std::scanf, etc. See std::strtof for the format
2758:
Another similar convention to denote base-2 exponents is using a letter "P" (or "p", for "power"). In this notation the significand is always meant to be hexadecimal, whereas the exponent is always meant to be decimal. This notation can be produced by implementations of the
2205:
2073:
2596:
2688:(using decimal representation), or 1.125B3 (still using decimal representation). Some calculators use a mixed representation for binary floating point numbers, where the exponent is displayed as decimal number even in binary mode, so the above becomes
1459:
Converting a number in these cases means to either convert the number into scientific notation form, convert it back into decimal form or to change the exponent part of the equation. None of these alter the actual number, only how it's expressed.
2661:) to the power" here. In order to better distinguish this base-2 exponent from a base-10 exponent, a base-2 exponent is sometimes also indicated by using the letter "B" instead of "E", a shorthand notation originally proposed by
1944:
3946:
Luzum, Brian; Capitaine, Nicole; Fienga, Agnès; Folkner, William; Fukushima, Toshio; Hilton, James; Hohenkerk, Catherine; Krasinsky, George; Petit, Gérard; Pitjeva, Elena; Soffel, Michael; Wallace, Patrick (August 2011).
2078:
1137:
supporting scientific notation appeared in 1972. The displays of pocket calculators of the 1970s did not display an explicit symbol between significand and exponent; instead, one or more digits were left blank (e.g.
437:. This form allows easy comparison of numbers: numbers with bigger exponents are (due to the normalization) larger than those with smaller exponents, and subtraction of exponents gives an estimate of the number of
1951:
2470:
584:
When a number is converted into normalized scientific notation, it is scaled down to a number between 1 and 10. All of the significant digits remain, but the placeholding zeroes are no longer required. Thus
637:
Additional information about precision can be conveyed through additional notation. It is often useful to know how exact the final digit or digits are. For instance, the accepted value of the mass of the
1843:
634:
may be considered a significant digit because it conveys some information leading to greater precision in measurements and in aggregations of measurements (adding them or multiplying them together).
2477:
457:). The 10 and exponent are often omitted when the exponent is 0. For a series of numbers that are to be added or subtracted (or otherwise compared), it can be convenient to use the same value of
1162:
for the scientific-notation exponent to distinguish it from "normal" exponents, and suggested the letter "D" as a separator between significand and exponent in typewritten numbers (for example,
3524:. Perhaps, as this notation gets more and more usage, the calculator manufacturers will change their keyboard abbreviations. HP's EEX and TI's EE could be changed to ED (for enter decapower).
3176:
1196:
In 1962, Ronald O. Whitaker of Rowco
Engineering Co. proposed a power-of-ten system nomenclature where the exponent would be circled, e.g. 6.022 × 10 would be written as "6.022③".
3058:
It tells the input translator that the field to be converted is a decimal number of the form ~X.XXXXE ± YY where E implies that the value of ~x.xxxx is to be scaled by ten to the ±YY power.
2336:
2276:
1737:
1677:
3502:
Users Club member #547) suggested the term "decapower" as a descriptor for the power-of-ten multiplier used in scientific notation displays. I'm going to begin using it in place of "
869:
exponents like 10 can be inconvenient to display or type, the letter "E" or "e" (for "exponent") is often used to represent "times ten raised to the power of", so that the notation
528:| < 10. Though similar in concept, engineering notation is rarely called scientific notation. Engineering notation allows the numbers to explicitly match their corresponding
3821:
2376:
1848:
570:. Leading and trailing zeroes are not significant digits, because they exist only to show the scale of the number. Unfortunately, this leads to ambiguity. The number
3218:
4356:
3412:(1+1+45+1 pages) (NB. Although this manual is dated 1973, presumably version 1 of this calculator was introduced in November 1972 according to other sources.)
3506:" which is technically incorrect, and the letter D to separate the "mantissa" from the decapower for typewritten numbers, as Jim also suggests. For example,
464:
Normalized scientific form is the typical form of expression of large numbers in many fields, unless an unnormalized or differently normalized form, such as
3001:
2974:
566:
A significant figure is a digit in a number that adds to its precision. This includes all nonzero numbers, zeroes between significant digits, and zeroes
3633:
865:
typically present very large or small numbers using scientific notation, and some can be configured to uniformly present all numbers that way. Because
3677:
2383:
1166:); these gained some currency in the programmable calculator user community. The letters "E" or "D" were used as a scientific-notation separator by
1430:
in a single month, which usually results in the rapid abandonment of the currency. For example, in
November 2008 the monthly inflation rate of the
1755:
930:. While common in computer output, this abbreviated version of scientific notation is discouraged for published documents by some style guides.
2605:
While base ten is normally used for scientific notation, powers of other bases can be used too, base 2 being the next most commonly used one.
4296:
3997:
2936:
2882:
1472:, to put the number's value within a desired range, between 1 and 10 for normalized notation. If the decimal was moved to the left, append
2796:
I/O functions could parse and print the P notation as well. Meanwhile, the notation has been fully adopted by the language standard since
3825:
3949:"The IAU 2009 system of astronomical constants: The report of the IAU working group on numerical standards for Fundamental Astronomy"
2931:(3rd ed.). Washington, DC : Oxford ; New York: American Chemical Society ; Oxford University Press. p. 210.
508:
Engineering notation (often named "ENG" on scientific calculators) differs from normalized scientific notation in that the exponent
2200:{\displaystyle {\frac {2.34\times 10^{2}}{5.67\times 10^{-5}}}\approx 0.413\times 10^{2-(-5)}=0.413\times 10^{7}=4.13\times 10^{6}}
1220:
before and after "×" or in front of "E" is sometimes omitted, though it is less common to do so before the alphabetical character.
2216:
require the numbers to be represented using the same exponential part, so that the significand can be simply added or subtracted:
1682:
1622:
4038:
4443:
4076:
3858:
3400:
2666:
2068:{\displaystyle 5.67\times 10^{-5}\times 2.34\times 10^{2}\approx 13.3\times 10^{-5+2}=13.3\times 10^{-3}=1.33\times 10^{-2}}
3108:
1371:
946:
27:
1398:. Using scientific notation, this value can be uniformly expressed to any desired precision, from the nearest tenth of a
3741:
2805:
3854:
3160:
1173:
released between 1987 and 1995, "E" used for 10-digit numbers and "D" used for 20-digit double-precision numbers. The
603:
if it had five significant digits. If the number were known to six or seven significant figures, it would be shown as
2965:
307:. The term "mantissa" can be ambiguous where logarithms are involved, because it is also the traditional name of the
2992:
3772:
2281:
2221:
4160:
3883:
2770:
1103:
625:. Thus, an additional advantage of scientific notation is that the number of significant figures is unambiguous.
20:
2591:{\displaystyle 2.34\times 10^{-5}+5.67\times 10^{-6}=2.34\times 10^{-5}+0.567\times 10^{-5}=2.907\times 10^{-5}}
66:
notation is commonly used by scientists, mathematicians, and engineers, in part because it can simplify certain
4453:
2729:
Similar to "B" (or "b"), the letters "H" (or "h") and "O" (or "o", or "C") are sometimes also used to indicate
938:
3811:(Technica Report). WHOI Document Collection. Woods Hole, MA: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. WHOI-76-59
3651:
3606:
50:, since to do so would require writing out an inconveniently long string of digits. It may be referred to as
1151:
3695:
2849:– a Chinese numeral system formerly used in commerce, with order of magnitude written below the significand
2843:– an international standard which guides the use of physical quantities and units of measurement in science
3910:
3806:"A Computer Program For The Design And Static Analysis Of Single-Point Sub-Surface Mooring Systems: NOYFB"
3780:
3296:
2681:
1745:
958:
513:
334:
71:
3805:
2899:
4254:
4141:
4018:
2613:
953:– use this "E" notation, which comes from Fortran and was present in the first version released for the
480:
67:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4281:
The
Mathematical-Function Computation Handbook – Programming Using the MathCW Portable Software Library
3747:
2662:
1114:
4448:
3960:
3902:
3259:
2823:
503:
465:
3915:
3843:
3565:
3301:
4229:
4088:(NB. This calculator supports floating point numbers in scientific notation in bases 8, 10 and 16.)
