Knowledge (XXG)

Scientific transliteration of Cyrillic

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as is the orthography of the language transliterated. The deviations are with щ, where the transliteration makes clear that two phonemes are involved, and џ, where it fails to represent the (monophonemic) affricate with a single letter. The transliteration system is based on the
3149: 2648:, 47 (4):backmatter—every issue of this journal has a transliteration reference in the back, including a table labelled “ISO Transliteration System”, although it is different from the latest version of ISO 9:1995. 164:
and is now restricted to a one-to-one mapping of letters. It thus allows for unambiguous reverse transliteration into the original Cyrillic text and is language-independent.
2740:— online service of scientific transliteration to and from Ukrainian. Also supports ISO 9, BGN/PCGN, ALA-LC and other standards of Ukrainian transliteration. (in Ukrainian) 2403:( ) Letters in parentheses are older or alternative transliterations. Ukrainian and Belarusian apostrophe are not transcribed. The early Cyrillic letter 217: 2734:
Bi-directional online transliteration of Russian for ALA-LC (diacritics), scientific, ISO/R 9, ISO 9, GOST 7.79B and others. Supports Old Slavonic characters
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to a certain degree, the latest version of the ISO standard (ISO 9:1995) has abandoned this concept, which was still found in
142:(PI), which were adopted in Central Europe and Scandinavia. Scientific transliteration can also be used to romanize the early 77:
Scientific transliteration of Cyrillic into Latin was first introduced in 1898 as part of the standardization process for the
2710: 3054: 2507: 80: 3129: 2993: 2983: 2978: 2938: 2896: 2876: 2758: 2675: 2485: 2470: 2001: 27:"Transliteration of Cyrillic" redirects here. For the broader topic of all forms of romanization of Cyrillic, see 3205: 3109: 2973: 2968: 2911: 2881: 2803: 2500: 2475: 3139: 3124: 3089: 2948: 2923: 2871: 2834: 2667:. URL accessed on 2009-05-27 (PDF format, in German)—ISO/R 9 1968 standardization of scientific transliteration 2664: 187:
for Cyrillic Щ, and had a number of other differences. Most countries using Cyrillic script now have adopted
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transliteration standard. While linguistic transliteration tries to preserve the original language's
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and was thus omitted. Prussian Instructions and ISO 9:1995 are provided for comparison.
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Scientific transliteration is often adapted to serve as a phonetic alphabet.
2594: 2556: 2295: 2053: 1833: 188: 94: 2731: 2706:—history of the transliteration of Slavic languages into Latin alphabets 2260: 2105: 1472: 880: 207: 203: 199: 195: 130:
in Serbo-Croatian, but in German-speaking countries the native digraph
106:, in which each letter corresponds directly to a Cyrillic letter in 194:
Representing all of the necessary diacritics on computers requires
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The Conversion of Scripts: Its Nature, History, and Utilization
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The Conversion of Scripts: Its Nature, History, and Utilization
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IDS G.4: Transliteration der slavischen kyrillischen Alphabete
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Prussian Instructions, scientific transliteration, and ISO 9
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instead, which is not the same as ISO 9 but close to it.
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official standards, and was heavily based on the earlier
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Indicated by - (hyphen) if medial, disregarded if final.
