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survive. The major goals were to reduce the probability of extinction, restore ecological diversity, and broaden the involvement of many areas in conservation effort. Eighty-three squirrels were used in this effort and they were all radio-collared for post-release tracking. The radio collars let biologists study the range and movements of the squirrels and tracked the distance traveled within a certain time period.
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habitat. The plan consisted of 11 sites in
Maryland that attempted to reintroduce between 8 and 42 individuals within a 1–3 year process. At each site the same number of males and females were released to assess the reproduction rates and survivability of each sex. Many tests were done after reintroduction by live trapping and recruitment within 9 of the overall 11 sites.
276:, southeastern Pennsylvania and southern New Jersey, but its natural occurrence is now limited to parts of the Eastern Shore of Maryland and Virginia. In these areas, the Delmarva fox squirrel's habitat has been degraded and its survivability rates have decreased. It has, however, been successfully reintroduced into other parts of its historical range.
295:. An open understory within the forest is needed for the squirrels to successfully feed on nuts and seeds of the many trees such as oaks, hickories, sweet gum, walnut, and loblolly pine during the fall season when these trees are dispersing their seeds. In the summer and early fall they often feed on mature green
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areas. Private lands within the
Delmarva fox squirrel range constitute for ~87% of the entire historical range of the DFS, while only 13% is of public land. A relationship between both public and private land owners allowed habitat restoration to occur in the 1990s. Different techniques were used by
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In 1979, the first recovery plan was developed to protect the habitat and increase the population of the
Delmarva fox squirrel. In completing this plan, the biologists projected that the habitat would become more suitable to the lifestyle of the squirrels as well as other animals that share the same
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The
Delmarva fox squirrel conservation effort has been an increasing success. The population within the historical range has increased and the many efforts have allowed for the habitats to become better suited for the Delmarva fox squirrel. Many issues have threatened the Delmarva fox squirrel with
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Within the recovery plan made in the late 1970s, the idea of translocations was a prominent tool used to increase the population of the
Delmarva fox squirrel. The most recent effort allowed for trapping and relocation of the Delmarva fox squirrel to different habitats that would allow them to
279:
Like all fox squirrels, the
Delmarva fox squirrel has a full, fluffy tail. The Delmarva fox squirrel is frosty silver to slate gray with a white belly and can grow to be 75 centimetres (30 in) long, including up to 38 centimetres (15 in) of tail. They weigh around 3 pounds.
375:. Along with human-induced causes, predation plays a large role in the decline of numbers. Red and gray foxes, weasels, mink, eagles and other animals are the cause of high predation rates as the Delmarva fox squirrel's habitat is within their range.
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The
Delmarva fox squirrel was listed as an endangered species in 1967 because only 10% of its historical population was remaining. The cause of their significant decline in individuals was due to overhunting and habitat loss or destruction.
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the
Chesapeake Bay/Susquehanna River Ecoteam on public lands to monitor and reintroduce the Delmarva fox squirrel. Many private land owners also contributed to the restoration process by allowing biologists to access their land.
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These fox squirrels prefer to make their dens in the hollows of trees. However, they will also make a nest of leaves and twigs in the crotch of a tree, in a tangle of vines on a tree trunk, or near the end of a large branch.
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extinction, but continued work to restore habitat must be done in order for this species to have a sustainable population and for the
Delmarva fox squirrel to remain off the Endangered Species List.
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Over the past several years, the populations of
Delmarva fox squirrels have been declining rapidly and in 1967 the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service listed them as an endangered species.
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has been influenced by timber harvesting and farm land production. Housing developments, roads and increased commercial property are some other major factors for the continued
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699:
Mary Ratnaswamy; Cherry Keller; Glenn Therres (2001). "Private Lands and Endangered Species: Lessons from the Delmarva Fox Squirrel in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed".
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in 1967. A recovery plan was developed in 1979 and revised in 1983 and 1993. A principal strategy for species recovery is protection of its
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The Delmarva fox squirrel like many squirrel species, use trees to elude predators. Their preferred habitat is mature forest of both
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is about 44 days, with most young born between February and April. Litters average 1–6 young, which the female raises by herself.
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Many efforts have been made to restore habitat and increase the number of Delmarva fox squirrels within their historical range.
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Peter Bendel; Glen Therres (1994). "Movements, Site Fidelity and Survival of Delmarva Fox Squirrels Following Translocation".
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Glenn Therres; Guy Willey (2002). "Reintroductions of the Endangered Delmarva Fox Squirrel in Maryland".
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In a more recent conservation effort, many private and publicly owned lands were used to serve as
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G. J. Taylor (1973). "Present Status and habitat description of the Delmarva fox squirrel (
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272:) was an endangered subspecies of the fox squirrel. Its historical range included the
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NatureServe Network Biodiversity Location Data accessed through NatureServe Explorer
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Transactions of the 66th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference
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Proceedings of the Annual Conference Southeastern Associates Game Fish Commission
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Delmarva Fox Squirrel: Recovery Plan. Second Revision
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Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington
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717:Delmarva fox squirrel, Sciurus niger cinereus
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596:. Chesapeake Bay Field Office. 2009.
446:"Delmarva Peninsula fox squirrel (
426:. Arlington, Virginia: NatureServe
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414:NatureServe (1 September 2023).
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610:The American Midland Naturalist
1004:NatureServe vulnerable species
570:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
357:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
256:. It is native to the eastern
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533:Linne Neotype Designation".
529:Frederick Barkalow (1996). "
344:A Delmarva fox squirrel in
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248:) is a formerly endangered
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99:Scientific classification
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591:Delmarva fox squirrel,
773:Sciurus niger cinereus
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651:Sciurus niger cinereus
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35:Delmarva fox squirrel
18:Sciurus niger cinereus
963:Paleobiology Database
723:Delmarva Fox Squirrel
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240:Delmarva fox squirrel
27:Subspecies of rodent
387:habitat restoration
369:Habitat destruction
204:S. n. cinereus
51:Conservation status
353:endangered species
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274:Delmarva Peninsula
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767:Wikispecies
459:9 September
430:9 September
69:NatureServe
65:Vulnerable
998:Categories
703:: 598–610.
683:: 265–274.
661:: 278–289.
402:References
297:pine cones
293:understory
289:pine trees
264:Background
250:subspecies
902:Q24705483
327:Gestation
184:Species:
166:Sciuridae
122:Kingdom:
116:Eukaryota
942:11239549
896:Wikidata
875:2.101838
862:12400180
758:Q5254271
752:Wikidata
543:: 13–17.
285:hardwood
229:Linnaeus
162:Family:
156:Rodentia
146:Mammalia
136:Chordata
132:Phylum:
126:Animalia
112:Domain:
85:Delisted
976:ZooBank
929:5219687
823:5219685
810:1276301
631:2426577
361:habitat
355:by the
309:insects
252:of the
177:Sciurus
172:Genus:
152:Order:
142:Class:
87: (
67: (
968:104236
955:203483
849:202358
836:122192
794:ECOS:
681:SEAFWA
629:
323:Mating
311:, and
305:fruits
937:IRMNG
916:4VNCZ
787:5L3RY
627:JSTOR
496:70700
313:grain
950:ITIS
924:GBIF
844:ITIS
818:GBIF
797:6364
478:4001
461:2023
432:2023
301:buds
287:and
238:The
911:CoL
857:MSW
805:EoL
782:CoL
619:doi
615:132
491:80
473:32
89:ESA
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