3569:
3561:
3266:
2835:
1205:
974:
704:
567:
561:
438:
3862:
4419:
4310:
4179:
3928:
3892:
3314:
3212:
3049:
3030:
2961:
2341:
1488:
in normalized scientific notation, the decimal separator would be moved 6 digits to the left and
4413:
2959:
However, E notation was not included in the preliminary specification of
Fortran, as of 1954.
4302:
4292:
3993:
3878:
3691:
3671:
3647:
3620:
3445:
3440:
3137:
3071:
2942:
2932:
2878:
1431:
1181:
1174:
1167:
1134:
1126:
1122:
1119:
895:
358:
4328:
1507:
would have its decimal separator shifted 3 digits to the right instead of the left and yield
1000:. This presented a challenge for computer systems which did not provide such a character, so
4284:
4169:
3968:
3920:
3581:
3306:
3039:
1434:
reached 79.6 billion percent; the approximate value with three significant figures would be
1083:
970:
862:
442:
312:
3391:
3468:
3432:
3369:
3333:
2846:
2774:
2707:
1170:
1155:
308:
3151:
552:
would likely be read out as "one-point-two-five times ten-to-the-negative-eight metres".
3964:
3906:
3102:
1146:), or a pair of smaller and slightly raised digits were reserved for the exponent (e.g.
479:
is not restricted to the range 1 to 10 (as in engineering notation for instance) and to
3601:
3589:
3577:
3573:
2994:
The FORTRAN Automatic Coding System for the IBM 704 EDPM: Programmer's
Reference Manual
2703:
1749:
1741:
1426:
700:
470:
412:
346:
324:
4403:
4046:
3527:
2973:(Preliminary report). New York: Programming Research Group, Applied Science Division,
2855:– a notation to specify resistor and capacitor values, with symbols for powers of 1000
4437:
3831:
3597:
3593:
3585:
3530:
3175:"6. Extensions: 6.1 Extensions implemented in GNU Fortran: 6.1.8 Q exponent-letter".
3092:
2840:
2809:
1009:
913:
449:
is negative for a number with absolute value between 0 and 1 (e.g. 0.5 is written as
4425:
4314:
4183:
3053:
1939:{\displaystyle {\frac {x_{0}}{x_{1}}}={\frac {m_{0}}{m_{1}}}\times 10^{n_{0}-n_{1}}}
3932:
3318:
1523:
Converting a number from scientific notation to decimal notation, first remove the
1204:
In normalized scientific notation, in E notation, and in engineering notation, the
1177:
441:
separating the numbers. It is also the form that is required when using tables of
47:
43:
3550:
was frequently used in subsequent issues of this newsletter up to at least 1978.)
4014:
3924:
3347:
407:
scientific notation (called "standard form" in the United
Kingdom), the exponent
4144:
in scientific notation in addition to the usual decimal floating-point numbers.)
3128:
3096:
2988:
2213:
1209:
1091:
866:
529:
299:
278:
271:
4067:
973:
numbers in scientific notation, and newer
Fortran compilers use "Q" to signify
4364:
4288:
3973:
3948:
3832:"Bryn Mawr College: Survival Skills for Problem Solving – Scientific Notation"
3200:
2801:
1399:
1213:
1185:
1047:
966:
950:
858:
4408:
4140:, this package also supports calculations for binary, octal, and hexadecimal
2926:
2925:
Coghill, Anne M.; Garson, Lorrin R.; American
Chemical Society, eds. (2006).
3121:
2967:
Specifications for: The IBM Mathematical FORmula TRANSlating System, FORTRAN
2946:
1410:
281:(usually between 1 and 10 in absolute value, and nearly always written as a
4174:
4155:
4133:
3877:
Mohr, Peter J.; Newell, David B.; Taylor, Barry N. (July–September 2016).
3044:
3025:
3000:. New York: Applied Science Division and Programming Research Department,
2706:
representation commonly used in computer arithmetic, and the usage of IEC
2657:(or shorter: 1.001E11) with the letter "E" now standing for "times two (10
1549:
would have its decimal separator shifted 6 digits to the right and become
4042:
3503:
3495:
3455:
3427:
3233:
2852:
2209:
1230:
1017:
1008:, and some Soviet Algol variants allowed the use of the Cyrillic letter "
290:
63:
31:
3370:"SIMULA standard as defined by the SIMULA Standards Group – 3.1 Numbers"
2797:
2789:
337:
is a computer arithmetic system closely related to scientific notation.
19:
This article is about a numeric notation. For the musical notation, see
4205:
HP16C Emulator
Library for the HP48 – Addendum to the Operator's Manual
4129:
3879:"CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2014"
3310:
1051:
1001:
962:
954:
934:
282:
267:
4255:"dprintf, fprintf, printf, snprintf, sprintf – print formatted output"
3061:(4 pages) (NB. This was presented at the ACM meeting 11–13 June 1958.)
2928:
The ACS style guide: effective communication of scientific information
26:"E notation" redirects here. For the series of preferred numbers, see
4137:
4125:
3822:"Cengage – the Leading Provider of Higher Education Course Materials"
2761:
1071:
978:
639:
3897:
3258:
Bauer, Henry R.; Becker, Sheldon; Graham, Susan L. (January 1968).
2793:
1561:
would have its decimal separator moved 3 digits to the left and be
957:
in 1956. The E notation was already used by the developers of
942:
4306:
4230:"Rationale for International Standard – Programming Languages – C"
3499:
3448:
3435:
3072:"UH Mānoa Mathematics » Fortran lesson 3: Format, Write, etc"
2777:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
1340:
1292:
1143:
1113:
985:
4203:
4110:
2646:
if binary context is obvious). In E notation, this is written as
532:, which facilitates reading and oral communication. For example,
475:– although the latter term is more general and also applies when
245:
In scientific notation, nonzero numbers are written in the form
2465:{\displaystyle x_{0}\pm x_{1}=(m_{0}\pm m_{1})\times 10^{n_{0}}}
1388:
1296:
3537:. Vol. 1, no. 6. Dayton, OH. November 1976. p. 1
2901:
Submission Guidelines for Authors: HPS 2010 Midyear Proceedings
1585:
is added to (or subtracted from) the exponent, as shown below.
3512:
2766:
46:
that are too large or too small to be conveniently written in
2812:
binary floating-point standard. Example: 1.3DEp42 represents
540:
can be read as "twelve-point-five nanometres" and written as
468:, is desired. Normalized scientific notation is often called
3453:
Davidson, Jim (January 1976). Nelson, Richard J. (ed.). "".
1838:{\displaystyle x_{0}x_{1}=m_{0}m_{1}\times 10^{n_{0}+n_{1}}}
1070:
Some programming languages use other symbols. For instance,
981:
programming language supports the use of either "E" or "D".