2407:(Ҁ, ҁ) was used only for transliterating Greek and its 122:. The Cyrillic letter х, representing the sound as in 93:
The scientific transliteration system is roughly as
3157: 3077: 2817: 2781: 167:The previous official Soviet romanization system, 152:Scientific transliteration was the basis for the 2283: 2244: 1670: 1370: 1360: 940: 770: 146:, which has a close correspondence to Cyrillic. 3071:Transliteration and transcription into Cyrillic 2651:IDS (Informationsverbund Deutschschweiz, 2001) 2251: 2143: 2110: 454: 134:was used instead. It was codified in the 1898 3055: 2759: 2653:Katalogisierungsregeln IDS (KIDS), Anhänge, “ 34:Scientific transliteration, variously called 8: 2505: 78: 3062: 3048: 3040: 2766: 2752: 2744: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2373: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2359: 2357: 2355: 2353: 2727:Scientific transliteration from Russian 2605: 2603: 2532: 2349: 3180:Scientific transliteration of Cyrillic 66:). This system is most often seen in 2715:Cyrillic → Latin transliteration (LC) 2629:may be used for the proper character. 262: 259: 254: 251: 248: 245: 242: 7: 2782:By publisher (for several languages) 2722:Transliteration of Non-Roman Scripts 2642:(Winter 2003) "Transliteration", in 462: 411: 25: 1786: 1745: 465: 414: 50:, is an international system for 3148: 2645:Slavic and East European Journal 175:for Cyrillic х instead of Latin 3175:International Phonetic Alphabet 2516:ALA-LC romanization for Russian 2672:A Reference Grammar of Russian 2460:to transliterate the hard sign 2445:to transliterate the soft sign 1: 2818:By language or writing system 2458:MODIFIER LETTER DOUBLE PRIME 2430:for the Cyrillic apostrophe 227:scientific transliteration 3222: 2676:Cambridge University Press 2486:Romanization of Macedonian 2471:Romanization of Belarusian 2428:MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE 236: 26: 18:Scientific transliteration 3146: 2738:Ukrainian Transliteration 2670:Timberlake, Alan (2004), 2501:Romanization of Ukrainian 2476:Romanization of Bulgarian 2284: 2252: 2245: 2144: 2111: 1671: 1371: 1361: 941: 771: 455: 232: 229: 226: 223: 48:scholarly transliteration 3201:Romanization of Cyrillic 2717:. Cestovatelské stránky. 2508:Preußische Instruktionen 140:Preußische Instruktionen 81:Preußische Instruktionen 29:Romanization of Cyrillic 2697:Transliteration history 2496:Romanization of Serbian 2491:Romanization of Russian 2568:Timberlake 2004, p 24. 2506: 79: 2481:Romanization of Greek 2443:MODIFIER LETTER PRIME 2414:Unicode encoding is: 136:Prussian Instructions 2589:, pp. 260–262, 100:Gaj's Latin alphabet 3165:Alphabet comparison 2002: ʼ  220: 144:Glagolitic alphabet 2702:2007-12-13 at the 2665:Universität Zürich 218: 138:for libraries, or 3188: 3187: 3130:Moldovan Romanian 3037: 3036: 2585:, New York City: 2547:, New York City: 2346: 2345: 54:of text from the 16:(Redirected from 3213: 3206:Slavic languages 3152: 3114:Polivanov system 3078:Existing systems 3064: 3057: 3050: 3041: 2768: 2761: 2754: 2745: 2718: 2630: 2628: 2622: 2618: 2612: 2607: 2598: 2597: 2579:Hans H. Wellisch 2575: 2569: 2566: 2560: 2559: 2541:Hans H. 