3650:. 1987. pp. 105–108, 131–134, 370, 375. Archived from
3260:"ALGOL W – Notes For Introductory Computer Science Courses"
3120:
decimal digits This type of constant is only available on
2680:(or shorter: 1.001B11). For comparison, the same number in
2608:
For example, in base-2 scientific notation, the number 1001
1468:
First, move the decimal separator point sufficient places,
4404:
An exercise in converting to and from scientific notation
3729:] (in Japanese). Vol. 6. University Co-op. 1993.
3718:] (in Japanese). Vol. 5. University Co-op. 1991.
3679:
SHARP Taschencomputer Modell PC-E500S Bedienungsanleitung
3635:
SHARP Taschencomputer Modell PC-1475 Bedienungsanleitung
3608:
SHARP Taschencomputer Modell PC-1280 Bedienungsanleitung
3438:
users, and Richard C. Vanderburgh promoted these in the
3393:
Texas Instruments electronic slide rule calculator SR-10
3334:"Revised proposal to encode the decimal exponent symbol"
315:. If the number is negative then a minus sign precedes
3287:"Revised Report on the Algorithmic Language Algol 68".
16:
Method of writing numbers with a large amount of digits
1020:
programming language provided a choice of characters:
4361:
Guides and Sample Code: Developer: Language Reference
3684:
SHARP Pocket Computer Model PC-E500S Operation Manual
2873:
Caliò, Franca; Alessandro, Lazzari (September 2017).
2480:
2386:
2344:
2284:
2224:
2081:
1954:
1851:
1758:
1685:
1625:
3668:
SHARP Pocket Computer Model PC-E500 Operation Manual
3640:
SHARP Pocket Computer Model PC-1475 Operation Manual
3613:
SHARP Pocket Computer Model PC-1280 Operation Manual
992:" character instead of the letter "E", for example:
4224:
4222:
3516:] which is displayed in scientific notation as
2875:
Elements of Mathematics with Numerical Applications
1163:
1099:
1095:
1087:
1079:
1075:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1013:
1004:(1966) replaced the symbol by a single quote, e.g.
965:in 1958. Later versions of Fortran (at least since
927:
923:
909:
905:
850:
834:
818:
802:
786:
770:
751:
735:
4015:"Zimbabwe: Inflation Soars to 231 Million Percent"
3623:. 1987. pp. 56–60. 7M 0.8-I(TINSG1123ECZZ)(3)
2826:can be viewed as a base-1000 scientific notation.
2590:
2464:
2370:
2330:
2270:
2199:
2067:
1938:
1837:
1731:
1671:
988:(1960) programming language uses a subscript ten "
4069:electronic hexadecimal calculator/converter SR-22
1748:are performed using the rules for operation with
691:. However it is still unclear whether the error (
376:in many ways: for example, 350 can be written as
3026:"The SHARE 709 System: Input-Output Translation"
3024:DiGri, Vincent J.; King, Jane E. (April 1959) .
2808:supports it as well. It is also required by the
1577:decimal separator in the significand is shifted
1212:may be represented by a normal width space or a
3802:Samples of usage of terminology and variants:
2907:. McLean, VA: Health Physics Society. p. 5
933:Most popular programming languages – including
4357:"The Swift Programming Language (Swift 3.0.1)"
4109:Schwartz, Jake; Grevelle, Rick (2003-10-20) .
3467:Vanderburgh, Richard C., ed. (November 1976).
2877:. Società Editrice Esculapio. pp. 30–32.
4235:. 5.10. April 2003. pp. 52, 153–154, 159
4202:Schwartz, Jake; Grevelle, Rick (2003-10-21).
3859:"INTOUCH 4GL a Guide to the INTOUCH Language"
3535:52-Notes – Newsletter of the SR-52 Users Club
3476:52-Notes – Newsletter of the SR-52 Users Club
1529:on the end, then shift the decimal separator
1158:calculator user Jim Davidson coined the term
699:in this case) is the maximum possible error,
347:Exponentiation § History of the notation
345:For the history of exponential notation, see
74:, it is usually known as "SCI" display mode.
8:
4197:
4195:
4193:
4104:
4102:
4100:
4098:
4096:
4094:
3716:Telephone board 5 PC-1490UII program library
3694:. 1995. 6J3KS(TINSG1223ECZZ). Archived from
2331:{\displaystyle x_{1}=m_{1}\times 10^{n_{1}}}
2271:{\displaystyle x_{0}=m_{0}\times 10^{n_{0}}}
1732:{\displaystyle x_{1}=m_{1}\times 10^{n_{1}}}
1672:{\displaystyle x_{0}=m_{0}\times 10^{n_{0}}}
4156:"Letters to the editor: On binary notation"
3953:Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy
3205:Report on the Algorithmic Language ALGOL 60
3140:. 2005 . pp. 3-7–3-8, 3–10. 253261-003
3002:International Business Machines Corporation
2975:International Business Machines Corporation
1362:. In engineering notation, this is written
1184:series of calculators (1996–present) use a
544:, while its scientific notation equivalent
363:Any real number can be written in the form
3727:Telephone board 6 PC-U6000 program library
3217:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3153:Compaq Visual Fortran – Language Reference
1619:Given two numbers in scientific notation,
1328:. In scientific notation, this is written
1274:. In scientific notation, this is written
1129:to three significant figures in E notation
516:of 3. Consequently, the absolute value of
4261:(Issue 7, IEEE Std 1003.1, 2013 ed.)
4173:
3972:
3914:
3896:
3425:and recommended the "D" separator in the
3300:
3043:
2579:
2557:
2535:
2513:
2491:
2479:
2454:
2449:
2433:
2420:
2404:
2391:
2385:
2362:
2349:
2343:
2320:
2315:
2302:
2289:
2283:
2260:
2255:
2242:
2229:
2223:
2191:
2172:
2138:
2113:
2095:
2082:
2080:
2056:
2034:
2006:
1987:
1965:
1953:
1928:
1915:
1910:
1895:
1885:
1879:
1868:
1858:
1852:
1850:
1827:
1814:
1809:
1796:
1786:
1773:
1763:
1757:
1721:
1716:
1703:
1690:
1684:
1661:
1656:
1643:
1630:
1624:
4394:Scientific Notation to Decimal Converter
4389:Decimal to Scientific Notation Converter
4283:(1 ed.). Salt Lake City: Springer.
2380:Next, add or subtract the significands:
714:
419:remains at least one but less than ten (
320:
76:
4112:HP16C Emulator Library for the HP48S/SX
2865:
1224:Further examples of scientific notation
1050:text encoding (1964), and was added to
1046:" character was included in the Soviet
445:. In normalized notation, the exponent
3988:Various (2000). Lide, David R. (ed.).
3210:
2702:This is closely related to the base-2
319:, as in ordinary decimal notation. In
4421:Lessons In Electric Circuits Vol 1 DC
4253:The IEEE and The Open Group (2013) .
3095:, Compaq/Digital Visual Fortran, and
2788:conversion specifiers. Starting with
323:, the exponent is chosen so that the
7:
4399:Scientific Notation in Everyday Life
4124:(NB. This library also works on the
3343:(Working Group Document), L2/08-030R
3091:For instance, DEC FORTRAN 77 (f77),
969:as of 1961) also use "D" to signify
4154:Martin, Bruce Alan (October 1968).
1524:
1489:
1479:
1473:
993:
30:. For the food additive codes, see
4279:Beebe, Nelson H. F. (2017-08-22).
4259:The Open Group Base Specifications
4039:"Zimbabwe inflation hits new high"
3771:Whitaker, Ronald O. (1962-06-15).
2765:family of functions following the
1581:places to the left (or right) and
1442: %, or more simply a rate of
1354:. In scientific notation, this is
14:
4079:. 1974. p. 7. 1304-389 Rev A
3990:Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
3130:Intel Fortran: Language Reference
2642:using binary numbers (or shorter
258:times ten raised to the power of
4136:. Beyond the feature set of the
1094:supports the shorthand notation
461:for all elements of the series.
331:is at least 1 but less than 10.
3804:Moller, Donald A. (June 1976).
3712:電言板5 PC-1490UII PROGRAM LIBRARY
3494:– In the January 1976 issue of
3332:Broukhis, Leonid (2008-01-22),
3240:. The Early Days of Hexadecimal
1125:calculator display showing the
4077:Texas Instruments Incorporated
4013:Kadzere, Martin (2008-10-09).
3463:(1). Santa Ana, CA: 4. V3N1P4.
3401:Texas Instruments Incorporated
3295:(1–3): 1–236. September 1973.
3101:"Double Precision, REAL**16".
2744:= 1.40H0 = 1.40h0, or 98000 =
2667:Brookhaven National Laboratory
2439:
2413:
2154:
2145:
1533:digits to the right (positive
524:| < 1000, rather than 1 ≤ |
1:
4409:Scientific Notation Converter
3723:電言板6 PC-U6000 PROGRAM LIBRARY
3674:. 1989. 9G1KS(TINSE1189ECZZ).
3269:, Computer Science Department
3109:Digital Equipment Corporation
3074:. Math.hawaii.edu. 2012-02-12
642:can properly be expressed as
327:(modulus) of the significand
4427:Lessons In Electric Circuits
4045:. 2008-10-09. Archived from
3925:10.1103/RevModPhys.88.035009
3742:TI calculator character sets
3232:Savard, John J. G. (2018) .
483:other than 10 (for example,
62:in the United Kingdom. This
3161:Compaq Computer Corporation
2371:{\displaystyle n_{0}=n_{1}}
568:indicated to be significant
4470:
3748:"TI-83 Programmer's Guide"
3482:(6). Dayton, OH: 1. V1N6P1
2731:times 16 or 8 to the power
1484:. To represent the number
879:for a decimal significand
559:
501:
429:). Thus 350 is written as
356:
344:
25:
18:
4289:10.1007/978-3-319-64110-2
4161:Communications of the ACM
3974:10.1007/s10569-011-9352-4
3884:Reviews of Modern Physics
2780:standard, when using the
2771:Single Unix Specification
660:, which is shorthand for
21:Scientific pitch notation
4329:"floating point literal"
3722:
3711:
3178:The GNU Fortran Compiler
4075:(Revision A ed.).
3498:(V3N1p4) Jim Davidson (
3389:Such as the TI SR-10.
2755:= 2.7732o5 = 2.7732C5.
1492:appended, resulting in
1065:DECIMAL EXPONENT SYMBOL
42:is a way of expressing
4142:floating-point numbers
3992:(81st ed.). CRC.
3348:"The Unicode Standard"
2898:Edwards, John (2009).
2682:decimal representation
2592:
2466:
2372:
2332:
2272:
2201:
2069:
1940:
1839:
1733:
1673:
1374:, this may be written
1130:
1104:mathematical constant
1098:(reserving the letter
959:SHARE Operating System
629:Estimated final digits
411:is chosen so that the
335:Decimal floating point
72:scientific calculators
4444:Mathematical notation
4175:10.1145/364096.364107
3844:"Scientific Notation"
3560:Specifically, models
3234:"Computer Arithmetic"
3104:DEC Fortran 77 Manual
3045:10.1145/320964.320969
2593:
2467:
2373:
2333:
2273:
2202:
2070:
1941:
1840:
1734:
1674:
1519:Scientific to decimal
1464:Decimal to scientific
1341:Earth's circumference
1117:
883:and integer exponent
520:is in the range 1 ≤ |
68:arithmetic operations
4017:. Harare, Zimbabwe:
3773:"Numerical Prefixes"
3520:will now be written
3421:Jim Davidson coined
3403:. 1973. 1304-739-266
2991:, ed. (1956-10-15).
2964:, ed. (1954-11-10).
2824:Engineering notation
2710:(e.g. 1B10 for 1×2 (
2699:or shorter 1.001B3.
2478:
2384:
2342:
2282:
2222:
2079:
1952:
1849:
1756:
1683:
1623:
1537:) or left (negative
1016:. Subsequently, the
504:Engineering notation
498:Engineering notation
466:engineering notation
293:and the real number
83:Scientific notation
4415:Scientific Notation
4367:. Lexical Structure
4208:. 1.20 (1 ed.)
4115:. 1.20 (1 ed.)
3965:2011CeMDA.110..293L
3907:2016RvMP...88c5009M
3350:(v. 7.0.0 ed.)
3267:Stanford University
2962:Backus, John Warner
2836:Positional notation
2769:specification and (
1948:Some examples are:
1193:for the separator.
975:quadruple precision
705:confidence interval
562:Significant figures
556:Significant figures
439:orders of magnitude
353:Normalized notation
321:normalized notation
283:terminating decimal
56:standard index form
40:Scientific notation
3311:10.1007/BF00265077
3031:Journal of the ACM
2588:
2462:
2368:
2328:
2268:
2197:
2065:
1936:
1835:
1729:
1669:
1455:Converting numbers
1381:40 megametres
1216:) that is allowed
1135:pocket calculators
1131:
887:means the same as
718:Explicit notation
4365:Apple Corporation
4298:978-3-319-64109-6
3999:978-0-8493-0481-1
3692:Sharp Corporation
3672:Sharp Corporation
3648:Sharp Corporation
3621:Sharp Corporation
3446:Texas Instruments
3138:Intel Corporation
2938:978-0-8412-3999-9
2722:), 1B40 for 1×2 (
2718:), 1B30 for 1×2 (
2714:), 1B20 for 1×2 (
2663:Bruce Alan Martin
2123:
1901:
1874:
1432:Zimbabwean dollar
1343:is approximately
1233:'s mass is about
1191:
1175:Texas Instruments
1150:, as seen in the
1142:, as seen in the
1127:Avogadro constant
1120:Texas Instruments
863:computer programs
856:
855:
512:is restricted to
443:common logarithms
359:Normalized number
243:
242:
80:Decimal notation
4461:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4372:
4353:
4347:
4346:
4340:
4339:
4333:cppreference.com
4325:
4319:
4318:
4276:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4266:
4250:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4240:
4234:
4226:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4213:
4199:
4188:
4187:
4177:
4151:
4145:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4106:
4089:
4087:
4085:
4084:
4074:
4064:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4054:
4035:
4029:
4028:
4026:
4025:
4010:
4004:
4003:
3985:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3943:
3937:
3936:
3918:
3900:
3874:
3868:
3866:
3861:. Archived from
3853:
3851:
3850:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3829:
3824:. Archived from
3819:
3817:
3816:
3810:
3800:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3777:
3768:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3752:
3738:
3732:
3730:
3719:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3700:
3689:
3675:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3656:
3645:
3631:
3629:
3628:
3618:
3558:
3552:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3526:
3523:
3519:
3509:
3488:
3487:
3473:
3464:
3419:
3413:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3398:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3366:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3344:
3338:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3304:
3289:Acta Informatica
3284:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3264:
3255:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3229:
3223:
3222:
3216:
3208:
3197:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3158:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3135:
3126:
3116:
3115:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3068:
3062:
3060:
3047:
3021:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3004:. pp. 9, 27