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939: 936: 933: 930: 928: 926: 924: 922: 920: 918: 916: 913: 912: 908: 905: 903: 901: 898: 895: 892: 889: 886: 884: 882: 879: 878: 874: 872: 870: 868: 865: 862: 860: 858: 856: 853: 851: 848: 847: 843: 840: 838: 836: 833: 830: 827: 824: 822: 819: 817: 814: 813: 809: 806: 803: 800: 797: 794: 792: 789: 786: 783: 781: 778: 777: 769: 767: 764: 762: 760: 758: 756: 754: 752: 749: 747: 744: 743: 739: 736: 733: 730: 727: 724: 721: 718: 715: 712: 710: 707: 706: 702: 699: 696: 693: 690: 687: 684: 681: 678: 675: 673: 670: 669: 665: 662: 660: 658: 655: 652: 650: 648: 646: 643: 641: 638: 637: 633: 630: 628: 626: 623: 621: 618: 615: 613: 611: 609: 606: 605: 601: 598: 595: 592: 589: 586: 583: 580: 577: 575: 573: 570: 569: 565: 562: 560: 557: 555: 553: 551: 549: 547: 545: 543: 540: 539: 535: 533: 530: 528: 526: 524: 522: 520: 518: 516: 514: 511: 510: 506: 503: 500: 497: 494: 491: 488: 485: 482: 479: 477: 474: 473: 453: 450: 448: 446: 443: 440: 437: 435: 433: 431: 429: 426: 425: 421: 407: 404: 401: 398: 395: 392: 389: 386: 383: 381: 378: 377: 373: 370: 367: 364: 361: 358: 355: 352: 349: 346: 344: 341: 340: 336: 333: 330: 327: 324: 321: 318: 315: 312: 309: 307: 304: 303: 299: 296: 293: 290: 287: 284: 281: 278: 275: 272: 270: 267: 266: 222: 213: 211: 209: 205: 201: 197: 192: 190: 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 169:GOST 16876-71 165: 163: 159: 158:pronunciation 155: 150: 147: 145: 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 121: 117: 113: 109: 105: 101: 96: 88: 86: 83: 82: 75: 73: 69: 65: 61: 57: 53: 49: 45: 44:international 41: 37: 30: 19: 3179: 2865:in Singapore 2775:Romanization 2714: 2671: 2652: 2643: 2627:}} 2621:{{ 2617:}} 2611:{{ 2582: 2573: 2564: 2544: 2535: 2413: 2402: 2392: 193: 184: 180: 176: 172: 166: 162:ISO/R 9:1968 151: 148: 139: 135: 131: 127: 123: 92: 76: 64:romanization 60:Latin script 47: 43: 39: 35: 33: 1145:nj (ň/ń/ņ) 263:Macedonian 249:Belarusian 112:Montenegrin 68:linguistics 3195:Categories 3029:Vietnamese 2897:Macedonian 2877:Belarusian 2637:References 2595:Q104231343 2557:Q104231343 1142:nj (ň/ń/ņ) 255:Carpathian 252:Ukrainian 243:Bulgarian 210:encoding. 