2999:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2972:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2906:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2884:978-8-89385052-0
2870:
2819:
2754:
2743:
2698:
2687:
2679:
2656:
2645:
2641:
2630:
2620:) is written as
2597:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2565:
2564:
2543:
2542:
2521:
2520:
2499:
2498:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2438:
2437:
2425:
2424:
2409:
2408:
2396:
2395:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2367:
2366:
2354:
2353:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2325:
2324:
2307:
2306:
2294:
2293:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2265:
2264:
2247:
2246:
2234:
2233:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2177:
2176:
2158:
2157:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2101:
2100:
2099:
2083:
2074:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2064:
2063:
2042:
2041:
2020:
2019:
1992:
1991:
1973:
1972:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1932:
1920:
1919:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1890:
1889:
1880:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1863:
1862:
1853:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1819:
1818:
1801:
1800:
1791:
1790:
1778:
1777:
1768:
1767:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1708:
1707:
1695:
1694:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1648:
1647:
1635:
1634:
1615:Basic operations
1610:
1608:
1602:
1600:
1594:
1592:
1567:
1566:
1560:
1558:
1552:
1548:
1546:
1528:
1514:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1499:
1497:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1478:; to the right,
1477:
1449:
1447:
1441:
1439:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1408:
1406:
1397:
1382:
1377:
1372:SI writing style
1369:
1367:
1361:
1359:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1335:
1333:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1192:
1189:
1171:pocket computers
1165:
1149:
1141:
1101:
1097:
1089:
1081:
1077:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1041:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1015:
1007:
999:
971:double precision
929:
925:
920:
918:
911:
907:
902:
900:
893:
878:
852:
847:
845:
836:
831:
829:
820:
815:
813:
804:
799:
797:
788:
783:
781:
772:
767:
765:
762:
753:
748:
746:
737:
732:
730:
715:
703:, or some other
698:
696:
690:
688:
684:
681:
678:
674:
671:
668:
665:
659:
657:
653:
650:
647:
624:
622:
619:
613:
611:
608:
602:
600:
594:
593:
590:
579:
578:
575:
551:
549:
543:
539:
537:
493:
492:
488:
456:
454:
436:
434:
428:
426:
399:
397:
391:
389:
383:
381:
375:
374:
370:
313:common logarithm
239:
237:
230:
229:
226:
223:
214:
212:
205:
198:
196:
189:
182:
180:
173:
172:
169:
166:
157:
155:
148:
147:
138:
136:
133:
126:
124:
115:
113:
106:
99:
97:
90:
77:
4469:
4468:
4464:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4459:
4458:
4454:Numeral systems
4434:
4433:
4424:free ebook and
4385:
4380:
4379:
4370:
4368:
4355:
4354:
4350:
4337:
4335:
4327:
4326:
4322:
4299:
4278:
4277:
4273:
4264:
4262:
4252:
4251:
4247:
4238:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4227:
4220:
4211:
4209:
4201:
4200:
4191:
4153:
4152:
4148:
4118:
4116:
4108:
4107:
4092:
4082:
4080:
4072:
4066:
4065:
4061:
4052:
4050:
4037:
4036:
4032:
4023:
4021:
4012:
4011:
4007:
4000:
3987:
3986:
3982:
3945:
3944:
3940:
3916:10.1.1.150.1225
3876:
3875:
3871:
3857:
3848:
3846:
3842:
3836:
3834:
3830:
3820:
3814:
3812:
3808:
3803:
3801:
3797:
3787:
3785:
3775:
3770:
3769:
3765:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3746:
3739:
3735:
3724:
3721:
3713:
3710:
3704:
3702:
3698:
3687:
3676:
3666:
3660:
3658:
3654:
3643:
3632:
3626:
3624:
3616:
3605:
3559:
3555:
3540:
3538:
3529:
3521:
3517:
3507:
3485:
3483:
3471:
3466:
3452:
3444:newsletter for
3433:Hewlett-Packard
3431:newsletter for
3420:
3416:
3406:
3404:
3396:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3375:
3373:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3353:
3351:
3346:
3336:
3331:
3330:
3326:
3302:10.1.1.219.3999
3286:
3285:
3281:
3272:
3270:
3262:
3257:
3256:
3252:
3243:
3241:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3209:
3199:
3198:
3194:
3184:
3182:
3174:
3166:
3164:
3156:
3150:
3143:
3141:
3133:
3127:
3113:
3111:
3100:
3090:
3086:
3077:
3075:
3070:
3069:
3065:
3023:
3022:
3018:
3013:(2+51+1 pages)
3007:
3005:
2997:
2987:
2979:
2977:
2970:
2960:
2958:
2954:
2939:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2885:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2862:
2847:Suzhou numerals
2832:
2817:
2813:
2775:IEEE Std 1003.1
2753:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2708:binary prefixes
2697:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2669:in 1968, as in
2660:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2619:
2611:
2603:
2575:
2553:
2531:
2509:
2487:
2476:
2475:
2450:
2445:
2429:
2416:
2400:
2387:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2358:
2345:
2340:
2339:
2316:
2311:
2298:
2285:
2280:
2279:
2256:
2251:
2238:
2225:
2220:
2219:
2187:
2168:
2134:
2109:
2102:
2091:
2084:
2077:
2076:
2052:
2030:
2002:
1983:
1961:
1950:
1949:
1924:
1911:
1906:
1891:
1881:
1864:
1854:
1847:
1846:
1823:
1810:
1805:
1792:
1782:
1769:
1759:
1754:
1753:
1717:
1712:
1699:
1686:
1681:
1680:
1657:
1652:
1639:
1626:
1621:
1620:
1617:
1612:
1606:
1604:
1598:
1596:
1590:
1588:
1574:
1564:
1562:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1544:
1542:
1521:
1510:
1508:
1503:
1501:
1495:
1493:
1485:
1466:
1457:
1445:
1443:
1437:
1435:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1409:to the nearest
1404:
1402:
1395:
1380:
1375:
1365:
1363:
1357:
1355:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1331:
1329:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1226:
1202:
1188:
1156:Hewlett-Packard
1152:Commodore PR100
1147:
1139:
1064:
1061:
1056:
1055:
1045:
1040:
1037:
1005:
997:
991:
916:
914:
898:
896:
888:
874: E
870:
843:
841:
827:
825:
811:
809:
795:
793:
779:
777:
763:
760:
758:
744:
742:
728:
726:
713:
694:
692:
686:
682:
679:
676:
672:
669:
666:
663:
661:
655:
651:
648:
645:
643:
631:
620:
617:
615:
609:
606:
604:
598:
596:
591:
588:
586:
576:
573:
571:
564:
558:
547:
545:
541:
535:
533:
506:
500:
490:
486:
484:
452:
450:
432:
430:
422:
420:
395:
393:
387:
385:
379:
377:
372:
368:
364:
361:
355:
350:
343:
309:fractional part
285:). The integer
252:
235:
233:
227:
224:
221:
219:
210:
208:
203:
194:
192:
187:
178:
176:
170:
167:
164:
162:
153:
151:
145:
143:
134:
131:
129:
122:
120:
111:
109:
104:
95:
93:
88:
52:scientific form
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4467:
4465:
4457:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4436:
4435:
4432:
4431:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4384:
4383:External links
4381:
4378:
4377:
4348:
4320:
4297:
4271:
4245:
4218:
4189:
4146:
4090:
4059:
4030:
4005:
3998:
3980:
3959:(4): 293–304.
3938:
3869:
3865:on 2015-05-03.
3828:on 2007-10-19.
3795:
3763:
3733:
3553:
3546:(NB. The term
3414:
3382:
3361:
3324:
3279:
3250:
3224:
3203:, ed. (1960).
3192:
3172:(1441 pages)
3084:
3063:
3038:(2): 141–144.