40:linguistic 3158:Standards 2974:Maldivian 2969:Malayalam 2944:Inuktitut 2912:Ukrainian 2882:Bulgarian 2860:in Taiwan 1040:lj (ļ/ľ) 240:Slavonic 224:Cyrillic 189:GOST 7.79 3110:Japanese 2994:Sanskrit 2949:Japanese 2924:Georgian 2872:Cyrillic 2835:Armenian 2794:BGN/PCGN 2700:Archived 2624:hardsign 2614:softsign 2591:Wikidata 2581:(1978), 2553:Wikidata 2543:(1978), 2465:See also 2022:ʼ 1037:lj (ļ/ľ) 260:Serbian 246:Russian 102:used in 95:phonemic 36:academic 3125:Kurdish 3090:Chinese 3004:Tibetan 2989:Persian 2979:Marathi 2907:Serbian 2902:Russian 2855:Chinese 2850:Burmese 2840:Bengali 2825:Amharic 2661:Archive 2455:ʺ 2440:ʹ 2425:ʼ 1863:ʹ 1794:ʺ 1742:šč (št 208:Latin-7 204:Latin-4 200:Latin-2 196:Unicode 116:Serbian 108:Bosnian 89:Details 58:to the 3140:Uyghur 3135:Polish 3120:Korean 3100:German 3095:French 3085:Arabic 3024:Uyghur 3009:Telugu 2999:Syriac 2984:Nepali 2959:Korean 2934:Hebrew 2892:Kyrgyz 2887:Kazakh 2845:Berber 2830:Arabic 2789:ALA-LC 2682:  2593:  2555:  2452: 2450:U+02BA 2437: 2435:U+02B9 2422: 2420:U+02BC 2226:th (θ) 1853:ʹ 1850:ʹ 1847:ʹ 1844:ʹ 1776:ʺ 1769:ʺ 1661:dž (ģ) 1553:x (ch) 1550:x (ch) 1547:x (ch) 863:ji (ï) 750:ʒ (dz) 558:đ (dj) 531:ǵ (ģ) 257:Rusyn 238:Church 233:ISO 9 3105:Greek 2954:Khmer 2939:Hindi 2929:Greek 2917:Uzbek 2587:Wiley 2549:Wiley 2527:Notes 2405:koppa 1838:ь (ǐ) 1818:ŷ (y) 1804:y (ū) 1783:- (ŭ 1763:ъ (ǔ) 1483:ŭ (w) 1447:ОУ оу 798:y (î) 408:g (h 214:Table 206:, or 154:ISO 9 46:, or 3019:Urdu 3014:Thai 2809:Yale 2799:GOST 2680:ISBN 2619:and 2512:(PI) 2032:o, ô 1365:(ķ) 183:and 124:Bach 114:and 2964:Lao 2804:ISO 2663:). 2322:Ꙗ ꙗ 2296:Ѥ ѥ 2276:(i) 2273:(i) 2270:(i) 2261:Ѵ ѵ 2222:Ѳ ѳ 2196:Ѱ ѱ 2170:Ѯ ѯ 2139:Ѭ ѭ 2106:Ѫ ѫ 2080:Ѩ ѩ 2054:Ѧ ѧ 2028:Ѡ ѡ 1968:Я я 1933:Ю ю 1904:Э э 1869:Ѣ ѣ 1834:Ь ь 1800:Ы ы 1759:Ъ ъ 1717:Щ щ 1680:Ш ш 1664:dž 1645:Џ џ 1608:Ч ч 1571:Ц ц 1537:Х х 1500:Ф ф 1473:Ў ў 1411:У у 1380:Ћ ћ 1342:Ќ ќ 1305:Т т 1268:С с 1231:Р р 1194:П п 1157:О о 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1148:ń 1117:n 1111:n 1108:n 1105:n 1102:n 1099:n 1096:n 1093:n 1080:m 1074:m 1071:m 1068:m 1065:m 1062:m 1059:m 1056:m 1043:ľ 1012:l 1006:l 1003:l 1000:l 997:l 994:l 991:l 988:l 975:k 969:k 966:k 963:k 960:k 957:k 954:k 942:ǰ 937:j 931:j 906:j 899:j 896:j 893:j 890:j 887:j 854:i 841:ī 834:i 831:i 828:i 825:i 820:i 807:i 801:i 795:y 790:i 787:i 784:i 772:ẑ 737:z 731:z 728:z 725:z 722:z 719:z 716:z 713:z 700:ž 694:ž 691:ž 688:ž 685:ž 682:ž 679:ž 676:ž 644:e 631:ë 619:ë 616:ë 599:e 593:e 590:e 587:e 584:e 581:e 578:e 563:ď 504:d 498:d 495:d 492:d 489:d 486:d 483:d 480:d 451:ġ 444:g 441:g 438:g 419:) 402:g 399:h 396:h 393:h 390:g 387:g 384:g 371:v 365:v 362:v 359:v 356:v 353:v 350:v 347:v 334:b 328:b 325:b 322:b 319:b 316:b 313:b 310:b 297:a 294:a 288:a 285:a 282:a 279:a 276:a 273:a 177:x 173:h 128:h 62:( 31:. 20:)

Index

Scientific transliteration
Romanization of Cyrillic
transliteration
Cyrillic script
Latin script
romanization
linguistics
Slavic languages
Preußische Instruktionen
phonemic
Gaj's Latin alphabet
Serbo-Croatian
Bosnian
Montenegrin
Serbian
Czech alphabet
Glagolitic alphabet
ISO 9
pronunciation
ISO/R 9:1968
GOST 16876-71
GOST 7.79
Unicode
Latin-2
Latin-4
Latin-7
А а
Б б
В в
Г г

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