3016:
2952:
2937:
2917:
2890:
2883:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2850:
2844:
2838:
2831:
2828:
2815:
2751:
2747:
2740:
2736:
2704:floating-point
2695:
2691:
2676:
2672:
2658:
2653:
2649:
2638:
2634:
2627:
2623:
2617:
2609:
2602:
2599:
2585:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2563:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2541:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2519:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2497:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2483:
2457:
2453:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2412:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2390:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2352:
2348:
2323:
2319:
2314:
2310:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2292:
2288:
2263:
2259:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2218:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2105:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2087:
2062:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1971:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1905:
1898:
1894:
1888:
1884:
1878:
1871:
1867:
1861:
1857:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1804:
1799:
1795:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1766:
1762:
1750:exponentiation
1742:Multiplication
1724:
1720:
1715:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1693:
1689:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1633:
1629:
1616:
1613:
1587:
1573:
1570:
1541:). The number
1520:
1517:
1465:
1462:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1427:Hyperinflation
1424:
1391:is defined as
1385:
1337:
1289:
1225:
1222:
1201:
1198:
1054:5.2 (2009) as
1043:
1038:
995:
989:
961:(SOS) for the
922:is written as
904:is written as
894:. For example
854:
853:
848:
838:
837:
832:
822:
821:
816:
806:
805:
800:
790:
789:
784:
774:
773:
768:
755:
754:
749:
739:
738:
733:
723:
722:
719:
712:
709:
701:standard error
630:
627:
560:Main article:
557:
554:
502:Main article:
499:
496:
427:| < 10
413:absolute value
357:Main article:
354:
351:
342:
339:
325:absolute value
297:is called the
289:is called the
247:
241:
240:
231:
216:
215:
206:
200:
199:
190:
184:
183:
174:
159:
158:
149:
140:
139:
127:
117:
116:
107:
101:
100:
91:
85:
84:
81:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4466:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4429:
4428:
4423:
4422:
4418:chapter from
4417:
4416:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4386:
4382:
4366:
4362:
4358:
4352:
4349:
4345:
4334:
4330:
4324:
4321:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4275:
4272:
4260:
4256:
4249:
4246:
4231:
4225:
4223:
4219:
4207:
4206:
4198:
4196:
4194:
4190:
4185:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4162:
4157:
4150:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4114:
4113:
4105:
4103:
4101:
4099:
4097:
4095:
4091:
4078:
4071:
4070:
4063:
4060:
4049:on 2009-05-14
4048:
4044:
4040:
4034:
4031:
4020:
4016:
4009:
4006:
4001:
3995:
3991:
3984:
3981:
3975:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3942:
3939:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3908:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3891:(3): 035009.
3890:
3886:
3885:
3880:
3873:
3870:
3867:
3864:
3860:
3855:
3845:
3833:
3827:
3823:
3807:
3799:
3796:
3783:
3782:
3778:. Crosstalk.
3774:
3767:
3764:
3761:
3749:
3743:
3737:
3734:
3731:
3728:
3717:
3701:on 2017-02-24
3697:
3693:
3690:(in German).
3685:
3681:
3680:
3673:
3669:
3657:on 2017-02-25
3653:
3649:
3646:(in German).
3641:
3637:
3636:
3622:
3619:(in German).
3614:
3610:
3609:
3603:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3563:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3525:
3515:
3514:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3493:
3481:
3477:
3470:
3462:
3458:
3457:
3450:
3447:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3434:
3430:
3429:
3424:
3418:
3415:
3402:
3395:
3394:
3386:
3383:
3372:. August 1986
3371:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3349:
3342:
3335:
3328:
3325:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3283:
3280:
3268:
3261:
3254:
3251:
3239:
3235:
3228:
3225:
3220:
3214:
3207:. Copenhagen.
3206:
3202:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3180:
3179:
3163:. August 2001
3162:
3155:
3154:
3149:(858 pages)
3139:
3132:
3131:
3125:
3123:
3122:Alpha systems
3110:
3106:
3105:
3098:
3094:
3093:Intel Fortran
3088:
3085:
3073:
3067:
3064:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3003:
2996:
2995:
2990:
2976:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2956:
2953:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2934:
2930:
2929:
2921:
2918:
2903:
2902:
2894:
2891:
2886:
2880:
2876:
2869:
2866:
2859:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2841:ISO/IEC 80000
2839:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2811:
2810:IEEE 754-2008
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2763:
2756:
2733:as in 1.25 =
2732:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2700:
2683:
2668:
2664:
2615:
2606:
2600:
2598:
2583:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2561:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2539:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2517:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2495:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2481:
2472:
2455:
2451:
2446:
2442:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2410:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2392:
2388:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2350:
2346:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2308:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2290:
2286:
2261:
2257:
2252:
2248:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2217:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2151:
2148:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2085:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1969:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1946:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1903:
1896:
1892:
1886:
1882:
1876:
1869:
1865:
1859:
1855:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1760:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1627:
1614:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1571:
1569:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1527:
1518:
1516:
1515:as a result.
1500:. The number
1482:
1476:
1471:
1463:
1461:
1454:
1433:
1428:
1425:
1412:
1401:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1373:
1342:
1338:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1200:Use of spaces
1199:
1197:
1194:
1187:
1186:small capital
1183:
1179:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1145:
1136:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1110:
1108:
1107:
1093:
1085:
1073:
1068:
1053:
1049:
1042:. The ALGOL "
1019:
1011:
1003:
987:
982:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
931:
921:
903:
891:
886:
882:
877:
873:
868:
864:
860:
849:
840:
839:
833:
824:
823:
817:
808:
807:
801:
792:
791:
785:
776:
775:
769:
757:
756:
750:
741:
740:
734:
725:
724:
720:
717:
716:
710:
708:
706:
702:
641:
635:
628:
626:
595:would become
582:
569:
563:
555:
553:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
505:
497:
495:
482:
478:
474:
472:
467:
462:
460:
448:
444:
440:
425:
418:
414:
410:
406:
401:
367:
360:
352:
348:
340:
338:
336:
332:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
301:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
277:is a nonzero
276:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
250:
246:
232:
218:
217:
207:
202:
201:
191:
186:
185:
175:
161:
160:
150:
142:
141:
128:
119:
118:
108:
103:
102:
92:
87:
86:
82:
79:
78:
75:
73:
69:
65:
61:
60:standard form
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
22:
4426:
4420:
4414:
4369:. Retrieved
4360:
4351:
4344:description.
4342:
4336:. Retrieved
4332:
4323:
4280:
4274:
4263:. Retrieved
4258:
4248:
4237:. Retrieved
4210:. Retrieved
4204:
4165:
4159:
4149:
4117:. Retrieved
4111:
4081:. Retrieved
4068:
4062:
4051:. Retrieved
4047:the original
4033:
4022:. Retrieved
4008:
3989:
3983:
3956:
3952:
3941:
3888:
3882:
3872:
3863:the original
3856:
3847:. Retrieved
3835:. Retrieved
3826:the original
3813:. Retrieved
3798:
3786:. Retrieved
3779:
3766:
3754:. Retrieved
3745:
3736:
3726:
3720:
3715:
3703:. Retrieved
3696:the original
3683:
3678:
3667:
3659:. Retrieved
3652:the original
3639:
3634:
3625:. Retrieved
3612:
3607:
3600:(1993), and
3556:
3547:
3539:. Retrieved
3534:
3511:
3491:
3490:
3484:. Retrieved
3479:
3475:
3465:
3460:
3454:
3439:
3426:
3422:
3417:
3405:. Retrieved
3392:
3385:
3374:. Retrieved
3364:
3352:. Retrieved
3345:
3340:
3327:
3292:
3288:
3282:
3271:. Retrieved
3253:
3242:. Retrieved
3237:
3227:
3204:
3195:
3183:. Retrieved
3181:. 2014-06-12
3177:
3173:
3165:. Retrieved
3152:
3142:. Retrieved
3129:
3118:
3112:. Retrieved
3103:
3099:(gfortran)
3087:
3076:. Retrieved
3066:
3057:
3035:
3029:
3019:
3006:. Retrieved
2993:
2989:Sayre, David
2986:
2985:(29 pages)
2978:. Retrieved
2966:
2955:
2927:
2920:
2909:. Retrieved
2900:
2893:
2874:
2868:
2822:
2785:
2781:
2760:
2757:
2730:
2728:
2701:
2607:
2604:
2601:Other bases
2474:An example:
2473:
2379:
2208:
1947:
1740:
1618:
1582:
1578:
1575:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1467:
1458:
1423:, or beyond.
1396:25.4 mm
1392:
1379:
1217:
1203:
1195:
1159:
1154:). In 1976,
1132:
1111:
1105:
1088:6.022&23
1069:
983:
932:
889:
884:
880:
875:
871:
857:
636:
632:
583:
565:
542:12.5 nm
525:
521:
517:
509:
507:
476:
469:
463:
458:
446:
423:
416:
408:
404:
402:
365:
362:
333:
328:
316:
304:
298:
294:
286:
274:
263:
259:
255:
253:
248:
244:
59:
55:
51:
48:decimal form
39:
38:
36:
4449:Measurement
4168:(10): 658.
3784:. p. 4
3781:Electronics
3531:"Decapower"
3469:"Decapower"
3341:unicode.org
3201:Naur, Peter
3159:. Houston:
3097:GNU Fortran
2214:subtraction
1572:Exponential
1210:typesetting
1092:Mathematica
867:superscript
859:Calculators
721:E notation
711:E notation
530:SI prefixes
471:exponential
300:significand
279:real number
272:coefficient
4438:Categories
4371:2017-03-11
4338:2017-03-11
4307:2017947446
4265:2016-06-21
4239:2010-10-17
4212:2015-08-15
4119:2015-08-15
4083:2017-03-20
4053:2009-10-09
4024:2008-10-10
4019:The Herald
3898:1507.07956
3849:2007-04-07
3837:2007-04-07
3815:2015-08-19
3788:2022-12-24
3756:2010-03-09
3705:2017-02-24
3661:2017-02-25
3627:2017-03-06
3582:PC-1490UII
3541:2018-05-07
3510: [
3486:2017-05-28
3407:2023-01-01
3399:. Dallas:
3376:2009-10-06
3354:2018-03-23
3273:2017-04-08
3244:2018-07-16
3185:2022-12-21
3167:2022-12-22
3144:2022-12-22
3114:2022-12-21
3078:2012-03-06
3008:2022-07-04
2980:2022-07-04
2911:2013-03-30
2860:References
2644:1.001 × 10
1421:10 mm
1407:10 mm
1400:millimeter
1376:40 Mm
1334:10 kg
1286:10 kg
1214:thin space
1208:(which in
1133:The first
1123:TI-84 Plus
1080:&&
1048:GOST 10859
967:FORTRAN IV
951:JavaScript
771:4.321768E3
689:10 kg
658:10 kg
421:1 ≤ |
405:normalized
270:, and the
3911:CiteSeerX
3740:Also see
3604:(1993).
3548:decapower
3492:Decapower
3423:decapower
3297:CiteSeerX
3238:quadibloc
3213:cite book
2686:1.125 × 2
2581:−
2573:×
2559:−
2551:×
2537:−
2529:×
2515:−
2507:×
2493:−
2485:×
2443:×
2427:±
2398:±
2309:×
2249:×
2185:×
2166:×
2149:−
2143:−
2132:×
2126:≈
2115:−
2107:×
2089:×
2058:−
2050:×
2036:−
2028:×
2008:−
2000:×
1994:≈
1981:×
1975:×
1967:−
1959:×
1922:−
1904:×
1803:×
1710:×
1650:×
1551:1,230,400
1486:1,230,400
1411:nanometer
1368:10 m
1360:10 m
1299:is about
1160:decapower
1096:6.022*^23
1086:), as in
1014:6.022ю+23
1006:6.022'+23
550:10 m
538:10 m
514:multiples
4315:30244721
4184:28248410
4043:BBC News
3793:(1 page)
3602:PC-U6000
3596:(1990),
3592:(1995),
3590:PC-E500S
3588:(1988),
3584:(1991),
3580:(1990),
3578:PC-1490U
3576:(1988),
3574:PC-1480U
3572:(1987),
3568:(1987),
3566:PC-1470U
3564:(1987),
3522:1.23D-43
3518:1.23 -43
3504:exponent
3496:65-Notes
3456:65 Notes
3451:users.
3441:52-Notes
3428:65 Notes
3054:19660148
2947:62872860
2853:RKM code
2830:See also
2210:Addition
1746:division
1553:, while
1326: kg
1272: kg
1231:electron
1164:6.022D23
1140:6.022 23
1102:for the
1062:⏨
1018:ALGOL 68
1012:", e.g.
986:ALGOL 60
910:6.022e23
906:6.022E23
473:notation
305:mantissa
291:exponent
262:, where
64:base ten
32:E number
28:E series
4430:series.
3961:Bibcode
3933:1115862
3903:Bibcode
3598:PC-E650
3594:PC-E550
3586:PC-E500
3570:PC-1475
3562:PC-1280
3319:2490556
1555:−4.0321
1509:−4.0321
1393:exactly
1352: m
1052:Unicode
1002:ALGOL W
963:IBM 709
955:IBM 704
935:Fortran
928:1.6e-35
924:1.6E-35
851:7.51E-9
341:History
311:of the
268:integer
44:numbers
4313:
4305:
4295:
4182:
4138:HP-16C
4126:HP 48G
3996:
3931:
3913:
3686:]
3642:]
3615:]
3317:
3299:
3052:
2945:
2935:
2881:
2762:printf
2746:2.7732
2614:binary
1611:= 1234
1563:−0.004
1543:1.2304
1502:−0.004
1494:1.2304
1330:5.9724
1148:6.022
1072:Simula
1059:
1057:U+23E8
979:MATLAB
977:. The
949:, and
947:Python
912:, and
835:9.87E2
803:6.72E9
787:-5.3E4
662:(1.672
640:proton
597:1.2304
266:is an
4311:S2CID
4233:(PDF)
4180:S2CID
4073:(PDF)
3929:S2CID
3893:arXiv
3809:(PDF)
3776:(PDF)
3751:(PDF)
3725:[
3714:[
3699:(PDF)
3688:(PDF)
3682:[
3655:(PDF)
3644:(PDF)
3638:[
3617:(PDF)
3611:[
3500:HP-65
3472:(PDF)
3449:SR-52
3436:HP-65
3397:(PDF)
3337:(PDF)
3315:S2CID
3263:(PDF)
3157:(PDF)
3134:(PDF)
3050:S2CID
2998:(PDF)
2971:(PDF)
2905:(PDF)
2814:1.3DE
2806:Swift
2802:Apple
2798:C++17
2790:C++11
2778:POSIX
2690:1.001
2671:1.001
2648:1.001
2633:1.001
2622:1.001
2570:2.907
2548:0.567
2338:with
2163:0.413
2129:0.413
1605:123.4
1597:12.34
1589:1.234
1414:2.540
1370:. In
1293:Earth
1276:9.109
1235:0.000
1206:space
1182:TI-84
1178:TI-83
1168:Sharp
1144:HP-25
1076:&
1074:uses
1036:, or
994:6.022
897:6.022
759:4.321
675:0.000
644:1.672
616:1.230
605:1.230
481:bases
220:0.000
130:4.321
70:. On
58:, or
4303:LCCN
4293:ISBN
3994:ISBN
3219:link
2943:OCLC
2933:ISBN
2879:ISBN
2750:× 10
2739:× 10
2735:1.40
2726:)).
2724:tebi
2720:gibi
2716:mebi
2712:kibi
2694:× 10
2637:× 10
2526:2.34
2504:5.67
2482:2.34
2278:and
2212:and
2182:4.13
2104:5.67
2086:2.34
2075:and
2047:1.33
2025:13.3
1997:13.3
1978:2.34
1956:5.67
1845:and
1744:and
1679:and
1565:0321
1525:× 10
1504:0321
1490:× 10
1480:× 10
1474:× 10
1444:7.96
1436:7.96
1416:0000
1403:2.54
1389:inch
1339:The
1297:mass
1291:The
1218:only
1180:and
1084:long
1082:for
1078:(or
984:The
892:× 10
861:and
842:7.51
826:9.87
819:2E-1
794:6.72
778:−5.3
654:(51)
546:1.25
534:12.5
485:3.15
251:× 10
234:7.51
209:9.87
177:6.72
152:−5.3
125:.768
4285:doi
4170:doi
3969:doi
3957:110
3921:doi
3744:.
3513:sic
3508:123
3307:doi
3040:doi
2818:× 2
2804:'s
2794:C++
2784:or
2767:C99
2675:B11
2665:of
2652:E11
2631:or
2626:× 2
2616:(=9
2612:in
1387:An
1350:000
1347:000
1324:000
1321:000
1318:000
1315:000
1312:000
1309:000
1306:400
1303:972
1295:'s
1278:383
1270:356
1267:938
1264:910
1261:000
1258:000
1255:000
1252:000
1249:000
1246:000
1243:000
1240:000
1237:000
1229:An
1109:).
943:C++
926:or
915:1.6
908:or
761:768
752:3E2
736:2E0
693:5.1
680:000
677:000
667:923
664:621
649:923
646:621
618:400
614:or
592:400
589:230
577:400
574:230
494:).
431:3.5
415:of
403:In
394:350
392:or
384:or
378:3.5
303:or
254:or
225:007
222:000
204:987
188:0.2
171:000
168:000
165:720
146:000
144:−53
132:768
123:321
105:300
54:or
4440::
4363:.
4359:.
4341:.
4331:.
4309:.
4301:.
4291:.
4257:.
4221:^
4192:^
4178:.
4166:11
4164:.
4158:.
4134:G+
4130:GX
4093:^
4041:.
3967:.
3955:.
3951:.
3927:.
3919:.
3909:.
3901:.
3889:88
3887:.
3881:.
3670:.
3533:.
3489:.
3478:.
3474:.
3459:.
3339:,
3313:.
3305:.
3291:.
3265:.
3236:.
3215:}}
3211:{{
3136:.
3117:.
3107:.
3056:.
3048:.
3034:.
3028:.
2941:.
2820:.
2800:.
2792:,
2786:%A
2782:%a
2773:)
2684::
2577:10
2555:10
2533:10
2511:10
2489:10
2447:10
2313:10
2253:10
2189:10
2170:10
2136:10
2111:10
2093:10
2054:10
2032:10
2004:10
1985:10
1963:10
1908:10
1807:10
1752::
1714:10
1654:10
1609:10
1603:=
1601:10
1595:=
1593:10
1568:.
1559:10
1547:10
1513:10
1498:10
1448:10
1440:10
1384:).
1364:40
1345:40
1281:56
1118:A
1090:.
1067:.
1044:10
1039:10
1032:,
1028:,
1024:,
998:23
996:10
990:10
945:,
937:,
919:10
901:10
846:10
830:10
814:10
798:10
782:10
766:10
747:10
731:10
707:.
697:10
683:51
670:69
652:69
623:10
612:10
607:40
601:10
455:10
435:10
400:.
398:10
390:10
386:35
382:10
371:10
238:10
228:51
213:10
197:10
181:10
156:10
137:10
114:10
98:10
4374:.
4317:.
4287::
4268:.
4242:.
4215:.
4186:.
4172::
4132:/
4128:/
4122:.
4086:.
4056:.
4027:.
4002:.
3977:.
3971::
3963::
3935:.
3923::
3905::
3895::
3852:.
3840:.
3818:.
3791:.
3759:.
3708:.
3664:.
3630:.
3544:.
3480:1
3461:3
3410:.
3379:.
3357:.
3321:.
3309::
3293:5
3276:.
3247:.
3221:)
3188:.
3170:.
3147:.
3124:.
3081:.
3042::
3036:6
3011:.
2983:.
2949:.
2914:.
2887:.
2816:h
2752:o
2748:o
2741:h
2737:h
2696:b
2692:b
2677:b
2673:b
2659:b
2654:b
2650:b
2639:b
2635:b
2628:d
2624:b
2618:d
2610:b
2584:5
2567:=
2562:5
2545:+
2540:5
2523:=
2518:6
2501:+
2496:5
2456:0
2452:n
2440:)
2435:1
2431:m
2422:0
2418:m
2414:(
2411:=
2406:1
2402:x
2393:0
2389:x
2364:1
2360:n
2356:=
2351:0
2347:n
2322:1
2318:n
2304:1
2300:m
2296:=
2291:1
2287:x
2262:0
2258:n
2244:0
2240:m
2236:=
2231:0
2227:x
2193:6
2179:=
2174:7
2160:=
2155:)
2152:5
2146:(
2140:2
2118:5
2097:2
2061:2
2044:=
2039:3
2022:=
2017:2
2014:+
2011:5
1989:2
1970:5
1930:1
1926:n
1917:0
1913:n
1897:1
1893:m
1887:0
1883:m
1877:=
1870:1
1866:x
1860:0
1856:x
1829:1
1825:n
1821:+
1816:0
1812:n
1798:1
1794:m
1788:0
1784:m
1780:=
1775:1
1771:x
1765:0
1761:x
1723:1
1719:n
1705:1
1701:m
1697:=
1692:1
1688:x
1663:0
1659:n
1645:0
1641:m
1637:=
1632:0
1628:x
1607:×
1599:×
1591:×
1583:x
1579:x
1557:×
1545:×
1539:n
1535:n
1531:n
1511:×
1496:×
1470:n
1450:.
1446:×
1438:×
1419:×
1405:×
1378:(
1366:×
1358:×
1356:4
1336:.
1332:×
1301:5
1288:.
1284:×
1190:E
1106:e
1100:E
1034:⊥
1030:\
1026:e
1022:E
1010:ю
941:/
939:C
917:×
899:×
890:m
885:n
881:m
876:n
872:m
844:×
828:×
812:×
810:2
796:×
780:×
764:×
745:×
743:3
729:×
727:2
695:×
687:×
685:)
673:±
656:×
621:×
610:×
599:×
587:1
572:1
548:×
536:×
526:m
522:m
518:m
510:n
491:^
489:2
487:×
477:m
459:m
453:×
451:5
447:n
433:×
424:m
417:m
409:n
396:×
388:×
380:×
373:^
369:×
366:m
349:.
329:m
317:m
295:m
287:n
275:m
264:n
260:n
256:m
249:m
236:×
211:×
195:×
193:2
179:×
163:6
154:×
135:×
121:4
112:×
110:3
96:×
94:2
89:2
34:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.